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2. A PROMOÇÃO DA SEGURANÇA HUMANA NA (ZONA CINZENTA DA) ESTABILIZAÇÃO.

Author

Franco, Ana Carina S.

Subjects
HUMAN security, UNITED Nations peacekeeping forces, OPERATIONAL definitions, PEACE
Abstract

Copyright of Relações Internacionais is the property of Relacoes Internacionais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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3. Conflict resolution in West Africa: What is ECOWAS for?

Author

Agossou Lucien Ahouangan

Subjects
ecowas, mali, côte d’ivoire, International relations, JZ2-6530, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

This article aims at analyzing the role played by ECOWAS in the Ivorian and Malian crises. We argue that ECOWAS in many circumstances help to de-escalate violence at the first stage of conflict in Mali and Côte d’Ivoire. However, the inefficiency of the ECOWAS to resolve conflict in the region makes it seem useless for the West African.

Published
2022
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4. Response to the Somali and Malian Jihadist Movements: What Lessons for Mozambique? | Resposta aos Movimentos Jihadistas Somali e Mali: Que Lições para Moçambique?

Author

Ana Carina S. Franco and Miguel Mbiavanga Ajú

Subjects
external interventions, jihadist movements, Mali, Mozambique, post-liberal, Somalia, Political science (General), JA1-92
Abstract

Since 2017, Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado province has witnessed an unprecedented level of violence attributed to jihadist movements. The security threat, instability and deteriorating humanitarian situation in the area has attracted the attention of regional and international actors. The aim of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it discusses the response to jihadist movements in Somalia and Mali in order to explain and contextualize external interventions in Mozambique. On the other hand, it explores the extent of lessons-learned based on the evidence from Somalia and Mali. Specifically, it considers how such interventions may help shade light towards a better understanding of the origin and evolution of Mozambican-based jihadist movement and the possible responses from external actors. The arguments are guided by a post-liberal approach. However, drawing from the relative deprivation theory, the article also focuses on the economic and social exclusion experienced in Cabo Delgado province and highlights the possible underlying root-causes of the current situation. As a main conclusion, lessons learned from stabilization and counterinsurgency interventions in Somalia and Mali must be an integral part of the responses to the Mozambique conflict.

Published
2022
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5. A intervenção francesa no Mali: estudo de caso sobre a Operação Serval.

Author

de Resende Silva, Josias Marcos, de Oliveira Mendonça, Henrique, Bezerra de Azevedo, Rodrigo, and Costa Marinho, Rafael

Subjects
INTERVENTION (International law), MILITARY assistance, NEGOTIATION, MUJAHIDEEN, INTERNATIONAL agencies
Abstract

Copyright of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad is the property of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
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6. Primera condena de la Corte Penal Internacional por destrucción de patrimonio histórico en Tombuctú: el caso Al Mahdi

Author

Elena Pineros Polo

Subjects
corte penal internacional, mali, crímenes de guerra, destrucción patrimonio histórico, protección internacional del patrimonio histórico-cultural, condenas por destrucción de patrimonio cultural, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, K1-7720
Abstract

Este trabajo examina la primera condena de la Corte Penal Internacional por destrucción de patrimonio histórico. Tras analizar brevemente el conflicto interno en Mali, se estudia el desarrollo del proceso penal contra el Sr. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, desde la remisión de la situación por el ministro de justicia maliense a la Oficina del Fiscal de la Corte hasta la fase final de reparación del daño tras la sentencia de condena. La relevancia de este caso es mayúscula, no solo por el delito objeto de la condena sino por las dificultades a la hora de establecer la reparación del daño, atendiendo a la categorización diversa de las víctimas de tales crímenes internacionales.

Published
2020
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7. Le Non-retour des Étudiants Boursiers : Un cas inédit de l’immigration malienne en France

Author

Fodié Tandjigora

Subjects
migration qualifiée, fuite des cerveaux, insertion professionnelle, déclassement professionnel, enseignement supérieur, Mali, History of Africa, DT1-3415, Social Sciences
Abstract

Cet article vise à définir les contours de l’émigration des diplômés maliens de l’enseignement supérieur. Il se concentre sur l’étude des titulaires d’un master ou d’un doctorat, nés au Mali, y ayant effectué une partie de leur cursus, et aujourd’hui en activité en France comme avocats, médecins, responsables associatifs, ingénieurs ou professeurs. À travers nos enquêtes menées auprès de 85 diplômés maliens de France, nous démontrons l’existence d’une figure nouvelle de l’émigration malienne connue jusque-là sous sa forme ouvrière. Déconstruisant le paradigme dominant de fuite de cerveaux des jeunes africains, l’article montre que les raisons pour le non-retour de beaucoup de diplômés maliens sont plus complexes et ne pas seulement économiques comme l’approche fuite de cerveaux nous veut faire croire.

Published
2019
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8. Unfulfilled Expectations for Making a Better Life: Young Malian men coping with their post deportation adventures

Author

Susanne U. Schultz

Subjects
Mali, young men, post deportation, (im)mobility, expectations, re-migration, History of Africa, DT1-3415, Social Sciences
Abstract

This article offers insight into the unfulfilled expectations of young Malian men, who sought a better life in Europe, and to contribute to their families, only to be forcefully returned. Tracing these men’s trajectories and daily life representations, it explores their experiences and narrations, and how these contribute to scholarly debates on youth, migration, and work. Based on cases from Kita, southern Mali, the article questions whether these men are thrown back into “waithood,” prevented from obtaining the status of social adulthood. The data indicate potential coping strategies. Many may talk about re-migrating, but ultimately remain in their village. While some are held in “involuntary immobility,” others cope with the presumed failure and make a better life where they are.

