Search

Objectives: To identify in the scientific literature the prevalence, diagnostic methods, and exposure variables of latent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthcare workers., Methods: An integrative review of the scientific literature based on the following review question: What are the available scientific evidence in the literature that address the prevalence of latent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthcare workers and its association with possible risk factors among these workers?, Results: Being a physician or nurse, being older, and being male were generally associated with higher prevalences. The study also showed that interferon-gamma release assays were more commonly used as a diagnostic method compared to skin tests., Conclusions: More studies are needed regarding the epidemiology of latent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the context of healthcare workers, aiming for higher impact actions that contribute to the reduction of tuberculosis worldwide.

This study aimed to evaluate the body composition of the Khisêdjê, an Indigenous people residing in the Xingu Indigenous Territory, and compare it to the results obtained by anthropometry. One hundred seventy-nine individuals aged above 20 of both genders were included. The nutritional status was classified per the cutoff proposed by the WHO (1995). The body composition was identified using measures derived directly from a bioelectrical impedance device (resistance - R, reactance - Xc, and phase angle - PA). Data were analyzed using the Student t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation, and analysis of variance, and 57% of the sample was male. The mean age of the population was 37.5 years, and 48% of subjects had some overweight level (BMI ≥ 25,0 kg/m2). We identified a positive correlation between BMI with waist (WC) and arm (AC) circumference, and PA measurements, and an inverse correlation between BMI and R and Xc measurements. R and Xc mean values decreased with increasing BMI. In contrast, mean PA increased with greater weight. The results suggest that being overweight among the Khisêdjê Indigenous people was associated with higher muscle mass amounts.

Objective: To identify the presence of musculoskeletal pain during the working day among nursing professionals in material and sterilization centers., Method: A cross-sectional study with 36 nursing professionals who answered a questionnaire for personal characterization and diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders and Corlett and Manenica's diagram of painful areas at the beginning and end of the working day. Frequency distribution analysis, Fisher's exact test and likelihood ratio were carried out., Results: The presence of pain was reported by 80.6% (n = 29) of the participants at the start of the working day and 94.4% (n = 34) at the end, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 66.6% (n = 24). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of segments with pain between professionals with and without a diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders, in the initial and final assessments. The lumbar spine had a higher prevalence of pain in both assessments., Conclusion: The prevalence of pain increased towards the end of the working day and indicates that there may be a relationship between the work process and the development of pain. It is important to identify working conditions that may contribute to the onset of pain and to adopt preventive measures.

Objective: To analyze management styles in outpatient clinics of university hospitals and their impacts on the nursing workers' health., Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional study with 388 nursing professionals working in 11 outpatient clinics linked to public universities in Rio de Janeiro. The Management Styles Scale, the Pathogenic Suffering at Work Scale, and the Work-Related Physical and Psychosocial Harms Scale were used., Results: The managerial and collective management styles showed a moderate presence for the outpatient clinics nursing staff. The characteristics of the predominantly managerial management style, evidenced by the lack of participation in decision-making, the strongly hierarchical work, focused on norms and control, acted as predictors of the experiences of suffering and of the physical, psychological, and social damages presented by the professionals working in this context., Conclusion: The analysis of management styles allowed elucidating characteristics that have the potential to negatively impact the workers' health, highlighting the need to review the management models currently adopted for the outpatient nursing team.

Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic, work and health profile of nursing professionals working in university outpatient clinics and their association with presenteeism., Method: Cross-sectional study carried out with 388 nursing workers from 11 university outpatient units in the city of Rio de Janeiro. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the SPS-6 scale were used. The crossed-product odds ratio and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated., Results: Presenteeism was found in more than half of the professionals (51%, n=198), with the odds ratio being 2.12 times higher (95% CI 1.02-4.40) in professionals with a stable work bond, 6.67 times (95% CI 2.51-17.67) in chronic patients, and 3.06 times (95% CI 1.97-4.74) in patients with absenteeism behavior., Conclusion: There is a relationship between presenteeism and the profile of nursing professionals. Many productive hours may be being lost, in view of the presenteeism behavior of the participants.

