138 results on '"Introduced species"'
Search Results
2. ANIMAIS MEDICINAIS E MÍSTICOS USADOS POPULARMENTE NO LITORAL PIAUIENSE, BRASIL.
- Author
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Alves Sales, Manoel Bruno, Machado Amarante, Luiz Henrique, Soares de Oliveira, Jefferson, and Rodrigues Vieira, Irlaine
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MAMMAL diversity , *NATIVE species , *RESPIRATORY organs , *INTRODUCED species , *SOCIOCULTURAL factors - Abstract
The aim was to understand the fauna of the coastline of the state of Piauí, Brazil, for medicinal and mystical purposes. 91 riverside dwellers were interviewed through semi-structured forms. The data were evaluated through consensus among the informants and the Use Value (UV). 11 species of medicinal animals and three mystical ones were mentioned. Knowledge is mainly acquired through parents. The most treated diseases are related to the respiratory system. The mystical purposes are associated with attracting luck and preventing diseases and accidents. Despite the diversity of mammals used, reptiles are considered the most important medicines. The same pattern is observed for mystical uses. Although the use of exotic and domesticated species occurs, native species obtained through hunting predominate. The fauna is an important medicinal and mystical resource for the riverside populations on the coast of Piauí, Brazil, a result of knowledge passed down through generations and associated with local cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
3. So far from home: first record of Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) in the Brazilian Amazon
- Author
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Thaís Melo de ALMEIDA, Luiz Felipe Moretti INIESTA, Rodrigo Salvador BOUZAN, and José Wellington de MORAIS
- Subjects
Myriapoda ,introduced species ,millipede ,South America ,cyphopods ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The millipede Chondromorpha xanthotricha, supposedly native to Sri Lanka and southern India, is considered a pantropical species occurring in Southeast Asia, North America, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, Central America and northern South America. Here we report the first record of this species for Brazil, in the central Amazon region of the country, with taxonomic notes and images of male and female specimens.
- Published
- 2022
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4. Primeiros registros das espécies asiáticas Oxidus gracilis (C.L. Koch), Orthomorpha coarctata (Saussure) (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) e Trigoniulus corallinus (Gervais) (Spirobolida, Trigoniulidae) para o Maranhão.
- Author
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Lino, Gelvane, Gabrielle Marques, Maria, Salvador Bouzan, Rodrigo, Domingos Brescovit, Antonio, and Moretti Iniesta, Luiz Felipe
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MILLIPEDES , *NUTRIENT cycles , *AGRICULTURAL pests , *BIODIVERSITY , *INTRODUCED species , *CITIES & towns , *FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
The class Diplopoda corresponds to about 12,000 nominal species. The species are associated with almost all soil strata, efficiently contributing to nutrient cycling. Some species are considered agricultural pests, widely introduced through human activities. In Brazil, 12 introduced species are known, with most of them originating from Asia, and spread mainly in the Southeast region. Among these, stand out Oxidus gracilis (C.L. Koch) and Orthomorpha coarctata (Saussure) (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), recorded for almost all regions of the country, and Trigoniulus corallinus (Gervais) (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae), occurring in the North, Northeast, and Southeast regions. However, even though these species are widely distributed, none of them has been registered so far in the state of Maranhão. In this perspective, the present work aims to register for the first time in Maranhão the occurrence of these species from samplings in urban areas from the municipality of Códo, eastern region of the state, during the months of January and February of 2023. The individuals have been found buried in more superficial layers of the soil or associated with nearby pools of water in the litter. It is important to highlight that the region has great vegetation diversity, but without any conservation unit formulated so far, in addition to currently suffering from the advance of Silviculture and extractive activities, which may lead to the loss of biological diversity in areas still almost unexplored in relation to fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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5. Restauração ecológica em sistemas agroflorestais sucessionais do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo.
- Author
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Sícoli Seoane, Carlos Eduardo, Batista Bim, Ocimar, Dalton Lima, Artur, and Maranhão Froufe, Luís Cláudio
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AGRICULTURAL ecology , *INTRODUCED species , *PEASANTS , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
From the last three decades, there has been a growing perception that the restoration of degraded ecosystems is necessary to guarantee a minimum life quality for future generations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the successional agroforestry systems of Vale do Ribeira, using ecological restoration indicators present in the Brazilian legislation and the in international concepts presented by the Society for Ecological Restoration, and to point out possible solutions to optimize its potential. The successional agroforestry systems in the Vale do Ribeira proved to be efficient, effective and engaged as ecological restoration practices, since they meet the ecological restoration indicators of the legislation and most of the concepts of restoration ecology. Public policies should be developed aiming regulatory incentives and technological solutions to increase income generation by these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Diversidade e distribuição espacial de plantas exóticas invasoras em um fragmento de floresta secundária no município de Pindamonhangaba, SP.
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Jerônimo, Letícia Sanches, da Silva, Ricardo Bottossi Pinheiro, dos Santos, Maurício Morais, and Voltolini, Júlio Cesar
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INTRODUCED species ,FOREST density ,NATIVE species ,SPECIES diversity ,BIOLOGICAL invasions - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Biociências is the property of Revista Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
7. Ichthyological collection of the Unillanos Natural History Museum (MHNU-I), Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
- Author
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Miguel Ángel Cortes Hernández, Elizabeth Aya Baquero, Juan Gabriel Albornoz Garzón, and Hernando Ramírez Gil
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endemic species ,freshwater fishes ,introduced species ,natural history museum ,orinoco ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The ichthyological collection of the Unillanos Natural History Museum (MHNU-I) is the first fish collection of the Colombian Orinoquia. The collection harbors 78 806 specimens in 3229 lots, collected between 2012 and 2019, representing 10 orders, 42 families, 170 genera, and 272 species, coming mostly from freshwater environments of the Orinoco River basin (99 %), representing 37.3 % of the total number of freshwater species listed for the Orinoco hydrographic area. The collection contains records of 20 endemic species, two threatened species (Potamotrygon orbignyi and Sorubim lima), and two introduced species (Caquetaia kraussii and Oreochromis niloticus). The information contained in this dataset allows consolidating the ichthyological collection of the MHNU, as a point of reference in terms of fish diversity of this region.
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- 2022
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8. EXISTE ESPECIFICIDADE DE HOSPEDEIROS POR Psittacanthus acinarius (Loranthaceae) EM ÁREA VERDE URBANA?
- Author
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Luiz Gabriel, André, Chaves Coene, Angelica, Campos dos Santos, Camila, Sampaio Cozer, Mileny, and Aoki, Camila
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INTRODUCED species , *WILDLIFE conservation , *PLANT communities , *URBAN ecology , *MISTLETOES - Abstract
The mistletoe species is an important element in plant communities. This plant provides resources for pollinators, frugivores and herbivores and has both economic and social relevance to humans. Understanding the ecology of mistletoe is essential to the planning of management and conservation strategies for the species involved. Therefore, the present study offers unprecedented information regarding the occurrence of Psittacanthus acinarius on native and exotic species in the urban environment of the ecotone between the Cerrado (savanna) and Pantanal (wetlands) biomes in centralwestern Brazil. We recorded a high rate of infestation (26.7%) among the trees on the Aquidauana campus of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Greater infestation by P. acinarius was found on native trees, especially Inga laurina, Machaerium acutifolium, Jacaranda cuspidifolia and Sapium haematospermum. Studies on the factors that determine the prevalence of infestation and the use of hosts by P. acinarius are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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9. Trampling on rocky shores by an introduced capybara population in Anchieta Island State Park, Brazil
- Author
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Maria Laura Fontelles Ternes
- Subjects
Coastal conservation ,Environmental management ,Intertidal zone ,Introduced species ,Protected area ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
This study describes an unusual case of trampling on intertidal rocky shores by the largest rodent, the capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766). Groups of capybaras were sighted swimming, diving and resting along the rocky shores of Anchieta Island State Park, Brazil. The possible effects of daily trampling on rocky shores by a large and uncontrolled capybara population are discussed, and management and research interventions are proposed.
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- 2019
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10. Coleopterofauna (Insecta: Coleoptera) associada a um plantio de Acacia mearnsii.
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Alves Saldanha, Mateus, Corrêa Costa, Ervandil, Mortari Machado, Leonardo, and do Nascimento Machado, Dayanna
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FOREST insects , *INTRODUCED species , *GENDER , *CERAMBYCIDAE , *SCARABAEIDAE - Abstract
Acaciculture is an important source of income for Rio Grande do Sul, being among the three main crops of exotic forest species present in the State. The objective of the present work is to analyze quali-quantitatively the insect species of the Order Coleoptera associated with a plantation of A. mearnsii. For this, 36 ethanolic flight interception traps were installed in an A. mearnsii plantation where four fortnightly collections were carried out. After collection, the captured insects were placed in properly identified containers and taken to the laboratory for screening. Four hundred forty coleopteran specimens were collected, distributed in 23 families, 82 morpho-species; of these, 41 were identified at the species level and 41 at the gender level. Cerambycidae and Scarabaeidae were the most abundant families, making up 32.83% and 12.93% of the total specimens collected, respectively. Euetheola humilis, with 27 specimens, stood out, being the most abundant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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11. ETNOBOTÂNICA DAS PLANTAS MEDICINAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE PARARI, PARAÍBA, BRASIL.
- Author
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Miguel de Araújo, Amanda, de Morais Rodrigues, Erimágna, and Coelho Moura, Debora
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ARID regions , *INTRODUCED species , *CIVIL service , *SEMI-structured interviews , *VEGETABLE farming , *MEDICINAL plants , *TRADITIONAL ecological knowledge - Abstract
The traditional groups that inhabit the Northeastern region, especially the rural ones, of the Caatinga Semi-Arid region, have an empirical knowledge, which is passed on between generations, maintaining a link with the medicinal flora. The study aimed to carry out a floristic survey of medicinal plants, native and exotic species used by residents of Parari-PB, as well as a study of the socio-economic condition of the population. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, investigating which vegetables are grown by families and the socioeconomic situation. The population of the municipality consists mainly of farmers, retirees, and municipal civil servants. Regarding medicinal plants, 13 botanical families were used to control respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary disorders. Also, the therapeutic indications of the plants made by the raizeiros are scientifically proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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12. Plantas medicinais utilizadas na comunidade de Campo Preto, Arneiroz, Ceará.
