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A Resolução nº 03/78 do Conselho Federal de Educação, que instituiu o Currículo Mínimo para o Curso de Comunicação Social, em substituição à legislação vigente ( a qual data de 1968 ), previu sua entrada em vigor para o ano de 1979.

Esteticamente considera-se "moderna” a arte que está vivamente relacionada com as estruturas psicológicas e sociais do tempo em que é produzida. participando e comprometendo-se na proposição e na criação dessas estruturas.

O fim a que se propõe o artista é criar beleza. Contudo, se entendo que a beleza está na coisa, e não em minha apreciação, o que significa que a beleza tem caráter objetivo; em outros termos, as coisas não são belas porque me agradam, senão que me agradam porque são belas, ou melhor ainda, há uma vivência do belo, mas o belo não é uma vivência, de que modo cria o artista o belo ? Como ele concebe a beleza ?

O que realmente caracteriza a filosofia de Augusto Comte é a sua preocupação de se orientar pela moral, que nasce da fraternidade universal.

O tema, a propósito do qual pretendo concentrar-me, refere-se ao ócio. Trata-se não só de uma questão importante do ponto de vista especulativo, como de problema de grande atualidade e de significação para o futuro.

A História cria o Mito, e o Mito, por sua vez, pode criar a História. A Revolução francesa não terminou ao iniciar.se o século XIX. Vive ainda na consciência humana como a mais profunda e eficiente de todas as crises sociais e políticas. Na realidade, nenhum outro acontecimento dominou e domina os séculos XIX e XX, de uma maneira tão decidida. Duzentos anos depois, seus ideais ainda têm plena vigência e seu lema continua sendo grito de combate: Liberdade, Igualdade, Fraternidade. Ideias susceptíveis de seduzir povos destituídos de convicções precisas e sujeitos ao despotismo dos seus senhores.

Olhando para as coisas em conjunto. o movimento positivista, que se pretendeu inovador, impregnou todo o ambiente cultural do século XIX, universalizando a experiência e resolvendo nela toda realidade.

O século XIX marca não só o triunfo do Liberalismo europeu, com sua expressiva fé nas possibilidades da espontaneidade individual, ligado ao Direito Natural, que considera a essência profunda e imutável da natureza humana como base da lei natural, vendo nesta a realidade que a lei deve ter em conta. e os fundamentos de que parte a razão para o esclarecimento da verdade; como também, do Naturalismo Cientificista, que reconhece que “não há qualquer irredutibilidade entre as normas e os ideais, de um lado, e o mundo dos fatos de outro; uma só natureza engloba e explica os dois planos, numa rejeição decidida de dualismos ou pluralismos. tenham os nomes que tiverem. O mundo humano, os valores espirituais, a consciência, são apenas fenômenos mais complicados que os da pura ordem física, mas não de outra natureza”.

Este trabalho é um estudo de natureza bibliográfica que versa sobre a formação docente e competência digital no contexto do ensino remoto. O presente trabalho visa desenvolver uma pesquisa sobre formação docente para competência digital para o ensino remoto, examinando os documentos selecionados a partir de um estudo bibliográfico, desse modo, uma análise sobre as competências digitais no ensino remoto, em artigos nacionais. Nos procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizado uma pesquisa de literatura no período de 2013 a 2021 no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES e no Google Acadêmico. Após o levantamento dos dados foi possível identificar 116 artigos para análise dos títulos, resumo e das palavras-chave, e apenas 10 artigos foram selecionados para análise. Os estudos apresentaram como resultado, uma leve melhoria da prática docente no uso das tecnologias digitais, todavia, os professores precisam avançar no quesito criação e construção de suas próprias tecnologias.

Encontra-se em curso, sensivelmente no último meio século, a finalização de um processo de planetarização da Tecnologia, que, na ordem das causas, terá sido mais proximamente determinado pela Globalização político-económica urdida e imposta pelo Neoliberalismo e mais remotamente influenciado por sucessivas revoluções industriais, desde o século XVIII. Ele implicou uma transformação na própria natureza da Tecnologia, fazendo com que deixasse de ser mero meio (utensílio, ferramenta, instrumento) para determinados fins e se tivesse tornado num ambiente vital e existencial. Günther Anders foi um atento e perspicaz observador e crítico desse fenómeno, que, no seu jargão, concebeu como o do advento de um “Dispositivo universal” (Universalapparat). Dedica-se a primeira parte deste artigo à releitura da interpretação que esse filósofo alemão fez da sua suposta génese e evolução. Na segunda parte, analisa-se esse conceito. Explora-se, na terceira parte, duas consequências filosóficas maiores desse fenómeno.

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The paper discusses the process of expanding higher education and financing in the institutions that make up the Federal Network for Professional, Scientific and Technological Education and its challenges due to limitations in financial resources. The analysis was developed based on official documents, particularly the federal government’s budget execution reports (2013-2018 period) and the Higher Education Census (2008; 2013 and 2018). The paper points out that the Federal Institutes and Centers of Professional and Technological Education hadsignificant expansion of enrollments in higher education, however, from 2013 to 2018, the financing of costing and investment expenses suffered relevant cuts that conditioned the hiring staff and the maintaining theseinstitutions. Such cuts were expandedas result of Constitutional Amendment nº. 95/2016.

Introduction: Severe ilio-femoral occlusive disease can limit the endovascular treatment of aorto-iliac aneurysms. In high surgical risk patients, inventive and staged hybrid interventions can be the answer to achieve definitive treatment. Clinical Case: A 68-year-old male, with multiple comorbidities, presented with simultaneous occurrence of bilateral common iliac aneurysms and severe ilio-femoral occlusive disease associated with right critical limb-threatening ischemia. In order to exclude the iliac aneurysms, preserve pelvic flow and revascularize the threatened limb we decided for a three-staged hybrid intervention. First, we began with a right external iliac angioplasty with femoral endarterectomy to create adequate arterial access. In a second intervention, we implanted a bifurcated aortoiliac endograft through this access. In order to prevent pelvic ischemia, contralateral leg outflow was directed to the left internal iliac artery with a combination of self-expandable and balloon-expandable covered stents. Finally, a right femoro-posterior tibial artery bypass completed the revascularization. At 1,5-year follow-up, no complications are reported and the patient is asymptomatic. Conclusion: In patients with poor medical condition and complex aorto-iliac aneurysmal and occlusive disease, a staged hybrid approach like the one described in this case-report can be feasible and associated with durable midterm patency and excellent clinical outcome.

Pseudoaneurysms after gastro-intestinal tract surgery are rare. Most of them occur after biliary tract and pancreatic surgery. They can lead to potentially serious consequences, such as rupture, hemorrhage and death. For these reasons, pseudoaneurysms should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.

