11 results on '"NEUROCOGNITION"'
Search Results
2. Funcionamento neuropsicológico de uma criança com leucemia linfoblástica aguda em quimioterapia e após a pandemia.
- Author
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Silva de Lima, Pablo, Bartolomei Silva, Milene, Zimmermann, Nicolle, and Paz Fonseca, Rochele
- Subjects
- *
EXECUTIVE function , *COVID-19 pandemic , *PUBLIC hospitals , *COGNITIVE flexibility , *VISUAL memory , *LEXICAL access - Abstract
Children with childhood cancer are at high risk of a wide range of cognitive difficulties. Therefore, interventions directed to these difficulties are necessary. Anticancer treatments such as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are at high risk of late effects of neurocognitive deficits. The present study presents the case of an 8-year-old female child, attending elementary school, diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia -ALL at 8 years of age, undergoing chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pragmatic language, verbal and visual episodic memory, executive functions, concentrated attention, writing ability, and behavior were evaluated. The results of the neuropsychological evaluation suggested deficits in the tasks of executive functions of lexical access (free fluency, phonemic and semantic), with significant impairments also in cognitive flexibility, working memory, and concentrated attention. The deficits presented are well linked to the existing literature on the neuropsychological outcome of children with ALL during childhood. However, these findings may also be linked to the pandemic's consequences on children's cognition.This study sought to contribute to the Brazilian and international knowledge that is still lacking in reports of neuropsychological outcomes of children with ALL undergoing treatment, and after the pandemic, who receive pedagogical assistance at hospitals provided by the public education and health network in a hospital environment by the public school and health network. In order to elucidate the national importance of this clinically delicate Clinical group having access to neuropsychological examination, in order to trace possible deficits and potentialities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Mecanismos neurocognitivos de la terapia basada en mindfulness / Neurocognitive mechanisms of the mindfulness based therapy
- Author
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Manolete S. Moscoso and Cecile A. Lengacher
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Mindfulness ,estrés crónico ,neurocognición ,autorregulación ,atención ,chronic stress ,neurocognition ,self-regulation ,attention ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
RESUMEN Presentamos un resumen y una breve historia del creciente campo de Intervenciones Basadas en mindfulness o conciencia plena. En los últimos tiempos, existe un gran interés en este modelo terapéutico para reducir la vulnerabilidad al estrés crónico y distrés emocional. Mindfulness requiere intencionalmente enfocar nuestra atención a las experiencias que ocurren en el momento presente. A medida que la investigación avanza en esta temática, es vital definir cuidadosamente la estructura de mindfulness y comprender mejor sus mecanismos de acción neurocognitiva. Este informe presenta un marco conceptual que enfatiza el papel central de control atencional y mecanismos de sostenibilidad para desarrollar las habilidades de conciencia plena. También, repasamos la estructura de mindfulness y la autorregulación de las emociones; luego describimos brevemente nuestra investigación relacionada con nuestro programa de Reducción del Estrés en Cáncer de Mama basado en Mindfulness (MBSR-AC) en la University of South Florida. Se presenta, a partir de esta premisa, un modelo propuesto que explica nuestros mecanismos cognitivos basados en la lógica del modelo de biocomportamental. ABSTRACT We are presenting an overview and a brief history of the growing field of Mindfulness Based Interventions. There has been a significant interest in this therapeutic model to reduce vulnerability to chronic stress and emotional distress in recent times. Mindfulness requires intentionally bringing our attention to the experiences that occur in the present moment. As the research advances in this line of inquiry, it is vital to carefully define the construct of Mindfulness and better understand its neurocognitive mechanisms of action. This review presents conceptual framework that emphasizes the central role of attentional control and sustainability mechanisms to build mindfulness skills. We also review the construct of Mindfulness and self-regulation of emotions; then describe briefly our research related to our Mindfulness Based-Stress Reduction Breast Cancer (MBSR-BC) program at the University of South Florida. With this premise, we present a model explaining our proposed cognitive mechanisms based on the Logic of the Biobehavioral Model.
