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The aim of the present study was to describe the conceptual and operational definitions of the frailty syndrome recommended by the Brazilian Consensus on Frailty in Older People. In 2015, a task force consisting of Brazilian specialists on human aging conducted a bibliographical review on frailty among older people in Brazil and established a consensus on the main findings through periodic meetings. A total of 72 articles were included in the analysis, comprising one systematic review, two conceptual discussions, two methodological descriptions, four longitudinal studies focusing on mortality and worsening of the frailty profile, eight cross-cultural adaptation studies, and 55 cross-sectional or prevalence studies. Forty-five studies (62.5%) used the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) frailty scale, of which seven (15.2%) used unadjusted cut-off points for their samples and 17 (36.9%) modified at least one of the five items of the instrument. The prevalence of frailty varied between 6.7 and 74.1%. When the CHS frailty scale was used, the wide range of prevalence — from 8 to 49.3% — depended on the cut-off points used to classify changes in gait speed and handgrip strength, as well as the research setting. The studies were based on four major conceptual models of frailty. Frailty in older people represents a state of physiological vulnerability and should not be confused with disabilities or multi-morbidities. In the Brazilian population, the prevalence of frailty has not yet been adequately estimated, and the cut-off points of the items of the frailty scales should be adapted to the parameters of this population.

This article explores how to combine Confucian principles of filial piety and benevolence with modern aging society governance through literature review and case studies, aiming to improve the elderly people’s quality of life and promote social harmony by integrating traditional values into modern policies. This article analyzes the challenges brought by aging to Chinese society and explores how to solve the social problems caused by aging through these traditional values. The results indicate that the Confucian ideals of filial piety and benevolence provide moral guidance and cultural foundation for respecting and caring for the elderly. The concept of filial piety emphasizes the respect and care of children towards their parents, while the idea of benevolence advocates for the care and support of the elderly throughout society. It is crucial to integrate these traditional values with modern national policies in building a civilized elderly society. By doing so, China can improve its elderly citizens’ quality of life and pave the way for a respectful and caring social framework.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain represents a significant global public health challenge, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Characterized by their persistence and prolonged duration, these kinds of pain not only result in functional incapacity, but are also the main reason for patients to seek medical care. The complexity of these conditions is not only limited to the physical aspects, but can also affect a person’s emotional state and mood, favoring the presence of anxiety and/or depression, which not only exacerbate chronic pain but also complicate the treatment process. Resilience and the capacity to deal with adversity are crucial in this context. The objective of this study was to seek out and examine the relationship between resilience, anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain, aiming at more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches. METHODS: Exploratory study in which patients with chronic pain starting treatment at a tertiary hospital were assessed based on sociodemographic and pain-related variables. This work also used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS: The study explored the relationship between resilience, anxiety, depression and chronic pain. The sample, composed mostly of women, showed that the majority of patients (78.3%) had mood disorder symptoms. Resilience presented a negative correlation with anxiety, depression and pain intensity, suggesting that it helps to protect against these health problems. CONCLUSION: Resilience should be considered an important factor in the effective treatment of people with chronic pain.

With growing social inequality, corruption political instability, the problem of justice in Kyrgyzstan becomes an urgent topic requiring measures to ensure the country’s stability and development through effective social governance. The study aims to identify variations, in the philosophical understanding of justice, in the context of social governance in Kyrgyzstan. The study employed a phenomenological approach in its theoretical and methodological basis. The empirical basis of the study was the focus group method, which involved activists in Kyrgyzstan. There are two dominant approaches to the perception of justice in the country. The liberal approach emphasizes the importance of individual rights, freedoms and market principles. The socialist approach emphasizes the importance of collective interests, social solidarity and state intervention in the economy. It is important to create mechanisms that are in line with liberal principles, but also consider the people’s needs, who are used to a more planned economy and state intervention. The results of the study have practical value for state structures involved in social and economic reform processes.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a situação atual e analisar os fatores influenciadores do conhecimento, atitude e prática de emergência pré-hospitalar entre cuidadores de idosos. Métodos Estudo transversal com amostragem por conveniência, conduzido entre dezembro de 2021 e junho de 2022, e seleção de 133 cuidadores de idosos em instituições de longa permanência na província de Guangdong, China, como participantes. Todos receberam um questionário de informações gerais e um questionário de conhecimento, atitude e prática de emergência pré-hospitalar. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados As pontuações nas dimensões conhecimento, atitude e prática foram 24,65 ± 4,49, 24,52 ± 4,34 e 24,05 ± 4,67, respectivamente. A análise de regressão mostrou que a idade, o nível de habilidade profissional e a experiência em educação em saúde dos cuidadores foram os principais fatores que influenciaram seu conhecimento de emergência pré-hospitalar. A presença/ausência dos cuidadores na participação direta na emergência pré-hospitalar foi o principal fator de influência na atitude, enquanto o nível educacional e a situação profissional foram os fatores que influenciaram principalmente a prática na emergência pré-hospitalar. Conclusão O atual nível de conhecimento, atitude e prática em emergência pré-hospitalar dos cuidadores de idosos é de baixo a médio. Para os cuidadores chineses, os principais fatores que afetam a implementação da emergência pré-hospitalar são a idade avançada, os baixos níveis de escolaridade, o emprego temporário e as deficiências do sistema de segurança ocupacional.

