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ABSTRACT: Pythiosis is a life-threatening disease that affects various species and is prevalent in regions with high humidity. The ailment is increasingly reported globally, and in Brazil, it is an important cause of profound economic and health losses in equines. This study aimed to explore the potential of intradermal immunotherapy as both a diagnostic and therapeutic approach for pythiosis in horses from the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The horses were divided into three groups: those never diagnosed with pythiosis or with lesions that could be mistaken for pythiosis (Group 1); previously infected but successfully treated horses (Group 2); and horses with a positive diagnosis for pythiosis that were under treatment (Group 3). An immunotherapeutic product (PitiumVac®) was administered intradermally. Injection site reaction and response to immunotherapy were assessed. The results indicated that intradermal immunotherapy could be a viable diagnostic and therapeutic tool, particularly in remote areas where traditional laboratory diagnosis methods are not readily accessible. The efficacy of intradermal administration was comparable to that of subcutaneous administration in treating pythiosis in horses, and the combined use of immunotherapy and triamcinolone acetonide yielded promising results for treating pythiosis in horses. However, further research is required to validate these findings. This study contributes to understanding and managing pythiosis more efficiently by providing a simple, cost-effective, and potentially efficient alternative approach to diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: There is limited evidence about the cross-cultural validity of autistic symptoms in school-aged children in Brazil. We used data from a large school survey to evaluate the factor structure of autism symptoms in community-dwelling children and adolescents. Methods: We translated the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test to Brazilian Portuguese and performed factor analyses to investigate the factor structure of parent-reported autistic symptoms in a large sample (n=8,571) of children/adolescents from a school survey in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Results: Autistic symptoms were best conceptualized under a correlated-factors model with two factors: one predominantly characterized by social-communication symptoms and the other by symptoms of inflexible/restricted language, behaviors, and interests. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that the structure of autistic symptoms in Brazil is similar to that described in other countries, indicating the cross-cultural validity of autism in Brazil.

ABSTRACT The development of the Internet and the technologies associated with it has allowed disseminating and cheapening of communication equipment, prototyping services, electronic sensors, and all types of devices. Agriculture has benefited from these technological advances to boost its productivity and profitability. This study presents the development of a data acquisition and device control platform to obtain, in real-time and remotely, information from the field for decision-making and process automation. All electronic components are low-cost and “open hardware”, and the software is “open-source”. The developed platform was validated during a development cycle of two lettuce varieties (Japanese and crisp), in which the soil water matric potential was monitored at two depths (10 and 25 cm), while solar irradiation, air temperature, and soil temperature were evaluated only to monitor the cycle. The platform automatically and satisfactorily controlled the applied irrigation depths using only the data of matric potential by activating a solenoid valve and made the information from the sensors available on the ThingSpeak Internet of Things (IoT) platform.

Electrical and magnetic brain stimulation techniques present distinct mechanisms and efficacy in the acute treatment of depression. This was an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of brain stimulation techniques for managing acute major depressive episodes. A systematic review was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE databases from inception until March 2020. We included the English language meta-analysis with the most randomized controlled trials on the effects of any brain stimulation technique vs. control in adults with an acute depressive episode. Continuous and dichotomous outcomes were assessed. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2 was applied and the credibility of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Seven meta-analyses were included (5,615 patients), providing evidence for different modalities of brain stimulation techniques. Three meta-analyses were evaluated as having high methodological quality, three as moderate, and one as low. The highest quality of evidence was found for high frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation, and bilateral rTMS. There is strong clinical research evidence to guide future clinical use of some techniques. Our results confirm the heterogeneity of the effects across these techniques, indicating that different mechanisms of action lead to different efficacy profiles.

ABSTRACT Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a promising tool for technology development and transfer and for the economic success of the agricultural sector. The objective of this study is to assess the validity of biomass estimation in a commercial maize plantation using aerial images obtained by a UAV. The proposed methodology involved analyzing images acquired in scheduled flights, processing orthophoto (georeferenced image) data, evaluating digital terrain elevation models, and assessing the quality of dense point clouds. Data were collected using two cameras, one with a 16-megapixel flat lens and the other with a 12-megapixel fish-eye lens coupled to a UAV, at two flight altitudes (30 and 60 meters) over hybrid maize (AG1051) crop irrigated by center pivot in the municipality of Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil. Crop biomass was estimated in 1 m2 plots sampled randomly, and data were validated by interpreting aerial images of target areas. The measurements of biomass using UAV-based aerial images were promising. The estimated values were more accurate using the fish-eye lens at 30 m altitude, corresponding to 2.97 kg m-2, which is very close to the values measured in the field (2.92 kg m-2).

Los cambios que se están afrontando en esta nueva era digital, tales como el reemplazo del material impreso por el digital, el acceso restringido a al acceso abierto de la información, compras y ventas por internet, entre otros. Igualmente está cambiando la forma de publicar el conocimiento científico, lo que sin duda ha contribuido con un mejoramiento en la divulgación del conocimiento, lo que ha visto reflejado en los últimos años en el incremento de la publicación científica inmediata y disponible para los cibernautas de una manera mucho más rápida y expedita (1).

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lumbar myelography on subarachnoid pressure, cardiorespiratory parameters and pressure-volume index in sheep. Eight sheep were evaluated. The animals were submitted to puncture of the cisterna magna for monitoring of subarachnoid pressure (SaP). Lumbar myelography was performed through applying Iohexol (0.4mL/kg). ToC, PAS, PAD, MAP, InspISO, FeISO, SaP and CPP were recorded immediately after anesthetic stabilization (M0), during lumbar puncture (M1), and two, four and six minutes after contrast application (M2, M3 and M4, respectively). Blood pressure initially increased, then decreased, returning to basal level, similarly observed for InspISo and FeISo. The SaP rose initially thereafter remaining stable. Despite of the effect on subarachnoid pressure, lumbar myelography can be considered safe in sheep.

Road networks cause great impacts on the environment, from the direct mortality of wild animals that are hit by moving vehicles to the reduction of connectivity in the landscape and the isolation of natural populations. In Colombia, studies on wildlife roadkill are incipient, and there are still many gaps in the generation of primary information, especially on the roads of the Caribbean coast. For this reason, we selected two road stretches in the Colombian Caribbean region: 1) Isla Salamanca National Natural Park highway (45 km) and 2) Tayrona National Natural Park highway (34 km). On both roads, monthly trips were made on board a vehicle at a maximum speed of 30 km/h during 5 months, between October 2016 and January 2017. We recorded a total of 208 roadkills (46 identified species), being reptiles and mammals the most affected groups in segments 1 and 2, respectively. Finally, we calculated the roadkill rate (TA) for each species. The species Boa constrictor and Procyon cancrivorus stand out because they obtained highest TA values reported in Latin America

The species M. esculenta presents great genetic variability that makes its study difficult because it must be evaluated not only for its varietal behavior but also for its response to the environment where it occurs. For this research, the physiological behavior of cassava was evaluatedin three of the most cultivated varieties in the department of Sucre: MCOL 2066 (Chirosa: industrial and edible use), MCOL 2215 (Venezolana: edible use) and M- Tai 8 (M-Tai: industrial use), under the environmental offer of the tropical dry forest, a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Plant height (AP), stem diameter (DT), number of leaves (NH), diameter of tuberous roots (DR), photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (GS), transpiration (E), accumulation and distribution were evaluated. dry mass and harvest index (CI). The evaluations were carried out at 90, 270, 315 and 360 days after sowing (DDS). The M-Tai variety presented the most favorable results, an earlier growth and development in the first stages of the crop (90 DDS) expressed in a larger size and greater accumulation of biomass with an average of 198.51 gr of dry matter. At crop date 270, 315 and 360 DDS no differences were observed between variables of gas exchange and biomass accumulation and distribution, presenting average values of 130 mmol H2O m-2 s-1, 17.87 μmoles CO2m-2 s-1 and 1.99 mmol H2O m-2 s-1 for GS, PN and E respectively, and with values around 55% for IC.