Published
2019
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9. Made in Medieval: a ‘exportação’ do Medievalismo e a compreensão da História Africana.

Author

Vieira Pinto, Otávio Luiz

Subjects
*MIDDLE Ages, *MEDIEVALISM, *GENEALOGY, *HISTORIOGRAPHY, *CHRONOLOGY, *CONTINENTS
Abstract

This paper aims to discuss the viability of thinking Africa South of the Sahara as a space with its own “Middle Ages”. To do so, I briefly discuss the genealogy of the term Medieval, Medieval Studies and Medievalism. This digression is important in order to observe the intimate relation between historiography on the Middle Ages and Europe. Then, I discuss the “non-eurocentric” proposals that come with a Postcolonial approach to Medieval Studies and, after that, I discuss the implications of conceiving a Middle Ages outside of Europe, especially in Africa South of the Sahara. I conclude arguing that attempting to frame African spaces in a chronology of Middle Ages acts as a type of export of a Academic Medievalism: Africa South of the Sahara becomes, more than na object of study, a field where idealized, romantic and instrumentalized images are created, setting forth epistemological and political implication for our historical understanding of the continent. Therefore, the idea of a “Medieval Africa” is not neutral and has to be constantly questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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10. Mali, um Estado sub-representativo de sua sociedade

Author

Emiliano Unzer Macedo

Subjects
mali, government, african society, Political science, International relations, JZ2-6530
Abstract

This article examines the conditions for the actual crisis in Mali. The historic misrepresentation of northern regions in the government of Mali may elucidate the causes of the civil crisis that may be not sufficiently explained only in terms of strategy for mineral resources or spread of Islamic extremism in the country.

Published
2017

11. Rice farmer’s poverty and its determinants: evidence from Dogofiri village of Office du Niger zone in Mali

Author

Brahima Coulibaly, Shixiang Li, and Zhanqi Wang

Subjects
rice farmer, poverty, determinants, Office du Niger, Mali, Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to contribute to a better understanding of rice farmer’s poverty of Office du Niger (ON) in Mali at village-level. Data were collected through survey with 110 head family farms in the village of Dogofiri. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the main determinants of poverty. Results indicated that the factors of physical capital and human capital as well as government policy have a significant influence on the poverty of family farms through production, age, family size, education and health support, agricultural credit and water fees. Policies aimed to improve the family farm’s income and boosting rice production to alleviate poverty ought to be based on these factors.

Published
2020
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12. Visibilité et Accès à la Production Scientifique: Modèle d’Adoption des Outils de Publication Open Access par les Enseignants-chercheurs Maliens

Author

Macire Kante and Nianguiry Kante

Subjects
adoption, publication en ligne, open access, enseignants-chercheurs, Mali, Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Abstract

Online publication in open access journal is crucial for countries like Mali as it offers unlimited access to scientific publications. However, the adoption and use of these open access journals by researchers in developing countries remains a matter of concern. It is for that reason that this study was conducted in order to propose an adoption model of these tools by collecting data from 66 Malian researchers. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess and validate the model. We proposed an adoption model that accounted for 67.10% of the intention to adopt online open access journals. In addition to that, an ordinal regression reveals that there is a correlation between Publishing in open access journals online and the languages of study. A limitation of this study is the number of teacher-researchers who participated in the study. We recommend that a study be conducted with more participants to validate this model that we proposed.

Published
2019
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13. "It may look like war, but it's peacekeeping" 1: a MINUSMA e o Processo de Paz no Mali.

Author

Braga Rosas Duarte, Geraldine Marcelle Moreira, de Souza Andrade, Letícia Carvalho, de Abreu Costa Souza, Matheus, and Balestrini, Amanda

Abstract

Copyright of Conjuntura Internacional is the property of Conjuntura Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2019
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14. Impacto das ameaças híbridas no contexto de estados frágeis em África: as respostas da União Europeia à crise de desinformação no Mali

Author

Pinto, Inês de Sousa and Ribeiro, Inês Marques

Subjects
EUTM, NATO, África, ameaças híbridas, Wagner Group, fragility, fragilidade, Grupo Wagner, hybrid threats, Mali, MINUSMA, desinformação, disinformation, União Europeia, Rússia, Africa, European Union
Abstract