The bambara bean (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is native to the African continent, being considered rustic, tolerant to water stress, high temperatures, and soils with low fertility. In view of climate change, it's a strategic crop having a short cycle and a fast economic return. The practice of mounding is considered essential for crops that have parts of economic interest below the soil surface promoting better plant development, protection against solar radiation and weed control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotechnical aspects of bambara bean under different periods of mounding. The methodology used was a randomized block design with three treatments and six repetitions submitted to the Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments were no mounding (SA), mounding 60 days after planting (A60AP), and mounding 90 days after planting (A90AP). The parameters analyzed were mass of 100 seeds (M100S), number of seeds per plot (NSP), productivity in kg/ha (PR), and number of seeds per kilo (NSQ). The results pointed out that mounding brings positive results for M100S and PR for A60AP. A90AP and SA had reductions in M100S and increase in NSQ when compared to A60AP. The variable NSP was not influenced by any of the treatments. Thereby, A60AP lead to a greater increase in productivity and quality for bambara groundnut in region of MG, Brazil.

ABSTRACT Purpose Establish points on the neck, correspondent to the laryngeal topography, where to apply Low Level Light therapy (LLLT), to evaluate the incidence of light through variables such as skin phototype and body mass index (BMI). Methods This is a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study, carried out with 15 vocally healthy women, between 18 and 50 years of age, who were divided into three groups, according to BMI and skin phototype. Six anatomical reference points were established to locate the larynx and its musculature, with visual monitoring by videonasolaryngoscopy, to assess light reach (present/absent) and degree of illumination (from very weak to very strong) in the larynx during the LASER application at doses of 3J, 6J and 9J. A flexible endoscope was used for visual monitoring during the LASER application, and subsequent image analysis. Results The light reached the larynx at doses of 3J, 6J and 9J, in the anterior commissure of the vocal folds, membranous (thyroarytenoid muscle) and cartilaginous portions of the vocal fold and the cricothyroid muscle. The degree of LASER light illumination decreased in overweight and obese participants and increased in moderate brown and dark brown skin phototypes. Conclusion Data suggest that the LLLT penetrates differently according to skin phototype and BMI, being more evident in individuals with Fitzpatrick IV and V phototypes and less evident with higher BMI levels. The evidence that the LASER light reaches the larynx in specific anatomical points provides direction for the standardization of its use in voice practice.

ABSTRACT: Globally, China is one of the primary citrus producers. This study provided a theoretical reference for sustainable production in the citrus industry in China by measuring citrus production efficiency under non-point source pollution and analyzing inter-provincial variability. In this study, non-radio logical and non-angled data envelopment analysis models were used in seven provinces during 2006-2018 based on non-desired outputs. The temporal and spatial characteristics were analyzed to determine the factors that cause efficiency losses. Results indicated that the citrus production efficiency had a general w-type trend with high inter-provincial variability, where the highest and lowest production efficiencies occurred in Hubei Province and Guangdong Province, respectively. In the past four years, a redundancy in labor and fertilizer inputs was also observed in Guangdong and Fujian, respectively. The shrinkable proportion of each factor input in the seven provinces was zero. An increase in citrus yield per hectare was recorded, in which the highest was in Guangdong. In each province, high emissions of total nitrogen and phosphorus generally caused the decrease in citrus production efficiency.

Commented article: XU, Yushu; CHEN, Chao. Educational philosophy and educational practice in Confucianism. Trans/Form/Ação: Unesp journal of philosophy, Marília, v. 47, n. 5, “Eastern thought 2”, e02400189, 2024. Available at: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/transformacao/article/view/14955.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar os sintomas de estresse e as estratégias de enfrentamento de cuidadores de pessoas idosas com Doença de Alzheimer em razão das variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e de atuação profissional. Método Pesquisa transversal realizada com 126 cuidadores de pessoas idosas com Doença de Alzheimer. Foi utilizado um questionário para avaliação do perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde do cuidador, a Escala de Estresse Percebido e Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas. A análise de dados foi realizada pelos testes t de Student independente, Anova One-way e Post-Hoc de Tukey (p

Marxist philosophical thought is an important ideological weapon for people to understand and transform the world. This paper studies the application and influence of Marxist philosophy in the field of music education, as well as the current development status of music education, and provides theoretical support for music education by discussing how to combine Marxist philosophy with the field of music education. Music education is a means of cultivating and shaping a person’s musical heritage, thereby achieving quality education. In music education, Marxist philosophy is an important theoretical support for the development of music learning. The dialectical materialism epistemology in Marxist philosophy is closely related to music education. This article explored the influence and role of Marxist philosophical thought on the development of music education by combing Marxist philosophical thought and music education theory, combined with the current situation of contemporary music education development, and analyzed the problems that exist in the development of music education. Dialectical materialism in Marxist philosophy is closely related to the theory of music education. Applying Marxist philosophy to music education can promote the smooth development of music education and help the audience of music education achieve their training goals. This article indicates that in-depth research on the application of Marxist philosophical thoughts, in the development of music education, is of great practical significance.

Philosophical ideas infused with traditional Chinese culture improve the accuracy and compatibility of English translations. “Compatibility” is a very important concept in English translation. Cultural compatibility of language is a factor that cannot be ignored due to language habits and cultural differences. Therefore, this paper presented a study of the accuracy and compatibility of philosophical and cultural thought to English translation. This article mainly analyzed the accuracy and compatibility of philosophical and cultural thoughts to English translation, and combined the existing problems and shortcomings to propose some solutions. The paper aimed to improve the level of English translation, promote communication between different cultures and enhance China’s overall cultural soft power. This article found that adhering to cultural compatibility and adopting both stable and appropriate flexible methods to guide different cultures have a positive impact on promoting cultural exchange.