- Published
- 2015
4. Oxidative stress markers, cognitive functions, and psychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder: an empirical cross-sectional study
- Author
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Ömer Aydemir, Zeynep Çubukçuoğlu, Soner Erdin, Cumhur Taş, Ece Onur, and Michael Berk
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Bipolar disorder ,biomarkers ,neurocognition ,psychosocial functioning ,oxidative stress ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress markers and cognitive functions and domains of psychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder. Methods: Oxidative stress markers, cognitive functions, and domains of psychosocial functioning were evaluated in 51 patients with bipolar disorder who were in remission. Correlation analyses between these parameters were calculated with data controlled for duration of illness and number of episodes. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between oxidative stress markers and cognitive functions. In terms of psychosocial functioning, significant correlations were found between malondialdehyde and sense of stigmatization (r = -0.502); household activities and superoxide dismutase (r = 0.501); participation in social activities and nitric oxide (r = 0.414); hobbies and leisure time activities and total glutathione (r = -0.567), superoxide dismutase (r = 0.667), and neurotrophin 4 (r = 0.450); and taking initiative and self-sufficiency and superoxide dismutase (r = 0.597). There was no correlation between other domains of psychosocial functioning and oxidative stress markers. Conclusion: These results imply that oxidative stress markers do not appear to correlate clearly with cognitive impairment and reduced psychosocial functioning. However, there were some associations between selected oxidative markers and activity-oriented functional markers. This may represent a true negative association, or may be an artifact of oxidative stress being a state rather than a trait marker.
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Impactos directos e indirectos en la neurocognición humana, como resultado del envenenamiento por metilmercurio y sus problemas de salud para la salud pública
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Moreira, Elisângela Claudia de Medeiros, Cruz Neto, Manoel Samuel da, Fecury, Amanda Alves, Dendasck, Carla Viana, Dias, Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos, Araújo, Maria Helena Mendonça de, Moraes, Jones Souza, Santos, Deyvison Luz, Souza, Keulle Oliveira da, Silva, Iracely Rodrigues da, Pires, Yomara Pinheiro, and Oliveira, Euzébio de
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Intoxicação ,Neurocognição ,Mercurio ,Metilmercurio ,Neurocognición ,Intoxication ,Methylmercury ,Intoxicación ,Mercury ,Neurocognition ,Metilmercúrio ,Mercúrio - Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a liquid, toxic, heavy, silvery-white and odorless metal. Its use is identified by several ancient peoples, with its use evidenced mainly for the extraction of gold, alchemy, among others. This metal can be presented in several chemical forms: metallic, ionic Hg +, Hg ++ and organic compounds, highly volatile and soluble in water and lipids; factor that intensifies contamination by transposition through pulmonary alveoli and the blood-brain barrier, as well as fixation and damage to the nervous system, resulting in great reactivity with sulfhydryl groups, inhibition of several enzymes and autoimmune action. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe the main direct and indirect impacts on human neurocognition, resulting from poisoning by mercury (methylmercury). It was possible to verify that in the literature, many studies demonstrate that women, children and individuals who deal directly with mercury display sources, are the main targets for this intoxication. In addition, it can be seen that neurological damage is serious and can even reach the fetus, by breaking barriers in the placenta. Thus, studies that demonstrate and emphasize the neurodegenerative effects caused by high doses of mercury in the body are of fundamental importance, in addition to strengthening information about this metal, which is very harmful to human health. El mercurio (Hg) es un metal líquido, tóxico, pesado, de color blanco plateado e inodoro. Su uso es identificado por varios pueblos antiguos, con su uso evidenciado principalmente para la extracción de oro, alquimia, entre otros. Este metal puede presentarse en varias formas químicas: metálicos, iónicos Hg +, Hg ++ y compuestos orgánicos, altamente volátiles y solubles en agua y lípidos; factor que intensifica la contaminación por transposición a través de los alvéolos pulmonares y la barrera hematoencefálica, así como la fijación y daño al sistema nervioso, resultando en gran reactividad con los grupos sulfhidrilo, inhibición de varias enzimas y acción autoinmune. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es describir los principales impactos directos e indirectos sobre la neurocognición humana, derivados del envenenamiento por mercurio (metilmercurio). Se pudo comprobar que en la literatura, muchos estudios demuestran que las mujeres, los niños y las personas que tratan directamente con fuentes de exhibición de mercurio, son los principales objetivos de esta intoxicación. Además, se puede observar que el daño neurológico es grave e incluso puede llegar al feto, rompiendo barreras en la placenta. Así, son de fundamental importancia los estudios que demuestren y enfaticen los efectos neurodegenerativos que provocan altas dosis de mercurio en el organismo, además de fortalecer la información sobre este metal, muy perjudicial para la salud humana. O mercúrio (Hg) é um metal líquido, tóxico, pesado, branco-prateado e inodoro. Seu uso é identificado por vários povos antigos, com seu uso evidenciado principalmente para extração do ouro, alquimia, dentre outros. Esse metal pode ser apresentado em várias formas químicas: metálicas, iônicas Hg+, Hg++ e compostos orgânicos, altamente volátil e solúvel em água e lipídios; fator que intensifica a contaminação pela transposição através de alvéolos pulmonares e da barreira hematoencefálica, bem como, fixação e lesão do sistema nervoso, tendo como consequência, a grande reatividade com os grupos sulfidrila, inibição de várias enzimas e ação autoimune. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo descrever os principais impactos diretos e indiretos na neurocognição humana, decorrentes da intoxicação por mercúrio (metilmercúrio). Foi possível verificar que na literatura, muitos trabalhos demonstram que mulheres, crianças e indivíduos que lidam diretamente com fontes expositoras de mercúrio, são os principais alvos para essa intoxicação. Além disso, pode-se perceber que os danos neurológicos são graves e que podem até mesmo atingir o feto, por meio do rompimento de barreiras na placenta. Dessa forma, é de fundamental importância estudos que demonstrem e ressaltem os efeitos neurodegenerativos causados pelas elevadas doses de mercúrio no organismo, além de fortalecer as informações acerca desse metal que se apresenta muito nocivo à saúde humana.
