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La llamada “tercera edad” es una fase de la vida, marcada por prejuicios. La imagen corporal es la representación del cuerpo que cada persona construye en su mente, influenciada por cambios psicológicos. La ropa cambia nuestra manera de pensar y podemos sentirnos superhéroes solamente cambiando la vestimenta. Hablar de moda en la tercera edad, rompiendo los cánones de belleza preestablecidos, es extraño, la “arruga no es bella”, sin embargo, como consumidores, son un grupo activo, y se convertirán en el motor de la llamada silver economy, ya que “Son personas activas a las que les gusta cuidarse, hacer deporte, comer bien, ir a la moda y divertirse”. Sentirse guapa influye en la percepción de la salud, es decir sentirse bien por fuera hace que se sienta bien por dentro. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es evaluar la influencia de la moda en las personas mayores como potenciador de la autoestima, por lo tanto, como mejora de su salud y hacer de Zamora un referente de silverización del sector de la moda. (Espacio fashion week de la moda Silver). Metodología: revisión de la literatura. Resultados alcanzados: las personas mayores son un mercado en aumento, con rentas considerables, buena salud, interés por disfrutar, ilusiones y una estructura de consumo característica, se debería considerar sus exigencias a la hora de diseñar y comercializar haciendo una moda cómoda y funcional. Discusión: son pocos los resultados obtenidos; ante este hecho vemos que es un tema novedoso. Es un tema a desarrollar en nuevas investigaciones. Conclusión: el escaparate que vemos de las personas, es en principio, como va vestida; la forma de combinar los colores, de utilizar los complementos, se sentirse cómoda y elegante, influye sobre la percepción de la salud.

Para cumplir con los objetivos sanitarios será preciso modificar el modelo de atención, adaptándose a los tiempos actuales; será necesario el desarrollo de las tecnologías informáticas en la salud para prestar una atención con valor añadido. Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación tienen que jugar un papel cada vez más importante en el sistema sanitario con el propósito de mejorar la salud de las personas de una manera eficiente, y representarán un cambio de paradigma tanto para los enfermos como para los profesionales y las organizaciones sanitarias. Objetivo: conocer la mejor evidencia disponible relacionada con la implantación del programa de teleenfermería/telemedicina para la reducción de la carga de las enfermedades crónicas, seguimiento de los cuidados y dar mayor accesibilidad al sistema. Material y Método: Revisión bibliográfica de la literatura. Resultados: La teleenfermería resultó ser eficaz, en la educación y el asesoramiento para el autocuidado por personal de enfermería que proporciona educación a pacientes con diabetes, hipertensión arterial, dislipemias, insuficiencia cardiaca, disminuyendo los ingresos hospitalarios. Reduce el número de visitas a la consulta, los costes y distancias. Discusión: La rápida información sobre el estado de los pacientes, es una de sus mejores armas, supone un avance importante ya que la tendencia actual es que los pacientes mejoren y tomen responsabilidades sobre su “autocuidado”

Music therapy is the use of music and all kinds of musical experiences to restore, maintain and / or improve the physical and psychological health of people. Music therapy is a therapy that supports pharmacological therapy and is part of one of the complementary therapies recommended by the World Health Organization to nurses as one of the strategies to achieve the goal of “Health for all” in the year 2000 . The intervention programs are specifically designed to meet the individual needs of people and help them in achieving different therapeutic objectives, which can be directed to the following dimensions: physical, cognitive, socio-emotional and / or spiritual. The objective of this review is to evaluate the available evidence on the beneficial effects of the application of music as a nurse intervention. A systematic review has been carried out in the main databases, Medlin, Cochrane Plus, Scielo, Cuiden, Scopus, google scholar, tripdatabase. 48 studies were found using different combinations of the descriptors. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after a first selection of reading the title and summary, 35 articles were selected. 3 articles of referential search are added. After reading the full article we are left with 7 articles that are the reason for our review, the 14 articles are 10 Systematic Reviews and 4 Randomized Clinical Trials, in the absence of Meta-analysis. After the detailed analysis of the bibliography, we can conclude that a good use of music produces positive effects in patients, this being an economic and complementary intervention of pharmacology. Positive effects occur in hospitalized patients, with cancer, with depression and in patients undergoing invasive processes