Abstract Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant disorder, presenting as sudden and recurring episodes of variable severity of subcutaneous and mucosa edema that may occur spontaneously or in response to triggers. There are three knwon types of hereditary angioedema. The disorder is caused by decrease in the plasma level or change in the functional capacity of C1 inhibitor, with increase in bradykinin and in vascular permeability, and consequent edema. Several measures are required in the perioperative period in order to avoid an acute attack. Prophylaxis should be carried out throughout pregnancy before any surgical procedure, before dental procedures, upon airway handling, on patients with previous episodes of angioedema, and when there are significant changes in volemia. The literature is scarce in regard to the association between hereditary angioedema and pregnancy. We describe a successful case of a pregnant patient with type I hereditary angioedema submitted to a C-section.

Adventitial cystic disease (ACD) is a rare condition. It affects mostly the popliteal artery, with few cases reported affecting the radial artery. This condition is characterized by accumulation of mucinous content at the adventitious layer.

Introduction: Post-implantation syndrome (PIS) is the clinical and biochemical expression of an inflammatory response following endovascular repair of an aortic aneurysm (EVAR). The reported incidence in literature varies from 14-60%. Recentently, a study has demonstrated that red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an independent biomarker predictor of the PIS in patients submitted to EVAR in the early postoperative period. Methods: Retrospective institutional review of consecutive patients submitted to elective EVAR (January 2015- April 2020). The primary outcome was to evaluate the incidence of PIS, defined as fever (>38ºC) and leukocytosis (>12000/μL), excluding infection complication. The secondary outcomes were to identify the potential role of clinical and biomarker parameters to predict the risk of developing PIS after EVAR. Results and conclusion: According to the inclusion criteria, 107 patients were identified. The median age was 75 years old (93.5% men). Comorbidities presented: hypertension (75%), smoking (66%), hypercholesterolemia (59%), coronary artery disease (32%), chronic kidney disease (30%), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (18%). The incidence of PIS was 10,2%. Age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors were found to be similar in both groups (P>0.05). Regarding the procedure approach, the majority of patients were treated with percutaneous access (72%) (P=0,49). In both groups (PIS vs. no PIS), the hemoglobin values significantly decreased (P=0,04) after surgery by approximately 14%. The same trend was observed for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P=0.032), which reflected the increasing of the RDW although not reaching statistical significance. Although delta variation of hemoglobin and delta RDW did not reach statistical significance comparing both groups (P=0,53 and P= 0,07 respectively), delta MCV was found to be significantly lower in the group with PIS (P=0.012). The importance of having a biomarker which measurement allows the prediction of patients who have more risk to develop PIS, may help with the early management of this condition.

Turner syndrome (TS) is a disorder of female development with cardinal features of short stature and congenital cardiovascular defects. Congenital or acquired cardiological problems occur commonly in TS, being potentially progressive and responsible for severe complications, such as aortic dissection in young women. Accordingly, we describe a case of type A aortic dissection occurring in a woman with TS, highlighting the need to prioritize investigation in those patients to avoid a catastrophic aortic scenario.

Introduction: In many areas of Medicine, biomarkers have been proving their value in disease management. The inclusion of inflammatory biomarkers in acute limb ischemia (ALI) decision-making remains debatable due to the scarce literature evidence. Nevertheless, much attention has been held towards the prognostic value of these simple, readily available and low-cost biomarkers might have. Therefore, this review aimed to identify studies that support the utility of preoperative inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), for predicting ALI outcome. Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was applied to Medline database to identify all the cohort studies that specifically investigated and compared the outcomes of ALI patients in relation to their preoperative inflammatory biomarkers. Results: Four cohort studies were included in the review: two published citations, one research letter and one unpublished paper from the same authors of this review. In all studies, the primary outcomes were amputation and/or survival. All studies reported that higher NLR values were independently associated with adverse outcomes after treatment. One study stated that NLR ≥ 5.2 was found to have an 83% sensitivity and 63% specificity for predicting amputation within 30 days (Area Under Curve (AUC) 0.8) while other found that NLR ≥ 5.4 demonstrated to have a 90.5% sensitivity and 73.6% specificity for predicting 30-day amputation or death (AUC 0.86). Higher preoperative RDW, MPV, PLR and C-reactive protein were also reported as predictors of amputation in acute arterial thromboembolism patients in another study. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that although limited literature exists, inflammatory biomarkers like NLR and PLR appear to have a role in ALI preoperative risk stratification. Definition of levels and trends of inflammatory biomarkers and their relationship with treatment outcome could be established through multicentric studies, influencing timing and intervention selection and leading to potential improvements in ALI morbimortality.

Introduction: Guidewire fracture is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Retained fragments can cause thrombosis, dissection, perforation of the vessel or embolize. When is impossible to withdraw or to trap the fragment during the procedure, management is debatable between surgical removal or conservative approach. When choosing to leave the fragment in place, the patient remains at risk for all of the aforementioned complications. Clinical Case: 65-year-old male patient submitted to PCI with stenting of distal right coronary artery in 2017. A proximal optimization technique was performed, with a guidewire placed in the posterior descending artery (PDA). After stenting, the protection guidewire became entrapped and after several retrieval attempts, it fractured. Wire fragment remained within the RCA and ascending aorta with a free mobile distal part in the beginning of the innominate artery. Multiple attempts went in vain for wire retrieval and a conservative approach was adopted. Two and a half years later, the patient felt a sudden chest pain and then collapsed. He was transferred to our Hospital for emergent surgery due to cardiac tamponade. Intra-operatively, cardiac surgeons found the guidewire perforating the posterior descending artery. When trying to pull it out, the guidewire fractured again. Post-intervention CTA revealed migration of the fragmented guidewire now it was entrapped in a tortuous initial portion of the right internal carotid artery and a small pseudoaneurysm was visible at the distal portion of the wire. Surgical approach was performed revealing the presence of the wire within the carotid medial wall, in a subintimal plane. The 7 cm fragment was successfully withdrawn, through a common carotid transverse incision. Pseudoaneurismectomy was performed and carotid artery bifurcation reconstruction with internal carotid artery re-implantation into the bifurcation, end-to-end anastomosis. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Conclusion: Although leaving the wire in place remains an option, coronary guidewire fractured fragments can be associated not only with immediate complications but also with potential adverse events in the long run.