- Author
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Freire de Brito, Selma and Lopes Evangelista, Antônio Wanderson
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HUMAN-plant relationships , *MEDICINAL plants , *PLANT diseases , *PLANT communities , *INTRODUCED species - Abstract
Ethnobotany has the role of helping to understand the relationships between men and plants in a community. The objective of this research was to carry out a survey on medicinal plants used in the community of Campo Preto, Armeiroz, Ceará, located in a region of Caatinga. The data were obtained through a previously prepared interview that sought to identify the people who use it; which medicinal plants are used; the forms of preparation; the parts used; where these plants are obtained; and what diseases these medicinal plants are used for. Most of the interviewees have incomplete elementary education and learned about medicinal plants from someone in the family. Nineteen plants were cited, the most cited being Lippia alba. The community resorts to the use of plants mainly to fight colds being prepared in the form of tea. It draws attention to the high number of exotic species used by the community. Finally, it is known that medicinal plants are used by all interviewed families, emphasizing the need to know and encourage the use of species of native flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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13. Do Morphological Similarities and human-induced dispersal explain the non-native occurrence of Serpulidae (Annelida) in Southwest Atlantic? Taxonomic detailing is the key
- Author
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Andrielle Raposo Rodrigues, Luis Felipe Skinner, and Ana Claudia dos Santos Brasil
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Spirobranchus ,Hydroides ,Protula ,Introduced species ,Tropical West Atlantic ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Species of Serpulidae are common on benthic and biofouling communities, occurring attached on both natural and artificial substrates. In this paper, Serpulids were collected from intertidal to subtidal areas, on rocky shore and suspended artificial plates in port areas. Herein we report three new records of serpulid species to the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We also discuss the misidentification of Spirobranchus tetraceros, which was previously reported to the north of Rio de Janeiro.
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- 2020
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14. Home range of the mouse Phyllotis osilae in forest fragments of Polylepis subtusalbida with different habitat matrix.
- Author
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ROJAS-ESTRADA, ROMEO, AGUIRRE, LUIS F., and ANTEZANA, FREDDY NAVARRO
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PINUS radiata ,INTRODUCED species ,EUCALYPTUS globulus ,HABITATS ,POTENTIAL functions - Abstract
Copyright of Therya is the property of Asociacion Mexicana de Mastozoologia, A. C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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15. Primeira citação de Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) para a ilha de São Miguel, Açores (Portugal) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).
- Author
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Vieira, V.
- Subjects
ORNAMENTAL plants ,INTRODUCED species ,SPECIES distribution ,BOXWOOD ,PLANT species - Abstract
Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Elaboração de um guia ilustrado com a ictiofauna do Rio Itapecerica, Divinópolis-MG: educação e conscientização ambiental.
- Author
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Fernandes de Carvalho, Wellington, Silva Brighenti, Ludmila, Gruppi Thomé, Ralph, and Batista dos Santos, Hélio
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FISHERY laws , *INTRODUCED species , *URBAN schools , *ENVIRONMENTAL education , *ICHTHYOLOGY , *CLASSIFICATION of fish - Abstract
Itapecerica is an important river located in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais' State, Brazil, and suffers from several anthropogenic impacts, such as pollution and the introduction of exotic species. Therefore, environmental education and awareness actions are necessary for valorization and preservation of this ecosystem and the species of fish that inhabit it. Thus, we have prepared an illustrated guide on Itapecerica River's ichthyofauna to be used as a support material for highschool classes. Each fish species cataloged and described in the literature was characterized regarding feeding, reproductive, morphological and ecological aspects. The guide provides a brief description of 29 fish species of the Itapecerica River and the state amateur fishing regulations. The guide was used as a base material for lectures in November 2019 to 330 highschool students from a public school in the city of Divinópolis, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We observed that the guide allowed students to broaden their knowledge of ichthyology, such as the importance of fish preservation, the distinction of species, and their role in the ecosystem. Also, it provided a closer relationship between students and nature and contributed to some demands of the educational area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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17. Caracterização da madeira de Hovenia dulcis para a fabricação de pisos.
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Marchesan, Raquel, França, Morgana Cristina, Loiola, Pedro Lício, da Rocha, Márcio Pereira, Klitzke, Ricardo Jorge, and da Silva, José Reinaldo Moreira
- Abstract
This work aimed to characterize the wood of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg, to be used in the manufacture of floors. Five trees obtained in Araucaria Forest were used for the technological characterization. The trees had, in average, 18 years old. After logging, they were measured to determine their volume. The logs were sawed into boards and blocks to determine the basic specific mass, Janka hardness (base log) and in-service floor simulation tests (middle and top logs). The boards and blocks were dried before the test samples preparation. We considered samples of 100% of heartwood and composed of heartwood and sapwood. H. dulcis was characterized as wood of medium specific mass (0.54 g cm- ³) and medium strength (5,851.99 N). For all in-service floor simulation tests, H. dulcis wood showed superior or similar resistance to other exotic species and inferior to native hardwood species found in the literature. It was concluded that the wood under study shows low strength for maximum efforts and can be used on floors for light traffic or in places where loads are low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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18. POPULATION CONTROL OF INVASIVE WILD SPECIES THROUGH TUBAL LIGATION AND VASECTOMY IN PRIMATES CALLITHRIX PENICILLATA: CASE REPORT/CONTROL DE LA POBLACION DE ESPECIES SILVESTRES INVASORAS MEDIANTE LIGADURA DE TROMPAS Y VASECTOMIA EN PRIMATAS CALLITHRIX PENICILLATA: INFORME DEL CASO/CONTROLE POPULACIONAL DE ESPECIES SILVESTRES INVASORAS POR MEIO DE LAQUEADURA E VASECTOMIA EM PRIMATAS Callithrixpenicillata: RELATO DE CASO
- Author
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da Silva, Davi Fragoso, da Silva, Elisangela Barboza, and Terra, Andre Preturlon
- Published
- 2018
19. Reserva Biológica Estadual Mata Paludosa: paisagem, memória e patrimônio natural.
- Author
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Pacheco Carvalho, Aline Beatriz, Sanson de Bem, Judite, and Vargas Cademartori, Cristina
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GROUP identity ,NATURAL landscaping ,INTRODUCED species ,RAISINS ,CITIES & towns - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Confluências Culturais is the property of Fundacao Educacional da Regiao de Joinville - FURJ and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE ALEVINOS DE Oreochromis niloticus (LINNAEUS, 1758) SUBMETIDOS A DIETA FRACIONADA.
- Author
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Vinicios Geller, Iago, Campos, Celine, Bueno Noleto, Rafael, and Otavio Ribeiro, Marcos
- Subjects
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FISH farming , *NILE tilapia , *FISH growth , *DIET , *INTRODUCED species , *ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
Fish is a protein source with high economic value and fish farming is a viable alternative for many producers. Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) has a good development in intensive culture. Diet for breeding may comprise between 40 and 70% of total costs and fish growth is directly proportional to the established ration. Current study analyzes the performance of O. niloticus fry with fractionated diet during 60 days. Two hundred and twenty-five fry, mean weight 3.5 g and mean size 5.5 cm, sexually male inverted, were employed. Seventy-five fry were distributed in each experimental unit (10m3), with three treatments and three different feed frequencies: one daily feed comprising 5% of live weight; two daily feeds comprising 5% of live weight; three daily feeds comprising 5% of live weight. Amount of diet was the same, albeit fractionated. All treatment had the same extruded commercial diet. Results after 60 days showed no significant differences between treatments for the growth of tilapia fry with fractionated diet (p > 0.05). The producer will have satisfactory results with a single diet when compared to feed distributed up to three times a day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE MASTOFAUNA EM ÁREA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE RODOANEL NA CIDADE DE UBERABA/MG.
- Author
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Raimundo Costa, William, Sbroia Neto, Raul, Túlio de Freitas, Marco, Santos Correia, Davi Leandro, and Antônio Gomes Junior, Juarez
- Subjects
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WILD boar , *ARMADILLOS , *METROPOLITAN areas , *INTRODUCED species - Abstract
The present study was carried out in Uberaba city, MG, in areas destined to the implantation of ring road, with the purpose of reducing the traffic of heavy vehicles in the inhabited urban areas of said city. 32 species of medium and large mammals were registered by direct and indirect methods, Dasypodidae being the most abundant family. The presence of the exotic species Sus scrofa was verified. As this species is considered a strong competitor, and your presence may lead to several ecological damages to the populations of native species that inhabit the region, since it competes with native species for food, shelter, territory and breeding areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
22. Dispersão de sementes, regeneração e rebrota de Pinus taeda no Planalto Norte do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil.
- Author
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Bognola, Itamar Antonio, Lavoranti, Osmir José, Rioyei Higa, Antonio, Toledo Coutinho, Rodrigo, Bobko, Anderson, and Ribas Junior, Ulisses
- Abstract
Pinus plantations cover approximately 1.6 million ha in Brazil. Since pines are considered to be alien invaders with the potential to modify natural environments, the aim of this study was to evaluate seed dispersal, establishment and control of Pinus taeda L., in order to characterize its biological invasion potential under different situations. We studied the dispersal/viability of pine seeds at 25 m, 50 m, 75 m, 100 m, 125 m and 150 m for from the border of a commercial stand, in North, South, East and West directions. Besides, 800 seeds of this species were sown in 11 different sites, ranging from a preserved natural forest to open habitats, in order to evaluate the regeneration potential. Regrowth was also monitored in stumps cut at 10 cm above ground, in well drained or moist sites. Seed dispersal and germination were higher in the South direction and up to 25 m. In the preserved forest no seed germinated, probably due to low light incidence, while in more open habitats they not only germinated but also established. Regrowth was not observed under any studied condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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23. Youngia japonica (L.) DC. (Compositae), recently detected in Barcelona
- Author
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S. Pyke
- Subjects
crepis ,gardens ,iberian peninsula ,introduced species ,youngia ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Youngia japonica, introduced accidentally in urban garden areas, is recorded for the first time from the Iberian Peninsula. It has maintained its presence in the place where it was first observed without expanding, and has reappeared over the following years. A possible means of introduction is along with Zoysia, species of grass used for forming lawns as an alternative to Bermuda grass.
- Published
- 2016
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24. Ocorrência de um molusco invasor (Melanoides tuberculata, Müller, 1774), em diferentes sistemas aquáticos da bacia hidrográfica do Rio.
- Author
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de Paula, Cecília Maria, Almeida Vaz, Adriane, Almeida Vaz, Ariane, Pires Pelizari, Gisele, Suarez Robayo, Heidi Marcela, Deluno Garcia, Thaís, Avelino, Daniely, Grici Zacarin, Giuliano, and Senteio Smith, Welber
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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25. Reporte y distribución potencial de una palma exótica ornamental (Roystonea oleracea) en Ecuador.