Objective: To analyze the influence of different risk factors on the age at which a stroke occurs. Method: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted including all patients admitted consecutively with ischemic stroke at the University Hospital of Burgos (Spain). Sociodemographic and clinical, parameters were collected, exploring possible association with patient’s age by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: 436 patients were included, with a mean age of 75.39 years (SD ±12.674). The most frequent risk factors were high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. In the case of having a personal history of arterial hypertension (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.49; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.49-4.16), having a sedentary lifestyle (OR 3.24; 95%CI 1.97-5.31) was related with a greater probability that the patient is aged 75 years or older. However, being overweight/obese (OR 0.51; 95%CI 0.30-0.88), being an active smoker (OR 0.47; 95%CI 0.02-0.11) or alcohol consumption (OR 0.42; 95%CI 0.26-0.69) increased the probability of stroke occurrence before 75 years. Conclusion: The age of occurrence of a case is related to the occurrence of certain risk factors, which are determined in the planning of future education campaigns.

Objective: To develop a protocol in thecare of patients with advanced dementiaand feed problems,according to thescientific evidence. Method: A systematic review was carried out, consulting CUIDEN, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCIELO, HEALTH GUIDE and NHS databases as well as protocols of Scientific Societies and Health Centers. The DeCs and MeSH terms related to the objective of the study were used. Studies published in English or Spanish were selected, since 2000, which assessed dysphagia and eating disorders in the person with dementia, with at least the summary available. Results: Nine studies were selected, whose results allowed to develop an action protocol in patients with advanced dementia and feed problems. In the protocol obtained, any intervention in this type of patients should be based on the previous comprehensive geriatric and nutritional assessment. Conclusion: The implementation of the dysphagia and eating disorders protocol in patients with advanced dementia improves their clinical and nutritional status.

This descriptive transversal research studies the relationship between number of falls in the last month and fall risk on one side; and frailty situation in older adults on the other side; through a 194 old institutionalized people sample. Frailty is measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery; previous falls in the last month are measured with the number of events, and fall risk with Downton scale. The results do not show any significant differences in frailty groups related to the number of previous falls in the last month. However, significant differences do exist between frailty groups established in SPPB and fall risk; then, since descriptive results, they show how the arithmetical averages in fall risk increase as the continuum robust-prefrail-frail-dependent advances towards dependency. Concerning differences between groups, it is found that dependent group has got significant differences with all other (p=,001), there are significant differences also in frail-robust (p=,003). In opposition, the relation frail-prefrail and frail-robust do not show any significant differences Results allow the detection of high level fall risk population, which enables early intervention implementations aimed to falls prevention based on differences found between groups.

This descriptive transversal research studies frailty situation in older adults and basic and instrumental activities of daily living relationship through a 194 old institucionalized people sample. Frailty is measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery; basic activities of daily living with Barthel Index and instrumental activities of daily living with Lawton and Brody scale. Descriptive results show how the arithmetical averages in both activities of daily living decrease as the continuum robust-prefrail-frail-dependent advances towards dependency. There are significant differences in all subscales of Short Physical Performance Battery, as well as in Barthel and Lawton and Brody (p,001). Regarding to Barthel and SPPB groups, significant differences among all of them were found (,007p,001), except in the robust-prefrail relation, where differences are not meaningful. Concerning Lawton and Brody, differences are significant (,041p,001); except in fragil-prefrail relation. The differences found between groups allow an early diagnosis and interventions aimed to prevent or reverse the progress towards a dependency situation.

