Search

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31948/rev.criterios.25.1-art-5 El presente artículo describe la implementación de estrategias en torno al fortalecimiento del clima laboral en la Clínica Oftalmológica Praga S.A.S. Para este fin se efectuó un diagnóstico que incluyó 35 colaboradores y que permitió conocer el estado de esta variable. Este diagnóstico se obtuvo a través del test ‘Teoría y Técnicas de Desarrollo Organizacional’ de Marín, Melgar y Castaño (2015). Con base en los resultados obtenidos en este test, se realizó un trabajo con los líderes de cada proceso, al considerar que su rol dentro de la organización cumple un papel indispensable por ser entes de motivación e influencia en sus grupos de trabajo. La ejecución de acciones trasformadoras integró subvariables como: Dirección, Involucración al cambio, Solución de conflictos, Intercambio de información, entre otras, las cuales aportaron en gran medida al mejoramiento del bienestar de la organización y sus colaboradores.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of electronic devices as entertainment and recreation means has directly affected adolescents’ lives; however their excessive use may bring consequences. This study aimed at observing the prevalence of primary headaches and their possible association with excessive use of computers among adolescents. METHODS: Participated in the study 262 teenagers aged between 14 and 19 years, students of a public school, who have answered a questionnaire to evaluate socio-demographic variables, data on computer use, presence of headache symptoms and level of physical activity. Multiple models of binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to evaluate the association among variables. Significance level was 5%. RESULTS: Prevalence of headache was 87.8%. There has been no significant difference in the prevalence of headache between genders, but among classification types, tension headache was more prevalent among females (35.4%). Females aged between 12 and 15 years and excessive computer use had higher chances of reporting headache. Females have 15.61 times more chance of reporting tension headache. Adolescents reporting excessive computer use had 2.54 times more chance of reporting migraine. CONCLUSION: Results have shown high prevalence of primary headache among adolescents, being migraine the most prevalent type. Abusive computer use were considered risk factors for the development of headache.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of electronic devices has reconfigured the daily life of adolescents; however, their excessive use may be associated to health problems. This study aimed at observing the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among adolescents and its association with the use of computers and videogames. METHODS: Sample was made up of 265 adolescents of both genders (14 to 19 years old), students of a public school, who have answered a questionnaire about the use of electronic devices, musculoskeletal pain, physical activity and demographics. Values of absolute and relative frequency, confidence intervals and mean and standard deviation were expressed for descriptive analysis. Independent t and Chi-square tests were used for comparison between genders, and multiple logistic regression model was used for association test. All tests had significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 72.1%, being significantly higher for females. There has been no association between musculoskeletal pain and the use of electronic devices; however it was identified that females had 10.66 times more probability of reporting this type of pain. Cervical and thoraco-lumbar pains were associated to females (OR=1.80), and individuals attending the 2nd and 3rd year were associated to cervical pain (OR≥2.26). CONCLUSION: There has been high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among adolescents, especially females. Although not observing association between pain and use of electronic devices, it was noted that those attending the last years of high school and of the female gender had higher risk to develop musculoskeletal pain.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of headache in adolescents and its association with excessive use of electronic devices and games. The sample comprised 954 adolescents of both sexes (14 to 19 years) who answered a questionnaire about use of computers and electronic games, presence of headache and physical activity. The binary and multinomial logistic regression, with significance level of 5% was used for inferential analysis. The prevalence of headache was 80.6%. The excessive use of electronics devices proved to be a risk factor (OR = 1.21) for headache. Subjects aged between 14 and 16 years were less likely to report headache (OR = 0.64). Regarding classification, 17.9% of adolescents had tension-type headache, 19.3% had migraine and 43.4% other types of headache. The adolescents aged form 14 to 16 years had lower chance (OR ≤ 0.68) to report the tension-type headache and other types of headache. The excessive use of digital equipment, electronic games and attending the third year of high school proved to be risk factors for migraine-type development (OR ≥ 1.84). There was a high prevalence of headache in adolescents and high-time use of electronic devices. We observed an association between excessive use of electronic devices and the presence of headache, and this habit is considered a risk factor, especially for the development of migraine-type.