- Author
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Herrera, Ileana, Hernández-Rosas, José I., Suárez, Cesar F., Cornejo, Xavier, Amaya, Alix, Goncalves, Estefany, and Ayala, Claudia
- Abstract
The Roystonea oleracea palm, a native of the Caribbean, has been introduced in some tropical countries as an ornamental plant and it invades the wetlands of Brazil, Guyana and Panama. In this study we report the presence of R. oleracea in the coastal region of Ecuador where it is widely cultivated as an ornamental. Using a satellite image, we estimated the abundance and coverage of this species at Isla Santay, a Ramsar wetland. We also made a potential distribution model of R. oleracea in Ecuador, using BIOCLIM. At Isla Santay, this species has been naturalized and covers about 43 hectares. The potential distribution model shows that, in addition to Isla Santay, there are five other Ramsar wetlands on the coast of Ecuador that are susceptible climatically to establishment of R. oleracea. Due to the invasive potential of this species in wetlands we recommend that its use as an ornamental plant be prohibited in areas near wetlands in Ecuador. Studies must be carried out to monitor naturalization and ecological impacts of R. oleracea in Ecuadorian wetlands in order to establish management priorities and contribute to the conservation of these important ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Dinâmica trófica de Plagioscion squamosissimus (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) em trechos de influência da represa Capivara (rios Paranapanema e Tibagi) Trophic dynamic of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Perciformes, Scianidae) in stretches under influence of the Capivara dam (Paranapanema and Tibagi rivers)
- Author
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Sirlei T. Bennemann, Luiz G. Capra, Wanner Galves, and Oscar A. Shibatta
- Subjects
Espécie introduzida ,pescada-do-Piauí ,peixe não nativo ,água doce ,predação ,Introduced species ,non-native fish ,freshwater ,predation ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) foi estudada em cinco trechos de influência da represa Capivara nos rios Paranapanema e Tibagi. As amostragens foram realizadas em dois períodos, 1992/1993 e 1994/1995, em coletas mensais, e sazonalmente no período 2001/2002. As capturas foram efetivadas com redes de espera simples com malhas entre 2 a 12 cm. Foram analisados 993 exemplares. Os itens alimentares identificados foram agrupados em categorias e analisados pelo método da composição percentual. A composição da dieta foi comparada entre os períodos de amostragens e entre trechos, pela análise de similaridade usando o coeficiente de Bray-Curtis. Os resultados indicaram que em todos os períodos e em todos os trechos houve uniformidade no consumo dos tipos de itens alimentares. Os itens encontrados foram agrupados em seis categorias: peixes, camarão, Odonata, Ephemeroptera, outros grupos de insetos e outros (material vegetal, detritos e organismos, raramente encontrados). Em todos os trechos e em todas as épocas analisadas, P. squamosissimus se manteve como carnívora, e no período 2001/2002 o item camarão (Macrobrachium amazonicum) foi o de maior participação em sua dieta. Concomitante com o fato de a corvina trocar de alimento substituindo peixes por camarão, mudou o comportamento quanto à freqüência na tomada de alimento e na variedade de tipos de itens consumidos. Quando P. squamosissimus utiliza camarão, maior número de indivíduos são encontrados nos estômagos, na maioria dos casos com apenas este tipo de item.Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) was studied in five stretches in Paranapanema and Tibagi rivers under the influence of the Capivara reservoir. The samplings were made on a monthly basis during the 1992/1993 and 1994/1995 periods and seasonally during the 2001/2002 period. The captures were made with gillnets with meshes varying between 2 and 12 cm. A total of 993 specimens had their stomach analyzed. The identified food items were grouped in trophic categories and analyzed by the percent composition method. The diet composition was compared among sampling periods and among stretches by the similarity analysis using the Bray-Curtis' coefficient. The results indicated that the consumption of food items was uniform in all periods and stretches analysed. The food items found were grouped in six categories: fishes, shrimp, Odonata, Ephemeroptera, other insect groups and "others" (plant material, detritus and rarely-found organisms). In all stretches and during all the studied periods, P. squamosissimus presented a carnivorous diet, and during the 2001/2002 period the item shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum) represented the largest portion of the diet. Concomitant with the shift from fish to shrimp, there were also changes in feeding behavior, shown by the changes in feeding frequency in food taking and in the variety of consumed food items. A large number of prey individuals were found in the stomach contents when P. squamosissimus fed on shrimp, with most specimens feeding exclusively on this food item.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Caracterização da piscicultura na região do Vale do Ribeira - SP Characterization of fish farming in the Ribeira Valley region - SP
- Author
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Daniela Castellani and Walter Barrella
- Subjects
cultivo de peixes ,espécies cultivadas ,espécies introduzidas ,fish farming ,cultivated species ,introduced species ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Este trabalho buscou caracterizar a piscicultura na Região do Vale do Ribeira quanto aos sistemas de manejo. Estudaram-se quarenta e duas pisciculturas sendo que, destas, 36 praticam o sistema semi-intensivo e seis o sistema intensivo, com os seguintes objetivos: engorda de peixes, produção de alevinos e pesque-pagues. Foram listadas 41 espécies de peixes cultivadas. Apenas 6 espécies são nativas da Bacia do Rio Ribeira de Iguape: lambari (Astyanax sp Linneaus, 1758), traíra (Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, 1794), robalo (Centropomus ssp Cuvier e Valenciennes, 1928), jundiá (Rhamdia quelen Quoy e Gaimard, 1824), cascudo (Hypostomus sp Marschall, 1873) e cará (Geophagus brasiliensis Quoy e Gaimard, 1824). Em 95% das pisciculturas foram verificadas fugas de peixes exóticos e alóctones dos cultivos. A tilápia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus Linneaus, 1758) foi a espécie mais freqüente em escapes, e também é a segunda mais cultivada pelos piscicultores, perdendo somente para o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Halmberg, 1887). Foi possível verificar mediante o cálculo da conversão alimentar, que há um desperdício anual de cerca de 32% da ração utilizada nos cultivos pesquisados. A piscicultura encontra-se em plena expansão nesta região, e já representa a atividade agropecuária mais importante após a bananicultura.The aim of this work was to characterize the fish farming in the Ribeira de Iguape Basin, southern São Paulo State (Brazil), in relation to the management systems. Forty two farms were studied. A semi-intensive system is used by 36 farmers, while an intensive system is used only by 6 studied farmers. Their objectives were raising fish, juvenile fish production and sportive fishery. Forty one fish species were found to be cultivated, but only six were native species from Ribeira Valley: lambari (Astyanax sp Linneaus, 1758), traíra (Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, 1794), robalo (Centropomus ssp Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1928), jundiá (Rhamdia quelen Quoy and Gaimard, 1824), cascudo (Hypostomus sp Marschall, 1873) and cará (Geophagus brasiliensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). Fish escapes were observed in 95% of farms studied, with Nile tilapia (Oreocrhomis niloticus Linneaus, 1758) being the most frequent. The pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Halmberg, 1887) and Nile tilapia were the most cultivated species. According to estimation of food conversion, around 32% of food supplied was wasted yearly. The fish farming is an activity in expansion in the Ribeira Valley and account for the second regional economic activity after banana cultivation.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. From the headwaters to the Iguazu Falls: Inventory of the ichthyofauna in the Iguazu River basin shows increasing percentages of nonnative species
- Author
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Mezzaroba, Luciano, Gubiani, Éder André, Pereira, Alexandre Leandro, and Piana, Pitágoras Augusto
- Subjects
Peixes ,Fish ,Paraná State ,Introduced species ,Extinction risk ,Espécies introduzidas ,RECURSOS PESQUEIROS E ENGENHARIA DE PESCA [CIENCIAS AGRARIAS] ,Lista de espécies ,Estado do Paraná ,List of species ,Risco de extinção - Abstract
Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2021-03-10T19:18:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciano_Mezzaroba_ 2021.pdf: 568706 bytes, checksum: fc57058a9b079e8346351ab1345380c1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-10T19:18:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciano_Mezzaroba_ 2021.pdf: 568706 bytes, checksum: fc57058a9b079e8346351ab1345380c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-01-20 Knowledge of the ichthyofauna of a hydrographic basin is the minimum necessary condition for the implementation of any measures for the exploration, management or preservation of water and fishing resources. Despite its relevance, the number of fish species across the Iguazu River basin is still uncertain. Thus, the objective of this study was to compile the fish species that occur in the extensive stretch of the basin above the Iguazu Falls. In addition, we recorded the level of threat of extinction for native species, the origin of nonnative species, and their main vectors of introduction. To achieve this goal, a survey was carried out through consultations with ichthyological collections as well as online databases. Also, a literature review was conducted using the search platforms Thomson Reuters, SciELO and Elsevier’s ScienceDirect to locate all articles published by March 2020 that addressed the topic “ichthyofauna in the Iguazu River basin”. The survey compiled a total of 133 fish species distributed in nine orders, 29 families and 72 genera. Seventy-nine fish species were recorded that occur throughout the entire length of the basin, 119 species that occur in the hydrographic units of the middle and lower Iguazu River (40 exclusive) and 93 species that occur in the hydrographic unit of the upper Iguazu River (14 exclusive). The endemism rate shown here for the Iguazu River basin (approximately 69%) contrasts with the 40 nonnative fish species recorded (approximately 30% of the total species in the basin). Successive impoundments, reductions in habitat quality and the increase in the number of nonnative species are the main threats to native species, especially to the endemic species; approximately 20% of these species were listed in some category of threat of extinction. We emphasize that constant monitoring of ichthyofauna is necessary to discover putatively undescribed species, as well as for the application of management strategies to mitigate the negative effects and promote the control of the spread of nonnative species. Conhecer a ictiofauna de uma bacia hidrográfica compreende condição mínima necessária para que se possam implantar quaisquer medidas de exploração, manejo ou preservação dos recursos hídricos e pesqueiros. Apesar de sua relevância, o número de espécies de peixes de toda a bacia hidrográfica do rio Iguaçu ainda é incerto. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi compilar as espécies de peixes que ocorrem no extenso trecho da bacia acima das Cataratas do Iguaçu. Além disso, registramos o nível de ameaça de extinção às espécies nativas, a origem das espécies não nativas e suas principais vias de introdução. Para isso foi realizado um levantamento por meio de consultas a coleções ictiológicas, bem como aos bancos de dados online, além de revisão de literatura por meio do uso das plataformas de buscas Thomson Reuters, Scielo e Elsevier – ScienceDirect, que abordavam o tópico “ictiofauna da bacia do rio Iguaçu” e o período de tempo incluiu todos os trabalhos publicados até março de 2020. O levantamento compilou ao todo 133 espécies, distribuídas em nove ordens, 29 famílias e 72 gêneros. Foram registradas 79 espécies de peixes que ocorrem em toda a extensão da bacia, 119 espécies que ocorrem nas unidades hidrográficas do médio e baixo rio Iguaçu (40 exclusivas) e na unidade hidrográfica do alto rio Iguaçu foram registradas 93 espécies (14 exclusivas). A taxa de endemismo para a bacia do rio Iguaçu (aproximadamente 69%) contrasta com as 40 espécies de peixes não nativos registradas (aproximadamente 30% do total de espécies na bacia). Os sucessivos barramentos, a perda de qualidade de habitats e o aumento no número de espécies não nativas são ameaças às espécies autóctones, especialmente às endêmicas, as quais apresentam aproximadamente 20% listadas em alguma categoria de ameaça ao risco de extinção. Ressaltamos que o monitoramento constante da ictiofauna é necessário para a descoberta de espécies supostamente não descritas, bem como para a aplicação de estratégias de manejo para mitigar os efeitos negativos e promover o controle da disseminação de espécies não nativas.