Objectives: to understand circle dance as an integrative and complementary practice for health promotion in older adults' daily lives., Methods: an interpretive, qualitative study, based on Michel Maffesoli's Comprehensive Sociology of Everyday Life. There were 20 participants, 17 older adults and three focalizers in circles held in Basic Health Units in a municipality in southern Brazil. Data were collected through interviews and observation, between September 2016 and March 2017, and analyzed through preliminary analysis, ordering, key links, coding and categorization., Results: three categories emerged that express the daily life of circle dance with older adults: circles that spin; challenges for new circles to spin; entering, being and staying in the circle., Final Considerations: circle dance provided older adults with a feeling of belonging to a group, combined with pleasure and well-being, contributing to promotion of older adults' health.

Objective: to identify the types of career anchors of university hospital nurses and alignment with current work, from the perspective of workers' health., Method: a descriptive and quantitative study, developed in a university hospital with 135 nurses, from December 2018 to February 2019. The Career Orientations Inventory was used as an instrument and an instrument to assess the alignment of career anchors to the current job., Results: it was identified that the most frequent anchors were: Security/Stability, Service/Dedication to a Cause, and Lifestyle. Among nurses, 63.7% were not aligned with their career anchor., Conclusion: the alignment factor is not prevalent among nurses, demonstrating that most seek to meet their professional motivations, but do not find it in their current work, which can lead to physical exhaustion and psychological distress.

Objective: To discuss the challenges for humanization at work, from the perception of Nursing educators., Method: A descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative research study conducted at a public university in Espírito Santo, with 19 Nursing educators who answered the semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was used for data treatment, constituting two categories: interpersonal relationships and work organization., Results: The challenges for humanization at work were based on relational issues and work overload. Regarding interpersonal relationships, lack of respect and dialog and relationship problems were highlighted. Regarding the organization of work, it encompassed issues related to the content of tasks, workload, excess of activities, and work pressures., Conclusion: Relational elements and work organization are challenges for humanization, affecting the health of the educators and interfering in the organization of healthy and welcoming workspaces, contrary the National Humanization Policy.

Armed violence is a contemporary phenomenon that has impacted the field of health as an obstacle to some services. With the expansion of Family Health Strategy units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, family health teams are present in territories with frequent armed conflicts, thus exposing health workers to danger. In order to identify and prevent the risks for family health teams, a strategy called Safer Access was implemented. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the Safer Access strategy on the work process of health professionals in violent territories. An intervention study was conducted with 13 health workers in a family health unit in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, a territory with great social vulnerability, marked by intense violence. The underlying theoretical and methodological frame of reference was institutional analysis. The methodology drew on institutional social/clinical encounters to provide reflections on the Safer Access strategy, which proved powerful for dealing with armed violence, helping Family Health teams to organize their work processes in order to prevent incidents and improve access to health for the community.

Objectives: to analyze the training of Family Health Strategy health professionals who work in dangerous territories affected by the armed conflict and its consequences in their practice., Methods: a qualitative-intervention research carried out with thirteen health professionals, using as a theoretical-methodological framework the institutional socioclinic., Results: they present and discuss from the analysis of implications of researcher and participants with training, and professional practices and transformations that occurred as intervention work progresses., Final Considerations: learning strategies should incorporate empirical and scientifically proven knowledge. Thus, the spectrum of this knowledge would expand dynamically where the situation of violence in its manifestation of armed conflict is a social and political issue and not just a gap in training.

