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High trade costs make it difficult to fully exploit comparative advantages and reduce the level of income. This paper estimates the cost of trade and its main determinants in the period 1995-2015 using information on domestic sales and exports by destination country of the input matrix product between OECD countries. The results indicate in this period the median cost of bilateral trade fell 8.7% in high-income countries, 14.9% in middle-income countries and 15.5% in low-income countries, and the drop was more pronounced in the period 1995-2005 than in the period 2005-2015. The tariff policy - unilateral or by trade agreements - and the management of the logistics chain are the instruments that cause the greatest impacts on trade costs.

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À medida que a relação comercial entre os países aumenta, existe a necessidade que os órgãos governamentais incentivem as indústrias nacionais a procurar novos caminhos, para que elas possam se inserir com maior competitividade no mercado externo, trazendo assim um maior equilíbrio à balança comercial e ao crescimento do país. Para se atingir um sistema de distribuição mais barato e potencialmente mais estável, o sistema logístico inteiro deve ser eficiente. O conceito de Aeroporto-Indústria consolida esta necessidade de se intensificar a transformação dos sistemas de transporte e logísticos do país, proporcionando a instalação de plantas industriais em aeroportos internacionais com vista à exportação, com desburocratização, simplificação de procedimentos e redução de custos tarifários, tributários e logísticos, aumentando a competitividade das indústrias do país no mercado internacional. Com base neste contexto, este trabalho pretende mostrar a relação de dependência da cadeia logística eficiente no amparo à implantação de um Projeto Aeroporto-Indústria. While the trade relationship among the countries increases, there is a necessity from the states to motivate its national industries to be inserted in a more competitive global market, providing then, equilibrium to its commercial balance and its development. To achieve a cheaper distribution system and potentially stable, the whole logistics system must be efficient. In short, this new set of logistical processes requires a logistical environment that is time-based, collaborative and flexible. The Industrial-Airport concept consolidates this necessity for the intensification of the logistic system of the Country, providing the installation of industrial plants in international airports specified for exportation with disbureaucracy, simplification of procedures and reduction of duties, taxes and logistics costs, increasing, on the other hand, the industrial competitiveness in an international global market. For this reason, this work intends to show the dependent relationship of an efficient logistic chain in the implementation of an Industrial-Airport.