- Published
- 2021
29. Invasão de ligustro no sub-bosque de um remanescente de floresta com araucária: uma abordagem demográfica
- Author
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Ana Carolina da Silva, Ricardo de Vargas Kilca, Angela Camila Lemos, Aline Pereira Cruz, Juliana Pizutti Dallabrida, Angélica Dalla Rosa, Mariele Alves Ferrer da Silva, Lilian Iara Bet Stedille, Pedro Higuchi, Vanessa Fátima Soboleski, Carla Luciane Lima, Karine Souza, and Amanda da Silva Nunes
- Subjects
Espécies exóticas invasoras ,biology ,Dinâmica florestal ,Biodiversity ,Forestry ,Introduced species ,Interspecific competition ,biology.organism_classification ,Invasive species ,Ligustro ,Ligustrum sinense ,Transect ,Ligustrum lucidum ,Araucaria - Abstract
Espécies invasoras têm ocasionado a perda de biodiversidade no mundo todo por ocuparem o lugar de nativas. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a regeneração natural ao longo do tempo em um fragmento florestal invadido por Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton e Ligustrum sinense Lour. no sul do Brasil, a fim de quantificar essa invasão. Para isso, foram alocadas cinco transecções em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista em Lages (SC), sendo cada transecção dividida em parcelas com diferentes setores de distâncias da borda e em subparcelas para avaliação do componente regenerativo. Em 2012, os regenerantes de espécies arbóreas que se encontravam nas subparcelas foram identificados, plaqueteados e divididos nas seguintes classes: classe 1 _ plantas com altura entre 10 cm e 1 m; classe 2 _ plantas com altura entre 1 e 3 m; classe 3 _ plantas com altura maior que 3 m e diâmetro medido à altura do peito (DAP) menor que 5 cm. Em 2014, esses indivíduos foram reavaliados, contabilizando os indivíduos mortos e recrutas e enquadrando os sobreviventes e recrutas nas atuais classes. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade, recrutamento, mudanças de classe e mudança líquida. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma análise de componentes principais (ACP) e tabela de contingência. Conclui-se que as espécies superaram a fase inicial do processo de invasão, demonstrando elevado incremento populacional na área estudada. Ainda, ficou evidenciado o particionamento espacial entre as espécies nativas e as exóticas, o que sugere a existência de competição interespecífica, cuja consequência pode ser a extinção local de representantes do grupo autóctone.
- Published
- 2020
30. Diet, bromatological and parasitological aspects in a non-native fish species in the Jupiá Reservoir, upper Paraná River
- Author
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Garves, José Daniel Soler [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Ramos, Igor Paiva [UNESP], and Ribeiro, Cristiéle da Silva [UNESP]
- Subjects
Introduced species ,Trophic plasticity ,Região Neotropical ,Plasticidade trófica ,Bacia do alto rio Paraná ,Neotropical region ,Qualidade do filé ,Fillet quality ,Espécie introduzida ,Upper Paraná River basin - Abstract
Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Empreendimentos hidroelétricos podem desencadear alterações no ciclo hidrológico, desequilíbrio dos ecossistemas aquáticos e facilitar a introdução de espécies de peixes não-nativas. Contudo, essas espécies também podem apresentar grande representatividade na pesca artesanal e esportiva, tornando-se uma importante fonte de renda local. Dessa forma, o estudo de espécies não-nativas, suas origens, hábitos e posições tróficas, além de suas habilidades que garantem a permanência e o sucesso no estabelecimento em novos ambientes, são relevantes. Dentre tais espécies não-nativas, Geophagus sveni destaca-se como uma das espécies mais importantes para pesca artesanal na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e correlacionar a composição alimentar, composição bromatológica do tecido muscular, perfil de ácidos graxos do tecido muscular e hepático, além de identificar possíveis parasitos musculares em G. sveni nos períodos chuvoso e seco, no reservatório de Jupiá, alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Foram realizadas duas coletas, uma ao final do período chuvoso (março/2018) e outra ao final do período seco (agosto/2018), no reservatório de Jupiá (20°30'33.4"S 51°27'19.7"W). Os espécimes coletados foram eutanasiados e, em seguida, tiveram mensuradas massa total, comprimento padrão e o sexo determinado visualmente. Geophagus sveni apresentou hábito alimentar detritívoro, além de plasticidade e oportunismo trófico. Sua composição alimentar foi significativamente diferente entre os períodos avaliados, adicionalmente, a composição bromatológica apresentou diferenças significativas entre os períodos e entre os sexos. De forma geral, o tecido muscular foi considerado magro, com menor percentual de lipídeos e maior de proteína bruta. Para o perfil de ácidos graxos avaliado, apenas o do tecido muscular apresentou diferenças significativas entre os períodos chuvoso e seco. Tais resultados sugerem que flutuações sazonais influenciam diretamente a disponibilidade de recursos e consumo de itens alimentares de diversas fontes por G. sveni, o que altera os padrões de incorporação nutricional no tecido muscular da espécie. Além disso, não foram encontrados parasitos intramusculares nos espécimes avaliados, o que confirma que G. sveni, por ser introduzido no reservatório de Jupiá, pode beneficiar-se da Teoria do Escape do Inimigo. Dessa maneira, por ser uma das espécies mais capturadas pela pesca artesanal na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo e apresentar equilibrado valor energético e nutricional, além de ausência de parasitos no tecido muscular, G. sveni pode ser considerada uma boa fonte de proteína animal baseado nas avaliações realizadas. Hydroelectric developments can trigger changes in the hydrological cycle, imbalance in aquatic ecosystems and facilitate the introduction of non-native fish species. However, these species can also be highly representative in artisanal and sport fishing, becoming an important source of local income. Thus, the study of non-native species, their origins, habits and trophic positions, in addition to their skills that guarantee permanence and success in the establishment of new environments, are relevant. Among these non-native species, Geophagus sveni is provided as one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo. This study aimed to characterize and correlate the food composition, the bromatological composition of muscle tissue, the fatty acid profile of the muscle and liver tissue, in addition to identifying possible muscle parasites of Geophagus sveni in the rainy and dry periods, in the Jupiá reservoir, on the Paraná River, Brazil. Two collections were made, one at the end of the rainy period (March/2018) and another at the end of the dry period (August/2018), at the Jupiá reservoir (20°30'33.4"S 51°27'19.7"W). The collected specimens were euthanized and, afterwards, total mass and standard length were measured, as well as sex determined visually. Geophagus sveni presented detritivorous eating habits, in addition to plasticity and trophic opportunism. Their food composition was significantly different only between the periods evaluated, while their bromatological composition showed significant differences between periods and between sexes. In general, muscle tissue was considered lean, with a lower percentage of lipids and higher of crude protein. For the fatty acid profile evaluated, only the muscle tissue showed significant differences between the rainy and dry periods. Such results suggest that seasonal fluctuations directly influence the availability of resources and consumption of food items from different sources by G. sveni, which alters the patterns of nutritional incorporation in the muscle tissue of the species. Furthermore, intramuscular parasites were not found in the evaluated specimens, which confirms that G. sveni, being introduced in the Jupiá reservoir, can benefit from the Enemy Escape Theory. Thus, as it is one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo and has a balanced energy and nutritional value, in addition to the absence of parasites in the muscle tissue, G. sveni can be considered a good source of protein, based on the evaluations performed. CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2018/00281-3
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- 2020
31. Cupins (Isoptera) Invasores da Rede Elétrica em Áreas Urbanas na Região do Alto Solimões, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil.
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Acioli, Agno Nonato Serrão and Oliveira, Paulo Vitor Cassiano
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TERMITES ,INTRODUCED species ,ELECTRICITY ,CITIES & towns ,RHINOTERMITIDAE ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
Copyright of EntomoBrasilis is the property of EntomoBrasilis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2013
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32. Efeito da Presença de Vizinhos sobre o Comportamento Territorial de Perithemis mooma (Kirby) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae).
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Pinto, Nelson Silva, Neto, José Hidasi, Ribeiro, Vivian, Rodrigues, Amanda Rafaela, Brandão, Bárbara Regina, and Rocha, Camila Oliveira
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NEIGHBORS ,DRAGONFLIES ,AGGRESSION (Psychology) ,INTRODUCED species ,TERRITORIALITY (Zoology) ,AGONISTIC behavior in animals ,INSECT behavior - Abstract
Copyright of EntomoBrasilis is the property of EntomoBrasilis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Estabilidade e persistência de uma comunidade de peixes em lagoa costeira neotropical.
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Amador Rocha, Elise and Hartz, Sandra Maria
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FISH communities ,T-test (Statistics) ,ECOSYSTEMS ,CLASSIFICATION of fish - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias is the property of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
34. MINHOCAS EXÓTICAS COMO INDICADORAS DE PERTURBAÇ ÃO ANTRÓPICA EM ÁREAS DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA.
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FERNANDES, Juliana O., UEHARA-PRADO, Marcio, and BROWN, George G.
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- *
INTRODUCED species , *EARTHWORMS , *BIOINDICATORS , *OLIGOCHAETA , *INVERTEBRATES ,ENVIRONMENTAL aspects - Abstract
En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la perturbación antrópica en la incidencia de lombrices exóticas y nativas activas en la superficie del suelo en un área de bosque atlántico del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Los oligoquetos fueron muestreados usando trampas (pitfall) en dos áreas, una en donde hubo corte raso y quema y otra en donde solamente hubo corte selectivo. La mayor parte de los individuos (91.4%) fue colectada en el área en donde hubo corte raso y quema y todos eran especies exóticas (Amynthas sp., A. gracilis, A. corticis) o peregrinas (Pontoscolex corethrurus). El contraste del número de individuos entre las dos áreas sugiere que la perturbación antrópica influye en la actividad superficial y la abundancia de especies exóticas de lombrices y que éstas presentan un uso potencial como indicadores biológicos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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35. TRATAMENTOS PRÉ-GERMINATIVOS EM SEMENTES DE Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. - LEGUMINOSAE.