Con el objeto de analizar y describir la morfometría y dinámica de la barrera medanosa e islas de barrera del partido de Patagones, se utilizaron imágenes satelitales Landsat y CBERS de diferentes períodos, así como fotografías aéreas escala 1:20.000 e imágenes radar ALOS Palsar. Siguiendo procedimientos analógicos y digitales se lograron establecer los procesos evolutivos relacionados con la configuración de ambas barreras. La variación de los vientos y precipitaciones incidieron en un menor volumen de material sedimentario que indujeron cambios en la morfología de dunas. Los vientos de mayor velocidad, principalmente del SO y O, determinaron un potencial de deriva de arena relativa superior a 400, principalmente hacia el NE. Las tasas de migración promedio de dunas alcanzaron valores máximos de 9 m a-1, superando las estimadas en otros sectores costeros de Provincia de Buenos Aires, y aumentando su movilidad durante la primavera. Una gran variedad de formas parabólicas (simples, y compuestas) fueron descriptas en el sector comprendido entre punta Redonda y punta Rasa con una relación largo-ancho mayor a 3 para dunas parabólicas simples elongadas. En este sector se estimó un aumento en la fijación natural de dunas de 772 ha durante el lapso 1989-2005. En las cercanías de San Blas los médanos barjanoides libres se mueven hacia el E, mientras que existen otros médanos vegetados que cubren mayor superficie. Las islas de barrera del norte están relacionadas a un menor transporte litoral y al aumento del prisma de mareas que incrementó la estabilidad de los canales de mareas.

La actual pandemia afectó a más de 180 países en menos de seis meses, perjudicando a gran parte del sistema hospitalario mundial, al igual que la economía, impactada esta por el cierre del tráfico aéreo y marítimo en los cinco continentes. Estos acontecimientos, ocasionaron el cierre de la producción industrial y por consiguiente las cadenas de suministros, generando una pobreza a niveles insospechados (1), sin dejar de lado la desinformación de lo ocurrido, lo que también originó colateralmente una infodemia (epidemia informativa colectiva).

Abstract. Mass production of lacewings is still a bottleneck for applied biological control and for biofactories producing natural enemies, due to the difficulties of large-scale production and the cost of the undertaking and the production of their alternative prey. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of an alternative artificial diet to rearing of Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Three treatments were analyzed for this purpose, consisting of: 1) natural diet - eggs of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1866) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), 2) artificial diet honey + beer yeast (1:1) and 3) natural diet (1) + artificial diet (2), and were offered to the larval stage of the predator. The biological parameters of C. cincta evaluated where: duration of larval, pupal and adult phases; pupal weight; pupal viability; sex ratio; pre-oviposition and oviposition periods and number of eggs per female. Were obtained adults only in the treatments 1 and 3 and, in the treatment 2 no insect reached the pupal stage. The results obtained demonstrated that the artificial diet, when offered in isolation, causes significant differences in the duration of the larval period, especially in the 3rd instar, and in the weight of the pupae, with the other similar parameters in the treatments, but can serve as a nutritional supplement.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of variations in organic load (hydraulic retention times - HRTs: from 2 to 0.5 day) and in alkalinity (NaHCO3 from 4,000 to 1,000 mg.L−1) on methane production. Biomass of sewage sludge was inoculated and stabilized on 1" polypropylene rings. The rings were immersed in the liquid phase (8.41 L) of an upflow anaerobic filter reactor (12.22 L). A solution of 5 g of whole milk powder per liter was used to simulate effluent from the dairy industry. Process effectiveness was measured by chemical oxygen demand reduction, biogas production, and biogas methane content. Biogas production started at a 2-day HRT and synthetic effluent alkalinization with 4,000 mg.L−1 NaHCO3. The best operation condition was at 1-day HRT and with the addition of 4,000 mg.L−1 NaHCO3. Biogas production reached 1.5 NL of biogas per L of reactor liquid phase, with 68% of methane and a concomitant reduction in COD of 57%.

Entre 1966 y 1968 Jacques Lacan recurrió a diferentes soportes filosóficos, matemáticos y lógicos para presentar en su Seminario una serie de operaciones que tienen efectos en la constitución subjetiva y que, al mismo tiempo, permiten delinear el recorrido de un análisis. En el presente texto, procuraremos reconstruir y analizar los aspectos principales de dicho esquema operatorio a partir del análisis de varias clases de los Seminarios XIV, La lógica del fantasma, y XV, El acto analítico, así como también de una serie de escritos contemporáneos. Para ello, partiremos de la lectura particular que Lacan realiza del cogito cartesiano, para luego abordar las operaciones propuestas y sus respectivos efectos.

The reservoir simulation is a tool which had been evolving at the same time than the petroleum industry; its main purpose is to predict the behavior of a reservoir and afterward finding the optimum scenario in order to increase the oil recovery. However, numerical simulation studies could be very expensive because factors such as grid size and detail of the study to develop (It is associated to long computational and analysis times). Furthermore the time it would take to evaluate multiple possible scenarios to define the best exploration strategy. For this reason, field engineers use statistical tools during numerical simulation studies oriented to history match, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis, optimization and forecasting. One of these statistical tools is the Proxy model, it appears as an alternative to reduce computational times which does not need a high accuracy grade in the results. This article looks for a reader contextualization about the meaning of Proxy model and its value during reservoir simulation studies, and also to present an application study.

Design, Vehicles' Ergonomics, ComfortThe present paper analyses the relationship between design and comfort among pilots of Baja SAE competitionvehicles. The results indicate that differences between the two models under evaluation, affected the room available to use the control-panel, the driver's posture, and consequently; the comfort in the cockpit. The paper ends by recommending changes in the design to improve its ergonomic aspects.

Clothing is an object that is in direct contact with the body, and when poorly designed can limit the individual in the daily activities, thus considering the usability of the product. This article aims to highlight the analysis of user tasks during the development of the fashion product design, showing in which steps the knowledge of movements performed by man shall be inserted. By showing stages, from research and creation until modeling, at which begins the construction of the product, it is remarkable the influence of ergonomics and anthropometry in the process, and the knowledge of the human body in its entirety is essential for the construction of clothing. For this, a literature review was performed to unite the concepts necessary to achieve the objective of the work. The subjects covered are intended to educate the fashion designer as understanding the user's activities will influence the quality of the designed product.

A palynological atlas of the middle San Eugenio river drainage (Risaralda), Colombia is presented in order to established points of reference for future palynological studies of the Colombian Andes during the quaternary period. The study species were selected from two forest patches used RAP methods, one a forest fragment and the other section of riparian forest. In addition, we completed the list by including information contained in floristics surveys that were conducted near this study area. The pollen samples were processed and described using conventional methods of acetolysis and light microscopy. In total, 31 plant species distributed in 16 families that are characteristic of sub-Andean forests were described. The sites studied were characterized as disturbed forest fragments with successional vegetative elements. In addition, polen grains from domesticated species such as Manihot esculenta, Phaseolus sp., and Zea mays were included.

Resumo: A avaliação da epífora pode ser feita por exames clínicos, testes de excreção lacrimal, exames contrastados, como avaliação radiológica e estudo tomográfico; estes dois últimos permitem análise minuciosa das estruturas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a via lacrimal excretora com uso de radiografia e tomografia computadorizada contrastadas, feitas em animais com epífora, comparando-se com animais sadios, sem essa afecção. Foram utilizados 20 cães, de raças e pelagens variadas, machos e fêmeas, com peso de 1 a 20 kg, com 0,7 a 8 anos de idade, apresentando epífora (grupo epífora - GE). Como grupo de controle (GC), foram utilizados 15 cães, sem alterações clínicas de drenagem do sistema lacrimonasal de raças e pelagens variadas, machos e fêmeas, pesando 1 a 20 kg, com 0,7 a 8 anos. Foi proposta a divisão do sistema de drenagem lacrimal em quatro regiões. Na região 1, o GE teve 29 (76,3%) animais com dilatação visibilizada pelo R-X e 32 (84,2%) pela TC; no GC, 4 (12,5%) no R-X e 1 (3,1%) na TC demonstraram dilatação. Na região 3, 13 (34,2%) cães evidenciaram dilatação do DLN no R-X e 14 (36,8%) na TC; e 21 (55,3%) comunicação do ducto lacrimonasal com o seio nasal pelo R-X e 28 (73,7%) pela TC. Já no GC, 15 (46,9%) pelo R-X e 22 (68,7%) pela TC possuíam comunicação do ducto lacrimonasal com o seio nasal. Concluiu-se que: dilatações também podem ser observadas em alguns cães sem sinal clínico da afecção; comunicação do ducto lacrimonasal com o seio nasal não indica alteração causadora de epífora, pois está presente em animais com e sem afecção; os dados do presente estudo confirmam que o exame DCG por si pode dar importantes informações, de forma semelhante à TC, devendo-se recorrer à ela apenas quando houver dúvidas sobre lesões ósseas, fraturas e corpos estranhos não detectados pelo primeiro.