Chuang Tzu, one of ancient China’s cultural canons, has been translated into massive English versions in the past century. Consequently, these English renderings, to some extent, reflect the chronological change of reconceptualization of ancient China’s image from the people’s perspective from English-spoken countries. Thus, from the angle of imagology in comparative literature, this paper probes into the recreated ancient China’s images manifested through the refractions and transcreations in the English translations of Chuang Tzu interpreted by overseas translators. As a result, different national images have been found in Chung Tzu’s expedition into the English world, which respectively are a gospel-graced ancient China, a mysterious ancient China, an ecological ancient China and a multi-faceted ancient China. Through a meticulous study of the image variations, the operational mechanism of Sino-foreign translational communication has been clarified to better burrow into the formation of the Westerns’ general impression on the Eastern nation.

Abstract In the past ten years, new progress has been made in the study of Chinese overseas, which provides important scientific basis for the work of Chinese overseas and the formulation of relevant policies. Through data mining and analysis of overseas Chinese literature from 2008 to 2021, this work studied the co-occurrence relationships among keywords, authors, research institutions, publication sources of target articles, references and citations. The results suggest a few things. In terms of keyword analysis, there is a high probability that keywords coexist among overseas Chinese, Chinese society and Chinese history. In addition, the degree of cooperation between authors and research institutions in overseas research in China is not high. In terms of target journals, references and citations, resources such as Journal of Overseas Chinese Historical Studies, Overseas Chinese Publishing Company and People’s Publishing House are the main publications published by most overseas Chinese research institutions. In addition, academic articles cite fewer of the journal’s journals. Based on the above problems, this study puts forward relevant recommendations for decision-making, in order to further promote the exchange, sharing and development of China’s overseas research results.

ABSTRACT: In this study,the causative pathogen was isolated from Eucommia ulmoides,verified using Koch’s postulates, identified by morphology and molecular biology, and assessed the biological characteristics. The effects of agar media, pH, temperature, light, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources on hyphal growth of Pestalotiopsistrachicarpicola were under investigation, and the influences of time, liquid matrix, light, temperature on conidial germination were studied. The results showed that P. trachicarpicola was a new pathogen causing black spot disease of E. ulmoides, and the mycelial growth of P.trachicarpicola was the best in the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, pH 7.0, the temperature was 20~25 °C, light, and glucose and beef extract were the best for carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The germination rate of the conidia increased from the time, darkness, and a proper supply of sugar. The lethal temperatures of the hyphae and conidia were 52 °C and 72 °C, respectively.We can conclude that appropriate environmental conditions are more conducive to the growth of the pathogen and the germination of spores, which leads to the occurrence of disease. This study constituted the first report on the new causative pathogen in E. ulmoides black spot and the biological characteristics. Theis study provided a theoretical basis to prevent the occurrence of this disease.

Mozi first came to the English missionary Joseph Edkins’ attention in 1858 as a Confucian heretic. Subsequently, the Dutch missionary Johann Jakob Maria de Groot translated Mozi’s Funerary Doctrine, which has strong religious overtones. Protestantism missionaries were represented by Joseph and Groot, whose renderings of Mozi were replete with theological interpretations. Mozi was imagined as a religious canon, containing Christian doctrine, by the two missionaries who were keen to find commonalities between Mozi and Christianity. They also used Mozi’s status as a Confucian heretic to criticize Confucianism, the archenemy of Christianity. Through this religious imagination of Mozi, more missionaries and sinologists joined Mozi’s translation, and the journey of the canon’s transmission to the West started.

ABSTRACT To solve the problems of low efficiency, poor fertilizer application, and low fertilizer utilization rate of existing wheat layered fertilization devices (LFD). This paper proposed a layered fertilization mode combining shallow fertilizer application based on rotary tillage and middle/deep fertilizer application of layered fertilizer shovel (LFS), and designed a combined spatial layered fertilization device with a fixed proportion. A discrete element simulation model consisting of soil, LFS and fertilizer was established. Taking the variation coefficients of fertilization amount as the evaluation indicator and changing the sidewall deflection angle, rear inclination angle, upper channel length of LFS, a three-factor three-level quadratic rotational orthogonal experiment was carried out. The optimal parameter combination was obtained: the deflection angle was 9.5°, the inclination angle was 57°, and the channel length was 280 mm. The corresponding variation coefficients of fertilizer application depth were 4.55%, 8.44%, and 6.93% while working stably under the optimal combination, which is consistent with the simulation results. The results showed that LFD can apply fertilizer underground in three layers: 0~10, 15, and 20 cm, with the proportion of shallow, middle, and deep fertilizers being 30%, 35%, and 35%, which can meet the agronomic requirements for winter wheat growth.

