5 results on '"LITCHI"'
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2. Unidade amostral para determinação de massa média de frutos em lichieira em sistema orgânico e convencional.
- Author
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de Andrade, Renata Aparecida and Jasper, Samir Paulo
- Subjects
- *
LITCHI , *FRUIT development , *FRUIT sampling , *ORGANIC farming , *BOTANICAL research - Abstract
The experimental unit of measurement is a suitable technique to estimate the average character in evaluation, and experimentation should be well understood and executed, because the precision characterizes the quality of the inferences of the results. This research aimed to analyze the possibility to obtaining the quantity of fruit required for sampling of lychee plants, to determining the average mass of the fruits, with less sampling error. One hundred fruits were collected, in a hectare, in two cropping systems, conventional and organic, being one fruit per plant. From the data of fruit mass was used the Excel® to calculate the average fruit mass and number of fruits samples needed to represent the area of the producer. The results show that to achieve a sampling error of 10% for determining the average mass of fruit, 400 fruits should be collected for organic system and 370 for the conventional, while for 20% sampling error, it is necessary to collect 250 fruits per hectare in organic system and 220 in the conventional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
3. Pós-colheita de lichia 'Bengal' tratada com etileno e 1-metilciclopropeno.
- Author
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Fabio Vaz de Lima, Juan Saavedra del Aguila, Edwin Moisés Marcos Ortega, and Ricardo Alfredo Kluge
- Subjects
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PROPENE , *ETHYLENE , *LITCHI , *COLOR of fruit , *POLYPHENOL oxidase , *PLANT hormones - Abstract
The objective was to determine the physiological and biochemical changes associated with the use of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on postharvest conservation of lychees as well as the influence of these treatments alone or in combination on skin browning of fruit. After harvest, it was applied the following treatments: without application of 1-MCP or ethylene, ethylene (20mL L-1 for 6 hours), 1-MCP (300nL L-1 for 12h) and ethylene (20mL L-1 for 6 hours) + 1-MCP (300nL L-1 for 6 hours). After treatments, fruits were stored at 5°C and 90% RH for 30 days and were evaluated every 10 days (+3 days of simulated marketing at 25ºC and 65% RH). The ethylene production, respiration rate, soluble solids (SS), weight loss, color (lightness - L * and a*) and polyphenoloxidase activity (PPO) were evaluated. Ethylene production and respiration rate showed no significant differences between treatments, and SS decreased over the storage, but there was also no difference between treatments. The enzyme activity showed an increase in PPO, which was correlated to the decreasing rates of L * and a*, occurring in parallel, increased fruit weight loss. It is concluded that the skin browning of lychee is related to weight loss and increased activity of PPO, and that none of the treatments prevented the sking browning of fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Pré-resfriamento em água de lichia 'B3' mantida em armazenamento refrigerado.
- Author
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del Aguila, Juan Saavedra, Hofman, Peter, Campbell, Terrence, Marques, José Roberto, Aguila, Lília Sichmann Heiffig - del, and Kluge, Ricardo Alfredo
- Subjects
- *
PRECOOLING , *LITCHI , *FRUIT , *COLD storage , *WATER immersion , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *WEIGHT loss , *BRIGHTNESS temperature , *ANALYSIS of variance , *COMPRESSED air - Abstract
This project studied the effects of different precooling temperatures and times with water on lychee 'B3' fruit quality cold storage. The treatments were: T1 = control (without precooling); T2 = immersed in water at 2.5°C for five minutes; T3 = immersed in water at 2.5°C for ten minutes; T4 = immersed in water at 2.5°C for 20 minutes; T5 = immersed in water at 6°C for seven minutes; T6 = immersed in water at 8°C for 20 minutes and T7 = immersed in water at 10oC for ten minutes. After treatments application, the fruits were then placed into polyethylene bags of 24μm, sealed, and stored for seven days at 5°C and 90% RH, plus 3 days at 20oC and 70% RH to simulate commercial conditions. Completely randomized experimental design, with factorial 7×3 (treatments x time). The research used four replicates for treatment, approximately 150g. It was determined: weight loss, color (L*, a and b), browning (%) and rots (%). According to the results, the lychee hydrocooling reduced the browning percentage, the brightness decrease (L *) and a values. In the other hand, this treatment also resulted in higher percentage of rots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Litchi chinensis Sonn.: estudos microbiológicos e fitoquímicos
- Author
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LOPES, Marisa de Oliveira, SILVA, Geraldo Alves da, CHAVASCO, Jorge Kleber, BORIOLLO, Marcelo Fabiano Gomes, and SILVA, Marcelo Aparecido da