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Oliveira, Lucicléia Mendes De, Bruno, Riselane De Lucena Alcântara, Gonçalves, Edilma Pereira, and De Lima, Adeildo Rosa
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PRIDE-of-Barbados (Plant) ,SEED dormancy ,SULFURIC acid ,SEED viability ,GERMINATION ,ORNAMENTAL plants ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,WATER immersion ,INTRODUCED species - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
36. Aspectos ecológicos das espécies regenerantes de uma floresta urbana com 150 anos de sucessão florestal: o risco das espécies exóticas
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Lucas Deziderio Santana, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, and Cassiano Ribeiro da Fonseca
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Phytosociology ,Coffea arabica ,Alien species ,Species diversity ,Forestry ,Introduced species ,Ecological succession ,Biology ,Invasive species ,Diversity index ,Espécies exóticas ,Regeneration ,Species richness ,Fitossociologia ,Regeneração - Abstract
Resumo A presença de florestas dentro de centros urbanos tem grande importância, principalmente devido aos serviços ecossistêmicos proporcionados por elas. Fragmentos urbanos são pouco estudados e trabalhos quantitativos focados na flora arbórea na área do presente estudo nunca foram realizados. O objetivo foi avaliar a composição, estrutura e diversidade de espécies regenerantes de uma floresta urbana, oriunda de um projeto paisagístico. Buscou-se responder a seguinte questão: a floresta está conseguindo avançar no processo sucessional após 150 anos de regeneração natural? O estudo foi realizado em uma área com tamanho total de aproximadamente 7,8 ha e de predomínio da Floresta Atlântica. A amostragem foi realizada em 25 parcelas de 5 x 5 m, nas quais todos os indivíduos com diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) < 5 cm e altura > 1 m foram amostrados. Encontram-se 1297 indivíduos, distribuídos em 84 espécies. Três espécies exóticas com conhecido potencial invasor foram encontradas: Coffea arabica, Artocarpus heterophyllus e Persea americana. A espécie Coffea arabica apresentou o maior Valor de Importância na comunidade. O índice de diversidade de Shannon foi de H’ = 3,10 nats.ind-1, e equabilidade de Pielou de J’ = 0,70. A análise de Cluster (coeficiente de Morisita-Horn) evidenciou uma comunidade com baixa heterogeneidade interna. A análise dos grupos ecológicos revelou uma comunidade com dificuldades em avançar para estágios sucessionais superiores. Este estudo é importante para reforçar o risco das espécies exóticas invasoras em projetos paisagísticos. Abstract The presence of forest within urban centers has great importance, especially in relation to ecosystem services provided by them. Urban forests are poorly studied. Moreover, quantitative studies focused on tree flora of the present study area remain to be established. Here, we evaluated the composition, structure and diversity of species in regeneration from an urban forest, originating from a landscaping design. We sought to answer the following question: Did the forest advance in the succession process after 150 years of regeneration? The survey was done on 25 plots of 5 x 5 m, where all the individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) < 5 cm and height > 1 m were sampled. We found 1297 individuals, distributed in 84 species. Three alien species with potential invasive acquaintance were found: Coffea arabica, Artocarpus heterophyllus and Persea americana. Coffea arabica showed the highest importance value in the community. Shannon diversity index was H’= 3,10 nats.ind-1, and Pielou equability J’ = 0.70. The cluster analysis (Morisita-Horn coefficient) showed a community with low internal heterogeneity. The analysis of ecological groups revealed a community with predominantly early successional groups. Despite of 150 years of natural regeneration, our findings indicated a community with difficulties in advancing to higher successional stages. This study is important to highlight the risk of invasive alien species in landscaping designs.
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- 2019
37. Tratamento térmico úmido em sementes de Acacia mangium
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Araújo, Fernando dos S., Sousa, Nelto A. de, Alves, Emanoel da C., Farias, Otilia R. de, Nascimento, Luciana C. do, Bruno, Riselane de L. A., and Pacheco, Mauro V.
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biology ,florestal ,termoterapia ,Acacia ,Australian acacia ,Introduced species ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Sexual reproduction ,thermotherapy ,Horticulture ,Germination ,Dormancy ,forest seeds ,fungi ,Acácia australiana ,fungos ,Phytosanitary certification - Abstract
Acacia mangium Willd. é uma espécie arbórea, exótica, que possui potencial para exploração de produtos florestais madeireiros no Brasil. Como esta se propaga, principalmente, via sexuada torna-se relevante o tratamento fitossanitário das sementes destinadas à produção de mudas. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos do tratamento térmico via calor úmido na qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de A. mangium. Para tanto, as sementes foram tratadas em água aquecida à temperatura de 70ºC durante os períodos de exposição de 0, 10, 15 e 20 minutos. Em seguida, as mesmas foram submetidas à análise sanitária e ao teste de germinação. Com base na análise sanitária os fungos dos gêneros Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp. e Botrytis sp.estavam associados às sementes. O tratamento térmico com calor úmido à temperatura de 70°C durante 10 a 15 minutos de exposição superou a dormência e reduziu a ocorrência de fungos associados às sementes de A. mangium., Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 41 n.º 3 (2018)
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- 2019
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38. Non-native freshwater fauna in Portugal: A review
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Mafalda Gama, Filipe Ribeiro, Ana Filipa Filipe, Pedro M. Anastácio, Ronaldo Sousa, Rui Rebelo, Filipe Banha, César Capinha, and Universidade do Minho
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Aquatic Organisms ,Inland waters ,Aquatic systems ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Fauna ,Exotic species ,Ciências Biológicas [Ciências Naturais] ,Distribution (economics) ,Fresh Water ,Context (language use) ,Introduced species ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Invasive species ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,14. Life underwater ,Taxonomic rank ,Economic impact analysis ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Risk assessment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Ciências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas ,Science & Technology ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Portugal ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Invasions ,15. Life on land ,Invertebrates ,Pollution ,Geography ,13. Climate action ,Vertebrates ,Archipelago ,Introduced Species ,business ,Animal Distribution ,Iberian Peninsula - Abstract
We present the most updated list of non-native freshwater fauna established in Portugal, including the Azores and Madeira archipelagos. This list includes 67 species at national level but corresponds to 84 species records, of which 53 are in the mainland, 23 in the Azores and 8 in Madeira archipelagos. We also discuss the progression of the cumulative number of introductions since 1800 and identify the most probable vectors of introduction, main taxonomic groups and their regions of origin. Furthermore, we review the existing knowledge about ecological and economic impacts, invasion risk and potential distribution of invaders, under present and future climatic conditions, and the applied management actions, including the production of legislation. Along the 20th century the number of successful introductions increased at an approximate rate of two new species per decade until the beginning of 1970s. Since then, this rate increased to about 14 new species per decade. These introductions were mainly a result of fisheries, as contaminants or for ornamental purposes. Fish and mollusks are the taxonomic groups with more established species, representing more than half of the total. Most species (>70%) are native from other regions of Europe and North America. Studies about ecological or socioeconomic impacts are more common for fish, crustaceans and mollusks. Impacts for most amphibians, reptiles and mammals are not thoroughly studied. A few studies on the impacts and management actions of health-threatening mosquitoes are also available. The potential distribution in the Portuguese territory was modelled for 26 species. Only a minority of these models provides projections of distributions under scenarios of future climate change. A comparison of the Portuguese and EU legislation shows large discrepancies in the invasive species lists. Using the EU list and a ranking procedure for the national context, we identify freshwater species of high national concern for which actions are urgently needed., This work was supported by the FRISK Project (Ref. PTDC/AAG-MAA/0350/2014) to F. Ribeiro and by the strategic plan of MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (UID/MAR/04292/2013) to F. Banha with a short term post-doc grant on the University of Evora and a small project. A. F. Filipe was supported by the FRESHING project funded by FCT and COMPETE (PTDC/AAG-MAA/2261/2014 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-356 016824). R. Sousa was supported by FRESHCO project (contract: PTDC/AGRFOR/1627/2014) funded by FCT.