Objective: Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the non-psychotomimetic compounds of Cannabis sativa, causes anxiolytic-like effects in animals, with typical bell-shaped dose-response curves. No study, however, has investigated whether increasing doses of this drug would also cause similar curves in humans. The objective of this study was to compare the acute effects of different doses of CBD and placebo in healthy volunteers performing a simulated public speaking test (SPST), a well-tested anxiety-inducing method. Method: A total of 57 healthy male subjects were allocated to receive oral CBD at doses of 150 mg (n=15), 300 mg (n=15), 600 mg (n=12) or placebo (n=15) in a double-blind procedure. During the SPST, subjective ratings on the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) and physiological measures (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate) were obtained at six different time points. Results: Compared to placebo, pretreatment with 300 mg of CBD significantly reduced anxiety during the speech. No significant differences in VAMS scores were observed between groups receiving CBD 150 mg, 600 mg and placebo. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the anxiolytic-like properties of CBD and are consonant with results of animal studies describing bell-shaped dose-response curves. Optimal therapeutic doses of CBD should be rigorously determined so that research findings can be adequately translated into clinical practice.

Background:The ACUITY and CRUSADE scores are validated models for prediction of major bleeding events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the comparative performances of these scores are not known.Objective:To compare the accuracy of ACUITY and CRUSADE in predicting major bleeding events during ACS.Methods:This study included 519 patients consecutively admitted for unstable angina, non-ST-elevation or ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The scores were calculated based on admission data. We considered major bleeding events during hospitalization and not related to cardiac surgery, according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria (type 3 or 5: hemodynamic instability, need for transfusion, drop in hemoglobin ≥ 3 g, and intracranial, intraocular or fatal bleeding).Results:Major bleeding was observed in 31 patients (23 caused by femoral puncture, 5 digestive, 3 in other sites), an incidence of 6%. While both scores were associated with bleeding, ACUITY demonstrated better C-statistics (0.73, 95% CI = 0.63 - 0.82) as compared with CRUSADE (0.62, 95% CI = 0.53 - 0.71; p = 0.04). The best performance of ACUITY was also reflected by a net reclassification improvement of + 0.19 (p = 0.02) over CRUSADE’s definition of low or high risk. Exploratory analysis suggested that the presence of the variables ‘age’ and ‘type of ACS’ in ACUITY was the main reason for its superiority.Conclusion:The ACUITY Score is a better predictor of major bleeding when compared with the CRUSADE Score in patients hospitalized for ACS.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma metodologia de automatização do processo de coleta e disponibilização de dados meteorológicos. Esta metodologia faz o uso de uma linguagem de scripts para definir as ações a serem executadas desde a coleta dos dados na estação climática, passando pelo seu processamento e finalizando com o envio dos dados processados para publicação em um site na internet. Os dados meteorológicos temperatura, umidade, velocidade do vento, chuva, radiação e evapotranspiração disponibilizados no site permitem aos produtores e pesquisadores analisar as variações climáticas, auxiliando assim em tomadas de decisão mais eficientes. O resultado obtido é o fornecimento sem custos de informações importantes e de qualidade sobre o clima.

In order to evaluate a set of electrical and optical properties by using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), at level of theory B3LYP/6-31G(d), the 4N-substituted [1,2,4]-Triazole (TAZ) oligomers and substituted derivatives were studied using cyano, amino, methyl and fluoro functional groups. Additionally, specific properties were theoretically evaluated, namely electronic and geometrical properties, excitation energies, λmax, and the HOMO-LUMO orbital of the different oligomers TAZ with repeated units of 4 to 20 rings. These properties were extrapolated to polymer by using a second order polynomial fit. The oligomers studied exhibited a high molecular planarity, favoring electronic delocalization. Thus, an increase of the monomeric units in the different TAZ oligomers and their corresponding substituents led to an improvement in these properties, showing the best results for the cyano group. The findings contribute to the design of charge carrier polymeric materials and photoluminescent devices (OLEDs).

O vestuário é um objeto que está em contato direto com o corpo, sendo que quando mal projetado pode limitar o indivíduo, principalmente quanto à usabilidade do produto. O artigo visa realçar a análise das tarefas do usuário durante o desenvolvimento do projeto de produto de moda, demonstrando em quais etapas o conhecimento dos movimentos realizados pelo homem devem estar inseridos. Ao evidenciar as fases do projeto até a modelagem, momento em que é iniciada a construção do produto, é notável a influência da ergonomia e antropometria nesse processo, sendo que o conhecimento do corpo humano em sua totalidade é essencial para a construção da roupa. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica para unir os conceitos necessários a fim de concretizar o objetivo do trabalho. Os assuntos abordados têm como finalidade conscientizar o designer de moda do quanto a compreensão das atividades do usuário influenciará na qualidade do produto projetado.

Background: The TIMI Score for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was created and validated specifically for this clinical scenario, while the GRACE score is generic to any type of acute coronary syndrome. Objective: Between TIMI and GRACE scores, identify the one of better prognostic performance in patients with STEMI. Methods: We included 152 individuals consecutively admitted for STEMI. The TIMI and GRACE scores were tested for their discriminatory ability (C-statistics) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow) in relation to hospital death. Results: The TIMI score showed equal distribution of patients in the ranges of low, intermediate and high risk (39 %, 27 % and 34 %, respectively), as opposed to the GRACE Score that showed predominant distribution at low risk (80 %, 13 % and 7%, respectively). Case-fatality was 11%. The C-statistics of the TIMI score was 0.87 (95%CI = 0.76 to 0.98), similar to GRACE (0.87, 95%CI = 0.75 to 0.99) - p = 0.71. The TIMI score showed satisfactory calibration represented by χ2 = 1.4 (p = 0.92), well above the calibration of the GRACE score, which showed χ2 = 14 (p = 0.08). This calibration is reflected in the expected incidence ranges for low, intermediate and high risk, according to the TIMI score (0 %, 4.9 % and 25 %, respectively), differently to GRACE (2.4%, 25% and 73%), which featured middle range incidence inappropriately. Conclusion: Although the scores show similar discriminatory capacity for hospital death, the TIMI score had better calibration than GRACE. These findings need to be validated populations of different risk profiles.

Introducción: La tuberculosis continúa siendo un problema en salud pública con alta carga de la enfermedad. El efecto del estigma en el control de la TBC es desconocido porque se han realizado pocos estudios formales sobre el tema. Objetivo: Desarrollar un instrumento para medir el estigma hacia la TBC. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de evaluación de tecnología diagnóstica, con diseño del instrumento bajo las recomendaciones de Wolfe y Smith, basados en el modelo de análisis Rasch. Resultados: Se diseñó un instrumento con 35 ítems, que presentaron una adecuada comprensión por parte de las personas evaluadas. Conclusiones: El instrumento diseñado contribuirá en la medición de este constructo y en la comprensión de sus efectos en el control de la TBC

A prótese valvar cardíaca indiscutivelmente melhora a qualidade de vida e a sobrevida de pacientes com valvulopatias severas, mas a necessidade de uma terapia antitrombótica para prevenir complicações tromboembólicas promove grandes desafios aos clínicos e aos seus pacientes. Dos artigos pesquisados, a maioria foi composta de séries retrospectivas de casos ou de coortes históricas extraídas de banco de dados. Os raros estudos randomizados publicados não apresentaram poder estatístico para se avaliar o desfecho primário de morte ou evento tromboembólico. Neste artigo, optamos por realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura, tentando responder a seguinte pergunta: qual a melhor estratégia antitrombótica nos três primeiros meses após implante de bioprótese valvar cardíaca (mitral e aórtica)? Após aplicar-se os critérios de extração por dois revisores, encontrou-se 1968 referências, selecionando-se 31 artigos (foram excluídos artigos truncados, que combinaram prótese mecânica, ou sem follow-up). Baseado nesta revisão de literatura, observou-se um baixo nível de evidência para qualquer estratégia terapêutica antitrombótica avaliada. Sendo assim, é interessante utilizar aspirina 75 a 100 mg/dia como estratégia antitrombótica após implante de bioprótese na posição aórtica, independente da etiologia, para pacientes sem outros fatores de risco, como fibrilação atrial ou evento tromboembólico anterior. Já para o implante de bioprótese na posição mitral, o risco de embolia, apesar de baixo, é mais relevante do que na posição aórtica, segundo as séries publicadas e coortes retrospectivas composta principalmente de pacientes idosos não reumáticos.