Introduction: Anemia is associated with increased adverse outcomes during the early postoperative period because of high physiologic stress and increased cardiac demand. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between pre-operative anemia and morbi-mortality outcomes in patients undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy (CEA), open aortic repair (OAR) or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and infrainguinal bypass surgery in chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all elective patients between 2016-2018, who underwent: CEA, OAR, EVAR and infrainguinal bypass surgery in chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Emergency procedures and transfusion of more than 4 units of red blood cells (RBC) were excluded. Hemoglobin levels were categorized according to the WHO definition for anemia: severe (< 8 g/dL), moderate (8-10.9 g/dL), mild (11-11.9 g/dL in women and 11-12.9 g/dL in men) and no anemia (≥12 g/dL in women and ≥13 g/dL in men). Results: Our study population comprised 257 patients, of which 74 (28%) underwent EVAR, 26 (10.1%) OAR, 67 (26.1%) CEA and 90 (35%) infrainguinal bypass. Pre-operative anemia was identified in 37.4% (n = 96) of the patients. Of those, 67.7% (n = 65) had mild anemia and 32.3% (n = 31) had moderate-severe anemia. Anemic patients have longer length of stay when compared with non-anemic patients (16.61±16.5; 7.68±4.92, respectively) (p = 0.022) and also longer stay in the post-operative care unite in comparison with patients with hemoglobin within the normal range (average 2.08 days ± 1.12; 1.77 days ± 1.01, respectively) (p

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Introduction: Over the past decade, endovascular treatment (EVT) is taking over visceral arterial aneurysms treatment considering its effectiveness, safety and minimal invasiveness. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated our department experience in visceral arterial aneurysms endovascular approach from 2009 to 2019. Results: From 2009 to 2019, nineteen visceral artery aneurysms were submitted to EVT (mean age 62,5 years, 53% women). The addressed arterial segments were: the splenic artery (52%, n=10) followed by the renal artery (21%, n = 4), the hepatic artery (11%, n = 2), the superior mesenteric artery (11%, n = 2) and the celiac arrtery (5%, n = 1). Average diameter was 26,9 ± 5,4 mm [range 21–39 mm]. The majority were asymptomatic incidental findings (74%). Concomitant aneurysms were found in 3 patients (15,8%). EVT included: stent-graft exclusion (n = 9), aneurysm-sac coil embolization (n = 6), stent-assisted coil embolization (n=2) and segmental artery exclusion (n=2). Median radiological follow-up was 46,8 months [range 1,1–128 months]. Early SMA occlusion was reported in one case after stent-assisted coil embolization, however without ischemic symptoms. End-organ loss was reported in one case (renal artery coil embolization, without overall renal function worsening). Conclusion: Nowadays, endovascular approach is the first-line intervention for most visceral arterial aneurysms. Although still limited, the reported results are favourable and are in line with the current literature.

Treatment of aortic pathologies involving the aortic arch represents a great challenge for vascular surgeons. Endografting techniques, comparing to open surgery, are less invasive approaches. However, an adequate proximal landing zone remains a challenge and, regarding this issue, parallel graft techniques represent a viable endovascular treatment option in patients with challenging aortic arch pathology by extending the proximal landing zone while maintaining aortic side branches perfusion. Parallel graft techniques required a thorough planning and the clinical and imagiological follow-up are mandatory. They appear to be a safe and minimally invasive alternative techniques in selected fragile patients. The authors report three clinical cases that required the use for parallel grafts to treat complex pathology of aortic arch.

Introduction: Endovascular techniques have been revolutionizing the revascularization of patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI), showing consistently high limb salvage rates. However, endovascular recanalization of infrapopliteal occlusive disease can be technically demanding and the failure rate for these types of lesions is about 20%. In that case, an alternative vascular access may be required. We report our experience concerning CLTI patients who underwent retrograde access and recanalization of chronic occlusions after failure of anterograde attempts. Methods: Retrospective institutional review of consecutive patients requiring retrograde punctures to obtain endovascular revascularization (2013–2018) – 51 limbs in 50 patients. The primary outcome was to evaluate the technical success and the limb salvage - major-amputation free survival. The secondary outcomes were the rate of major and minor amputation, the global survival of this population and the characterization of the population and the endovascular procedures performed. Results and conclusion: The technical success was achieved in 76,5% of the procedures. The major amputation free-survival rate was 81,4% at 6 months. The femoro-popliteal and distal territories were concomitantly treated in 63,3% of the procedures and isolated distal territory was treated in 32,7%. Femoral approach was always initially performed (90,2% anterograde). Direct revascularization according to the angiosome concept was obtained in 64,6% of the cases. Anterior tibial artery was punctured in 33,3% of cases followed by pedal artery (27,5%), peroneal artery (19,6%), common plantar artery (7,8%), posterial tibial artery above the ankle (3,9%), supra-articular popliteal artery (3,9%), lateral plantar artery (2%) and metatarsal artery (2%). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed in 69,4% of the procedures (2% with Drug Elluting Balloons) and PTA and stenting in 28,6%. During follow-up 19,4% of patients were submitted to major amputation and 29,4% to minor amputation. The rate of healing at 6 months was 43,3%. The results of the retrograde access and recanalization of chronic occlusions are comparable to data reported in the literature, confirming it as a valuable alternative. As so, the retrograde access approach for revascularization of CLTI patients appears to be a safe and effective alternative that expands revascularization options after the failure of a conventional endovascular anterograde approach, allowing the salvaging a greater number of limbs, particularly in patients with significant co-morbidities.

Introduction: Type B aortic intramural hematoma (B-IMH) has a complex and variable natural history: it can remain stable and resolve spontaneously or progress to dissection, aneurysm, ulcer or even rupture. The possibility of disease progression, frequently with mild or no symptomatology, poses a significant treatment dilemma. Clinical Case: We report a case of a 60 year-old-female diagnosed with an acute B-IMH, initially treated medically. However, 1-month control CTA revealed disease progression (increased B-IMH thickness and evolution to an ulcer-like-projection with 20 mm diameter and 11 mm depth). She was submitted to a left carotid-subclavian bypass followed by TEVAR and left-subclavian ostial embolization. During follow-up (5 months) patient remain asymptomatic, demonstrating favorable aortic remodeling. Conclusion: Type B-IMH is a dynamic pathology. From presentation to late follow-up, patients remain at high risk for abrupt catastrophic complications. As reported, TEVAR seems to be a safe and effective approach in the event of unfavorable evolution.

Hemangiomas are usually diagnosed based on ultrasound findings. The presence of symptoms, rapid growth or atipical imagiological findings should make us consider other diagnoses, including malignant tumors such as angiosarcomas. We describe the case of a previously healthy 46-year-old female without a history of exposure to carcinogens who presented with abdominal pain for two months. Diagnostic work-up revealed elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Abdominal ultrasound described a large nodular lesion in the right lobe of the liver described as a hemangioma. One month later, a computed tomography-scan was made and revealed the same lesion, which had grown from 13.5 to 20 cm, maintaining typical imaging characteristics of a hemangioma. A right hepatectomy was performed and pathology revealed an angiosarcoma. After surgery, a positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan showed hepatic and bone metastasis. The patient started taxane-based chemotherapy and lumbar palliative radiotherapy, but died 10 months after surgery. This case shows how difficult it is to diagnose hepatic angiosarcoma relying only on imaging findings. Two abdominal computed tomography -scans were performed and none suggested this diagnosis. Angiosarcoma is a very aggressive tumour with an adverse prognosis. Surgery is the only curative treatment available. However, it is rarely feasible due to unresectable disease or distant metastasis.