Mestrado Bolonha em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional O fim da Guerra Fria veio complexificar o sistema internacional e as relações que nele decorrem entre os vários atores, sendo estes Estatais ou não. O avanço tecnológico e a melhoria dos seus meios têm acelerado o processo de globalização e a crescente dependência entre atores, pelo que esta complexificação de relações têm colocado os Estados sujeitos a novos tipos de ameaças. Este cenário tem colocado o conceito de segurança no debate internacional, acabando por existir uma necessidade de ajuste ao conceito destas ameaças. Operando na zona cinzenta, as ameaças híbridas tornam-se difíceis de detetar, prevenir e responder, pelo que torna o conceito de segurança cada vez mais complexo. A desinformação tem constituído uma arma de guerra tanto nas democracias como em regimes que se encontram em processo de democratização. Devido à fragilidade dos seus Estados, África tem sido particularmente vulnerável à desinformação pela escassez de recursos em combatê-la. No caso do Mali, a desinformação tem sido uma ameaça no contexto autoritário do Estado, sobretudo pela influência do Grupo Wagner. Esta ameaça tem comprometido o desenvolvimento do Estado naquela que é a tentativa em transitar para um regime democrático, bem como as operações militares em curso que têm como objetivo assegurar a paz e a segurança, tanto no âmbito da UE como da ONU. Tanto a NATO como a UE têm vindo a desenvolver trabalho no combate às ameaças híbridas e concretamente à desinformação, existindo por isso, a possibilidade de se criar uma relação com a União Africana neste sentido, com o objetivo de apoiar os seus Estados-Membros a combaterem estas ameaças. The end of the Cold War came to complicate the international system and the relations that ensue between the various actors, whether these may be states or not. Technological advancement and the improvement of its means have accelerated the process of globalization and increasing dependence among actors, so this complexity of relations has put states under new type of threats. This scenario has put the concept of security in the international debate, and there is ultimately a need to adjust the concept of these threats. Operating in the grey area, hybrid threats become difficult to detect, prevent and respond, and thus make the concept of security increasingly complex. Disinformation has been a weapon of war both in democracies and in regimes that are in the process of democratization. Due to the fragility of its states, Africa has been particularly vulnerable to disinformation by the scarcity of resources to combat it. In the case of Mali, disinformation has been a threat in the authoritarian context of the state, especially by the influence of the Wagner Group. This threat has undermined the development of the country in what is the attempt to move to a democratic regime, as well as the ongoing military operations aimed at ensuring peace and security, both within the EU and the UN. Both NATO and the EU have been working to combat hybrid threats and specifically disinformation, and there is therefore the possibility of creating a relationship with the African Union in this direction, with the aim of supporting its Member States. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022

15. O desencanto revolucionário e o anti-herói em contextos africanos: Amadou Hampâté Bâ e Paulina Chiziane

Author

Débora Leite David

Subjects
Romance, Mali, Moçambique, Anti-Herói, Pós-Independência, Romanic languages, PC1-5498, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature, PQ1-3999
Abstract

Finda a euforia revolucionária com as independências africanas, novos projetos estéticos e literários surgem diante de um contexto social e histórico que traz tristeza e desilusões pela frustração na realização das utopias revolucionárias. Os golpes de estado e as ditaduras que se multiplicam pelos espaços africanos independentes ensejam a personagem do anti-herói nos romances publicados nessa fase pós-independência, como ocorre nas obras L´Étrange Destin de Wangrin, de Amadou Hampâté Bâ e Ventos do apocalipse, de Paulina Chiziane. Entretanto, a reconstrução dessa imagem heroica, no âmbito da distopia revolucionária, indica que a figura do herói não é um molde pronto e acabado. Trata-se de uma construção contínua, segundo Peter Burke, que se atualiza com as necessidades de uma sociedade, modelando-se a partir de protótipos ancestrais.

Published
2014

16. Islam y Política en Mali

Author

David Nievas Bullejos

Subjects
Mali, islam, islamismo, reformismo, laicismo, yihadismo, History of Africa, DT1-3415, Social Sciences
Abstract

La ocupación del norte de Mali entre 2012 y 2013 por grupos armados que enarbolaron la bandera del islam y la creciente intromisión en la política nacional de organizaciones y líderes musulmanes han generado un debate sobre el futuro del islam en un Mali laico. El papel del islam es cada vez mayor en la sociedad y en la política maliense pero no es nuevo ni merece un tratamiento desde un punto de vista alarmista. La doble crisis que el país atravesó ha dado más oportunidades al islam de establecerse en la vida pública y política. Este artículo pretende examinar la trayectoria del islam en la época contemporánea y trazar la creciente centralidad en la vida política del país.

Published
2014
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17. A instrumentalização do extremismo no Mali pela Arábia Saudita, Emirados Árabes Unidos e Qatar, e consequente intensificação dos grupos terroristas de matriz islâmica (1970 a 2020)

Author

Costa, Aristides Telémaco Pereira da and Silva, Teresa de Almeida e

Subjects
Wahhabism, Extremisms, Salafism, Terrorism, Extremismo, Terrorismo, Mali, Islão, Salafismo, Wahhabismo, Islam
Abstract

Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Relações Internacionais A presente dissertação tem como objeto de investigação avaliar a influência da Arábia Saudita, dos Emirados Árabes Unidos e do Qatar no Mali, e como é que essa influência tem favorecido a proliferação de grupos terroristas de matriz Islâmica. Como metodologia, foi utilizada uma estratégia qualitativa e recorreu-se ao método indutivo. O desenho da pesquisa aplicado foi o Estudo de Caso, interpretativo, incidindo sobre a forma como a Arábia Saudita, os Emirados Árabes Unidos e o Qatar, de uma forma ambivalente, incrementam a Islamização na sua vertente mais ortodoxa e consequentemente extremista, fomentando a proliferação de grupos terroristas de matriz Islâmica, no Mali. Verificou-se que nos três países objeto de estudo, a esfera religiosa não se separa da esfera política, confirmando-se que o Estado não se separa da religião nestes países, condicionando assim as estruturas de poder e os respetivos líderes. Ocorre assim uma instrumentalização da religião por parte das respetivas instituições religiosas, de forma que sejam adotadas políticas favoráveis à expansão do Wahhabismo/Salafismo para outros países. Foi observado, ainda, que, no Mali, os locais que são tipicamente alvo de recrutamento pelos Grupos terroristas, são as Madrassas e povoações Wahhabitas e/ou seguidoras do movimento Da´wa. Constatando-se, assim, existir uma relação causa/efeito direta entre os elementos (mais jovens) que são doutrinados nesses princípios mais ortodoxos e que passam a ser mais suscetíveis aos extremismos e ao recrutamento. Enquanto existir má governação, níveis de corrupção elevados e falta de investimento social, as influências de outros países terão sempre espaço de intervenção, acabando por condicionar e tentar moldar as populações locais de acordo com as suas visões. No caso em estudo, enquanto continuar a existir financiamento e apoio ao Wahhabismo/Salafismo, os extremismos terão sempre solo fértil para radicar e consequentemente irão continuar a beneficiar o recrutamento pelos Grupos Terroristas. The present dissertation intended to investigate the influence of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar in Mali, and how this influence has favoured the proliferation of terrorist groups of Islamic origin. We used as methodology, a qualitative strategy together with the inductive method. The research design applied was the Case Study, interpretive, focusing on how Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, and in how with an ambivalent way,they have increased the Islamization in its most orthodox and consequently extremist aspect, fostering the proliferation of Islamic-based terrorist groups in Mali. Regarding the three countries studied, we concluded that the religious sphere is not separated from the political sphere, confirming that the State does not separate from religion in these countries, thus conditioning the power structures and the respective leaders. Thus, there is an instrumentalization of religion by the respective religious institutions, so that the policies adopted favours the expansion of Wahhabism/Salafism to other countries. Considering Mali, we observed that the places where the terrorist groups typically recruit are in Madrassas and Wahhabi villages and/or within followers of the Da'wa movement. Thus, there is a direct cause/effect relationship between the (younger) elements who are indoctrinated in these more orthodox principles and who become more susceptible to extremism and recruitment. While bad governance will continue to prevail, there will always be high levels of corruption and lack of social investment, allowing opportunities to other countries to have room for interfere and influence, ending up conditioning and trying to shape local populations according to their visions. In the case under study, as long as there is funding and support for Wahhabism/Salafism, extremism will always have fertile ground to take root and consequently will continue to benefit from recruitment by Terrorist Groups. N/A

Published
2022

18. Response to the Somali and Malian Jihadist Movements: What Lessons for Mozambique?

Author

Franco,Ana Carina S and Ajú,Miguel Mbiavanga

Subjects
intervenções externas, Somália, Moçambique, Mali, movimentos jihadistas, pós-li beral
Abstract

Since 2017, Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado province has witnessed an unprecedented level of violence attributed to jihadist movements. The security threat, instability and deteriorating humanitarian situation in the area has attracted the attention of regional and international actors. The aim of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it discusses the response to jihadist movements in Somalia and Mali in order to explain and contextualize external interventions in Mozambique. On the other hand, it explores the extent of lessons-learned based on the evidence from Somalia and Mali. Specifically, it considers how such interventions may help shade light towards a better understanding of the origin and evolution of Mozambican-based jihadist movement and the possible responses from external actors. The arguments are guided by a post-liberal approach. However, drawing from the relative deprivation theory, the article also focuses on the economic and social exclusion experienced in Cabo Delgado province and highlights the possible underlying root-causes of the current situation. As a main conclusion, lessons learned from stabilization and counterinsurgency interventions in Somalia and Mali must be an integral part of the responses to the Mozambique conflict.

Published
2022

19. On Migration and Security: Europe managing migration from Sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Stephan Dünnwald

Subjects
deportation, human rights, Frontex, return, security, Mali, History of Africa, DT1-3415, Social Sciences
Abstract

The last years showed considerable debates about migration from Africa to Europe. New border zones have been established, an externalisation of migration management had been introduced. Among the key stakeholders are not only the southern member states of the European Union, but the Union itself. Council and Commission engage in establishing a “global approach to migration”. More than member states, EU bodies base their discourse on values, not deterrence only. This article explores activities of member states and the European Union, describing the different zones of engagement from Bamako (Mali) to the Mediterranean. Taking the EU agency Frontex as a central example, the article poses the question if the EU engagement leads to more security for migrants and migration management1.

Published
2011
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21. Capter les richesses du patrimoine mondial dans une ville sainte de l’islam : la problématique de la mise en tourisme à Djenné au Mali

Author

Diama Cissouma Togola and Soufian Al Karjousli

Subjects
tourisme, patrimoine mondial, patrimoine immatériel, islam, Djenné, Mali, Geography (General), G1-922, Recreation. Leisure, GV1-1860
Abstract

La vieille ville de Djenné a été inscrite au patrimoine mondial de l’humanité en 1988, ce qui a permis un essor touristique. Depuis, les programmes de développement proposés ont essentiellement visé à préserver le patrimoine architectural de la mosquée et des maisons traditionnelles. Or, ce sont les liens au patrimoine immatériel qui font aussi la richesse de Djenné, notamment les relations à l’islam. Les attentes des habitants et le respect des valeurs locales ne sont pas toujours faciles à concilier avec les activités touristiques et de restauration du patrimoine. Seule la prise en compte de toute la diversité patrimoniale, y compris de la dimension immatérielle du patrimoine, accompagnée d’une redistribution plus équitable des richesses créées, pourrait permettre au tourisme de se développer dans le cadre d’un développement durable, donnant aux populations de meilleures conditions de vie et permettant du même coup une marginalisation de l’islam radical.