FUNDAMENTO: A hipertensão arterial pulmonar associada à esquistossomose (HPAE) é uma grande preocupação no mundo todo. No entanto, o papel de fatores contribuintes específicos do gênero em HPAE é desconhecido. OBJETIVO: Investigamos os valores da pressão arterial pulmonar sistólica (PAPS) e a presença de elevação grave na PAPS relacionado ao gênero, presença de menopausa e histórico de gravidez em pacientes com HPAE. MÉTODOS: Setenta e nove pacientes diagnosticados com HPAE de 2000 a 2009 foram avaliados e 66 foram incluídos no estudo. As informações referentes à idade, status da menopausa, gravidez, PAPS derivada da ecocardiografia, e pressão arterial pulmonar média invasiva (PAPm) foram coletadas de registros médicos. A relação entre os valores de PAPS e PAPm e a correlação para doença grave foram avaliados. Os modelos de regressão avaliaram a associação de gênero, status da menopausa e histórico de gravidez com valores de PAPS e a presença de PAPS severa. RESULTADOS: Houve correlação moderada entre PAPm e PAPS, com boa concordância para classificação de doença grave. Os valores de PAPS foram semelhantes para homens e mulheres. Uma tendência a valores maiores de PAPS foi encontrada para mulheres não menopausadas em comparação a homens. Valores superiores de PAPS foram encontrados para mulheres menopausadas em comparação a mulheres não menopausadas; os valores não foram significativos após o ajuste de idade. O histórico de gravidez não teve relação com a PAPS. Presença de menopausa e passado de gravidez não mostraram associação com valores de PAPS. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com HPAE, nem o gênero, nem o status da menopausa nem o histórico de gravidez apresentou uma correlação independente com valores de HPAE avaliados pela ecocardiografia.

The solid state polymerization (SSP) of PET/PC reactive extrusion blends - with and without cobalt catalyst - at different polymer ratios was studied. Thermal and rheological evaluations were performed. DSC results showed changes in the PET's Tg, Tch, Tm and Xc.. The melt flow rate (MFR) decreased for PET and the blends. The intrinsic viscosity increased. The variation in calorimetric and rheological properties might be attributed to the PET's chain extension reactions - esterification and transesterification. These reactions led to an increase in the PET's molar mass, consequently shifting the PET's Tg to lower temperature and PET's crystallization, besides reducing the blend miscibility and flowability.

Abstract Background: The importance of coronary anatomy in predicting cardiovascular events is well known. The use of traditional anatomical scores in routine angiography, however, has not been incorporated to clinical practice. SYNTAX score (SXscore) is a scoring system that estimates the anatomical extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). Its ability to predict outcomes based on a baseline diagnostic angiography has not been tested to date. Objective: To evaluate the performance of the SXscore in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients referred for diagnostic angiography. Methods: Prospective cohort of 895 patients with suspected CAD referred for elective diagnostic coronary angiography from 2008 to 2011, at a university-affiliated hospital in Brazil. They had their SXscores calculated and were stratified in three categories: no significant CAD (n = 495), SXscoreLOW-INTERMEDIATE: < 23 (n = 346), and SXscoreHIGH: ≥ 23 (n = 54). Primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and late revascularization. Secondary endpoints were the components of MACE and death from any cause. Results: On average, patients were followed up for 1.8 ± 1.4 years. The primary outcome occurred in 2.2%, 15.3%, and 20.4% in groups with no significant CAD, SXscoreLOW-INTERMEDIATE, and SXscoreHIGH, respectively (p < 0.001). All-cause death was significantly higher in the SXscoreHIGH compared with the 'no significant CAD' group, 16.7% and 3.8% (p < 0.001), respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors, all outcomes remained associated with the SXscore. Conclusions: SXscore independently predicts MACE in patients submitted to diagnostic coronary angiography. Its routine use in this setting could identify patients with worse prognosis.

The morphometrics of the honey bee Apis mellifera L., 1758 has been widely studied mainly because this species has great ecological importance, high adaptation capacity, wide distribution and capacity to effectively adapt to different regions. The current study aimed to investigate the morphometric variations of wings and pollen baskets of honey bees Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836 from the five regions in Brazil. We used geometric morphometrics to identify the existence of patterns of variations of shape and size in Africanized honey bees in Brazil 16 years after the classic study with this species, allowing a temporal and spatial comparative analysis using new technological resources to assess morphometrical data. Samples were collected in 14 locations in Brazil, covering the five geographical regions of the country. The shape analysis and multivariate analyses of the wing allowed to observe that there is a geographical pattern among the population of Apis mellifera in Brazil. The geographical variations may be attributed to the large territorial extension of the country in addition to the differences between the bioregions.Apis mellifera L., 1758 têm sido alvo de muitos estudos morfométricos principalmente pela sua importância ecológica, pela sua grande capacidade de adaptação, sua ampla distribuição e por serem capazes de se estabelecer eficientemente em diversas regiões. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as variações da forma em asas e corbículas de operárias de Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836 provenientes das cinco regiões biogeográficas do Brasil utilizando análises morfogeométricas, a fim de verificar a existência de padrões de variação de forma e tamanho das abelhas africanizadas no Brasil após 16 anos do estudo clássico realizado com esta espécie, possibilitando uma análise espaço-temporal comparativa utilizando recursos tecnológicos atuais para a avaliação de dados morfométricos. Foi realizada uma amostragem em 14 localidades no Brasil, abrangendo as cinco regiões geográficas. A partir de análise de forma e análises multivariadas verificou-se que a forma da asa revelou um padrão geográfico entre as populações de Apis mellifera no Brasil. As variações geográficas podem ser atribuídas à grande extensão territorial do Brasil, além de poder estar associada à diferenças entre ecorregiões.

Hoy, y debido a sus repercusiones en los territorios, la cultura y los festivales culturales forman parte de las estrategias de desarrollo local y regional, y de las actuaciones de regeneración urbana. Tales repercusiones pueden ser de carácter social, cultural, turístico o económico, ya que la cultura genera impactos en términos de producción, rentas y empleos. En este marco, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la contribución económica del Festival Internacional de Cine de Valdivia a la ciudad y región donde se celebra. Para ello se utiliza la metodología de los Estudios de Impacto Económico, basada en la definición y medición de tres tipos de efectos (directos, indirectos e inducidos). Los resultados muestran que el festival genera una repercusión signiicativa sobre la economía de la zona, beneiciando especialmente al sector turístico de la ciudad, y a los servicios a empresas. El trabajo pone también de maniiesto la importancia que los espectadores dan a las repercusiones culturales del festival, que constituyen, en realidad, la esencia del mismo.Today, culture and cultural festivals are part of the strategies of local and regional development and urban regeneration actions as a result of the impact that these goods can generate on the territories. These repercussions could be social, cultural, touristic or economic, since cultural goods and cultural events generate impacts in terms of production, income and jobs. The aim of this paper is to analyze the economic contribution of the Valdivia International Film Festival to the city and region where it is held. The Economic Impact Study methodology is used for this purpose, based on the definition and valuation of three types of effects (direct, indirect and induced). The results show that thefestival generates a significant impact on the economy of the area, benefiting especially the tourism sector of the city and business services. The work also highlights the importance attached by the attendees to the cultural impacts of thefestival, which are, in fact, the essence of the event.