Introduction: The prevalence of dementia has been increasing in recent years in parallel with an ageing population. Today it is a common pathology in primary care level. Objectives: To review the family physician’s role in diagnosing and following up on patients with dementia. Methods: Theoretical review based on researching clinical guidelines, systematic and original articles published in English and Portuguese in PubMed, Clinical Key, UpToDate, the Index of Portuguese Journals from January 2006 to September 2016 using the MeSH terms: “Dementia,” “Primary Health Care,” “Primary Care Nursing” and “Primary Care Physician.” Results: When dementia is suspected, it is important to resort to family members and/or caregivers’ cooperation, to conduct a thorough medical history of the patient, focusing on behavioural and cognitive symptoms and changes in daily activities. Subsequently, an objective examination should be carried out and an array of cognitive, psycho-affective and functional assessment tests applied. Finally, an analytical and imaging evaluation should be performed. Equally important is the role of the family physician in the patient’s subsequent treatment/guidance and support to families and caregivers in care management. Conclusions: The family physician is in a prime position for early detection of dementia. Clinical diagnosis is essential and is not always easy at an early stage. The role of doctors and other professionals in primary health care should not be limited to the initial assessment, but should extend to following up on and guiding the sick and their respective families.

Introduction: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a self-limited, unknown-cause febrile vasculitis that predominantly addresses medium-sized arteries and most patients are under 5-years-old. In addition to life-threatening coronary artery involvement, aneurysms may develop in almost any medium-sized vessel, however systemic artery aneurysms (SAA) are described in only 2% of cases. The objective of this study was to identify cases of KD associated SAA and to analyze their frequency, anatomical distribution, treatment and outcomes. Methods: systematic literature review, performed using MEDLINE database. Results: Literature review retrieved a total of 9 reports corresponding to 38 patients and a total of 134 KD-SAA. The most affected arteries were the brachial artery (29.8%), the internal iliac artery (18,6%), the common iliac artery (16,4%) and the subclavian artery (11,2%) with bilateral involvement being a common feature. History of concomitant coronary involvement was present in almost every patients. Only 5 SAA (3,7%) required intervention. Medical therapy was associated with SAA regression in approximately half of the patients, with better results when initiated promptly after diagnosis. Worst outcomes were found in younger patients, showing higher rates of morbimortality. The underlying coronary sequelae dictated the prognosis. Conclusions: Considering their rarity, only multicenter collaboration and literature research can provide more insight about KD-SAA treatment and outcomes, defining the potential role of KD as a primary cause of late vascular lesion. Late presentation KD-SAA may present some diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in view of a more likely need for intervention once the benefit of medical treatment has been outweighed.

Introduction: Acute inpatient services continue to be key components in psychiatric care for patients in crisis. In an economic crisis context, investment in Psychiatry is scarce and limited. Thus, optimizing hospital resources is much needed, allowing patients to receive the best treatment available and not remain in the hospital after resolution of the acute episode. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of creating an Inpatient Team (IT), according to the most frequently used variables in published studies (length of stay and readmission rates). Methods: Analysis of hospitalization records during two periods (P1 and P2), before and after IT’s creation. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 20.0). Results: A statistically significant difference was confirmed in mean length of stay between the two periods, with a 21.47% reduction in P2 compared to P1. The difference in readmission rates was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the creation of an IT was associated with a decrease in the duration of hospitalization, confirming the importance of the optimization of human resources, particularly when these are scarce, aiming to improve the quality of inpatient care.

Introduction: Currently, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Portugal is 13,3% in adult population. Patients with DM have a 15-25% lifetime risk of developing a foot ulcer. Additionally, diabetic angiopathy is a unique vascular disease that has predilection for below-the-knee arteries. Meanwhile, endovascular techniques have been revolutionizing the revascularization of neuroischemic diabetic foot (NIDF) patients, showing consistently higher limb salvage rates. The survival of NIDF patients reaches 50% at 5 years after revascularization and limb salvage, but decreases to 50% at 2 years after a major amputation. With this study, the authors intend to describe their experience on endovascular revascularization for the treatment of NIDF patients. Methods: Retrospective institutional review of consecutive patients requiring endodistal revascularization (January 2010 - December 2017) - 464 limbs in 326 patients. We evaluated demographics and co-morbidities data and performed statistic analysis to determine factors and outcomes as limb salvage, major and minor amputation rates. The primary outcome was to evaluate the technical success, the limb salvage, the rate of major and minor amputation and the global survival of this population. The secondary outcomes were to characterize the population, the endovascular procedures performed and the evolution over the last years. Operative reports were reviewed to analyze the endovascular procedures and techniques. Results and conclusions: The technical success was achieved in 85% of the procedures. The iliac sector was only treated in 0,7% of the procedures and femoro-popliteal sector in 63,2%. Antegrade femoral approach, was obtained in 91, 3% of the procedures. A complementary retrograde distal approach was performed in 7,6% of procedures. Direct angiossomic revascularization was obtained in 60,9% of the cases. In the femoral and popliteal arteries, PTA was performed in 56,3% of the procedures and recanalization, PTA and stenting in 42,4%. During FU, 14,1% of patients was submitted to major amputation and 36,4% to minor amputation. The major amputation free-survival rate was 80,1% at 12 mo and the rate of healing at 12 mo was 63,2%. The 12 mo global survival was 79,8%. Direct angiossomic revascularization (p=0,014) and the number of tibial arteries recanalized (p=0,01) were both associated with a higher limb salvage rate and a faster healing of the ulcer. In the opposite side, there was an association between the increasing of renal dysfunction and poor healing (p=0,04). The endovascular reintervention rate was 20,4%. The results of the author’s study on endodistal revascularization, highlights the need to prioritize investigation and revascularization in NIDF patients to improve the outcome of foot ulcer, giving the possibility of salvaging a greater number of limbs.