Published
2014
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22. Wie sich das kulturelle Welterbe einer heiligen Stadt des Islam in Wert setzen lässt: Das Problem der touristischen Erschließung von Djenné in Mali

Author

Diama Cissouma Togola and Soufian Al Karjousli

Subjects
Kulturelles Erbe, immaterielles Kulturerbe, Tourismus, Islam, Djenné, Mali, Geography (General), G1-922, Recreation. Leisure, GV1-1860
Abstract

Die Altstadt von Djennéwurde 1988 als Weltkulturerbe anerkannt, was zu einem Aufschwung des Tourismus geführt hat. Seitdem haben die vorgeschlagenen Entwicklungsprogramme ausschließlich darauf abgezielt, das architektonische Erbe der Großen Moschee und der traditionellen Häuser zu erhalten. Nun sind es aber auch Aspekte des immateriellen Kulturerbes und insbesondere die Bezüge zum Islam, die den Reichtum von Djenné ausmachen. Manchmal ist es schwierig, die Erwartungen der Bewohner und den Respekt gegenüber lokalen Werten mit touristischen Aktivitäten und der Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes zu vereinbaren. Aber nur die Berücksichtigung der gesamten Vielfalt des kulturellen Erbes einschließlich dessen immaterieller Dimension, mit der auch eine ausgewogenere Umverteilung des mit dem Kulturerbe bestehenden wirtschaftlichen Potentials einhergeht, könnte es dem Tourismus erlauben, sich im Rahmen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu entfalten, so dass die Bevölkerung bessere Lebensbedingungen erhält und somit auch der radikale Islam eine Marginalisierung erfährt.

Published
2014
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23. Capture the wealth of heritage in a Holy City of Islam : the problem of developing tourism in Djenné in Mali

Author

Diama Cissouma Togola and Soufian Al Karjousli

Subjects
tourism, world heritage, intangible heritage, Islam, Djenné, Mali, Geography (General), G1-922, Recreation. Leisure, GV1-1860
Abstract

The old town of Djenné was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1988, which led to a boom in tourism. Since then, various development programmes have been proposed with the aim of preserving the architectural heritage of the mosque and traditional homes. These now form the links to intangible heritage which add to the richness of Djenné, including its relationship to Islam. It is sometimes difficult to make inhabitants’ expectations and respect for local values compatible with tourism and restoration projects. Only by taking into account the diversity in both tangible and intangible aspects of heritage, accompanied by a more equal redistribution of wealth, can tourism be allowed to develop in the context of sustainable development, leading to better living conditions for the population and the marginalization of radical Islam.

Published
2013
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24. Da África do Norte para a África Subsaariana -- Grupos radicais islâmicos no Mali e na Nigéria.

Author

Penna Filho, Pio

Subjects
*ISLAM, *JIHAD, *ISLAMIC fundamentalism, *INTERNATIONAL cooperation, SOCIAL aspects, MALIAN politics & government, 1991-, NIGERIAN politics & government, 2007-
Abstract

The aim of this article is to discuss the action of some radical Islamist movements that began operating in border areas between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, especially in two countries, Mali and Nigeria. The article analyzes the impacts that such movements cause for the international relations of these countries, putting the dilemma of foreign intervention in the case of Mali, or government responses in the case of Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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25. METRALHADORAS POR GUITARRAS: A MÚSICA DO MOVIMENTO TINARIWEN NA QUESTÃO GEOPOLÍTICA DO MALI.

Author

PICCHI, BRUNO

Subjects
*CULTURAL production, *CULTURAL movements, *MUSIC & society, MALIAN music
Abstract

The present article is a essay about the contemporary cultural production in the Mali Republic (Africa), having the Tinariwen group as its research object. Treated as a cultural movement, the Tinariwen is the direct result of many years of civil wars wich take place in the African countries, and its band members are former rebels from the minority tuareg. After signing a national pact in 1992, they changed their Kalishnikov machine guns for eletric guitars, trying, through music, to get the attention of the world to the problems of their country and Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

26. Mali, um Estado sub-representativo de sua sociedade.

Author

Macedo, Emiliano Unzer

Subjects
*MINES & mineral resources, *RADICALISM, *ISLAM, *CIVILIZATION, *HUMANITY
Abstract

This article examines the conditions for the actual crisis in Mali. The historic misrepresentation of northern regions in the government of Mali may elucidate the causes of the civil crisis that may be not sufficiently explained only in terms of strategy for mineral resources or spread of Islamic extremism in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

27. Civil-military coordination in the UN peacekeeping operation in Mali

Author

Parenti, Maria Carolina Chiquinatto [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Aguilar, Sérgio Luiz Cruz [UNESP]

Subjects
UN, ONU, Coordenação civil-militar, Peace operations, Mali, MINUSMA, Operações de paz, Civil-military coordination
Abstract