- Published
- 2019
39. Natividade da flora usada na arborização de cidades brasileiras
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Rodrigo S. Corrêa and Mariana Campos Esteves
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Árvores urbanas ,Amazon rainforest ,Agroforestry ,Biome ,Introduced species ,Floristics ,lcsh:Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,Ecosystem services ,Geography ,Afforestation ,lcsh:HT101-395 ,lcsh:Architecture ,flora brasileira ,biodiversidade ,Tree species ,paisagismo urbano ,lcsh:NA1-9428 - Abstract
Urban problems may be solved or mitigated by afforestation because trees provide environmental services and create situations of social interaction. When native species are used in urban environments, afforestation can also contribute to biological conservation and generate ecological functions. However, Brazilian cities have traditionally been afforested with exotic species. In order to evaluate the origin of floristic compositions used in Brazilian urban areas, tree species from 55 cities located in 26 states and in Brazil Federal District were surveyed. Results showed that the number of exotic species outnumbered native species in 43 out the 55 surveyed cities. Cities located in Caatinga biome presented more exotic than native species in their urban areas, and cities located in the Amazon and Cerrado regions presented the opposite scenario, where native tree species prevailed over exotic species., Problemas urbanos podem ser resolvidos ou atenuados por meio da arborização das cidades, porque árvores fornecem serviços ambientais e geram situações de interação social. Quando espécies nativas são utilizadas no meio urbano, a arborização pode ainda contribuir para a conservação do patrimônio biológico e para gerar funções ecológicas. Todavia, cidades brasileiras têm sido tradicionalmente arborizadas com espécies exóticas à flora local. Com objetivo de avaliar a natividade da composição florística utilizada em áreas urbanas brasileiras, as espécies de árvores de 55 cidades localizadas em 26 estados e no Distrito Federal foram levantadas. Os resultados mostraram que em 43 cidades o número de espécies exóticas foi superior ao número de espécies nativas. Cidades situadas na Caatinga foram as que percentualmente mais apresentaram espécies exóticas em seus espaços urbanos, e cidades Amazônicas e na região dos Cerrados as que percentualmente mais apresentaram espécies nativas em seus espaços urbanos
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- 2018
40. ATRIBUTOS MICROBIOLÓGICOS E ESTRUTURA DE COMUNIDADES BACTERIANAS COMO INDICADORES DA QUALIDADE DO SOLO EM PLANTIOS FLORESTAIS NA MATA ATLÂNTICA
- Author
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Arcangelo Loss, Emanuela Pille da Silva, Luiz Felipe de Souza, Anabel González Hernández, Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi, Maurício Sedrez dos Reis, Andressa Danielli Canei, Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares, and Diana Morales
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0106 biological sciences ,Soil test ,enzymatic activity ,reflorestamento ,Context (language use) ,Introduced species ,micro-organismos ,01 natural sciences ,Araucaria angustifolia ,lcsh:Agriculture ,lcsh:Forestry ,microorganisms ,reforestation ,biology ,fungi ,Community structure ,lcsh:S ,Reforestation ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,atividade enzimática ,biology.organism_classification ,Soil quality ,Geography ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,Araucaria ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
RESUMO No Brasil, a fim de minimizar o impacto da exploração de espécies arbóreas para fins comerciais em florestas nativas, plantios florestais têm sido implantados, majoritariamente, com espécies exóticas. A avaliação de tais cultivos quanto ao impacto proporcionado ao ambiente em atributos que podem garantir sua produtividade tem recebido maior atenção nos últimos anos, enquadrando-se neste contexto, o estudo de atributos microbiológicos. Deste modo, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos de plantios florestais de Pinus sp. (pinus) e Araucaria angustifolia (araucária) sobre os atributos microbiológicos do solo e a estrutura da comunidade bacteriana, que podem funcionar como indicadores da qualidade do solo. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de solo em três áreas na Floresta Nacional de Três Barras (FLONA), Santa Catarina (SC): uma área de floresta nativa (F), uma área de reflorestamento com araucária (A) e outra com pinus (P). Posteriormente, foi realizada a caracterização química e física do solo, além das análises microbiológicas: respiração basal, atividade da enzima β-glucosidase e fosfatase ácida, , e análise da estrutura de comunidades bacterianas PCR-DGGE. Os solos das três áreas de estudo apresentaram baixa fertilidade, destacando a importância dos micro-organismos para a manutenção desses ambientes. A atividade da enzima β-glucosidase e da fosfatase ácida foi maior nas áreas F e A, sugerindo maior presença de micro-organismos importantes para a ciclagem de nutrientes. A análise da estrutura da comunidade bacteriana demonstrou que há uma baixa divergência entre as áreas de pinus e araucária. Pode-se concluir que, com base nos atributos microbiológicos e na estrutura de comunidades bacterianas do solo, em plantios florestais da Mata Atlântica, a araucária destaca-se como melhor alternativa para reflorestamento, visando a manutenção da qualidade do solo. ABSTRACT In Brazil, in order to minimize the impact of native forest exploitation for commercial purposes, forest plantations have been implemented mainly with exotic species. The evaluation of these crops as to the environmental impact on attributes that can guarantee their productivity has received more attention in the last years, and in this context, the study of microbiological attributes. This paper assesses the impact of Pinus sp. (pinus) and Araucaria angustifolia (araucária) forest plantations on the microbiological soil attributes and the structure of bacterial communities, which can act as indicators of soil quality. Soil samples have been collected on three areas of the National Forest of Três Barras, in Santa Catarina (SC) state: one area of native forest (F), one area of reforestation with araucária (A) and one area of reforestation with pinus (P). Later on, the soil was chemically and physically characterized and the microbiological analyses were performed, as basal respiration, β-glucosidase and fosfatase enzymatic activity and analysis of bacterial community structure by PCR-DGGE. Low fertility was presented on all three soils collected, highlighting the importance of microorganisms in order to maintain this environment. The β-glucosidase and fosfatase enzymatic activity were higher on the areas F and A, suggesting a higher presence of important microorganisms for nutrients cycling. The analysis of the bacteria community structure resulted in low distinction between the pinus and the araucária areas. This paper presents that based on the microbiological attributes and structure of bacterial communities of soil, in forest plantations of the Atlantic Forest, it is possible to conclude that araucária is the best alternative for reforestation, aiming the maintenance of soil quality.
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- 2018
41. Pollination networks from natural and anthropogenic-novel communities show high structural similarity
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Rubén H. Heleno, António Carmo Gouveia, Catherine J. O’Connor, José M. Costa, Francisco A. López-Núñez, and Sérgio Timóteo
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Insecta ,Pollination ,Alien plants ,Biological homogenisation ,Biological invasions ,Botanic garden ,Novel communities ,Introduced species ,Alien ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Invasive species ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecology ,Community structure ,food and beverages ,Plant community ,Plants ,Biota ,030104 developmental biology ,Bioregion ,Introduced Species - Abstract
The Anthropocene is marked by an unprecedented homogenisation of the world’s biota, confronting species that never co-occurred during their evolutionary histories. Interactions established in these novel communities may affect ecosystem functioning; however, most research has focused on the impacts of a minority of aggressive invasive species, while changes inflicted by a less conspicuous majority of non-invasive alien species on community structure are still poorly understood. This information is critical to guide conservation strategies, and instrumental to advance ecological theory, particularly to understand how non-native species integrate in recipient communities and affect the interactions of native species. We evaluated how the structure of 50 published pollination networks changes with the proportion of alien plant species and found that network structure is largely unaffected. Although some communities were heavily invaded, the proportion of alien plant species was relatively low (mean = 10%; max. = 38%). We further characterized the pollination network in a botanic garden with a plant community dominated by non-invasive alien species (85%). We show that the structure of this novel community is also not markedly different from native-dominated communities. Plant–pollinator interactions revealed no obvious differences regarding plant origin (native vs. alien) or the native bioregion of the introduced plants. This overall similarity between native and alien plants is likely driven by the contrasting patterns of invasive plants (promoting generalism), and non-invasive aliens, suggested here to promote specialization.
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- 2018
42. Nos caminhos da história urbana, a presença das figueiras-bravas
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Roseli Maria Martins D'Elboux
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0106 biological sciences ,lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,Ipiranga ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,Urbanization ,Figueiras ,Introduced species ,Patrimônio arbóreo ,Subtropics ,Fig trees ,010501 environmental sciences ,Colonialism ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,São Paulo ,Geography ,Urbanização ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Tree (set theory) ,Várzea do Carmo ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Landscape heritage - Abstract
RESUMO Este texto trata das chamadas figueiras-bravas, espécies nativas em florestas tropicais e subtropicais que, plantadas ou nascendo espontaneamente em certos locais, propiciaram, sob suas imensas copas, espaços de sociabilidade em muitos núcleos urbanos oitocentistas. As figueiras-bravas foram também importantes marcos paisagísticos, influindo muitas vezes na configuração de espaços urbanos de várias cidades brasileiras. Neste artigo, três casos relativos ao estado de São Paulo são apresentados: o caso de Lorena, no Vale do Paraíba, onde ao menos quatro logradouros importantes foram formados a partir da existência de figueiras-bravas e outros dois casos relativos à capital paulista, a saber, a figueira-brava da chácara da Marquesa de Santos, na várzea do Carmo, atual Parque D. Pedro II, e a figueira conhecida como Árvore das Lágrimas, ainda existente no Ipiranga. ABSTRACT This article discusses the role of the so-called “figueiras-bravas” [wild fig trees], which are native species in tropical and subtropical forests, that were usually seeded or spontaneously grew all over the territory. Under their huge canopies, these trees provided spaces of sociability for many urban sites in the 19th Century in Brazil, a phenomenon that dates back to the Colonial era. They were also remarkable landmarks, which often influenced the shape of many Brazilian urban spaces. This article focuses on three cases from the state of São Paulo: first, the case of the city of Lorena, located in the region known as Vale do Paraíba, is presented to understand the contribution of these trees in the construction of its urban memory. In that city, at least four relevant public areas formed from sites were a fig tree existed were identified. Then, two cases of the city of São Paulo will be discussed: the wild fig tree that once existed in Marquesa de Santos’ estate farm, located in the D. Pedro II park, formerly known as Várzea do Carmo, and the wild fig tree known as “Árvore das Lágrimas” [tear tree], which still exists at the Ipiranga neighborhood.