Estudio descriptivo y transversal que pretende estableces la relación de la situación de fragilidad en adultos mayores institucionalizados y la calidad de vida de los mismos en una muestra compuesta por 194 participantes. La fragilidad se mide con la herramienta Short Physical Performance Battery y la calidad de vida con la escala GENCAT; ambas con buenas propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos de fragilidad en relación a la calidad de vida, tanto en su puntuación total como en cada una de sus subescalas. Además, tomando el valor numérico total de la escala SPPB, aparece una correlación estadísticamente significativa con la puntuación total en calidad de vida y con todas sus subescalas; de forma que, a medida que el estado de fragilidad avanza hacia la dependencia, la calidad de vida disminuye. Los resultados sugieren que, el síndrome de fragilidad, además de tratamientos encaminados a paliar el deterioro físico y funcional de las personas mayores, debería ser abordado igualmente desde las esferas social y emocional.

Investigación transversal y de tipo descriptivo para estudiar la relación entre la situación de fragilidad de las personas mayores institucionalizadasyla presencia de úlceras por presión yel riesgo desufrirlas;en una muestra de 194 participantes. La presencia de úlceras por presión se recoge a través de un registro ad hoc, el riesgo de padecer úlceras por presión se mide con la escala de Norton y la fragilidad se con la herramienta Short Physical Performance Battery; ambos instrumentos con buenas propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados no muestran relación significativa entre los grupos de fragilidad y la presencia de UPP, aunque resulta destacable la no existencia de ninguna persona con úlceras por presión en los grupos de personas robustas y prefrágiles; así, todas las personas que presentan úlceras por presión se catalogan como frágiles (21,4%) o dependientes (78,6%). Sin embargo, sí que existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos de fragilidad que establece el Short Physical Performance Battery y el riesgo de úlceras por presión entre todos los grupos de fragilidad (,060 mayor que p mayor que ,001) excepto en la relación prefrágil-robusto. Además, aparece una correlación positiva entre el riesgo de úlceras por presión y la situación de fragilidad, de forma que a mayor riesgo de UPP, existe mayor situación de fragilidad y/o dependencia. Los resultados obtenidos permiten la detección de la población con mayor riesgo de úlceras por presión, lo que posibilitaría implementar intervenciones precoces encaminadas a la prevención de las mismas en base a las diferencias encontradas entre los grupos.

Los últimos datos aportados por la Comisión Europea señalan que la demencia afecta actualmente a casi cincuenta millones de personas en todo el mundo y que cada año se detectan 7.7 millones de nuevos casos. A día de hoy, el Alzheimer es la demencia más padecida por la población mundial pudiendo constituir en términos relativos el 70% de las demencias. En la actualidad no existen tratamientos farmacológicos que den una respuesta definitiva a este tipo de patologías. Las utilizaciones de terapias no farmacológicas abren un amplio abanico de posibilidades desde el ámbito de la prevención, y de la mejora de la calidad de vida en cuidadores y familiares de enfermos con demencia, básicamente con sintomatología de “sobrecarga”. En este articulo hacemos una revisión sobre investigaciones relacionadas con la “atención plena” ( MF) y de su implementación como estrategias potenciales en el abordaje de este tipo de patologías. Los últimos trabajos aportados con técnicas morfométricas por neuroimagen constituyen un importante avance a la hora de intentar aportar evidencia científica en este campo.

Introduction: Ageing is a natural process which is accompanied by a gradual decline of both functional, cognitive and affective capacities which can make it hard for somebody to lead a normal daily life in a normal way since the performance is influenced and cognitive, sensorial, motor and emotional skills can be altered. Non-pharmacological interventions are very important when it comes to cover the various problems that the elderly present. Snoezelen therapy or multisensorial stimulation is highly relevant for patients with dementia and cognitive damage with the aim of creating interaction between the person, the task and the environment by means of the activation of the various senses, experimenting different types os feelings. Aim: To prove the effect that an occupational therapy intervention has on a Snoezelen environment as a means to boost cognitive, sensorial, motor and emotional skills on patients with minor, moderate and severe cognitive damage and its repercussion on their quality of life. Methodology: It deals with a quasi-experimental study with a pre and post assessment, data are collected by means of MMSE, Barthel and Cornell tools. Results: After carrying out the corresponding statistic analysis, no significative results at a cognitive, affective and functional level were found, except at the affective level where severe damage was found. Discussion: Although this article does not show the effectiveness of the intervention in a Snoezelen environment in a significant way, various studies prove its effectiveness, particulary at a cognitive and behavioural level. Conclusion: The results seem to denote that an intervention in a Snoezelen environment during a short time span does not show any type of repercussion.