Con el objeto de analizar y describir la morfometría y dinámica de la barrera medanosa e islas de barrera del partido de Patagones, se utilizaron imágenes satelitales Landsat y CBERS de diferentes períodos, así como fotografías aéreas escala 1:20.000 e imágenes radar ALOS Palsar. Siguiendo procedimientos analógicos y digitales se lograron establecer los procesos evolutivos relacionados con la configuración de ambas barreras. La variación de los vientos y precipitaciones incidieron en un menor volumen de material sedimentario que indujeron cambios en la morfología de dunas. Los vientos de mayor velocidad, principalmente del SO y O, determinaron un potencial de deriva de arena relativa superior a 400, principalmente hacia el NE. Las tasas de migración promedio de dunas alcanzaron valores máximos de 9 m a-1, superando las estimadas en otros sectores costeros de Provincia de Buenos Aires, y aumentando su movilidad durante la primavera. Una gran variedad de formas parabólicas (simples, y compuestas) fueron descriptas en el sector comprendido entre punta Redonda y punta Rasa con una relación largo-ancho mayor a 3 para dunas parabólicas simples elongadas. En este sector se estimó un aumento en la fijación natural de dunas de 772 ha durante el lapso 1989-2005. En las cercanías de San Blas los médanos barjanoides libres se mueven hacia el E, mientras que existen otros médanos vegetados que cubren mayor superficie. Las islas de barrera del norte están relacionadas a un menor transporte litoral y al aumento del prisma de mareas que incrementó la estabilidad de los canales de mareas.Barriers and barrier islands can form from the reworking of coastal plains, non-operative deltaic plains, or by the growing of complex spits. They change their shape in relation to the sedimentation rates and the evolution of the sea level, but they are also very sensitive to man-made interventions, mostly when they cause variations in the littoral drift or sediment budgets. The barrier of Patagones is located in Northern Patagonia, and spans from the estuary of the Negro River to the former delta of the Colorado River; a coast dominated by a northward littoral drift. Part of the barrier is hanged on top of coastal cliffs, part is growing towards the depressed area of Anegada Bay, and the northern portion is being reworked from the former delta (Fig. 1). Landsat and CBERS images from different years, ALOS Palsar images and aerial photographs were analyzed in order to estimate morphologic changes of the dunes composing these barriers. Analogic and digital processes were applied to understand the evolution of both barriers. Climate (wind and rain) is the main factor that diminishes the sand supply to these dunes. Winds from the SW and W have a potential drift higher than 400 with a net transport towards the NE. The maximum migration rate of the dunes was 9 m a-1 (interval 1973-2005), higher than the migration rates estimated at other sand barriers of Buenos Aires Province. Near San Blas village, non-vegetated transverse-barchanoid dunes moved to the east (Fig. 3). Cliff-top dunes are present in Faro Segunda Barranca (Fig. 4). A great variation in the shape of parabolic dunes was observed between Punta Redonda and Punta Rasa (simple and compound) with a length-width relationship of 3 for simple elongated shapes (Fig. 5). Digital processing of Landsat images allowed calculating vegetation indices (NDVI) and change-detection maps, showing the fixation of 772 ha of dunes at the Punta Redonda- Punta Rasa area (1989-2005 period; Fig. 6). Prior to the Holocene transgression, several tectonic depressions were scattered on top of the plateau; two allochtonous rivers, the Colorado and Negro, crossed it. During the maximum highstand, the Negro River valley became flooded while a delta established where the Colorado River discharged into Anegada Bay (Fig. 9). In Jabalí Island, Upper Pleistocene marine terraces composed mostly of gravel were partially reshaped into beach ridges. In the last 6000 years, significant changes occurred. The avulsion of the Colorado River channels made it to discharge to the north during historic times. The delta became reworked by marine processes. The northward longshore drift accumulated the sand delivered by the Negro River that climbed on top of former cliffs along the segment between Faro Segunda Barranca and Punta Redonda. Westerly winds reinforced this eastwards sediment transport either as barchans or parabolic dunes. At the end of that littoral drift, at Jabalí Island, the sand transport induced dunes to climb on top of former Holocene beach ridges. The barrier islands of the north have been related to a decrease in the littoral transport, and an increase of the tidal prism that induced the stability of the tidal inlets.

A agricultura de precisão surge como uma importante ferramenta para melhorar o gerenciamento da produção cafeeira, mostrando que o conhecimento de determinadas características do solo, associado à resposta de produtividade do cafeeiro, pode facilitar a aplicação localizada e racional dos insumos, com resultados ambientais e econômicos positivos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetivou utilizar ferramentas de agricultura de precisão aliadas a ferramentas da geoestatística para avaliar as variáveis fósforo, potássio e produtividade do cafeeiro, em três safras agrícolas, por meio de análises dos semivariogramas e de mapas de isolinhas interpolados por krigagem, e demonstrar que estas ferramentas são de grande valia para o manejo da cultura do café. Este trabalho foi conduzido na fazenda Brejão, no município de Três Pontas, Minas Gerais, nas safras de 2007/2008, 2008/2009 e 2009/2010, utilizando-se dos atributos químicos do solo, fósforo e potássio, amostrados com o auxílio de um quadriciclo com trado calador e dados de produtividade, que foram obtidos por meio de colheita manual, ambos em pontos georreferenciados. Foi possível caracterizar a magnitude da variabilidade espacial dos atributos em estudo, que apresentaram grande variação no tempo e no espaço. Os melhores ajustes dos semivariogramas permitiram a confecção de mapas mais precisos, contribuindo para a utilização da geoestatística na cafeicultura.The Precision Agriculture appears as an important tool to the management of coffee farms where the knowledge of some soil features associated with the coffee production could help specific application of fertilizing with positive environmental and economic results. So the aim of this study was to use precision agriculture and geoestatistics to evaluate the variables phosphorus, potassium and the coffee plant yield, in three different crops, by evaluating the semivariogram and kriging maps and show that these tools are important to the coffee management. This study was conducted on the Brejão farm in Três Pontas, Minas Gerais, in 2007/2008, 2008/2009 e 2009/2010 crop. As data base were used chemical soil data obtained by sampling in a georreferenced location using a quadricycle with a sampler and a GPS, and the yield data was obtained from manual harvest on the georreferenced location. It was possible to characterize the spatial variability magnitude of the studied attributes, and they presented huge variation on time and space. Adjusts of the best semivariograms enable to produce more accurate maps that contribute to the geostatistics uses on coffee crop.

A agricultura de precisão surge como uma importante ferramenta para maximizar o gerenciamento da atividade cafeeira, principalmente para esta cultura, que possui elevado custo de produção. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo fazer um estudo comparativo da viabilidade econômica de dois sistemas de adubação na lavoura cafeeira: o sistema utilizando as técnicas da agricultura de precisão e o sistema de aplicação convencional. Os dados utilizados foram extraídos dos custos de produção da fazenda Brejão, no sul de Minas Gerais, em três áreas (22 ha, 10,52 ha e 6,23 ha), onde foram realizadas aplicações de adubos de forma diferenciada nas safras de 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. O sistema de adubação em agricultura de precisão caracterizou-se por coleta de amostras de solo, georreferenciadas, e aplicação diferenciada de fósforo e potássio. Os custos da adubação convencional foram obtidos por meio de simulações, considerando a amostragem convencional do solo realizada nas glebas. Para efeito comparativo entre os sistemas de adubação, foram consideradas as operações e as quantidades de adubos necessárias em cada sistema. Entre os dois sistemas, observou-se diferenças de aplicação dos elementos fósforo e potássio, e também nas quantidades aplicadas. A adubação diferenciada foi vantajosa para as áreas de 22 ha e 10,52 ha, nas duas safras em estudo, e para a área de 6,23 ha só foi vantajosa (menor prejuízo) na safra de 2008/09.The precision agriculture appears as an important tool to improve coffee field management, mainly to this culture that has high production costs. The present work intended to accomplish a comparative study of the economic feasibility of two fertilizer systems: one using the precision agriculture and other using conventional fertilization. The data base used were extracted from the production costs of the Brejão farm, in south of Minas Gerais, in three areas (22 ha, 10.52 ha and 6.23 ha), where were applied fertilizer in variable rates in the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 harvests. The precision agriculture was characterized by the georeferenced soil sampling and the application of phosphorus and potassium in variable rates. The conventional fertilization costs were obtained by simulations considering the traditional soil sampling performed at these areas. In order to compare the two fertilization systems, it was considered the operations and the amount of fertilizer necessary in each of the fertilization system. It was realized differences in the elements and in the amount that should be applied between the two systems. The variable rate fertilization was more profitable to the area of 22 ha and 10.52 ha in the two harvests studied and to the area of 6.23 ha was profitable (less prejudice) only to the last crop.