Objective: A significant proportion of the infants developed recurrent wheezing after an acute bronchiolitis (AB) event. Recent studies have demonstrated protection for recurrent wheeze and lower respiratory morbidity in infants treated with azithromycin during an acute respiratory wheezing. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that administration of azithromycin during an AB event reduces subsequent wheezing and hospital re-admissions., Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, including unpublished data of wheezing and hospitalizations during the initial 6 months following admission for acute viral bronchiolitis. The study was performed in a tertiary University hospital. Infants (<12 months of age) hospitalized with AB were randomized to receive either azithromycin or placebo, administered orally, for 7 days. Families were contacted by telephone at 3 and 6 months after the initial acute event and answered to a standardized questionnaire in order to identify recurrent wheezing and hospital readmissions., Results: One hundred and four patients were included (Azithromycin group, n= 50; placebo group, n=54). Considering the total of patients contacted 3 months after hospitalization (n=70), the recurrence rate of wheezing in the azithromycin group was significantly lower than in the placebo group (RR = 0.48; CI = 0.24-0.98; p = 0.038)., Conclusion: Azithromycin significantly reduces the risk of subsequent wheezing between 0 and 3 months after hospital admission due to acute bronchiolitis irrespective of the presence of respiratory syncytial virus.

Objective: To determine the agreement between body self-image (based on the Stunkard figure rating scale) and nutritional status and to evaluate body satisfaction among the Khisêdjê indigenous people of Parque Indígena do Xingu (Xingu Indigenous Park)., Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 131 natives aged 20 and older. Data on body image, body mass index and waist circumference were collected. Kappa statistics, χ2 (p < 0.05), crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and Student's t-test were used for data analysis., Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was respectively 42 and 5.3%. The percentage of satisfaction with body profile was 61.8% with no difference between the sexes. There was good agreement between actual and ideal self-image (p < 0.001), but poor agreement between actual and ideal self-image with nutritional status for both sexes. A higher prevalence of body dissatisfaction due to overweight was detected in individuals with central obesity and overweight., Conclusion: The results suggest that body self-image evaluated by the Stunkard silhouette scale has little applicability as an indicator of nutritional status among the indigenous Khisêdjê of Xingu Indigenous Park.

Objectives: To characterize the main identified mutations on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in a group of children and adolescents at a cystic fibrosis center and its association with the clinical and laboratorial characteristics., Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study including patients with cystic fibrosis who had two alleles identified with CFTR mutation. Clinical, anthropometrical, laboratorial and pulmonary function (spirometry) data were collected from patients' records in charts and described with the results of the sample genotyping., Results: 42 patients with cystic fibrosis were included in the study. The most frequent mutation was F508del, covering 60 alleles (71.4%). The second most common mutation was G542X (six alleles, 7.1%), followed by N1303K and R1162X mutations (both with four alleles each). Three patients (7.14%) presented type III and IV mutations, and 22 patients (52.38%) presented homozygous mutation for F508del. Thirty three patients (78.6%) suffered of pancreatic insufficiency, 26.2% presented meconium ileus, and 16.7%, nutritional deficit. Of the patients in the study, 59.52% would be potential candidates for the use of CFTR-modulating drugs., Conclusions: The mutations of CFTR identified more frequently were F508del and G542X. These are type II and I mutations, respectively. Along with type III, they present a more severe cystic fibrosis phenotype. More than half of the sample (52.38%) presented homozygous mutation for F508del, that is, patients who could be treated with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor. Approximately 7% of the patients (7.14%) presented type III and IV mutations, therefore becoming candidates for the treatment with Ivacaftor.

Objective We evaluated the association between vitamin D levels and nutritional status, pulmonary function and pulmonary exacerbations in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Methods 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of 37 children and adolescents were retrospectively evaluated. Pulmonary function, body mass index, height for age, and pulmonary exacerbations episodes were associated with vitamin D levels divided into two groups: sufficient (≥30ng/mL) and hypovitaminosis (<30ng/mL). Results Hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D <30ng/mL) was observed in 54% of subjects. The mean level of 25(OH)D was 30.53±12.14ng/mL. Pulmonary function and nutritional status were not associated with vitamin D levels. Pulmonary exacerbations over a 2-year period (p=0.007) and the period from measurement up to the end of the follow-up period (p=0.002) were significantly associated with vitamin D levels. Conclusion Hypovitaminosis D was associated with higher rates of pulmonary exacerbations in this sample of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Hypovitaminosis D should be further studied as a marker of disease severity in cystic fibrosis. Further prospective and randomized studies are necessary to investigate causality of this association.