Introduction: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) has been used for decades to prevent thrombotic events during vascular surgery. Although it is known that UFH has a complex and nonlinear pharmacokinetics, with great individual variability, anticoagulation monitorization in vascular surgery is not routine and a standard empirical dose is often used. Activated clotting time (ACT) has been shown to be a simple, reliable and inexpensive way to monitor UFH anticoagulant effect, being routinely used during cardiac surgery. However, heparinisation remains a dilemma in vascular surgery and few studies emphasized the role of anticoagulation monitoring in this setting. Objectives: To investigate whether a fixed heparin dose of 5000 IU in arterial vascular surgery results in adequate and homogeneous heparinisation in all patients. Secondary endpoints: to identify preoperative factors for heparin response, intraoperative events and outcomes. Methods: This observational prospective pilot study included 30 consecutive patients undergoing arterial vascular surgery. ACT monitoring was performed before clamping and at 3, 30 and 60 minutes after 5000 IU UFH bolus. Preoperative and intraoperative data were also accessed. A target ACT of ≥ 200 s was set, taking in account of the lowest ACT value admitted by vascular surgery recommendations. Results: The average ACT value increased to 210.20 ± 28.82 s (1.61 ± 0.25 times vs baseline) 3 minutes after bolus, then declined to 191.60 ± 21.86 s and 173.4 ± 21.37 s after 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. Three minutes after UFH bolus, 53% patients had ACT ≥ 200 s, decreasing to one third and 7% at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. Even when weight-based, a correlation between heparin dose per kilogram and ACT change was not found (r = 0.187; p = 0.322). There was also no correlation between ACT values and preoperative hemoglobin, platelet count, creatinine clearance or INR. There was a positive correlation between preoperative aPTT and intraoperative ACT measurements (r = 0.432; p = 0.017). There was no difference between ACT values and previous antithrombotic/anticoagulant therapy and between intraoperative ACT and intraoperative blood loss. Conclusions: This study confirms that administrating a fixed or even a weight-based heparinisation is insufficient to provide consistent anticoagulation levels in all patients. Perioperative anticoagulation should be monitored and ACT-based. Larger clinical RCT's are warranted.

The centralization of purchases has been increasingly a strategic trend, particularly in the health sector. In Portugal, the SPMS, Serviços Partilhados do Ministério da Saúde, E.P.E., was established in 2010 as a central purchasing entity for the health sector. Centralized purchasing can bring advantages, such as increasing the efficiency of the purchasing process, but also disadvantages, such as the possibility of oligopoly by suppliers, generated by imperfect competition, and a diminished response to the most decentralized units. This theme was the subject of a reflection meeting, which aimed to promote a debate on the national framework aspects of this process, challenges of implementation for hospital medicines and suggestions for improvement of this process. The main ideas generated for a successful centralized purchasing indicate that the central purchasing entity should be dynamic and facilitator, should ensuring equity, safety, accessibility and quality of drugs. There should be better planning and rigorous procurement of drugs, and an integrated information system that allows sharing and networking among the central purchasing and the various health institutions, fostering a proximity policy, should be created. Professionals should be trained in the necessary technical procedures for the completion of the acquisition of drugs, and hospital pharmacists should be included as consultants in the development of specific procedures of centralized procurement, according to the hospital’s needs. Finally, this entire process must be followed by constant monitoring through an annual assessment of the economic and financial feasibility. The benefits of the activity performed annually should adequately quantify the quality and efficiency gains that demonstrate the financial impact achieved in scope of the reduction of expense in the National Health Service.

O presente estudo investigou a influência de plateia sobre o desempenho sensoriomotor na aprendizagem do arremesso de dardo de salão. O experimento foi conduzido em dois dias distintos, cada um com uma condição específica: 1) com plateia (10 tentativas); 2) sem plateia (10 tentativas). Os 18 universitários de menor e maior desempenho foram divididos em dois grupos: prejudicado (GP) e beneficiado (GB). Nas análises de desempenho e escores de ansiedade-estado (IDATE), a ANOVA two way e pairwise identificaram interação entre grupo e condição, sendo GP com pior desempenho e maior IDATE e GB com melhor desempenho e sem alteração no IDATE na condição com plateia. Já na frequência cardíaca, não houve interação, porém efeito principal para o fator condição para ambos os grupos. Pode-se inferir que, a plateia influencia no desempenho sensoriomotor podendo ocorrer piora ou melhora a depender de características individuais.

A centralização das compras tem vindo a ser cada vez mais uma tendência estratégica, nomeadamente no setor da saúde. Em Portugal, a SPMS, Serviços Partilhados do Ministério da Saúde, E.P.E., foi constituída em 2010 como uma central de compras para o setor da saúde. As compras centralizadas podem trazer vantagens, como o aumento da eficiência do processo de compras, mas também desvantagens, como a possibilidade de oligopólio por parte dos fornecedores, gerada pela concorrência imperfeita, e uma resposta mais demorada às unidades mais descentralizadas. Este tema foi objeto de uma reunião de reflexão, que teve como principal objetivo promover um debate sobre aspetos do enquadramento nacional deste processo, desafios da sua implementação, no que respeita aos medicamentos hospitalares, e sugestões de melhoria deste processo. As principais ideias geradas para o sucesso das compras centralizadas indicam que a central de compras deve ser facilitadora e dinâmica e garantir a equidade, segurança, acessibilidade e qualidade dos medicamentos. Deve existir um melhor planeamento e rigor na aquisição dos medicamentos e deve ser criado um sistema de informação integrado que permita a partilha e a comunicação em rede entre a central de compras e as diversas instituições de saúde, fomentando uma política de proximidade. Os profissionais devem ser formados nos procedimentos técnicos necessários para a realização da aquisição dos medicamentos e os farmacêuticos hospitalares devem ser incluídos como consultores no desenvolvimento de alguns procedimentos de aquisição centralizada, em função das necessidades das unidades hospitalares. Por fim, todo este processo deve ser acompanhado de uma constante monitorização, através de uma avaliação anual sobre a racionalidade económico-financeira e vantagens da atividade desenvolvida na perspetiva dos ganhos de qualidade e eficiência, devidamente quantificados e que demonstrem o impacto financeiro alcançado no âmbito da redução da despesa no Serviço Nacional de Saúde.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as dificuldades e rumos da criação de um Estado palestino e seus impactos para a consolidação da paz no oriente médio.

A liderança constitui um dos temas mais comuns no estudo das organizações em geral, ainda que esta prevalência não tenha atingido o mesmo protagonismo no caso das organizações educativas, de modo particular em alguns contextos geográficos. Não obstante assumirmos neste artigo que as escolas manifestam especificidades relativamente a outras organizações, também reconhecemos que os estudos situados no domínio educacional não podem ficar imunes às contribuições de outras áreas. É neste sentido que invocamos aqui o modelo da Direcção por Valores enquanto proposta que, rompendo como as vertentes mais técnico-instrumentais das teorias tradicionais da gestão, poderá contribuir para uma reflexão compartilhada com a liderança das organizações educativas, de modo especial tendo em conta a conceptualização da liderança como diálogo sobre valores.El liderazgo es uno de los temas más comunes en el estudio de las organizaciones en general, a pesar de esta prevalencia no ha alcanzado el mismo protagonismo en el caso de las organizaciones educativas, en particular en algunos contextos geográficos. Aunque asumamos en este artículo que las escuelas manifiestan especificidades en relación a otras organizaciones, también reconocemos que los estudios desarrollados en el ámbito educativo no pueden permanecer inmunes a las contribuciones de otras áreas. Es por esta razón que referimos aquí el modelo de la Dirección por Valores como propuesta que, rompiendo con las vertientes más técnico-instrumentales de las teorías tradicionales de la gestión, podrá contribuir para una reflexión compartida con el liderazgo de las organizaciones educativas, especialmente teniendo en cuenta la conceptualización de liderazgo como diálogo sobre valores.Leadership is one of the most common themes in the study of organisations in general, although this prevalence has not reached the same importance in educational organisations, particularly in some geographical contexts. Even though we assume in this article that schools have got some specificities in relation to other organizations, we also recognize that the studies in the education field cannot remain immune to the contributions of other areas. Due to this reason we refer here to the model of Management by Values as a proposal that by breaking away from the more technical-instrumental branches of traditional theories of management, could contribute to a shared reflection with the leadership of educational organisations, specially taking into account the conceptualisation of leadership as a dialogue on values.