With the development and application of algorithms as catalysts, the changing modes of information production, dissemination, and consumption have also given rise to a myriad of serious ethical challenges. This study employs a multi-case approach and semistructured in-depth interviews to examine three prominent international information technology companies, namely, Meta, Sina, and Byte Dance. By investigating the utilization of algorithms in content creation and distribution and adopting an epistemic, ethical framework, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of information cocooning resulting from inconclusive algorithmic evidence, the presence of algorithmic black boxes stemming from inscrutable evidence, and the issue of algorithmic bias caused by misguided evidence. Consequently, this paper proposes three fundamental ethical principles for algorithmic systems: certainty, interpretability, and reliability.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a frequência da variação da abertura das pregas vocais, analisada pela videoquimografia digital, com a frequência fundamental da voz, obtida através da análise acústica, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea. Método Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico transversal. Participaram 48 mulheres e 38 homens, de 18 a 55 anos. A avaliação foi composta por análise acústica da voz, obtida pela emissão habitual da vogal /a/ durante 3 segundos, e os dias da semana, e pela videoquimografia digital (DKG), obtida pela emissão habitual das vogais /i/ e /ɛ/. As medidas analisadas foram a frequência fundamental acústica (f0), extraída pelo programa Computerized Speech Lab (CSL), e a frequência dominante da variação de abertura da prega vocal direita (D-freq) e esquerda (E-freq), obtidas através do programa de processamento de imagens KIPS. A montagem dos quimogramas constou na demarcação manual da região, compostas por linhas verticais que delimitaram largura da prega vocal e linhas horizontais que marcaram os terços posterior, médio e anterior da rima glótica. Na análise estatística, o teste Anderson-Darling foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade da amostra. Os testes ANOVA e Tukey foram realizados para a comparação das medidas entre os grupos. Para a comparação da idade entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste Mann-Whitney. Resultados Não existem diferenças entre os valores da medida de frequência analisada pela videoquimografia digital, com a frequência fundamental acústica, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea. Conclusão Os valores da frequência dominante da variação de abertura das pregas vocais, avaliada pela videoquimografia digital, e a frequência fundamental acústica da voz são similares, permitindo uma comparação entre estas medidas na avaliação multidimensional da voz, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the absolute number of serum T lymphocytes and cytokine levels and the characteristics of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess their effect on the immune status of these patients and their diagnostic and predictive value for tuberculosis. Methods: We included 1,069 patients with active tuberculosis, 51 patients with latent tuberculosis infection, and 600 health individuals. Absolute serum T-lymphocyte counts and cytokine levels were quantified. Results: T lymphocytes were significantly reduced in patients with active tuberculosis when compared with healthy individuals. The immune function of patients gradually decreased with age and was stronger in female patients than in males. Th1 cells expressed higher levels of cytokines than did Th2 cells. Logistic regression analysis showed that reduced CD3+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cell counts, as well as reduced IL-4 and IFN-g expression, were independent influencing factors for active tuberculosis. ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of absolute CD3+ T and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts and combined factors were significantly higher than were those of IL-4 and IFN-g for diagnosing active tuberculosis. Conclusions: Serum T-lymphocyte counts and cytokine levels can assess the immune status of tuberculosis patients; they are also useful biomarkers for predicting and diagnosing tuberculosis.

Architectural heritage preservation and dissemination are an important and interesting field in Cultural Heritage. However, for the surveying, mapping and monitoring of architectural heritage, traditional survey methods cost a lot, take much time, and easily cause secondary damage to ancient architectural heritage. Due to the high efficient of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) which may be a smart solution for safe and fast data collection, Taking the Sisheng ancestral hall as a case study, this paper obtains a high-precision point cloud data model and creates an HBIM model through UAV data, which provides a workable solution for the digital protection and the monitoring of architectural heritage. The collected data is processed not only to provide reference data support for cultural relics protection, but also as a reference for long-term heritage monitoring.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.29.2022.13

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess predictive factors for improved diagnostic accuracy with the use of radial-probe EBUS (RP-EBUS). Methods: This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing RP-EBUS between February of 2012 and January of 2020. Parameters including the presence of a bronchus sign on CT scans, the position of the radial EBUS probe, lesion size, lesion location, and lesion type were analyzed in relation to two defined outcomes (final diagnosis or no diagnosis). Univariate analysis was used in order to explore the individual effects of each parameter on diagnostic accuracy. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of diagnostic accuracy. Results: RP-EBUS was used for diagnostic purposes in 101 patients. The lesion was < 3 cm in size in 59 patients (58.4%) and predominantly solid in 60.3%. There was a positive correlation between radial EBUS probe position and diagnostic accuracy (p = 0.036), with 80.9% of the patients showing a bronchus sign on CT scans. Furthermore, 89% of the patients showed a bronchus sign on CT scans and a correlation with diagnostic accuracy (p = 0.030), with 65.8% of the lesions being located in the left/right upper lobe (p = 0.046). When the radial EBUS probe was within the target lesion, the diagnostic yield was = 80.8%. When the probe was adjacent to the lesion, the diagnostic yield was = 19.2%. A bronchus sign on CT scans was the only parameter that independently influenced diagnostic accuracy (adjusted OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.081-9.770; p = 0.036). Conclusions: A bronchus sign on CT scans is a powerful predictor of successful diagnosis by RP-EBUS.

Resumo Fundamento A trombose completa da falsa luz facilita a remodelação da dissecção aórtica tipo B (DATB). As características morfológicas afetam a trombose na falsa luz. Objetivos Discutir os fatores pré-admissão presentes, que influenciam a trombose da falsa luz em pacientes com DATB. Metodologia Ao todo, 282 pacientes diagnosticados com DATB em nosso hospital foram estudados, no período entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2017. Os indivíduos foram divididos em um grupo trombótico e um grupo não trombótico, com base na detecção de qualquer trombo na falsa luz. Analisamos as diferenças entre os dois grupos com relação aos dados clínicos, o comprimento vertical da dissecção e o diâmetro da aorta. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente diferentes de modo significativo. Resultados Diferenças significativas entre o grupo trombótico e o grupo não trombótico foram encontradas com relação à idade (53,92 ± 11,40 vs. 50,36 ± 10,71, p = 0,009) e proporção de pacientes com insuficiência renal (7,83% vs. 16,38%, p = 0,026). Nas zonas 3–9, o diâmetro da luz verdadeira do grupo trombótico foi significativamente maior do que no grupo não trombótico (p < 0,05). A análise de regressão logística binária mostrou que o diâmetro da luz verdadeira na zona 5 e a insuficiência renal foram preditores independentes de trombose da falsa luz. Conclusões A idade e a função renal estiveram associadas à trombose na falsa luz. Potencialmente, a diferença entre o diâmetro da luz verdadeira e o da falsa luz pode influenciar na trombose da falsa luz.