The Center where the study is carried out works with the model of care centered on the person, as fundamental objective intends to maintain or improve the operation in several areas of his life, promoting social skills on residents in an individualized manner. The experience is carried out in two nursing of day (one as a control group and one experimental), directed by two occupational therapists and caregivers fixed in each one of them, located in the residence for greater Los Royales. After making an assessment prior to the residents (cognitive, physical, functional, everyday and affective life skills) and knowing their social skills and peculiarities of aging in an individualized manner, the experimental group are given guidelines to their caregivers that develop a small plan of attention focused on the person that enhances your skills and be able to personal autonomy to promote the maintenance of their capabilities and even see if this improvement is experienced in the resident. Results: The experimentation is carried out for three weeks, and then a statistical analysis with nonparametric tests, where notes the effectiveness in different areas.

Introduction: Intellectual disability presents a series of clinical manifestations that affect psychological, emotional, social, and functional level. The Mindfulness aims to change the relationship that people have with daily activities, trying to point them at the present moment. In this way you will know better answers in the Middle, and you will favour emotional regulation, and behavioral. Objective: Demonstrate the effect of applying the Mindfulness technique as a means to improve communication skills and social in people with intellectual disabilities from occupational therapy. Methodology: Type longitudinal, quasi-experimental study. Collected data about the social skills of the users and the facets of the Mindfulness, using the EHS and FFMQ scales respectively. The intervention was carried out with the Mindfulness technique in 8 sessions of 45 minutes. And a sample of 12 users, with an average age of 40 years (DT = ± 8,21307). Results: Were statistically significant improvement in self-expression in social situations and in the beginning of positive interactions with the opposite sex. Conclusions: Scores have improved in all the variables in the post-test, but not all in a meaningful way. Likely to increase the number of sessions would increase the probability of finding more significant results.

The present study analyzes the effectiveness of a procedure of automatic reduction of prejudice, based on the assumption of the perspective of the members of stereotyped groups. Specifically, the evaluation of this cognitive strategy in the elderly population is addressed, and potentially modulating variables between the intervention and its effects on prejudice are considered: personality, values, empathy and attribution. Data were collected from a sample of 58 participants with a mean age of 63 years, in which an intervention based on mental imagery aimed at reducing prejudice was implemented. The results show a moderate effectiveness of the strategy and find interaction with several modulating variables, notably particularly kindness, along with attributional activity and values of benevolence, universalism, self direction and conformity, which modulated the effectiveness of perspective taking. The discussion, in addition to contrasting parallels and divergences with the results of other experiments, suggests some applications in the training of elder people, demonstrating that cognitive self-regulation is considered as a relevant competence in the advanced stages of life, decisive for achieving a satisfactory and inclusive active ageing.

This research has been motivated by the need to address the development of a Protocol for The Implementation of NTF in homes for the elderly which will contribute to strength the concept of “patient adherence.” . The economic impact of non- adherence in elderly people is very high and impinges directly on increasing readmissions, hospitalizations, adverse medical outcomes, etc ... This Protocol is a proposal of action under European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP 2016-2018) and is classified as an improvement tool when addressing the principle of complementarily between pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, empowering patients with dementia and their careers, the models of quality services provided to residents, and active communication with the patient, professional, the health personalized itineraries, all assisted by the innovative use of ICT.

The Ageing people with disabilities, he has not yet gained scientific and social the interest that requires enormous relevance and significance of the topic. The adult population is growing dramatically, from extending their life expectancy, having increasingly elderly in our society, and therefore, more people with disabilities reach this stage of life. We will have to pay particular attention to its various and numerous fronts: cognitive, health, emotional life, social life, development of hobbies, occupation time, mode of residence or housing, self-awareness, coping with loss, and many other things.... However, rarely the intellectual disability is related whit old age. Therefore, in this intervention centering on new approaches to disability: the model of support and quality of life; It addressed, the aging of older people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, with its peculiarities and needs. Both cognitive and the emotional and mental wellbeing aspects are mainly considered. It should be identified, assessment tools, programs and guidelines, all aimed at promoting a process of active aging, which contributes to improving the quality of life of older people with intellectual disabilities, promoting every one of the dimensions that make up this concept. A great social challenge is now the STAGE ageing of people with disabilities. It will be the great challenge of our century on aging.