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No. of bitstreams: 1 parenti_mcc_me_mar.pdf: 1679157 bytes, checksum: 5579621b10c587ac32508883080aa10e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Submitted by Maria Carolina Chiquinatto Parenti (mc_parenti@hotmail.com) on 2020-03-23T15:29:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Carolina Chiquinatto Parenti - A coordenação civil-militar na operação de paz da ONU no Mali.pdf: 1679157 bytes, checksum: 5579621b10c587ac32508883080aa10e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2020-03-23T17:50:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 parenti_mcc_me_mar.pdf: 1679157 bytes, checksum: 5579621b10c587ac32508883080aa10e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-23T17:50:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parenti_mcc_me_mar.pdf: 1679157 bytes, checksum: 5579621b10c587ac32508883080aa10e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2020-03-23T17:50:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 parenti_mcc_me_mar.pdf: 1679157 bytes, checksum: 5579621b10c587ac32508883080aa10e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-23T17:50:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parenti_mcc_me_mar.pdf: 1679157 bytes, checksum: 5579621b10c587ac32508883080aa10e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) As operações de manutenção da paz da Organização das Nações Unidas surgiram no âmbito na Guerra Fria constituindo a solução encontrada pelos países-membros como a forma mais adequada de resolução de conflitos, a fim de alcançar uma paz duradoura. Dentre as funções exercidas pelos militares no âmbito das missões, destaca-se a coordenação civil-militar (CIMIC), que auxilia na interface entre os componentes civil e militar, e atores humanitários e de desenvolvimento para ajudar nos objetivos da missão. Considerando as operações de paz em andamento, tem-se em relevância o caso do Mali, país que enfrenta uma série de instabilidades e é palco de diversos conflitos. Com o prolongamento da violência no país, a ONU instituiu uma missão de paz em 2013 e que permanece até os dias atuais, a Missão Multidimensional Integrada das Nações Unidas de Estabilização no Mali (MINUSMA), que opera em um ambiente hostil, adotando uma postura agressiva. Tendo que a coordenação civil-militar é de extrema importância para que a missão possa cumprir seus objetivos e que ela constitui um aspecto fundamental que leva a operação de paz a ser eficaz, o presente trabalho analisa a CIMIC no contexto da MINUSMA. Utilizando-se do recorte temporal de 2013 até 2018, foram analisados o conflito no Mali e a MINUSMA, as atividades de coordenação civil-militar no país, que são realizadas com base na política de CIMIC da ONU, e os desafios existentes em sua realização. A CIMIC na MINUSMA é importante por conta das características da missão e da complexidade do conflito no Mali. United Nations peacekeeping operations emerged in the context of the Cold War as the solution found by the member states as the most appropriate form of conflict resolution in order to achieve lasting peace. Among the functions carried out by the military in the ambit of the missions, the civil-military coordination (CIMIC) stands out, which assists in the interface between the civilian and military components, and humanitarian and development actors to support in the objectives of the mission. Considering the peace operations in progress, there is the case of Mali, a country that faces a series of instabilities and is stage of many conflicts. With the prolongation of violence in the country, the UN has established a peace mission in 2013 and that remains to the current day, the United Nations Multidimensional Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), which operates in a hostile environment, adopting an aggressive posture. Taking into account that civil-military coordination is extremely important for the mission to fulfill its objectives and that it constitutes a fundamental aspect that makes the peace operation effective, the present research analyzes CIMIC in the context of MINUSMA. Using the period from 2013 to 2018, were analyzed the conflict in Mali and MINUSMA, the civil-military coordination activities in the country, which are carried out based on the UN CIMIC policy, and the challenges that exist in its accomplishment. CIMIC at MINUSMA is important because of the characteristics of the mission and the complexity of the conflict in Mali. CAPES: 001

Published
2020

28. A security actorness da União Europeia: análise do estudo de caso do Mali e reflexão prospectiva

Author

Ferreira, Vasco Henrique Marques Barreto de Castro, Xavier, Ana Isabel, and Brandão, Ana Paula

Subjects
União Europeia, Security and Defense, International Actor, Ator internacional, Ciências Sociais::Ciências Políticas [Domínio/Área Científica], European Union, Mali, Actorness, Segurança e Defesa
Abstract