ABSTRACT Various problems are encountered during the screw feeding process of chopped cornstalk. Therefore, it is important to deeply analyze and understand the relationship between conditions and productivity of screw conveyors. This study reveals the influence of air velocity, pitch, rotational speed, and feeding rate on productivity, power consumption, specific power consumption and pressure of material for a coupled screw-pneumatic conveyor. Through a theoretical analysis, a mathematical model is established that simultaneously considers the compression characteristics of the material, material pressure from the change in pitch and centrifugal force of the screw axis, productivity of the coupled screw-pneumatic conveyor, power consumption and specific power consumption. Then, experiments are conducted to investigate the influence of the structural and working parameters of the conveyor on its performance. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical calculation is verified through a comparison with experimental results. The results of the theoretical analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the relative deviations fall within 10%, 13%, 14% and 11% for the productivity, energy consumption, specific consumption and material pressure of the conveyor, respectively. With increasing airflow speed, pitch, rotational speed and feeding volume, the power consumption increases, and the other parameters have their own trends.

ABSTRACT Due to its high nutritional value, broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide. This study assessed 36 phenotypic characteristics of 111 broccoli varieties to understand the phenotypic diversity of new broccoli varieties and improve their breeding speed with advantages and characteristics in China, including 108 new varieties and three varieties of common knowledge. The genetic diversity, the principal component, and the cluster of phenotypic characteristics of broccoli varieties were further investigated. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of 36 characteristics ranged between 11.18 % and 94.99 %, with their diversity index between 0.26 and 1.82. The 111 broccoli varieties were further classified into eight groups, primarily attributed to the differences in phenotypic characteristics, including curd weight, main stem thickness, plant development degree, plant height, and anthocyanin coloration. The cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components reached 81.186 %, corresponding to 12 representative phenotypic traits. The analysis indicated that the phenotypic characteristics of broccoli were rich in diversity, especially for several characteristics appreciated by the market, such as weight, curd firmness, and anthocyanin coloration. This study revealed the basic information on the genetic diversity of new broccoli varieties in China from 2017 to 2019 and provided potential breeding strategies for broccoli to meet diverse market demands.

Abstract The Kaxinawá indigenous people (auto-identified as the Huni Kuĩ) are native to the western Amazon, on the Brazilian border with Peru, and have an extensive biodiversity-related knowledge, which is parti of a coherent social-ecological system. Our study investigated native knowledge of edible forest plants, in three communities within the Kaxinawá Indigenous Land on the Lower Rio Jordão, Acre state, Brazil. The principal methods used were participant observation, open and semi-structured interviews and walk-in-the-woods. The study recorded 89 native food species. Some 60% are managed in food-production areas, with 56% of the recorded species have received little or no scientific study of their food potential. The role which natural systems play in Huni Kuĩ society is indicated by the management and use of a high diversity of native species, which contributes to food security and nutritional sovereignty. However, there is a progressive under-utilization and substitution of forest species, due to the introduction of cultivated exotic species and the increase in consumption of industrialized products. An enhancement of the value given to native food-plants is needed to encourage continuing autonomy of production, and diet diversification, as well as the conservation of sociobiodiversity of traditional peoples in the Amazon through sustainable management practices of the current social-ecological system.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Investigate the effect of closed reduction and per- cutaneous pedicle screw fixation in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 12 cases of single-segment thoracolumbar spine fractures without spinal cord and nerve injury at our department from March 2016 to September 2017. Patients were treated with closed reduction, percutaneous reduction, and internal fixation with solid pedicle screws. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, anterior vertebral body height ratio (AVHR), Cobb angle (CA) of sagittal kyphosis, and VAS of back pain were determined and statistically compared. Results: The average operation time was 147.2 ± 45.6 min, and the average intraoperative bleeding was 67.8 ± 34.2 mL. All fractured vertebrae were completely reduced, their height was restored, and kyphosis was corrected. The average follow-up period was 10.6 ± 2.7 months, with significant improvements seen in the AVHR, CA of sagittal kyphosis, and VAS score (P < 0.01). One case had a broken rod after three months, and another had a postoperative infection. All the patients achieved bony healing. Conclusion: The treatment of thoracolumbar fractures by closed reduction and internal fixation with a percutaneous solid pedicle screw is simple, effective, and economical. Level of Evidence VI; Therapeutic Study, Case Series.