- Published
- 2020
6. Neurocognição, ansiedade e depressão na Hepatite C : contributo para uma caracterização psicobiológica
- Author
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Barreira, Paulo David Pires, Ouakinin, Sílvia Raquel Soares, Marinho, Rui António Rocha Tato, and Bicho, Manuel Diamantino Pires
- Subjects
Inflammation ,Inflamação ,Hepatite C ,Depression ,Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Depressão ,Ansiedade ,Polimorfismos genéticos ,Anxiety ,Neurocognição ,Genetic Polymorphisms ,Hepatitis C ,Neurocognition - Abstract
Submitted by Paula Guerreiro (passarinho@reitoria.ulisboa.pt) on 2021-12-06T10:51:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ulsd736001_td_David_Barreira.pdf: 10215921 bytes, checksum: 44116ebc248b588399f583429acbf29d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-13T14:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ulsd736001_td_David_Barreira.pdf: 10215921 bytes, checksum: 44116ebc248b588399f583429acbf29d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01 Associação Portuguesa para o Estudo do Fígado (APEF), através da atribuição do prémio/bolsa de investigação APEF/ROCHE
- Published
- 2018
7. A teoria do Neurônio−Z
- Author
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Baldino, Roberto Ribeiro
- Subjects
Paródia ,Gênero ,Ethnicity ,Currículo ,Gender ,Curriculum ,Parody ,Neurocognição ,Neurocognition ,Etnia - Abstract
The possibility of finding out mathematics inside the human brain has fascinated educators. Which neuron is responsible for mathematics operations? Once the gene that assures the formation of such neuron has been localized, all problems relative to mathematics teaching will receive considerable thrust. Questions as the ‘talent’ for mathematics, professional orientation, selection of future mathematicians, teaching methodologies, will benefit from new solutions. At least, this is the will of truth that Michel Foucault talks about. A idéia de descobrir a matemática dentro do cérebro humano tem fascinado educadores. Qual neurônio será responsável pelas operações e abstrações matemáticas? Uma vez descoberto o gene que garante a formação desse neurônio, os problemas de ensino da matemática recebem impulso notável. As questões do “talento” para matemática, a orientação profissional, a seleção dos futuros matemáticos e a escolha de métodos de ensino encontrarão novas soluções. Ao menos, essa é a vontade de verdade de que fala Michel Foucault.
- Published
- 2017
8. Predictors of response in the treatment of moderate depression
- Author
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Clarissa Marceli Trentini, Andre Goettems Bastos, and Luciano Santos Pinto Guimarães
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Adult ,Male ,Prognostic variable ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,neurocognition ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Fluoxetine ,medicine ,Humans ,moderators ,Psychiatry ,Neurocognition ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Modalities ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Working memory ,Depression ,Predictors ,fluoxetine ,Moderators ,Fluoxetina ,Prognosis ,Combined Modality Therapy ,030227 psychiatry ,psychotherapy ,Psychotherapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Moderate depression ,predictors ,Treatment Outcome ,Psicoterapia ,Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation ,Original Article ,Female ,Depressão ,Psychology ,Neurocognitive ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objective: To identify neurocognitive and sociodemographic variables that could be associated with clinical response to three modalities of treatment for depression, as well as variables that predicted superior response to one treatment over the others. Method: The present study derives from a research project in which depressed patients (n=272) received one of three treatments – long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (n=90), fluoxetine therapy (n=91), or a combination thereof (n=91) – over a 24-month period. Results: Sociodemographic variables were not found to be predictive. Six predictive neurocognitive variables were identified: three prognostic variables related to working memory and abstract reasoning; one prescriptive variable related to working memory; and two variables found to be moderators. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate subgroups of patients who might benefit from specific therapeutic strategies and subgroups that seem to respond well to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and combined therapy. The moderators found suggest that abstract reasoning and processing speed may influence the magnitude and/or direction of clinical improvement.