- Subjects
Litchi ,Compostos Fenólicos ,Flavonoides ,Agentes antibacterianos ,FARMACIA [CIENCIAS DA SAUDE] - Abstract
A espécie Litchi chinensis Sonn., popularmente conhecida como lichieira, é originária da China e tem aplicações medicinais em muitos países, em especial pela medicina tradicional chinesa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar química e biologicamente o extrato de folhas e frações desta espécie. Foi preparado o extrato hidroetanólico das folhas e, a partir da partição líquido-líquido, foram obtidas as frações hexânica, acetato de etila, butanólica e aquosa. Foi utilizada a técnica de espectrometria de massas ESI-IT-MSn para traçar o perfil do extrato e das frações. Procedeu-se à quantificação dos teores de fenóis totais, de flavonoides totais, do poder sequestrante do radical DPPH e do poder redutor do extrato de folhas e frações. Além disso, foram avaliadas também as seguintes atividades biológicas in vitro: antimicrobiana para bactérias e fungos (ensaio da difusão em ágar e concentração inibitória mínima), leishmanicida e citotoxicidade. O extrato de folhas e frações apresentaram compostos fenólicos como principais constituintes químicos, tais como flavonoides (agliconas e heterosídeos) e taninos condensados. Os resultados da determinação dos fenólicos totais e flavonoides demonstraram que existe uma maior concentração destes compostos na fração acetato de etila em relação ao extrato de folhas e às outras frações e a avaliação do poder sequestrante de radicais DPPH e do poder redutor demonstra que esta fração também apresentou maior atividade antioxidante in vitro em comparação ao extrato de folhas e às outras frações. Assim, evidencia-se a possível correlação entre estes compostos e a atividade antioxidante. O extrato de folhas de L. chinensis e frações testados neste trabalho apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra as seguintes bactérias gram-positivas: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus e frente à bactéria gram-negativa Proteus mirabilis. O extrato de folhas de L. chinensis e frações não apresentaram atividade contra L. amazonensis até a concentração testada de 40 µg/mL, nem tampouco apresentaram toxicidade aos macrófagos murinos até a concentração testada (160 µg/mL). A fração acetato de etila (FrAcOEt) do extrato de folhas apresentou os melhores resultados quanto ao teor de fenóis totais, flavonoides totais, a melhor atividade antioxidante e os menores valores de concentração inibitória mínima, evidenciando assim a viabilidade desta fração do extrato de folhas como fonte potencial de compostos bioativos. The species Litchi chinensis Sonn., popularly known as litchi, originated in China and has medicinal applications in many countries, particularly in traditional chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate leaf extract and fractions of this species both chemically and biologically. The hydroethanolic leaf extract was prepared, and from the liquid-liquid partition, the fractions hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous acetate were obtained. The technique of mass spectrometry ESI -IT-MSn was used to determine the profile the extract and fractions. The quantification of total phenolic content, total flavonoid, the scavenging power of DPPH radical and the reducing power of leaf extracts and fractions was carried out. In addition, the following in vitro biological activities were also evaluated: antimicrobial for bacteria and fungi (agar diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration), leishmanicidal and cytotoxicity. The leaf extract and fractions showed phenolic compounds as major chemical constituents, such as flavonoids (aglycones and glycosides) and condensed tannins. The results of the determination of total phenolics and flavonoids have shown that there is a higher concentration of these compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction compared to the leaf extract and other fractions and evaluation of scavenging power of DPPH radical and reducing power demonstrates that this fraction also showed higher antioxidant activity in vitro compared to the leaf extract and other fractions. Thus, there is evidence of a possible correlation between these compounds and antioxidant activity. The leaf extract of L. chinensis and fractions tested in this work had the following antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus and against the gram-negative bacteria Proteus mirabilis. The leaf extract of L. chinensis and fractions showed no activity against L. amazonensis tested up to a concentration of 40 mg/mL, nor were toxic to murine macrophages in the concentration tested (160 mg/mL). The ethyl acetate fraction (FrAcOEt) of leaf extracts showed the best results on the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, the best antioxidant activity and the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration, thus demonstrating the viability of this fraction of the leaf extract as a potential source of bioactive compounds.
- Published
- 2014
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