O crescente grau de cooperação da União Europeia, em especial no campo da segurança e defesa, tem atraído a atenção da academia para a necessidade de definir que entidades devem ser classificadas como atores internacionais. Uma resposta a esta questão revestiria uma enorme importância para o estudo das Relações Internacionais, pois permitir-nos-ia saber a que entidades é possível aplicar teorias explicativas e modelos analíticos provenientes desta disciplina. Isto é de especial relevo quando considerado o propósito desta, que é precisamente o de estudar e explicar as interações entre atores internacionais no Sistema Internacional. Das diferentes abordagens propostas, uma das que mais interesse despertou na academia encontra-se no conceito de actorness, que define um ator internacional pela capacidade que uma entidade tem de agir como tal. Este conceito, embora trabalhado por diversos autores, tem sido alvo de discussão em torno de qual o melhor modelo de análise a usar na sua aplicação. A presente dissertação procurou validar a hipótese de que a UE agiu como um ator internacional de segurança na sua intervenção no Mali. Para tal, no primeiro capítulo, procedeu-se à exposição do estado da arte do conceito de actorness. Num segundo capítulo, apresentou-se uma definição e um modelo analítico de actorness composto pelos requisitos Vontade e Reconhecimento, sendo o primeiro constituído pelos componentes Capacidade Institucional e Procedimental, Autonomia e Âmbito de Atuação. No terceiro capítulo, aplicou-se este modelo de análise à UE, usando como estudo de caso a intervenção no Mali, com especial foco na operação EUTM Mali. Este capítulo termina com uma análise de resultados, onde se considerará validada a hipótese colocada, fruto do preenchimento, pela UE, dos requisitos propostos necessários para identificar que agiu como um ator de segurança internacional na sua intervenção no Mali. Refletindo sobre os resultados obtidos pela análise da intervenção da UE no Mali, o sucesso da EUTM Mali em demonstrar actorness por parte da UE, não excluí a existência de indícios do que poderíamos identificar como um estado de security actorness “intermitente”. Este parece consequência da inconsistência da Autonomia da UE nas áreas de segurança de defesa, decorrente da natureza intergovernamentalidade da PCSD e da iniciativa nacional dos Estados-Membros ao perseguir os seus interesses de política externa ultrapassando a UE, ou indo mais além, utilizando recursos comunitários para persecução dos seus objetivos estratégicos nacionais. The EU’s growing degree of cooperation, especially in the fields of security and defence, has attracted scholar’s attention to the question of which entities should be qualified as international actors. The answer to this question would have an enormous importance to the study of International Relations, enabling it would allow to pinpoint which entities to apply explanatory theories or frameworks of analysis developed by this field of social sciences, who's goal is precisely to study and explain the interactions between international actors in the international system. From the proposed approaches to meet this goal, one that has raised the most interest from the academia is the concept of actorness, defining an international actor for its capacity to act as such. This concept, although valued by several authors, has been prone to raise discussion over which framework of analysis with which to apply it. Having this in mind, the present paper proposes to validate the hypothesis of the EU has an international security actor. To do so, in the first chapter, we began by reviewing the main authors work and state of the art of the actorness concept, suggesting, in the second chapter, a definition and framework of analysis for actorness, composed by the requirements of Will and Recognition, the first one constituted by three components of Institutional and Procedural Capacity, Autonomy and Field of Action. In the third chapter, it was applied the suggested framework to the EU, using as case study its intervention in Mali, with a special emphasis on the EUTM Mali mission. This chapter concludes with the result’s analysis, where the hypothesis will be found to be validated, as a result of the fulfillment by the EU of the proposed requirements, wich identify that it acted as an international security actor. Reflecting on the results of the analysis of EU’s intervention in Mali, the success of the EUTM Mali to demonstrate actorness doesn’t exclude the remark that there seems to be indications that might imply an existing “intermittent” status of EU’s security actorness. This status seems the consequence of the inconsistencies of its Autonomy in the fields of security and defence, due to the intergovernmental nature of the CSDP and the national initiative of Member-States to pursue their external policy interests, surpassing the EU, or even, using community’s resources to achieve their own strategic national objectives.

Published
2018

29. O desencanto revolucionário e o anti-herói em contextos africanos: Amadou Hampâté Bâ e Paulina Chiziane

Author

Débora Leite David

Subjects
lcsh:French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature, Moçambique, lcsh:PC1-5498, lcsh:PQ1-3999, lcsh:Romanic languages, Pós-Independência, Anti-Herói, Romance. Mali. Moçambique. Anti-Herói. Pós-Independência, Mali, Romance
Abstract

Finda a euforia revolucionária com as independências africanas, novos projetos estéticos e literários surgem diante de um contexto social e histórico que traz tristeza e desilusões pela frustração na realização das utopias revolucionárias. Os golpes de estado e as ditaduras que se multiplicam pelos espaços africanos independentes ensejam a personagem do anti-herói nos romances publicados nessa fase pós-independência, como ocorre nas obras L´Étrange Destin de Wangrin, de Amadou Hampâté Bâ e Ventos do apocalipse, de Paulina Chiziane. Entretanto, a reconstrução dessa imagem heroica, no âmbito da distopia revolucionária, indica que a figura do herói não é um molde pronto e acabado. Trata-se de uma construção contínua, segundo Peter Burke, que se atualiza com as necessidades de uma sociedade, modelando-se a partir de protótipos ancestrais.

Published
2016

30. O Sahel no contexto da segurança europeia

Author

Pinto, Ana Santos

Subjects
Segurança europeia, Segurança regional, Sahel (Deserto do Saara), Líbia, Instabilidade política, Mali, Ameaças, Mediterrâneo
Abstract

Submitted by filomena botelho (filomena.botelho@defesa.pt) on 2015-02-23T12:37:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 idnbrief_maio2014.pdf: 554598 bytes, checksum: 6f8e4e225c267e81a7f4615717cecf25 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-23T12:37:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 idnbrief_maio2014.pdf: 554598 bytes, checksum: 6f8e4e225c267e81a7f4615717cecf25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05

Published
2014

31. Considerações sobre as tradições orais malianas : constantes e evoluções

Author

Tamari, Tal, Centre d'Etudes des Mondes Africains (CEMAf), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jonuel Gonçalves, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, traditions orales, Afrique de l'Ouest, mandingue, Guinée, historiographie, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Mali, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, sources arabes médiévales, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Traduction portugaise de mon article paru en 2005 : « Les appréciations portées sur les traditions orales maliennes : constantes et évolutions », pp. 259-278 in GEMDEV et Université du Mali, Mali-France. Regards sur une histoire partagée. Paris : Karthala.; International audience