Resumo Fundamento: A disfunção hepática é uma variável postulada de prognóstico desfavorável na cardiomiopatia dilatada (CMD). Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o valor prognóstico do escore albumina-bilirrubina (ALBI), um modelo relativamente novo para a avaliação da função hepática, em pacientes com CMD idiopática. Métodos: Um total de 1.025 pacientes com CMD idiopática foram incluídos retrospectivamente e divididos em três grupos com base nos escores de ALBI: grau 1 (≤ −2,60, n = 113), grau 2 (−2,60 a −1,39, n = 835) e grau 3 (> −1,39, n = 77). Foi analisada a associação do escore ALBI com eventos clínicos adversos maiores (ECAM) intra-hospitalares e mortalidade a longo prazo. Valor de p inferior a 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: A taxa de ECAM intra-hospitalares foi significativamente maior nos pacientes com grau 3 (2,7% versus 7,1% versus 24,7%, p < 0,001). A análise multivariada mostrou que o escore ALBI foi um preditor independente para ECAM intra-hospitalares (odds ratio ajustada = 2,80, IC 95%: 1,63 – 4,80, p < 0,001). Após seguimento mediano de 27 meses, 146 (14,2%) pacientes morreram. A curva de Kaplan-Meier indicou que a taxa cumulativa de sobrevida a longo prazo foi significativamente menor em pacientes com grau mais alto de ALBI (log-rank = 45,50, p < 0,001). O escore ALBI foi independentemente associado à mortalidade a longo prazo (hazard ratio ajustada = 2,84, IC 95%: 1,95 – 4,13, p < 0,001). Conclusão: O escore ALBI, como modelo de risco simples, pode ser considerado uma ferramenta de estratificação de risco para pacientes com CMD idiopática.

INTRODUCTION: The term syndromic autism is used to refer to cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that have a defined cause. A complementary investigation method for the etiological determination of ASD is neurogenetic investigation, and autism can have a hereditary behavior in up to 90% of cases. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to evaluate the occurrence of syndromic autism and the genetic characteristics involved in patients with ASD. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out using data collected from the medical records of 135 children, aged between 2 and 15, who underwent genetic investigation and were diagnosed with ASD by the UNISUL Maternal and Child Ambulatory in Tubarão, Santa Catarina Brazil. RESULTS: According to the results of the genetic tests, 20% of the patients who underwent some type of genetic investigation changed and were included in the group of atypical autists. Among the patients who underwent the CGH Array exam 70.97% had some genetic alteration found, among those who underwent the karyotype 5.26% had changes, followed by 2.31% of the changes in the patients who underwent Fragile X DNA test. It was found that the presence of dysmorphism and microcephaly had statistical significance in the probability of alteration in the investigation. CONCLUSION: In the etiological assessment of autism spectrum disorder is important to carry out the genetic test. The karyotype, Fragile X DNA test and CGH Array detected the etiology in 20% of the children studied. In patients with some dysmorphism, the tests appear to be more sensitive.

1881年至今，英译史已逾百年，庄子作为中国传统经典，成功地在世界文学领域崭露头角，成为海外汉学界和世界文学界惊天动地的文化盛事。全译12部，选译50部，改编2部，在“全译—深译—多元化再译”的蜕变过程中，经历了宗教再解释、文学再解释、哲学再解释和多元化再解释四个阶段。 ”。因此，基于达姆罗什世界文学观的不同时空语境对不同阶段特征的总结，本文从翻译形式、翻译成果、翻译阅读模式等方面阐述庄子进入世界文学领域的路径，以把握民族文学走向世界文学的运行机制。中国文学出国对实际翻译工作的启示。同时，对《庄子》英译史的回顾，有助于本文总结当前翻译活动和研究活动的不足，以期为海外《庄子》研究的未来发展指明方向，提供建设性的指导。建议。从而把握民族文学向世界文学推进的运行机制，致力于对中国文学出国翻译实践工作的启示。同时，对《庄子》英译史的回顾，有助于本文总结当前翻译活动和研究活动的不足，以期为海外《庄子》研究的未来发展指明方向，提供建设性的指导。建议。从而把握民族文学向世界文学推进的运行机制，致力于对中国文学出国翻译实践工作的启示。同时，对《庄子》英译史的回顾，有助于本文总结当前翻译活动和研究活动的不足，以期为海外《庄子》研究的未来发展指明方向，提供建设性的指导。建议。

ABSTRACT Objective: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBCB) has developed rapidly and has become one of the research hotspots of lung biopsy technology. The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of TBCB guided by radial-probe EBUS (RP-EBUS) and a guide sheath (GS) without fluoroscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions. Methods: In this retrospective study, McNemar’s test was used in order to compare TBCB and transbronchial forceps biopsy (TBFB) in terms of diagnostic performance. A multivariate logistic regression model was designed to explore the association between predictive variables and the diagnostic yield of TBCB. Results: A total of 168 patients underwent GS-guided RP-EBUS. Of those, 157 had lesions that were visible and 11 had lesions that were not. Of those 157 patients, 24 were excluded because of missing data or an unclear final diagnosis. Therefore, 133 patients underwent RP-EBUS-GS-guided TBFB and TBCB. The pooled diagnostic yield of RP-EBUS-GS-guided TBCB without fluoroscopy was 71.5% (103/144). In 133 patients, the diagnostic yield of TBCB was significantly higher than that of TBFB (77.4% vs. 59.4%; p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that lesion size and site were independently associated with the diagnostic yield of TBCB (OR = 2.8, p = 0.03 and OR = 4.1, p = 0.01, respectively), although cryoprobe size was not. There was no significant difference between the 1.1-mm cryoprobe and the 1.9-mm cryoprobe in terms of diagnostic performance (78.4% vs. 76.8%; p > 0.05). Conclusions: GS-guided RP-EBUS is regarded as a practical option for guiding cryobiopsy, although it may not be able to replace fluoroscopy. Peripheral pulmonary lesions not located in the upper lobes or larger than 30 mm are significantly associated with a higher diagnostic yield of cryobiopsy.