Objective: To implement an Occupational Therapy treatment in elderly people with dementia and frailty Method: A longitudinal study of a sample of 23 users, 14 women and 9 men aged between 71 and 92 is performed, the average age 84.66 years, users of a residence, presenting frailty and dementia. Carried out an initial assessment and final tests with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), participants attend occupational therapy sessions. Statistical analysis: it was performed nonparametric Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation and Mann Whitney U test. Results: We observed that the levels of fragility do not improve, there is no relationship of age with frailty, the level of apathy does not decrease with the intervention, there is no difference in the score of apathy or fragility by sex. Conclusions: the results indicate a maintenance of vital functions on both scales, which can be considered beneficial when dealing with degenerative processes.

The incidence of skull deformity in infants and its relation to some aspects of further development, is a matter of concern to professionals from different areas such as health, psychology, education and the family environment of the patient. To this end, an investigation was conducted with a sample of 38 infants who had cranial deformity from a 18-month longitudinal study carried out in primary care base Burgos Center. Brunet Lezine scale was used to assess the development in some areas. The results showed that those infants who had right cranial deformity, scored lower on the language area of the scale, those who had left cranial deformity. While some caution in the interpretation of results is needed, one could infer that the deformity, the backlash effect of the brain, do not allow the proper expansion of the area of language in these cases. The multidisciplinary treatment and monitoring could also be key to improving the prognosis.

This paper draws the final conclusions of the research carried out over the last two years in the framework of the ERGOnomic WORK places European project ERGO WORK, together with the complementary contributions made by the Association INFAD in relation to the implementation of ergonomic systems in the field of employment and disability. As an innovative tool of this study, highlight the set of recommendations that have already been raised to the European Commission, with the aim of contributing to the improvement goals set in this regard by the EU, in addition to those related to the Spanish State, with direct competence in the same. The philosophy of Design for All has become a key topic of interest in the current national and European context, which, as we will demonstrate, provides concrete solutions so that environments, products, services and systems can be used by as many as possible of people responding to inclusive models and attention to diversity. The research has been carried out through a Consortium of six European countries and ten partners. It has been funded by the European Commission under the Strategic Alliances (Erasmus-LLP). conclusions drawn in this work.

El emprendimiento es una realidad que se nos presenta optimista en cuanto a posibilidades de desarrollo, progreso y bienestar. Las políticas económicas de los países más avanzados animan y promueven acciones para que sus ciudadanos pongan en marcha sus ideas de negocio y generen sus propios puestos de trabajo. En la presente investigación nos centraremos en el aspecto educativo que tradicionalmente se ha vinculado positivamente con el emprendimiento formal. La figura del emprendedor es clave a la hora de generar transformaciones de tipo social y merece la pena acercarse no solo a su visión personal sino también a la percepción que de estos promotores tienen los diferentes grupos de edad. En este sentido, la Universidad de Burgos a través del Programa Interuniversitario de la Experiencia y en el marco de la formación para personas mayores, pone en marcha acciones concretas para conocer las necesidades, experiencias y expectativas de los mayores universitarios en relación con el emprendimiento. Consideramos de gran importancia que la Universidad, como institución de larga trayectoria en el campo del saber, apoye los procesos de emprendimiento con todos los recursos a su alcance, entre ellos, el gran capital humano que no solo se encuentra entre su profesorado o personal, sino también en sus aulas, principalmente en las de las personas mayores. Mostramos en la presente investigación los resultados iniciales del estudio cualitativo implementado a través de un grupo de discusión en el que los mayores han dialogado sobre el concepto de emprendimiento, motivos, ayudas, formación y competencias. Los resultados nos servirán de base para futuras propuestas e intervenciones.