- Published
- 2017
9. Neurocognição e infecção por VIH: Implicações para a adesão à terapêutica, qualidade de vida e saúde mental
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Margalho, Renata, Mendonça, Nuno, and Pereira, Marco
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Quality of life ,Qualidade de vida ,VIH/SIDA ,Mental Health ,VIH/AIDS ,Neurocognição ,Saúde mental ,Neurocognition - Published
- 2011
10. Implicações da neurocognição e da auto-eficácia na predição do funcionamento psicossocial de pessoas com esquizofrenia
- Author
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Rocha,Nuno, Queirós,Cristina, Aguiar,Susana, Marques,António, and Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
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Psicologia ,Auto-eficácia ,Psychology [Social sciences] ,Psicologia [Ciências sociais] ,Funcionamento Psicossocial ,Schizophrenia ,Psychology ,Esquizofrenia ,Neurocognição ,Self-efficacy ,Neurocognition ,Psychosocial functioning - Abstract
Este estudo teve como objectivos principais identificar constructos neurocognitivos que se apresentam de modo diferencial como preditores de dimensões específicas do funcionamento psicossocial de pessoas com Esquizofrenia, e analisar o contributo adicional da auto-eficácia geral como possível variável preditora. Para tal, constituímos uma amostra composta por 37 pessoas com Esquizofrenia, que avaliamos com uma bateria de testes neurocognitivos e com instrumentos de funcionamento psicossocial e de autoeficácia. Recorremos a análises de regressão para a obtenção dos modelos preditores, com recurso aos métodos stepwise e enter. Os modelos preditores iniciais explicaram entre 17% e 67% da variância nas diferentes dimensões do funcionamento psicossocial. Os preditores neurocognitivos significativos foram a memória de trabalho, a atenção, a velocidade de processamento, o raciocínio lógico e a memória visuoespacial. Não encontramos qualquer preditor significativo dos comportamentos de Não-perturbação. Nos modelos realizados com a auto-eficácia, verificamos que esta se constituiu como preditor significativo da dimensão Auto-cuidado e Contacto social. Estes resultados sugerem que a promoção do funcionamento psicossocial (com excepção dos comportamentos violentos ou de perturbação) poderá passar pela intervenção sistemática ao nível do desenvolvimento de competências cognitivas e de percepções mais positivas de eficácia pessoal. The main purpose of this study was to identify neurocognitive constructs that seems to be differential predictors of distinct dimensions of psychosocial functioning, and to analyze the additional contribution of self-efficacy as a possible predictor. To achieve those goals, a sample of 37 participants with schizophrenia were assessed in their psychosocial functioning, self-efficacy and neurocognitive functioning. We performed regression analysis to obtain the predictive models, using enter and stepwise methods. The initial predictive models explained between 17% and 67% of the variance on the psychosocial functioning dimensions. The main neurocognitive predictors were working memory, attention/vigilance, processing speed, logic reasoning, and visual-spatial memory. We didn’t found any significant predictor of the dimension non-turbulence. In the models in which self-efficacy entered has a dependent variable, was accounted as a significant predictor of self-care and social contact. The results suggest that the promotion of psychosocial functioning should include interventions aimed to improve cognitive skills and to develop a more positive sense of self-efficacy. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2008
11. Predictors of response in the treatment of moderate depression
- Author
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Andre G. Bastos, Luciano S. Guimarães, and Clarissa M. Trentini
- Subjects
Depression ,psychotherapy ,fluoxetine ,moderators ,predictors ,neurocognition ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: To identify neurocognitive and sociodemographic variables that could be associated with clinical response to three modalities of treatment for depression, as well as variables that predicted superior response to one treatment over the others. Method: The present study derives from a research project in which depressed patients (n=272) received one of three treatments – long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (n=90), fluoxetine therapy (n=91), or a combination thereof (n=91) – over a 24-month period. Results: Sociodemographic variables were not found to be predictive. Six predictive neurocognitive variables were identified: three prognostic variables related to working memory and abstract reasoning; one prescriptive variable related to working memory; and two variables found to be moderators. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate subgroups of patients who might benefit from specific therapeutic strategies and subgroups that seem to respond well to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and combined therapy. The moderators found suggest that abstract reasoning and processing speed may influence the magnitude and/or direction of clinical improvement.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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