For Paul Auster, a room is in essence “the substance of solitude itself”, a spatially defined solitude. In this respect, the phenomenon has transcended its physical limitations and assumed existential and philosophical significance. In his writings, a room is first and foremost an architectural space that a solitary writer occupies; besides, it is metaphorized as the mind that is the room—an intellectually constructed space; and lastly, it is a place narrated in his stories where his characters meditate and compose, a space that exists in words. This paper conducts studies on both Auster’s life writings and one of his fictions, Man in the Dark, in the hope of presenting the complexity of the three forms of solitary rooms and their mutual inclusion in intersubjective solitude.

This article will examine Augustine of Hippo’s (354-430) doctrine of the human heart, as, this article explores the conception of the human heart, by Augustine of Hippo (354-430), as Augustine, taking the place of a cardiologist, prescribes intensive therapeutic treatment. Three essential movements of the Augustinian color will be considered. First, Augustine proposes a search for the heart, the secret chamber, the inner vital center in need of being found again. Once the heart is located, we are driven to a second movement: the return to the heart. After diagnosing his own heart disease, an empty heart, Augustine proposes a therapy, the return to the heart in the encounter with a divine therapist, Christ; and a powerful remedy, the crushing of the heart. Third, he climbs with the heart: the heart rises to the top, sursum cor. A healthy heart is an ascending heart, with love as its pacemaker. To return to the heart means, therefore, to return to the nucleus of an authentic existence, through the call not to confine oneself, but to ascend in an opening of love to alterity, to God and to One' s fellows. As an epilogue, we will concisely explore two related contexts in which Augustine uses the image of the heart: community life and spirituality.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity of the day‐1 PELOD‐2 and day‐1 “quick” PELOD‐2 (qPELOD‐2) scores for in‐hospital mortality in children with sepsis in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a developing country. Methods: The data of 516 children diagnosed as sepsis were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into survival group and non‐survival group, according to the clinical outcome 28 days after admission. Day‐1 PELOD‐2, day‐1 qPELOD‐2, pediatric SOFA (pSOFA), and P‐MODS were collected and scored. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the efficiency of the day‐1 PELOD‐2, day‐1 qPELOD‐2 score, pSOFA, and P‐MODS for predicting death were evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results: The day‐1 PELOD‐2 score, day‐1 qPELOD‐2 score, pSOFA, and P‐MODS in the non‐survivor group were significantly higher than those in the survivor group. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of the day‐1 PELOD‐2 score, day‐1 qPELOD‐2 score, pSOFA, and P‐MODS for predicting the prognosis of children with sepsis in the PICU were 0.916, 0.802, 0.937, and 0.761, respectively (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both the day‐1 PELOD‐2 score and day‐1 qPELOD‐2 score were effective and able to assess the prognosis of children with sepsis in a PICU of a developing country. Additionally, the day‐1 PELOD‐2 score was superior to the day‐1 qPELOD‐2 score. Further studies are needed to verify the usefulness of the day‐1 qPELOD‐2 score, particularly outside of the PICU. Resumo: Objetivos: A finalidade de nosso estudo foi avaliar a validade preditiva dos escores PELOD‐2 no dia 1 e “quick” PELOD‐2 no dia 1 com relação à mortalidade hospitalar em crianças com sepse em uma UTIP de um país em desenvolvimento. Métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os dados de 516 crianças diagnosticadas com sepse. As crianças foram divididas em grupo sobrevida e grupo não sobrevida de acordo com o desfecho clínico de 28 dias após internação. Foram coletadas e pontuadas as variáveis PELOD‐2 no dia 1, qPELOD‐2 no dia 1, pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) e Pediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (P‐MODS). A curva da característica de operação do receptor (ROC) foi plotada e a eficiência preditiva do PELOD‐2 no dia 1, o escore qPELOD‐2 no dia 1, pSOFA, P‐MODS com relação a óbito foram avaliados pela área abaixo da curva (AUC) da curva ROC. Resultados: O escore PELOD‐2 no dia 1, escore qPELOD‐2 no dia 1, pSOFA e P‐MODS no grupo não sobrevida foram significativamente maiores do que os no grupo sobrevida. A análise preditiva da curva ROC mostrou que as AUCs do escore PELOD‐2 no dia 1, escore qPELOD‐2 no dia 1, pSOFA e P‐MODS com relação ao prognóstico de crianças com sepse na UTIP foi 0,916, 0,802, 0,937 e 0,761, respectivamente (todas p < 0,05). Conclusões: Tanto o escore PELOD‐2 no dia 1 e o escore qPELOD‐2 no dia 1 foram válidos e conseguiram avaliar o prognóstico de crianças com sepse em uma UTIP de um país em desenvolvimento. Além disso, o escore PELOD‐2 no dia 1 foi superior ao escore qPELOD‐2 no dia 1. São necessários estudos adicionais para verificar a utilidade do escore qPELOD‐2 no dia 1, principalmente fora da UTIP.

A obstrução arterial induzida por materiais de preenchimento pode simular outras condições dermatológicas. Nesta série de casos, os autores descrevem quatro pacientes com obstrução arterial induzida por preenchimento, os quais se apresentaram como erupção cutânea pustulosa que foi diagnosticada erroneamente como infecção herpética. Como o diagnóstico correto e precoce é crucial para a prevenção de cicatrizes, a erupção cutânea pustulosa deve ser reconhecida como uma expressão clínica da obstrução vascular induzida pela injeção cutânea.