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- 2018
43. Regeneração natural em área de reflorestamento misto com espécies nativas no município de Laranjeiras, SE
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Greice Kelly Oliveira Andrade, Thalita Rocha da Silva, Milton Marques Fernandes, Icaro Bruno Andrade Souza, Juliana Silva Magalhães, and Robério Anastácio Ferreira
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lcsh:GE1-350 ,Pioneer species ,Recuperation of degraded areas ,Phytosociology ,General Chemical Engineering ,lcsh:S ,Reforestation ,Forestry ,Introduced species ,Ecological succession ,Biology ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Floristics ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Recuperação de áreas degradadas ,Sucessão ecológica ,Grazing ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Tree species ,Fitossociologia ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
Mixed reforestation with native species can establish a process of ecological succession in disturbed or degraded areas, with natural regeneration as one of the most important indicators of progression of ecological succession. In this sense, this work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the composition and phytosociological structure of the natural regeneration in a mixed reforestation area with native species in the municipality of Laranjeiras, SE. In a reforested area of 46 ha, 30 plots of 1 x 1 m were sampled, all individuals with a base height circumference < 15 cm and in the following height classes were sampled: 0,30 m ≤ H ≤ 1,0 m; 1,1 m ≤ H ≤ 2; 2,1 m ≤ H ≤ 3 m. The species were classified according to the ecological group to which they belong and their dispersion syndromes. The parameters of the vertical and horizontal structure, the indexes of diversity and equability and the floristic similarity between the planted species and the natural regeneration were analyzed. The species G. americana and S. terebinthifolia are indicated as facilitating species for the restoration of degraded areas in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Sergipe, as they occurred in the three height classes. A predominance of pioneer species, low diversity in natural regeneration was verified, caused by grazing of horses in the area. There was little floristic similarity between the regenerants and the planted tree species, since the planted adult individuals did not reach reproductive age yet. O reflorestamento misto com espécies nativas pode estabelecer um processo de sucessão ecológica em áreas perturbadas ou degradadas, sendo a regeneração natural um dos mais importantes indicadores do avanço desse processo. Neste sentido, este trabalho buscou avaliar a composição e estrutura fitossociológica da regeneração natural em uma área de reflorestamento misto com espécies nativas no município de Laranjeiras, SE. Numa área reflorestada de 46 ha foram alocadas 30 parcelas de 1 x 1 m, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com circunferência na altura da base < 15 cm e nas seguintes classes de altura: 0,30 m ≤ H ≤ 1,0 m; 1,1 m ≤ H ≤ 2; 2,1 m ≤ H ≤ 3 m. As espécies foram classificadas quanto ao grupo ecológico a que pertencem e a suas síndromes de dispersão. Foram analisados os parâmetros da estrutura vertical e horizontal, os índices de diversidade e equabilidade e a similaridade florística entre as espécies plantadas e a regeneração natural. As espécies G. americana e S. terebinthifolia são indicadas como facilitadoras para a restauração de áreas degradadas na Mata Atlântica no estado de Sergipe, pois ocorreram nas três classes de altura. Verificou-se um predomínio de espécies pioneiras, baixa diversidade na regeneração natural, ocasionadas pelo pastejo de equinos na área. Houve pouca similaridade florística entre os regenerantes e as espécies arbóreas plantadas, pois os indivíduos adultos plantados ainda não atingiram idade reprodutiva. Belém, PA
- Published
- 2018
44. Bioinvasion: potencial impact of invasive species on the marine coastal zone
- Author
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Souza, Avila Pricila Silva Lins, Sovierzoski, Hilda Helena, Pinto, Taciana Kramer de Oliveira, Coutinho, Ricardo, and Zalmon, Ilana
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Espécies introduzidas ,Intertidal zone ,zona entremarés ,Invasões biológicas ,Experiment ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS [CNPQ] ,Benthic community ,Introduced species ,Experimento ,Invading bivalves ,Comunidade bentônica ,Interação de espécies ,Biological invasions ,Bivalves invasores ,Species interaction - Abstract
Invasive alien species are those that are outside their natural range and that thrive in their new environment, causing ecological and economic impacts. Invasive species can impact on the abundance, richness, and composition of native community species, as well as altering ecosystem properties or processes. These species can also cause major economic losses, such as cultivation losses, fishing, silviculture and grazing capacity. In Brazil, some surveys have been carried out for the registration of exotic marine species, but the Brazilian legislation related to the prevention and control of these species still has difficulties for its implementation. One of the introductions with great expansion and abundance along the Brazilian coast is the bivalve Isognomon bicolor. In addition to the ecological damage that I. bicolor may be causing to native species, the invasive bivalve has caused economic damages to the marine activities due to biofouling in ships and port constructions. This work evaluated the impact of the invasive bivalve I. bicolor in the native benthic community, through an in situ experiment, where the invasive species was removed and the monthly monitoring of the native community was carried out in the course of one year. The analyzes revealed significant changes in the structure of the native benthic community, in terms of composition, abundance, richness and diversity of species, as a consequence of the introduction of the bioinvasor I.bicolor. Knowledge about all interactions between biotic invaders and native species is of extreme importance in assessing the impacts these species may have on ecosystems and can provide subsidies to improve environmental degradation and prevent future invasions CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Espécies exóticas invasoras são aquelas que estão fora da sua área de distribuição natural e que prosperam em seu novo ambiente, provocando impactos ecológicos e econômicos. As espécies invasoras podem causar impactos na abundância, riqueza e composição das espécies da comunidade nativa, assim como alterar as propriedades ou processos a nível de ecossistema. Estas espécies também podem provocar grandes prejuízos econômicos, como perdas de cultivos, pesca, silvicultura e capacidade de pastoreio. No Brasil, alguns levantamentos foram realizados para o registro das espécies exóticas marinhas, porém a legislação brasileira relacionada à prevenção e controle destas espécies, ainda possui dificuldades para a sua implementação. Uma das introduções com grande expansão e abundância ao longo da costa brasileira é o bivalve Isognomon bicolor. Além dos prejuízos ecológicos que I. bicolor pode estar provocando às espécies nativas, o bivalve invasor tem causado prejuízos econômicos às atividades marítimas devido à bioincrustação em embarcações e construções portuárias. Nesse trabalho avaliou-se o impacto do bivalve invasor I. bicolor na comunidade bentônica nativa, através de um experimento in situ, onde foi realizada a remoção desta espécie invasora e o posterior monitoramento mensal da comunidade nativa no decorrer de um ano. As análises realizadas detectaram mudanças significativas na estrutura da comunidade bentônica nativa, em termos de composição, abundância, riqueza e diversidade de espécies, como consequência da introdução do bioinvasor I.bicolor. O conhecimento sobre todas as interações entre os invasores bióticos e as espécies nativas é de extrema importância para a avaliar os impactos que estas espécies podem causar aos ecossistemas e pode fornecer subsídios para amenizar a degradação ambiental e prevenir futuras invasões
- Published
- 2018
45. RESTAURAÇÃO FLORESTAL NA MATA ATLÂNTICA: PASSIVA, NUCLEAÇÃO E PLANTIO DE ALTA DIVERSIDADE
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Mauricio Romero Gorenstein, Daniela Aparecida Estevan, Gilmar Poser Brizola, Fernando Campanhã Bechara, Elson Felipe Sandoli Rossetto, and Bruna Elisa Trentin
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0106 biological sciences ,ecological restoration ,Introduced species ,Biology ,filling and diversity lines ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Diversity index ,técnicas nucleadoras ,010608 biotechnology ,lcsh:Forestry ,Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ,Restoration ecology ,lcsh:S ,restauração ecológica ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Understory ,Vegetation ,Agronomy ,linhas de recobrimento e diversidade ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Secondary forest ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,nucleation techniques ,Species richness - Abstract
RESUMO Devido à crescente degradação ambiental, entender o funcionamento das técnicas de reflorestamento e outras técnicas de restauração tornou-se substancial para embasar a recomposição destes ecossistemas degradados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar a vegetação de uma área em restauração através de três diferentes técnicas. A área possui 7,2 ha em floresta subtropical em Dois Vizinhos, estado do Paraná, Brasil e encontra-se a aproximadamente 20 metros de um fragmento de floresta secundária. O experimento foi delineado através de 12 parcelas com três tratamentos (T1-3), distribuídas em quatro blocos casualizados. T1: regeneração natural através da restauração passiva. T2: conjunto de técnicas de nucleação. T3: plantio de mudas através de linhas de recobrimento e diversidade (3 x 2 m). Para fins de amostragem, cada parcela foi dividida em 24 subparcelas. Com a finalidade de avaliar a presença de plantas, após dois anos e oito meses da implantação dos tratamentos foi realizado um levantamento em três subparcelas aleatórias para cada parcela, em que foram identificados e quantificados todos os indivíduos maiores que 50 cm de altura. A riqueza de espécies nativas foi acima de 87% em todos os tratamentos, enquanto a presença de espécies herbáceas foi maior na restauração passiva e a de lenhosas no plantio. As síndromes de dispersão mais comuns foram anemocoria e zoocoria. Através da comparação entre os indivíduos plantados e regenerantes dos três tratamentos, a técnica de plantio apresentou a maior diversidade de Shannon (3,017) com 148 indivíduos e 53 espécies, entretanto, não houve diferença significativa. Essa maior diversidade está associada ao grande número de espécies plantadas, mas ainda não há a facilitação da regeneração de espécies em seu sub-bosque, nesta idade. Analisando-se apenas os indivíduos regenerantes, o tratamento que obteve maior diversidade de Shannon foi a nucleação (2,078) com um total de 908 indivíduos pertencentes a 40 espécies, contudo, esta não foi estatisticamente diferente da restauração passiva (Shannon = 1,965) que apresentou 2.018 indivíduos pertencentes a 40 espécies. Os tratamentos mais similares floristicamente, foram a restauração passiva e a nucleação. A nucleação facilitou a regeneração natural de espécies (17 espécies plantadas e 40 regenerantes) enquanto a restauração passiva evidenciou alta resiliência, desta forma, a utilização da restauração passiva pode ser considerada uma eficiente alternativa, uma vez que seus resultados não se diferiram estatisticamente da nucleação, e a principal vantagem desta técnica é o custo reduzido. ABSTRACT Due to the increasing environmental degradation, the understanding of how reforestation and other restoration techniques function became fundamental to base the reestablishment of degraded ecosystems. The aim of this study was to perform a vegetation survey in a restoration site through three different techniques. The study site has 7.2 ha in a subtropical forest in Dois Vizinhos, Paraná state, Brazil and it is approximately 20 m from a secondary forest fragment. The experiment consisted of 12 plots with three treatments (T1-3) randomly distributed in four blocks. T1: natural regeneration through passive restoration. T2: set of nucleation techniques. T3: seedlings planted through filling and diversity lines (3x2 m). For sampling purposes, each plot was divided into 24 subplots. In order to evaluate plant presence, two years and eight months after the treatments implementation, a survey was conducted in three random subplots for each plot, where all plants taller than 50cm were identified and quantified. Native species richness was higher than 87% in all treatments, whereas the presence of herbaceous species was higher at passive restoration and woody species at plantation. The most common dispersal syndromes were anemochory and zoochory. By comparing planted and regenerated individuals for the three treatments, the plantation technique had the highest Shannon diversity index (3.017), with 148 individuals and 53 species sampled. However, there was no statistically significant difference. This higher diversity is related to the larger number of species planted, but it is still not facilitating regeneration species in its understory at this age. Considering only regenerated individuals, nucleation showed the highest Shannon diversity index (2.078) with a total of 908 individuals of 40 species, however, it wasn’t statistically significant different of passive restoration (Shannon = 1.965) which had 2,018 individuals of 40 species. The most floristic similar treatments were passive restoration and nucleation. Nucleation facilitated species natural regeneration (17 planted and 40 regenerated species) while passive restoration showed high resilience, therefore the use of passive restoration can be considered an effective alternative since its results did not differ statistically from nucleation, and the main advantage of this technique is the reduced cost.
- Published
- 2018
46. Flora do Espírito Santo: Micropholis (Sapotaceae-Chrysophylloideae)
- Author
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Anderson Alves-Araújo and Wenia de Oliveira Souza
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0106 biological sciences ,Espirito santo ,Atlantic rainforest ,taxonomia ,Introduced species ,Plant Science ,Rainforest ,Horticulture ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,taxonomy ,neotropics ,lcsh:Botany ,Mata Atlântica ,Botany ,Ericales ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Micropholis compta ,Near-threatened species ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Conservation status ,Taxonomy (biology) ,neotrópicos ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Resumo Neste trabalho são apresentados dados morfológicos, informações sobre distribuição geográfica e estado de conservação para as espécies do gênero Micropholis (Sapotaceae) nativas do Espírito Santo. Um total de cinco espécies de Micropholis foi encontrado: M. compta, M. crassipedicellata, M. gardneriana, M. guyanensis subsp. guyanensis e M. venulosa. Este número representa 100% das espécies ocorrentes na Mata Atlântica. Os caracteres mais importantes para a distinção das espécies são: nervura central sulcada ou não na face adaxial, nervuras secundárias espaçadas ou congestas entre si distinguíveis ou indistinguíveis das terciárias, indumento dos ramos jovens e forma da folha. Micropholis gardneriana constitui um novo registro para o Espírito Santo e Micropholis compta foi categorizada como Quase Ameaçada (NT). Abstract Herein, we provide information about morphological data, geographic distribution and conservation status for native species of Micropholis from Espírito Santo state (ES), Brazil. A total of five species were found: M. compta, M. crassipedicellata, M. gardneriana, M. guyanensis subsp. guyanensis, and M. venulosa. They represent 100% of the known species of Micropholis from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. The most important characters for distinguishing the species are: type and color of indument on the young branches, leaf shape, midrib sunken or not on the upper leaf surface, distinguishable secondary veins from the tertiary ones. Micropholis gardneriana constitutes a new record for the Espírito Santo state. Amongst Micropholis species from ES, only Micropholis compta is considered as Near Threatened (NT).