During the last years the INFAD Association in collaboration with the Association Union for Innovation G21 has been focusing part of its efforts on the enhancement of Ergonomics as a scientific discipline, and in a very specific way those applications that touch closely the field of disability offering strategies that generate elements of social inclusion and useful tools to build accessible environments that will contribute to the integral development of the person with disability. In this context we present the results of the work on identification of needs, attitudes and challenges of the different agents involved in the Ergonomics approach. The objectives of this analysis are to inform the current situation of the companies regarding the real level of implementation of Accessible and Universal Designs, as well as the identification of attitudes and challenges, always considering the main parties involved in this process. The on-line questionnaire was the basic instrument used for the investigation. To this end, the main variables on which information was needed were generated, generating specific questions capable of eliciting reliable, valid and susceptible responses to be quantified. The survey was distributed through the main social networks that operate with INFAD, prioritizing business, university and educational contexts. A total of 100 people participated, whose profile corresponds to the main actors that interact in the process of implementing ergonomic designs in educational and business contexts: employers, employers, managers, business managers, workers and workers with some type of disability.

The Ergonomics as a discipline tries to carry out a series of principles that allow to develop the activities of daily life, in the least burdensome way for people with chronic affections. Being able to participate in their life in a more normalized way leads users to enjoy an improvement in their quality of life. We start from the idea of a model in which it is proposed that the conservation of one's energy is useful for people suffering from a chronic disease or for anyone who wants to perform more with less effort. A pilot study has been carried out, implementing a physical exercise program in a public residence, performing an initial and final functional assessment. The most frequent pathologies, susceptible to intervention from this model are: rizarthrosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue. The model proposes a series of principles such as: taking frequent breaks; prioritize activities; advance planning; establish a slower and more constant rhythm for heavy activities; use the space efficiently; adopt correct postures; use an adapted equipment and do moderate continuous exercise. The results indicate improvements in general, and significant in the physical activity questionnaire; The principles applied are very useful for people without pathology, and very appropriate for people over 65 years.

Antecedentes: Numerosos textos y artículos relacionan distintos aspectos psicológicos con el emprendimiento, por ejemplo podemos hablar de autoeficacia, locus de control, expectativas, propensión al riesgo. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en comprender cómo distintos procesos psicológicos influyen en el fomento del espíritu emprendedor en población joven. Método: Para ello hemos llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica analizando distintos trabajos y estudios científicos que abordan esta temática desde el año 2008 hasta la actualidad. Resultados y Conclusiones: Tras el análisis realizado observamos que distintos aspectos psicológicos se asocian de manera positiva con las habilidades emprendedoras, reflejando la importancia de que en las prácticas educativas se incluyan estos factores.

La preparación del personal docente para el enfrentamiento al cambio climático, como parte de la educación continua y permanente, responde a las transformaciones y exigencias sociales actuales de la política educacional cubana que se lleva a cabo en estos momentos, representando una tarea necesaria y de gran impacto. La investigación que se realiza define como objetivo: presentar la experiencia de una multimedia educativa que contribuya a la preparación de los docentes para enfrentar el cambio climático con los cuales los docentes tienen la posibilidad de interactuar con sonidos, imágenes, vídeos, animaciones, gráficos, textos y ejercicios, los que enriquecen los contenidos y aspiraciones deseadas. Se emplearon métodos de investigación del nivel teórico, empíricos y matemáticos, así como el criterio de especialistas para la valoración de la propuesta arrojando el limitado conocimiento que presentan los docentes sobre las concepciones teóricas acerca del cambio climático y de su tratamiento en las actividades del proceso educativo, por lo que se elaboró una multimedia por ser un medio informático interactivo y novedoso que permite ofrecer el conocimiento y la didáctica del tema a los docentes, la misma cuenta con fuentes bibliográficas, materiales docentes a consultar relacionados con el cambio climático y el Plan de Estado para el Enfrentamiento al Cambio Climático “Tarea Vida”, vídeos, glosario de términos, actividades educativas, juegos didácticos, planificación del día para diferentes años de vida y orientaciones a la familia, dirigidos al tratamiento de acciones y problemáticas ambientales sobre el cambio climático.