Desenvolveu-se, este trabalho, em condições de campo na Estação Experimental da Embrapa/ Agroindústria Tropical, em Pacajus - CE, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2000, objetivando caracterizar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos de nove híbridos de melão amarelo, nas condições do litoral leste do Estado do Ceará. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com nove tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos dos híbridos comerciais de melão amarelo descritos a seguir: Gold Pride, Gold Star, TSX 32096, Yellow Queen, PX 4910606, AF 682, XPH 13021, AF 646 e Gold Mine. Avaliou-se produção total, massa média de frutos na primeira colheita, sólidos solúveis (SS), resistência de polpa e classificação dos frutos. Para todas as variáveis analisadas observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os híbridos, com exceção do teor de SS. Os híbridos Gold Pride, Gold Star, XPH 13021 e Gold Mine apresentaram maiores produtividades, com média de 32 t/ha. O Gold Mine apresentou maior massa média de fruto (1,5 kg), diferindo significativamente dos híbridos Gold Pride (1,14 kg), AF 646 (1,02 kg), AF 682 (1,09 kg) e PX 4910606 (1,11 kg), que apresentaram os menores valores médios. Os frutos dos híbridos Gold Mine, TSX 32096, PX 4910606, XPH 13021 e AF 682 apresentaram os maiores valores de SS e resistência de polpa, enquanto, o Yellow Queen e o AF 646 apresentaram os menores valores. Os híbridos Gold Mine, Gold Star, XPH 13021 e Gold Pride destacaram-se pelas maiores produtividades de frutos comercializáveis.In order to evaluate fruit yield and quality of yellow melon, an assay was carried out at EMBRAPA/ Tropical Agroindustry Research Station, in Pacajus-CE, in the period from September to December, 2000. Nine melon hybrids were screened under field conditions at the east coast of Ceará State. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and five replicates. The treatments were comprised of the following commercial hybrids: Gold Pride, Gold Star, TSX 32096, Yellow Queen, PX 4910606, AF 682, XPH 13021, AF 646 and Gold Mine. Fruit yield, average fruit weight at the first harvest, total soluble solids (SS) content, pulp firmness and fruit classification were evaluated. Significant differences between hybrids were observed for all the analyzed variables, except for SS content. The hybrids Gold Pride, Gold Star, XPH 13021 and Gold Mine presented the largest yields, 32 t/ha in average. Gold Mine had the largest average fruit weight (1.5 kg), statistically differing from those of Gold Pride (1.14 kg), AF 646 (1.02 kg), AF 682 (1.09 kg) and PX 4910606 (1.11 kg). Regarding to fruit total SS content and pulp firmness, Gold Mine, TSX 32096, PX 4910606, XPH 13021 and AF 682 had the best results, different from the Yellow Queen and AF 646 which showed the lowest values. The hybrids Gold Mine, Gold Star, XPH 13021 and Gold Pride had high marketable yield.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de fatores de risco (FR) para doença arterial coronariana (DAC) e isquemia miocárdica em uma amostra de diabéticos assintomáticos atendidos ambulatorialmente. MÉTODOS: De 80 diabéticos tipo 2 inicialmente recrutados no ambulatório de endocrinologia do nosso Hospital Universitário, sem sintomas e/ou diagnóstico de DAC, apenas 61 completaram o protocolo da pesquisa, sendo 52,5% do sexo feminino, com uma média de idade de 56,3±10,9anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a entrevista procurando-se identificar os FR e à realização de eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma e cintilografia miocárdica perfusional (CMP), em repouso e sob estresse. De acordo com o resultado da CMP, foram distribuídos em dois grupos: um isquêmico e outro normal. RESULTADOS: Os FR identificados foram: sexo masculino (48%), idade > 55 anos (51%), história familiar de doença aterosclerótica precoce (16%), passado de tabagismo (46%), hipertensão arterial (44%), sedentarismo (62%), sobrepeso / obesidade (67%), HDL-colesterol < 45 mg/dl (69%), LDL-colesterol > 100 mg/dl (85%) e triglicérides > 150 mg/dl (54%). A CMP foi positiva para isquemia em 15% dos pacientes. As variáveis associadas a esse diagnóstico foram sexo masculino (p=0,007), HDL baixo (p=0,046), história de tabagismo (p=0,038), hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) (p=0,043) e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) < 60% (p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se uma alta prevalência de FR associados, bem como uma expressiva prevalência, de 15%, de isquemia miocárdica. Sexo masculino, HDL-colesterol baixo, passado de tabagismo, HVE e FEVE < 60% foram as variáveis identificadas como preditoras do diagnóstico de isquemia miocárdica.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors (RF) and myocardial ischemia in a sample of asymptomatic diabetic patients treated on an outpatient basis. METHODS: From 80 type 2 diabetic patients initially recruited at an university outpatient endocrinology clinic, with no symptoms and/or CAD diagnosis, only 61 patients completed the study protocol, being 52,5% females, with a mean age of 56.3 ± 10.9 years. The patients were interviewed searching for RF and underwent electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and perfusional myocardial scintigraphy (PMS) at rest and under stress. According to the PMS results they were divided into two groups: an ischemic and a normal one. RESULTS: The RF identified were: male gender (48%), age > 55 years (51%), family history of premature atherosclerotic disease (16%), history of smoking (46%), hypertension (44%), sedentary lifestyle (62%), overweight / obesity (67%), HDL- cholesterol < 45 mg/dl (69%), LDL- cholesterol > 100 mg/dl (85%) and triglycerides > 150 mg/dl (54%). Ischemic MPS were diagnosed in 15% of the patients. The variables associated with this diagnosis were: male gender (p=0.007), low HDL levels (p=0.046), history of smoking (p=0.038), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (p=0.043) and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) < 60% (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of associated RF was observed, as well as a significant prevalence of 15% for myocardial ischemia. The variables identified as predictors of a myocardial ischemia diagnosis were: male gender, low HDL-cholesterol, past smoking, LVH and LVEF < 60%.

O treinamento físico militar e a Educação Física considerações filosóficas.