Introducción: A pesar del uso extendido del formulario de Zung para ansiedad no se encontraron artículos sobre la invarianza de la prueba. Objetivo: Establecer la invarianza por género del formulario para ansiedad autodiligenciado de Zung desde la Teoría Clásica. Métodos: Muestra no aleaotoria de 336 mujeres y 205 hombres estudiantes de varias universidades colombianas que diligenciaron el formulario. El análisis se realizo con análisis confimatorio de factores. Se investigó la invarianza dimensional, de configuración y métrica. Resultados: Se encontró que las invarianzas dimensional y de configuración se cumplen al demostrarse que el constructo es unidimensional en los 2 géneros, seleccionando los modelos con el Criterio de información Bayesiano y que la carga de los ítems es en general alta. No así la invarianza métrica para la cual debieron eliminarse 9 ítems para lograr invarianza en las cargas. Conclusión: El formulario de Zung presenta invarianzas dimensional, de configuración y métrica con 11 ítems. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 159-166Introduction: There is not a published report of the invariance of anxiety Zung test, although is widely used. Objective: To stablish gender invariance of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale using Classical Test Theory. Methods: A non random sample of 336 women and 205 men students from several colombian universities that answered the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Dimensional, configurational and metric invariance were investigated. Results: Dimensional and configurational invariance are met because for both genders theres is one dimension, using Bayesian Information Crietria as the model selection strategy, and the loadings are generally high. The metric invariance was obtained after deleting 9 items. Conclusion: Eleven items of The Zung self-rating anxiety scale show dimensional, configurational and metric invariance. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 159-166

Many research works have being carried out on analyzing grain storage facility costs; however a few of them had taken into account the analysis of factors associated to all pre-processing and storage steps. The objective of this work was to develop a decision support system for determining the grain storage facility costs and utilization fees in grain storage facilities. The data of a CONAB storage facility located in Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil, was used as input of the system developed to analyze its specific characteristics, such as amount of product received and stored throughout the year, hourly capacity of drying, cleaning, and receiving, and dispatch. By applying the decision support system, it was observed that the reception and expedition costs were exponentially reduced as the turnover rate of the storage increased. The cleaning and drying costs increased linearly with grain initial moisture. The storage cost increased exponentially as the occupancy rate of the storage facility decreased.Vários trabalhos de análise de custos em unidades armazenadoras de produtos agrícolas foram conduzidos; no entanto, poucos abordam as análises dos efeitos dos fatores associados a cada uma das etapas do pré-processamento e armazenagem. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um sistema de apoio à decisão para determinação de custos e tarifas em unidades armazenadoras de produtos agrícolas. Uma unidade da CONAB, localizada em Ponta Grossa - PR, foi usada para geração de resultados conforme suas características específicas, tais como quantidade de produto recebido e estocado ao longo do ano, capacidade horária de secagem, limpeza, recepção e expedição. Ao empregar o sistema de apoio à decisão, foi constatado que os custos de recepção e expedição diminuem exponencialmente com o aumento do índice de rotatividade da unidade armazenadora; que os custos de limpeza e secagem foram aproximadamente lineares e crescentes com o aumento do teor de água inicial do produto, e que o custo de armazenagem apresentou comportamento exponencial crescente com a redução do índice de ocupação da unidade armazenadora.

Em face da importância em conhecer a evapotranspiração (ET) para uso racional da água na irrigação no contexto atual de escassez desse recurso, algoritmos de estimativa da ET a nível regional foram desenvolvidos utilizando-se de ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto. Este estudo objetivou aplicar o algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land) em três imagens do satélite Landsat 5, do segundo semestre de 2006. As imagens correspondem a áreas irrigadas, floresta nativa densa e a Caatinga do Estado do Ceará (Baixo Acaraú, Chapada do Apodi e Chapada do Araripe). Este algoritmo calcula a evapotranspiração horária a partir do fluxo de calor latente, estimado como resíduo do balanço de energia na superfície. Os valores de ET obtidos nas três regiões foram superiores a 0,60 mm h-1 nas áreas irrigadas ou de vegetação nativa densa. As áreas de vegetação nativa menos densa apresentaram taxa da ET horária de 0,35 a 0,60 mm h-1, e valores quase nulos em áreas degradadas. A análise das médias de evapotranspiração horária pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade permitiu evidenciar uma variabilidade significativa local, bem como regional no Estado do Ceará.In the context of water resources scarcity, the rational use of water for irrigation is necessary, implying precise estimations of the actual evapotranspiration (ET). With the recent progresses of remote-sensed technologies, regional algorithms estimating evapotranspiration from satellite observations were developed. This work aimed at applying the SEBAL algorithm (Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land) at three Landsat-5 images during the second semester of 2006. These images cover irrigated areas, dense native forest areas and caatinga areas in three regions of the state of Ceará (Baixo Acaraú, Chapada do Apodi and Chapada do Araripe). The SEBAL algorithm calculates the hourly evapotranspiration from the latent heat flux, estimated from the surface energy balance. The hourly evapotranspiration values obtained were greater than 0.60 mm h-1 in irrigated or dense native vegetation areas, from 0.35 to 0.60 mm h-1 in sparse vegetation areas and almost null in degradated areas. The analysis of hourly evapotranspiration means by Tukey test at 5% probability level showed not only a significant variability locally but also at a regional scale in the state of Ceará.

FUNDAMENTO: Sangramento é uma complicação grave em pacientes tratados para síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA) com antitrombóticos e terapias invasivas. Consequentemente, o benefício dessas terapias deve ser analisado contra os potenciais riscos de complicações hemorrágicas. Desta forma, a determinação de um escore para estimar o risco individual de sangramento pode representar uma importante ferramenta na tomada de decisões clínicas. OBJETIVO: Criar e validar um escore de risco de sangramento para pacientes com SCA. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados preditores independentes de sangramento relatados pelo Registro GRACE. Variáveis com odds ratio (OR) > 2,5 nesse Registro somaram 3 pontos (histórico anterior de sangramento), OR=1,5-2,4 somaram 2 pontos (clearance de creatinina< 30 ml/min, sexo feminino) e aquelas com OR < 1,5 somaram 1 ponto (clearance entre 30 e 60 ml/min, a cada 10 anos de idade > 30, infra ou supra-desnivelamento do segmento ST, doença arterial periférica e fumo). O escore foi validado em uma coorte de 383 indivíduos com SCA. Sangramento hospitalar foi definido como queda de hematócrito > 10%, transfusão de sangue > 2 unidades, sangramento intracerebral ou sangramento fatal. RESULTADOS: A incidência de eventos hemorrágicos foi de 3,1% e a estatística-C do escore foi 0,66 (IC95% = 0,52-0,80), indicando capacidade preditiva para esses eventos. Aqueles com escore > 7 apresentaram 6% de incidência de sangramento, comparados com 1,9% se o escore era < 7 (RR=3,2; IC95%=1,04-9,9; p=0,03). Houve uma interação entre um escore > 7 e um maior risco imposto pelo tratamento com Clopidogrel (p=0,02), bloqueadores IIb/IIIa (p=0,06) e revascularização cirúrgica (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O escore discrimina o risco de sangramento e é potencialmente útil na tomada de decisão clínica em SCA.