As a crop that is rich in oligosaccharides, Jerusalem artichoke is considered one of the most promising plants for production because of its ability to survive in marginal lands, strong resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, ease of conversion into biofuels, and use for food consumption. In the present study, the effects of propagule size on tuberous rhizome production and the physicochemical characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke were evaluated. Five propagule sizes of tuberous rhizome, 10 g (T1), 30 g (T2), 50 g (T3), 70 g (T4), and 90 g (T5), were used in a completely randomized experiment with 5 replicates and 11 plants per replicate. Harvesting was carried out 164 days after planting. The results showed that T1 resulted in the lowest emergence rate, number of tuberous rhizomes and aboveground fresh weight per plant of all the treatments. However, there was no significant difference among treatments in the tuberous rhizome dry weight, pH, titratable acidity, Brix, or reducing sugar. Propagule with tuberous rhizome of 30-50 g is recommended to achieve a high emergence rate and yield.

En esta investigación se propone explorar las relaciones entre el visionado de películas y series subtituladas con el aprendizaje del español dirigido a los estudiantes chinos desde la aproximación a la triangulación investigadora. Para ello, por un lado, se lleva a cabo un estudio de encuesta mediante un cuestionario con la participación de 207 estudiantes chinos de lengua española, procedentes de 42 universidades de China y de España. Por otro lado, se realiza un estudio con enfoque cualitativo mediante entrevistas efectuadas a estudiantes de lengua española y profesoras chinas de ELE (Español como Lengua Extranjera). Los resultados de ambos estudios se analizan conjuntamente para complementar la información obtenida.

O hemangiossarcoma canino é uma neoplasia maligna de células endoteliais dos vasos sanguíneos, altamente metastáticos quando em sua forma visceral, podendo também se manifestar como forma primária cutânea. A espécie canina é descrita como sendo a mais afetada. Machos com idade entre dez e 12 anos são mais predispostos ao desenvolvimento do hemangiossarcoma (HSA). A manifestação clínica da doença é inespecífica e varia conforme a localização do sítio primário ou metástases. O diagnóstico definitivo ocorre através de histopatologia por biópsia do tumor. A terapia se dá por excisão cirúrgica e protocolos terapêuticos oncológicos. O prognóstico é considerado reservado, dependendo de qual fase foi diagnosticada a doença. Esta revisão de literatura tem por objetivo esclarecer e contribuir para o conhecimento da patologia, através da avaliação de órgãos e sistemas acometidos, sinais clínicos bem como apresentação de diagnósticos e tratamentos disponíveis.

The use of valid argument does not come naturally. It is acquired only through practice. This study was accomplished to provide students intended opportunities of engaging activities for launching argumentation in primary classrooms. The focus of the paper is how argumentation was evolved when students engaged in the conjecturing incorporated into regular mathematics instruction over two consecutive years. Working with a group of 6 teachers was to develop conjecturing tasks and pedagogical strategies to support them in teaching, and then to enhance the quality of students’ argumentation when 24 students were in grades 3 and 4. The collected data mainly consisted of conjecturing tasks, audio - and video - taped recordings of classroom observations, and students’ worksheets. Results indicate that the evolution of argumentation was identified in two aspects: the characteristics and the quality of the argumentation.

Abstract Background: Studies have pointed out a higher mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in patients with stent. Objective: To evaluate inflammatory markers in peripheral blood cells and in coronary artery tissue samples obtained during CABG in patients with stent compared to controls. Methods: The case series consisted of two groups, one with previous stent implantation (n = 41) and one control (n = 26). The expression of the LIGHT, IL-6, ICAM, VCAM, CD40, NFKB, TNF, IFNG genes was analyzed in peripheral blood cells collected preoperatively. The coronary artery was evaluated for: interleukin-6, ICAM, VCAM, CD40, NFKB, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma by immunohistochemistry. A total of 176 tissue samples were grouped for analysis in: A1- arteries with stent (n = 38); A2- native arteries from patients with stent in another artery (n = 68); and A3- arteries without stent from controls undergoing routinely CABG surgery (n = 70). A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results: Patients with stent showed higher TNF (p = 0.03) and lower CD40 gene expression (p = 0.01) in peripheral blood cells than controls without stent. In coronary artery samples, the TNF-alpha protein staining was higher in the group A1, not only in the intima-media layer (5.16 ± 5.05 vs 1.90 ± 2.27; p = 0.02), but also in the adipose tissue (6.69 ± 3.87 vs 2.27 ± 4.00; p < 0.001). Furthermore, group A1 had a higher interleukin-6 protein staining in adipose tissue than group A3 (p = 0.04). Conclusion: We observed a persistently higher systemic TNF expression associated with exacerbated TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 local production in patients with stents. This finding may contribute to a worse clinical outcome.

Los abundantemente documentados efectos negativos del programa de vivienda básica, llevaron hace alrededor de 10 años a cambiar la política pública de vivienda social en Chile. Sin embargo, extensos conjuntos de vivienda de baja calidad, edificados al alero de este programa, siguen de pie. Estos vecindarios construidos por el Estado han sido profundamente alterados por sus habitantes, que han ampliado informalmente sus hogares. El presente artículo es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo por el Centro de Investigación Social (CIS) de Un Techo para Chile, dónde adoptando un enfoque de vulnerabilidad social y una perspectiva multidisciplinar, se relacionan las ampliaciones en las viviendas con tres aspectos: el control de los padres sobre los hijos al interior de la vivienda, la incorporación de actividades económicas al hogar, y la articulación de la relación entre el espacio doméstico, y el público. El espacio público aparece como la principal fuente de los riesgos que los pobladores enfrentan a diario, por lo que los hogares buscan maximizar los beneficios que pueden obtener de éste, pero a la vez, minimizando el contacto con él.