O ensaio com clones de cajazeira foi avaliado, na chapada do Apodi, em Limoeiro do Norte - CE. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (cinco copas x dois porta-enxertos), com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. As copas foram obtidas de plantas adultas produtivas das localidades de Capuan, Caucaia-CE; Curimatã, Pacajus-CE; Gereau e Ladeira Grande, Maranguape-CE e Lagoa Redonda, Fortaleza-CE e os porta-enxertos de sementes de cajazeira e de umbuzeiro. O objetivo foi caracterizar o crescimento vegetativo e a produção de frutos dos clones de cajazeira. Os clones Gereau e Lagoa Redonda foram os mais vigorosos, tiveram as maiores alturas de planta (390 cm) e espessuras de caule (57 cm). O Ladeira Grande foi o menos vigoroso, com altura (220 cm) e espessura de caule (49 cm), diferindo significativamente dos demais. O porta-enxerto de cajazeira formou caule mais espesso que o de umbuzeiro. A razão entre os perímetros de caule (enxerto e porta-enxerto) foi menor que 1,0 no porta-enxerto de cajazeira e maior no de umbuzeiro. O número de frutos por cacho variou de 8 a 76. Algumas plantas dos clones Lagoa Redonda e Gereau sobre umbuzeiro produziram de 100 a 300 cachos de frutos por planta. Os clones formam plantas de porte baixo, vigorosas, com aspectos fenotípicos e morfológicos distintos a cada clone, não alterando o padrão de crescimento do caule principal e do formato de copa; o porta-enxerto de cajazeira forma plantas com troncos mais vigorosos do que os de umbuzeiro; as razões de perímetros de caule, enxerto e porta-enxerto são maiores nas combinações com umbuzeiro, mas sem indícios de incompatibilidade; o porta-enxerto de umbuzeiro aumenta o porte, precocidade e produtividade dos clones, notadamente do Gereau e Lagoa Redonda sendo que o clone Ladeira Grande é o de menor porte.The experiment was established, at the Apodi Plateau; in Limoeiro do Norte County, State of Ceará (Brazil). A randomized block design was used with a factorial 5x2 (5 scions on 2 rootstocks), with 4 replicates and 4 plants per plot. Scions stem from superior plants collected in the counties of Caucaia (Capuan locality), Pacajus (Curimatã locality), Maranguape (Gereau e Ladeira Grande localities) and Fortaleza (Lagoa Redonda locality). Rootstocks were prepared from seeds of S. mombin L. and S. tuberosa Arruda. All scions and rootstocks were collected in Ceará State. The parameters assessed were the vegetative growth and fruit setting. Clones Gereau and Lagoa Redonda were the most vigorous, higher (3.9 m) and with bigger stem girth (57 cm). Ladeira Grande showed the poorest peformance in hight (2.2 m) and stem girth (49 cm) and, being statistically different from the others. As far as the root-stocks are concerned those from S. mombim were superior to S. tuberosa. The stem girth ratio was less than 1.0 for S. mombin rootstocks and higher than 1.0 for S. tuberosa rootstocks. The number of fruits per bunch of studied clones presented values of raged from 8 to 76. Some plants of Lagoa Redonda and Gereau clones on S. tuberosa yielded from 100 to 300 bunches. Final results confirmed that scions of S. mombin grafted on rootstocks of S. mombin and S. tuberosa produced combinations with the following characterists: vigorous clones with distinct phenotypic and morphological features such as low hight, uniform canopies and standardized main stem growth; S. mombin rootstocks allowed the formation of plants with more vigorous stems compared with rootstocks of S. tuberosa; the stem girth, graft and rootstock ratios were higher for combinations on S. tuberosa, but without indications of grafting incompatibility; the rootstock of S. tuberosa increase plant hight, productive and precocious of clones Gereau e Lagoa Redonda, and clone Ladeira Grande showed the lowest hight.

Esse trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a heterose no cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) anão precoce. O experimento foi composto por seis clones parentais (CCP 06, CCP 09, CCP 76, CCP 1001, C1P3 e P399E) e 18 combinações híbridas. Utilizou-se delineamento de blocos casualizados, com duas repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. A heterose média foi de 12,09%, 19,38%, 98,01%, 96,97% e -2,11%, respectivamente, para altura da planta, diâmetro da copa, número de castanha por planta, produtividade de castanha e peso médio de castanha, indicando presença de vigor híbrido nos cruzamentos, para todos os caracteres, exceto para peso médio de castanha, demonstrando a importância de sua exploração, com perspectivas de avanços genéticos sobre caracteres da cultura do caju. A conseqüência seria a obtenção de clones comerciais com características de produção desejáveis e a formação de populações-base para o programa de melhoramento populacional. Os híbridos CCP 06 x C1P3, CCP 09 x P399E e CCP 09 x CCP 06 são os mais promissores.The objective of this work was to evaluate the heterosis in dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). The experiment had six parent clones (CCP 06, CCP 09, CCP 76, CCP 1001, C1P3, and P399E) and 18 hybrid plants. A randomized complete block experimental design with two replications and five plants per plot was used. The average heterosis was 12%, 19%, 98%, 97%, and -2%, for the parent clones, based on the traits plant height, canopy diameter, number of nuts per plant, nut yield, and nut weight. It should be pointed out the presence of hybrid vigor in all crosses for all traits, except nut weight. This stresses the importance of hybrid vigor exploration, with perspectives of significant genetic improvement of the cashew culture, by obtaining superior commercial clones and establishing base-populations for the population breeding program. The hybrid combinations CCP 06 x C1P3, CCP 09 x P399E, and CCP 09 x CCP 06 are the most promising.

O consumo de pedúnculo de caju "in natura" vem experimentando incremento no Brasil após o cultivo dos novos clones de cajueiro-anão-precoce lançados nos anos oitenta. Apesar desses avanços, o consumo ainda é reduzido, uma vez que não ultrapassa 1% das cerca de 1,5 milhão de toneladas anuais produzidas no Nordeste. Este baixo consumo deve-se a alguns fatores, como o teor de tanino (0,27% a 0,72%) existente nos tipos cultivados de A. occidentale L. Por isso, a Embrapa vem realizando pesquisa objetivando a melhoria dessa característica nos clones anão-precoce CP76 e CP09, via retrocruzamento, com a espécie A. microcarpum L. Neste trabalho, iniciado em 1999, avaliaram-se o tanino, a acidez total (ATT%), os sólidos solúveis totais (SST), a relação SST/ATT, o pH e a textura de pedúnculos dos genitores empregados nos retrocruzamentos e seus respectivos híbridos, com os seguintes resultados: a) confirmaram-se os baixos teores de tanino (0,14%) e de ATT (0,16%) no A. microcarpum em relação às médias dos clones CP76 e CP09 (0,33% para tanino e 0,26% para ATT); b) o A. microcarpum também foi superior quanto à relação SST/ATT (80,6%) e a textura do pedúnculo (10,75 N), sendo os valores dos clones de 47,9 e 6,9N, respectivamente; c) estes resultados confirmam a importância do A. microcarpum como pai doador no melhoramento genético; d) os genitores não diferiram quanto aos teores de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e pH; e) os híbridos entre A. microcarpum e A. occidentale exibiram acentuado vigor híbrido com relação aos teores de tanino, acidez e textura, e ausência de vigor híbrido em relação aos valores do pH e de sólidos solúveis totais (SST); f) não houve efeito nos cruzamentos recíprocos, para a maioria das características estudadas, à exceção do tanino.