FUNDAMENTO: A interpretação dos resultados de troponina em pacientes com síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA) e doença renal é dificultada pelo fato de que a disfunção renal aumenta os níveis de troponina, independente da necrose miocárdica. Embora tenha sido demonstrado que a doença renal em estágio terminal está associada com níveis elevados de troponina T cardíaca (TnT), ainda não é conhecido se esse biomarcador é alterado por níveis menos graves de disfunção renal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se disfunção renal moderada está associada com elevação dos níveis de TnT em pacientes com SCA. MÉTODOS: Um total de 145 indivíduos com SCA e clearance de creatinina > 30 ml/min foram estudados. O clearance de creatinina foi estimado através da fórmula de Cockcroft-Gault e a TnT foi medida na admissão hospitalar. Disfunção renal moderada foi definida como clearance de creatinina de 30-59 ml/min e TnT positiva como níveis > 0,01 ug/l. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma correlação foi observada entre o clearance de creatinina e TnT (r = - 0,06, P=0,45). Os níveis de TnT foram similares entre indivíduos no primeiro (mediana=0,05 ug/l), segundo (mediana=0 ug/l), terceiro (mediana=0,07 ug/l) e quarto quartis (mediana=0 ug/l) de clearance de creatinina - P=0,63. De forma similar, não houve diferença nos valores de troponina entre indivíduos com disfunção renal moderada (mediana=0,02 ug/l) e indivíduos com função renal normal/quase normal (mediana=0,03 ug/l) - P=0.63. A prevalência de TnT positiva foi similar entre indivíduos com disfunção renal moderada e função renal normal/quase normal (55% vs 52%, P=0,65). CONCLUSÃO: Disfunção renal moderada não está associada com elevação dos níveis de TnT em pacientes com SCA. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2010; 95(5): 600-605)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações do aparato podotroclear de 22 cavalos da raça Quarto de Milha acometidos pela síndrome do navicular utilizando o acesso transcuneal. Esses equinos foram submetidos ao exame radiográfico e ultrassonográfico. No exame radiográfico foi observado a presença de invaginação sinovial de diferentes tipos, além de calcificação da bursa podotroclear e tendão flexor digital profundo, entesiófitos, osteófitos e alteração do limite córtico-medular. No exame ultrassonográfico observou-se alterações da bursa podotroclear, aderência e irregularidades nos bordos do tendão flexor digital profundo, diminuição do coxim digital, calcificação do ligamento sesamóide distal ímpar e irregularidade da superfície flexora do osso sesamóide distal. Todos os equinos que apresentavam alterações radiográficas também apresentaram alterações no exame ultrassonográfico compatíveis com a síndrome do navicular. O exame ultrassonográfico utilizando o acesso transcuneal foi um método prático e eficiente para avaliação das lesões do aparato podotroclear dos eqüinos, sendo um método complementar ao exame radiográfico.The objective of this study was to evaluate radiographically and ultrasonographically the podotrochlear apparatus using a transcuneal approach in 22 American Quarter horses suffering from navicular syndrome. On the radiographs, different forms of synovial invaginations, calcification of the podotrochlear bursa and deep digital flexor tendon, enthesophyte and osteophyte formation, and changes in the cortical-medullary margin were observed. On the ultrasound scans, changes of the podotrochlear bursa, adhesions and irregularities at the surface of the deep digital flexor tendon, the digital cushion area reduction, calcification of the impar distal sesamoideal ligament, and irregularities of the flexor surface of the distal sesamoid bone were observed. Radiographic and ultrasonographic abnormalities compatible with navicular syndrome were present in all patients. Ultrasonography using transcuneal approach was a practical and efficient method to evaluate podotrochlear apparatus injuries in equine, thus being a complementary method to radiography.

FUNDAMENTO: Embora o Escore de Risco TIMI seja o mais utilizado em síndromes coronarianas agudas sem supradesnível do segmento ST (SCA), o Escore GRACE tem potencial superioridade prognóstica, pois foi criado a partir de um registro observacional, parte das variáveis são tratadas de forma semiquantitativa e a função renal é computada em seu cálculo. OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese de que o Escore de Risco GRACE tem superior valor prognóstico hospitalar, comparado ao Escore TIMI em pacientes admitidos com SCA. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos indivíduos com angina instável ou infarto do miocárdio sem supradesnível do segmento ST, consecutivamente internados em unidade coronariana entre agosto de 2007 e janeiro de 2009. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 154 pacientes, idade 71 ± 13 anos, 56% do gênero feminino, mediana do GRACE de 117 e mediana do TIMI de 3. Durante o período de internamento, a incidência de eventos foi 8,4% (12 óbitos e 1 infarto não fatal). O teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow aplicado ao Escore GRACE apresentou χ2 de 5,3 (P = 0,72), enquanto Escore TIMI apresentou χ2 de 1,85 (P = 0,60). Desta forma, ambos os escores apresentaram boa calibração. Quanto à análise de discriminação, o Escore GRACE apresentou estatística-C de 0,91 (95% IC = 0,86 - 0,97), significativamente superior à estatística-C de 0,69 do Escore TIMI (95% IC = 0,55 - 0,84) - P = 0,02 para diferença entre os escores. CONCLUSÃO: Em relação à predição de eventos hospitalares em pacientes com SCA, o Escore GRACE tem superior capacidade prognóstica quando comparado ao Escore TIMI.FUNDAMENTO: Aunque el Score de Riesgo TIMI sea el más utilizado en síndromes coronarios agudos sin supradesnivel del segmento ST (SCA), el Score GRACE tiene potencial superioridad pronóstica, pues fue creado a partir de un registro observacional, parte de las variables son tratadas de forma semicuantitativa y la función renal se computa en su cálculo. OBJETIVO: Probar la hipótesis de que el Score de Riesgo GRACE tiene superior valor pronóstico hospitalario, comparado con el Score TIMI en pacientes ingresados con SCA. MÉTODOS: Fueron incluidos individuos con angina inestable o infarto de miocardio sin supradesnivel del segmento ST, consecutivamente internados en Unidad Coronaria entre agosto de 2007 y enero de 2009. RESULTADOS: Fueron estudiados 154 pacientes, edad 71 ± 13 años, el 56% del sexo femenino, mediana de GRACE de 117 y mediana de TIMI de 3. Durante el período de internación, la incidencia de eventos fue del 8,4% (12 fallecimientos y 1 infarto no fatal). El test de Hosmer-Lemeshow aplicado al Score GRACE presentó χ² de 5,3 (P = 0,72), mientras que el Score TIMI presentó χ² de 1,85 (P = 0,60). De esta forma, ambos scores presentaron buena calibración. En cuanto al análisis de discriminación, el Score GRACE presentó estadística-C de 0,91 (95% IC = 0,86 - 0,97), significativamente superior a la estadística-C de 0,69 del Score TIMI (95% IC = 0,55 - 0,84) - P = 0,02 para diferencia entre los scores. CONCLUSIÓN: Con relación a la predicción de eventos hospitalarios en pacientes con SCA, el Score GRACE tiene capacidad pronóstica superior al compararlo con el Score TIMI.BACKGROUND: Although the TIMI score is the one most frequently used in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) without ST-segment elevation, the GRACE score has potential prognostic superiority, as it was created based on an observational registry, part of the variables is treated in a semi-quantitative form and renal function is taken into account in its calculation. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the GRACE risk score has superior in-hospital prognostic value, when compared to the TIMI score in patients admitted with ACS. METHODS: Individuals with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation, consecutively admitted at the Coronary Unit between August 2007 and January 2009, were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 154 patients aged 71 ± 13 years, of which 56% were females, with a GRACE median of 117 and a TIMI median of 3 were studied. During the hospitalization period, the incidence of events was 8.4% (12 deaths and 1 non-fatal infarction). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test applied to the GRACE score presented an χ2 of 5.3 (P = 0.72), whereas the TIMI score presented an χ2 of 1.85 (P = 0.60). Therefore, both scores presented good calibration. As for the analysis of discrimination, the GRACE score presented a C-statistics of 0.91 (95%CI= 0.86 - 0.97), significantly superior to the C-statistics of 0.69 of the TIMI score (95%CI = 0.55 - 0.84) - P = 0.02 for the difference between the scores. CONCLUSION: Regarding the prediction of hospital events in patients with ACS, the GRACE score has superior prognostic capacity when compared to the TIMI score.