Published
2014

32. A União Europeia e a responsabilidade de proteger: discurso e acção

Author

Viana, João Sá Lima Pacheco, Vieira, Alena Vysotskaya Guedes, Pereira, Laura Cristina Ferreira, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Responsabilidade de proteger, Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão, Responsibility to protect, Política externa e de segurança comum (PESC), Libya, Mali, União Europeia, 061.1UE [327], Common foreign and security policy (CFSP), Common security and defence policy (CSDP), 061.1UE:327, Líbia, European Union, Economia e Gestão [Ciências Sociais], 327 [061.1UE], 327:061.1UE, Política comum de segurança e defesa (PCSD)
Abstract

Dissertação de mestrado em Relações Internacionais, Nos últimos anos assistimos, um pouco por todo o mundo - mas no Médio Oriente com uma dimensão particularmente alarmante - à eclosão de conflitos com uma característica em comum. Tratam-se de conflitos ligados à insurreição de populações que viveram à sombra de governos autoritários. Estes mantinham-se no poder há décadas e exerciam o seu direito de governar sem olhar aos direitos dos próprios cidadãos. Com o eclodir do que hoje conhecemos como ‘Primavera Árabe’, assistimos à luta das populações pelo respeito por parte dos governantes dos seus direitos e liberdades fundamentais. A Responsabilidade de Proteger, hoje um princípio adotado pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas e pelo seu Conselho de Segurança, surgiu em resposta a experiências de falhanço da comunidade internacional em impedir ou fazer cessar casos extremos de violações maciças e sistemáticas dos direitos humanos (por exemplo Ruanda em 1994 e Srebenica em 1995). Essa dissertação tem como principal objetivo estudar este novo conceito, ainda em evolução, tomando como objeto de estudo a União Europeia, o que permitirá tirar elações sobre a sua expansão e aceitação, quer em termos de discurso, quer em termos de implementação estratégica do mesmo, designadamente no âmbito da Política Externa e de Segurança Comum/Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa. Embora se identifique a presença deste conceito no discurso da União Europeia, e esta instituição defenda o conceito, esta dissertação demonstra que não ocorreu uma transposição do conceito para a ação estratégica da União Europeia no âmbito da Política Externa e de Segurança Comum/Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa. Em termos gerais, esta tese demonstra, através do estudo dos casos das intervenções na Líbia e no Mali, que a União Europeia não foi capaz de espelhar o apoio a este conceito na sua ação estratégica. Isto deveu-se, em grande medida, às divergências entre os principais Estados-membros da União Europeia, que mostraram ter visões incompatíveis no que toca ao uso coercivo da força, e mais concretamente quanto à implementação do princípio da Responsabilidade de Proteger., In recent years we have witnessed, all over the world - but in the Middle East with a particularly alarming dimension - the outbreak of conflicts with a common characteristic. These are conflicts related to the insurrection of populations that lived in the shadow of authoritarian governments. The latter remained in power for decades, exercising their right to rule without regard to the rights of its own citizens. With the outbreak of what came to be known as the ‘Arab Spring’, we have witnessed the struggle of peoples for respect of their fundamental rights and freedoms. The Responsibility to Protect, now a principle adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations and its Security Council, emerged in response to experiences of failure of the international community in preventing or bringing to an end extreme cases of massive and systematic violations of human rights (such as Rwanda in 1994 and Srebrenica in 1995). This thesis aims to study this new concept taking as its object of study the European Union, in order to allow one to draw conclusions about the expansion and acceptance of this principle, both in terms of speech, and in terms of strategic implementation of the same, particularly within the Common Foreign and Security Policy/Common Security and Defence Policy. While identifying the presence, acceptance and defence of this concept in the discourse of the European Union, this dissertation demonstrates that there has been no transposition of the concept to European Union’s strategic action under Common Foreign and Security Policy/Common Security and Defence Policy. The study of the cases the interventions in Libya and Mali allows to conclude that the European Union has not been able to match its discursive support with a respective strategic action. This was largely due to differences between the major European Union Member States, which have showed to have incompatible visions with regard to the coercive use of force in general, and the implementation of the principle of the Responsibility to Protect in particular.

Published
2014

33. Crises et chuchotements au Sahel.

Author

Bonnecase, Vincent and Brachet, Julien

Abstract

L'Afrique sahélienne est aujourd'hui une région en crise. Dans ce dossier, on propose de déplacer le regard porté sur les seuls faits saillants qui mettent actuellement en lumière l'Afrique sahélienne, pour interroger ces 'crises' à l'aune de la vie quotidienne des populations, ainsi qu'à celle des pratiques habituelles des acteurs institutionnels et des effets des politiques qu'ils mettent en uvre. Contributions: Les "crises sahéliennes" entre perceptions locales et gestions internationales (introduction au thème par Vincent Bonnecase et Julien Brachet); Le court terme de la légitimité: prises de position, rumeurs et perceptions entre janvier et septembre 2012 `a Bamako (Julien Gavelle, Johanna Siméant, Laure Traoré); La gestion des migrations de retour, un paramètre négligé de la grille d'analyse de la crise malienne (Daouda Gary-Tounkara); De quoi la crise démographique au Sahel est-elle le nom? (Barbara M. Cooper, notamment sur le Niger); Politique des prix, vie chère et contestation sociale à Niamey: quels répertoires locaux de la colère? (Vincent Bonnecase); La guerre au Darfour au prisme des alliances du mouvement islamique: retour sur quelques trajectoires d'hommes d'affaires zaghawa (Raphaelle Chevrillon-Guibert); Les origines et la transformation de l'insurrection de Boko Haram dans le nord du Nigéria (Adam Higazi). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

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