Nossa proposta para este artigo é a de estabelecermos um debate acerca dos ideais de Instrução Pública dos Presidentes da Província do Grão-Pará, que, em meio as mudanças econômicas e sociais, elegeram a Escola Normal como modelo de formação de professores que poderia sanar os problemas do sistema de Instrução Pública da Província. Procuramos observar também os embates na impresa paraense, da época, relativos a Lei nº 669, de 13 de abril de 1871, que cria a Escola Normal do Pará, como forma de compreendermos os meandros discursivos das tendências liberal e conservadora relacionados a esta medida legal, bem como a disputa, travada por esses grupos, dos projetos políticos de sociedade e de educação para o Império do Brasil e para a Província do Grão-Pará.

O processo de reciclagem de papel gera resíduos que são geralmente depositados em aterros. No entanto, esses resíduos apresentam constituintes que podem atuar como corretivos da acidez do solo e como fonte de nutrientes, principalmente o cálcio. Por outro lado, nesses resíduos também há presença de metais pesados, que podem causar impacto ambiental negativo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de calcário dolomítico e de dois tipos de resíduo de indústria que recicla papel sobre o pHágua; pHSMP; teores de P, K, M.O., Al, Ca, Mg, Al+H; CTC; saturação por bases e por Al; relação Ca/Mg; e teores de S, Zn, Cu, B, Mn, Fe, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cd e Cr. O calcário e os resíduos de reciclagem de papel corrigiram a acidez do solo, bem como alteraram significativamente outras características químicas. Os teores de K no solo foram reduzidos pela aplicação dos resíduos. A aplicação de resíduos de reciclagem de papel não aumentou os teores de metais pesados no solo.

Os resíduos produzidos pelas indústrias que reciclam papel, também conhecidos como lodo ETE, apresentam constituintes que podem atuar como corretivos da acidez do solo e como fonte de nutrientes, principalmente cálcio. No entanto, nesses resíduos também existem metais pesados, que podem provocar impacto ambiental. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de calcário dolomítico e dois tipos de resíduos de indústria recicladora de papel sobre o crescimento e o teor de nutrientes e metais pesados no tecido da alface. Avaliaram-se os efeitos de cinco doses de calcário dolomítico e de dois tipos de resíduos de reciclagem de papel sobre o crescimento e os teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, enxofre, cobre, zinco, ferro, manganês, sódio, boro, cádmio, cromo, níquel, chumbo e mercúrio no tecido da alface. A aplicação de calcário e dos dois tipos de resíduo de reciclagem de papel aumentou a massa seca da parte aérea da alface. Os teores de nutrientes e de metais pesados não foram afetados pelos tratamentos.

O principal problema da cajucultura no Brasil é a baixa produtividade dos pomares, atualmente menos de 220 kg ha-1,de castanha, razão pela qual a prioridade é a obtenção de novas cultivares. Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados da avaliação de 30 clones de cajueiro (incluindo quatro testemunhas), em regime de sequeiro, efetuada entre abril de 1990 e fevereiro de 1997, na Estação Experimental de Pacajus, CE, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e quatro plantas/parcela, com espaços de 7 x 7 m. Os resultados mostraram que os clones CAP 01, CAP 05 e CAP 12, com altura mais de 70% superior aos 2,4 m médios das testemunhas, são de porte intermediário entre os tipos comum e anãoprecoce. O diâmetro da copa dos clones CAP 10, CAP 06 e CAP 26 foi superior em mais de 63% aos 4,8 m médios das testemunhas; os clones CAP 02, CAP 07, CAP 24 e CAP 25 foram os de menor envergadura. A produção dos clones CAP 12, CAP 18 e CAP 26 foi, respectivamente, de 1.510, 1.281 e 1.262 kg ha-1 de castanhas, no quinto ano, ou seja, 175% maior do que a testemunha mais produtiva, e o CAP 12 e o CAP 18 foram os mais regulares quanto a este caráter. O peso da amêndoa variou de 1,9 a 3,2 g, com 16 clones apresentando amêndoas superiores a 2,5 g (as de maior preço no mercado internacional de nozes). Quatro clones apresentaram rendimento de amêndoa acima dos 28% da melhor testemunha (são obtidos 22% na indústria brasileira), e os clones CAP 11, CAP 06 e CAP 05 apresentaram menos de 2% de amêndoas quebradas. Os resultados apontaram os clones CAP 26 e CAP 06 como os mais promissores.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram obter informações dos componentes de médias de populações de cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.), por meio de análise dialélica parcial, e verificar o potencial per se de dois grupos distintos de parentais: um, constituído por clones comerciais de cajueiro-anão-precoce (CCP06, CCP76, CCP09 e CCP1001), e o outro, por matrizes de cajueiro comum (CP07, CP12, CP77, CP96 e BTON), e a heterose em suas respectivas combinações híbridas. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram altura da planta, diâmetro da copa, número da castanhas por planta, produtividade de castanhas, peso médio da castanha, peso médio da amêndoa e relação peso da amêndoa/peso da castanha. Constatou-se que os efeitos de parentais e heterose são importantes componentes das médias das populações em estudo, em relação a todos os caracteres. Entre os componentes heteróticos, a heterose média apresentou-se como o mais expressivo, indicando presença de dominância e considerável divergência genética entre os dois grupos. Apenas em relação aos caracteres número de castanhas e produtividade a capacidade específica de combinação foi significativa. As combinações híbridas CCP76 x CP07, CCP09 x BTON e CCP09 x CP77 são as mais promissoras, sendo indicadas para formação de populações-base para programas de melhoramento do cajueiro.

In Portugal, there is very few experience in pediatric retroperitoneoscopy. The authors present the first Portuguese series of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomies (RLN) in children younger than nine years-old, as well as a literature review about the theme.Retrospective analysis of clinical charts of all children submitted to RLN between January 2009 and December 2009 in a Pediatric Surgery Department. The literature review was made searching related articles in Medline.Eight RLN were preformed. The medium age of the patients was 4,5 years-old (minimum = 11 months, maximum = 8,6 years). The indications for surgery were: four multicystic kidneys, three reflux nephropathy, and one obstructive nephropathy. Four RLN were preformed on the left side. The medium operative time was 99 minutes (minimum = 50 minutes, maximum = 180 minutes). There was a shortening of operative time as the surgical team got more experienced. There were no conversions to open surgery. Medium hospital stay was 1,5 days (minimum = 1 day, maximum = 2 days). There were no intra-operative and no post-operative complications.RLN is feasible in children younger than nine years-old and should be considered standard treatment in pediatric population.