FUNDAMENTO: Inflamação sistêmica exacerbada tem sido descrita em indivíduos de baixo nível sócio-econômico, porém estudos sobre determinantes dos valores de proteína C-reativa foram realizados apenas em países desenvolvidos. OBJETIVO: Identificar preditores de PCR em indivíduos de baixo nível SE em um país em desenvolvimento e avaliar se a PCR está relacionada ao nível SE nesse cenário. MÉTODOS: Oitenta e oito indivíduos de nível SE muito baixo foram recrutados de uma comunidade pobre, semi-rural no Brasil; 32 indivíduos de nível SE alto foram utilizados como amostra de compara��ão. A PCR de alta sensibilidade foi medida por nefelometria. RESULTADOS: Entre os indivíduos de baixo nível SE, os preditores independentes de PCR foram índice de massa corporal > 25 kg/m² (PFUNDAMENTO: Se ha descrito inflamación sistémica exacerbada en individuos de bajo nivel socioeconómico, con todo, estudios sobre determinantes de los valores de proteína C reactiva sólo se han realizado en países desarrollo. OBJETIVO: Identificar predictores de PCR en individuos de bajo nivel SE en un país en desarrollo y evaluar si la PCR está relacionada al nivel SE en ese escenario. MÉTODOS: Se reclutaron ochenta y ocho individuos de nivel SE muy bajo de un comunidad pobre, semi-rural en Brasil, se utilizaron 32 individuos de nivel SE alto como muestra de comparación. La PCR de alta sensibilidad se midió por nefelometría. RESULTADOS: Entre los individuos de bajo nivel SE, los predictores independientes de PCR fueron índice de masa corporal > 25 kg/m² (PBACKGROUND: Low socioeconomic (SE) status has been associated to inflammation and predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been investigated by studies performed in developed countries. This study aimed to identify predictors of CRP in individuals of very low SE level in a developing country and evaluate whether CRP is related to SE status in this scenario. OBJECTIVE: Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. METHODS: Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. RESULTS: In the low SE individuals, independent predictors of CRP were body mass index > 25 Kg/m² (P

Amostras vulcanizadas de copolímero de butadieno e acrilonitrila (NBR), contendo teor conhecido de acrilonitrila (AN), foram preparadas nos laboratórios do IAE como amostras de referência para a elaboração de curvas analíticas (ou de calibração), visando à determinação do teor de AN em NBR, por meio de técnicas FT-IR de reflexão (UATR) de última geração e as conhecidas de transmissão. A preparação das amostras foi feita por pirólise, sem e com controle de temperatura, introduzindo uma nova forma de recolhimento do pirolisado. A banda FT-IR analítica, característica de AN, usada no estudo foi a encontrada em 2237 cm-1, sendo 1455 cm-1 a banda de referência, atribuída aos grupos CH2 e CH3. Os valores da absorvância relativa A2237/A1455 vs. teores conhecidos (nominais) de AN em NBR foram usados para elaborar curvas analíticas com boas correlações lineares (R = 0,995 para técnica de transmissão/pirólise controlada e R = 0,989 para técnica de transmissão/pirólise em bico de Bunsen). Na técnica UATR, valores de A2237 vs. os teores nominais de AN em NBR foram usados para elaborar uma curva analítica, que também apresentou boa correlação linear (R = 0,996). Ambas as curvas analíticas possibilitam a determinação dos teores de AN em NBR, em amostras em que os componentes têm a mesma composição química. Embora as técnicas apresentem precisão similar, o tempo para obtenção dos resultados (experimental e cálculo) é bem menor utilizando-se a técnica UATR para esse tipo determinação, especialmente quando o tempo de extração, etapa usada na técnica de transmissão/pirólise, é considerado.NBR samples with known contents of acrilonitrile (AN) were prepared at IAE laboratories as reference samples for producing an analytical curve to determine the content of AN and NBR, using new methods of transmission (pyrolysis) and UATR/FT-IR techniques. The chosen FT-IR analytical band for AN was 2237 cm-1 for transmission (pyrolysis) and UATR technique. The reference band chosen in transmission pyrolysis technique was 1455 cm-1. Values of A2237/A1455 relative absorbance (transmission pyrolysis technique) and of A2237 (UATR technique) vs. the AN contents data were used to elaborate analytical curves with good linear correlations (R = 0.995 e R = 0.989) - transmission pyrolysis technique) and R = 0.996 (UATR technique), which allows one to determine contents of AN in NBR samples of similar composition. Even though the techniques showed similar accuracy, the time required for the analysis is smaller with the UATR technique, especially if the time for extraction for applying the transmission pyrolysis technique is also considered.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do volume de calda aplicado por um turbopulverizador sobre a deposição e a cobertura em folhas, ramos e frutos de citros. A pulverização foi realizada com um pulverizador tratorizado Arbus 2000/Valência em pomar de laranja 'Natal', com porte médio de 4,0 m, sendo avaliados seis volumes de calda (50; 70; 85; 100; 150 e 200% do volume-padrão utilizado pelo produtor, de 28 L planta-1). Após a pulverização de plantas uniformes com calda contendo cobre e o traçador fluorescente Poliglow 830 YLSS, amostras foram coletadas em nove setores da planta, sendo a avaliação da deposição feita usando-se análise do íon cobre por espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica, e a da cobertura, por meio de imagens digitalizadas analisadas pelo programa para computador IDRISI. A análise estatística mostrou que, na avaliação da cobertura e deposição em citros, a utilização de frutos como estrutura de amostragem tendeu a evidenciar melhor o efeito dos tratamentos. Tanto a deposição quanto a cobertura tenderam a ser maiores nos setores frontal e saia da planta. Tanto a deposição quanto a cobertura não foram prejudicadas pela utilização do volume de 70% (19,6 L planta-1), indicando que tal volume pode substituir o volume de 100% (28 L planta-1) sem prejuízos ao controle de pragas.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different carrier volume applied with an airblast sprayer on spray deposition on leaves, branch and fruits in citrus trees. It was used a trailed sprayer Arbus 200/Valência in an orange orchard, variety Natal, with 4,0 m mean height, and six volumes were evaluated (50; 70; 85; 100; 150 and 200% relative to the standard volume in use, 28 L plant-1). After spraying of regular plants with carrier containing copper and Poliglow 830 YLSS as fluorescent tracer, the samples were collected in nine localization of the tree. The evaluation of spray deposition was done with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer by analyze of copper ion. The evaluation of spray coverage was done by digitalized image which were analyzed with IDRISIS software. The analysis statistical showed that in the evaluation of spray coverage and deposition in citrus the use of fruits as sample made to evidence better the effect of the treatments. The spray coverage and deposition had been trend higher upon frontal horizontal sector and upon lower vertical sector of the tree. The spray coverage and deposition had not been prejudiced by the use of 70% rate (19.6 L plant-1) which indicates that this volume can replace the 100% rate (28.0 L plants-1) without disadvantage in the control periods.

Um método SEC com dupla detecção para determinação de distribuição de funcionalidade de resina polibutadiênica hidroxilada HTPB foi desenvolvido, verificando-se a influência desse parâmetro no comportamento mecânico de poliuretano utilizado em motor-foguete fabricado no Centro Técnico Aeroespacial (CTA). O método mostrou-se sensível a pequenas diferenças de funcionalidade e sua distribuição podendo ser utilizado para a caracterização mais completa da resina. Ensaios de tração realizados em amostras de PU sem carga refletiram pequenas diferenças de distribuição de funcionalidade existentes entre os lotes de polibutadieno hidroxilado.A size exclusion chromatography (SEC) method, with double detection, was developed to determine the functionality distribution of hydroxyl polybutadiene (HTPB) resin, evaluating the influence of that parameter on the mechanical behavior of HTPB polyurethane used as binder in the rocket motors manufactured at Centro Técnico Aeroespacial (CTA). The method showed to be sensitive to small differences in the functionality distribution of the HTPB resin and, thus, can be used for a more complete characterization of the resin. Tensile tests performed on HTPB polyurethane reflected the small differences observed in the functionality distribution of three batches of HTPB.