- Published
- 2017
47. ESPÉCIES EXÓTICAS INVASORAS ARBÓREAS NO PARQUE DA BARREIRINHA EM CURITIBA: REGISTRO E IMPLICAÇÕES
- Author
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Francine Lorena Cuquel, Walquiria Pizatto Lima, Erica Costa Mielke, and Raquel Rejane Bonato Negrelle
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biology ,Ecology ,lcsh:S ,Curitiba ,Forestry ,Introduced species ,Pittosporum ,biology.organism_classification ,Invasive species ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Threatened species ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,lcsh:Forestry ,Tree species ,Araucaria ,Woody plant - Abstract
http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509818451A maioria das Unidades de Conservação (UCs) de Curitiba (PR, Brasil) está contaminada por espécies arbóreas exóticas invasoras (AEIs). Mas não existem estudos que evidenciem seu impacto e manejo apropriado. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram avaliar a participação das AEIs e as implicações e manejo da AEI de maior importância estrutural na composição florística-estrutural do Parque da Barreirinha, um remanescente de Floresta com Araucária. Foram avaliadas quatro unidades amostrais, com área total de 1600 m² representando aproximadamente 4% da área total do maciço vegetal. Foram amostrados 354 indivíduos arbóreos, com DAP ≥ 15 cm, e calculados, para cada espécie amostrada, os parâmetros de frequência relativa, densidade relativa, dominância relativa e valor de importância. Foram identificadas 29 famílias, 43 gêneros e 57 espécies, sendo três AEIs. A sustentabilidade e a integridade desta UC podem estar comprometidas devido à presença de Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (pau-incenso), espécie de maior valor de importância estrutural, alta densidade e frequência. Pelas características botânico-ecológicas do Pittosporum undulatum, a opção de remoção de indivíduos adultos deve ser considerada com muita cautela.
- Published
- 2015
48. QUANTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION BY EXOTIC TREE SPECIES IN AN ARAUCARIA FOREST FRAGMENT IN LAGES, SANTA CATARINA STATE
- Author
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Marcelo Negrini, Tiago de Souza Ferreira, Aline Pereira Cruz, Ana Carolina da Silva, André Luiz Guidini, Amanda da Silva Nunes, Pedro Higuchi, Vanessa Fátima Soboleski, Fábio Rodrigues Spiazzi, and Manoela Drews de Aguiar
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,forest dynamics ,fragmentos florestais ,Introduced species ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,temporal study ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Invasive species ,lcsh:Agriculture ,dinâmica florestal ,lcsh:Forestry ,Transect ,Ligustrum lucidum ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,forest fragment ,Pioneer species ,Forest dynamics ,Ecology ,lcsh:S ,Forestry ,Plant community ,biology.organism_classification ,estudo temporal ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,Araucaria - Abstract
RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a contaminação biológica ao longo do tempo em uma comunidade arbórea em estágio sucessional avançado/tardio da Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana, adjacente a um plantio de Pinus taeda L. em Lages - SC. Para isso, foram alocadas 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, distribuídas em cinco transeções de cinco parcelas cada, alocadas perpendiculares à borda de contato com o plantio de pinus. Em cada parcela foram mensurados (DAP ≥ 5 cm, medido a 1,30 m do solo), coletados e identificados todos os indivíduos arbóreos vivos. Quatro anos após o primeiro inventário, os mesmos indivíduos foram novamente inventariados, quantificando-se os indivíduos mortos, sobreviventes e adicionando os recrutas. Para os dois períodos foram calculados os descritores fitossociológicos, quantificados os indicadores de invasão para a comunidade como um todo e grupos ecológicos e calculadas as taxas demográficas. No primeiro ano foram amostradas 73 espécies e no segundo 74 espécies, dentro das quais, duas foram exóticas: Pinus taeda e Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton. Ambas tiveram baixos valores dos indicadores de invasão para a comunidade nos dois anos, no entanto, com aumento da participação de Pinus taeda entre as espécies pioneiras ao longo do tempo. Os resultados das taxas demográficas sugerem que, para os diferentes grupos ecológicos, o processo de invasão encontra-se em fases distintas. Conclui-se que o grupo das espécies pioneiras foi o componente mais afetado pela invasão biológica, o que reforça a necessidade de análise, considerando os diferentes grupos ecológicos. ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the biological contamination over time in a tree community of Montane Araucaria forest, in advanced successional stage, adjacent to a Pinus taeda L. plantation, in Lages, SC state. For this sake, a total of, 20 x 20m, 25 plots, distributed in five transects with five plots each, were allocated perpendicular to the edge in contact with the pinus plantation. In each plot, all living trees were measured (cbh ≥ 5 cm, measured at 1.30 m above soil level), collected and identified. Four years after the first inventory, the same individuals were re-inventoried, the dead individuals and survivor quantified and recruits added. For the two evaluated years, phytosociological descriptors were calculated, indicators of biological invasion quantified for all community as well as for ecological groups and the demographic rates determined. A total of 73 and 74 species were sampled in the first and second years, among of them two exotic species: Pinus taeda and Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton. Both species showed low values of the invasion indicators, but with an increment in the participation of Pinus taeda among pioneer species over time. Results of demographic rates suggest that, for different ecological groups, the invasion process is in distinct stages. We conclude that the pioneer species was the most affected component by biological invasion, which reinforces the need for analysis considering the different ecological groups.
- Published
- 2017
49. Allelopathy in native species of brazilian Savannah / Alelopatia em espécies nativas do Cerrado
- Author
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José Carlos Sousa-Silva, Christopher William Fagg, Giuliano Marchi, F. S. Ikeda, and Edilene Carvalho Santos Marchi
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Horticulture ,Future studies ,BioMA ,Geography ,Botany ,Aleloquímico ,Savana brasileira ,Perspectivas futuras ,Fitofisionomia ,Novos compostos ,Plant species ,Introduced species ,General Medicine ,Allelopathy - Abstract
Nesta revisão, estudos alelopáticos de 70 espécies nativas do Cerrado, distribuídas em 34 famílias e estudadas de 1992 até 2008 foram compiladas em uma lista. O Bioma Cerrado compreende várias paisagens distintas constituídas por diferentes fitofisionomias e é uma das biodiversidades mais ricas no mundo. Das 12.000 espécies lenhosas nativas do Cerrado, somente em uma pequena parte foram estudadas. Poucos aleloquímicos em folhas, flores, parte aérea e partes subterrâneas de espécies de plantas foram identificadas em dados restritos. Compostos isolados de poucas plantas foram mostrados em detalhes. A síntese desses compostos não foi utilizada para uso em controle de plantas daninhas e outros organismos. Futuros trabalhos poderiam ser direcionados para plantas estudadas e ainda não estudadas; a identificação de novos compostos e seu metabolismo; síntese e modo de ação daqueles compostos; efeitos na agricultura e no estabelecimento de plantas no Cerrado. ABSTRACT In this review, allelopathic studies of 70 species native from Cerrado, distributed in 34 families and studied from 1992 until late 2008, were compiled in a list. The Cerrado Biome comprises several distinct landscape areas constituted by different phytophysiognomies, and is the most biodiverse savanna in the world. From the 12.000 species native to Cerrado, only a small amount of species have been studied. Few allelochemicals in leaves, flowers, shoots, and subterranean parts of plant species were identified in the restricted data. Isolated compounds from a few plants were shown in detail. The synthesis of those compounds was not identified for use in comprehensive control of plants and other organisms. Future studies should be directed to unknown and better known plants; identification of new compounds and their metabolism; synthesis and mode of action of those new compounds; agriculture effects and Cerrado plants establishment.
- Published
- 2017
50. Invasion impact of Artocarpus heterophyllus LAM. (Moraceae) at the edge of an Atlantic Forest fragment in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Author
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Alexander Silva de Resende, Welington Kiffer de Freitas, Luis Mauro Sampaio Magalhães, Pedro Lima Filho, Rômulo Vinícius Luz, Lise da Rocha Vivès, Marco Aurélio Soares Pinheiro, and Felipe da Costa Brasil
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Dominância ,QH301-705.5 ,phytosociology ,horizontal structure ,Biodiversity ,Introduced species ,Biology ,Jaca ,dominance ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Floristics ,Invasive species ,Artocarpus ,Dominance (ecology) ,Biology (General) ,Dominance ,jackfruit ,Phytosociology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Diameter at breast height ,Agriculture ,Forestry ,biology.organism_classification ,Horizontal structure ,Jackfruit ,Estrutura horizontal ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Fitossociologia - Abstract
The Atlantic Forest is reduced to less than 20 % of its original area, but it still protects an important biological heritage. Forest fragmentation makes the environment more susceptible to invasive species occupation. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) was introduced into Brazil in the seventeenth century; and in the second half of the twentieth century, its natural regeneration increased the density of individuals, compromising the recruitment of many native species. This study investigated the impact of A. heterophyllus invasion on the diversity and tree structure component at the edge of an Atlantic Forest fragment, in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Two transect-type plots were set up with 10 m x 100 m (1,000 m2), being divided into 10 subplots of 10 m x 10 m, with a total sampling area of 2,000 m2. Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) equals to or greater than 5 cm were tagged and DBH and total height measured. The following phytosociological parameters were estimated: Frequency (F), Density (D), Dominance (Do), Importance (IV) and Coverage (CV) Values. In total, 191 tree individuals were sampled. Invasive species made up more than 35% of the entire vegetation structure in the studied environment, ending in first place in terms of Importance Value (IV = 35.62%). Low floristic wealth seems to have favored the A. heterophyllus invasion process in the community, showing the need for an effective control of the species for the native genetic heritage protection. A Mata Atlântica encontra-se reduzida a menos de 20% de sua cobertura original, mas ainda protege um importante patrimônio biológico. A fragmentação da floresta torna o ambiente mais favorável para a ocupação de espécies invasoras. A jaqueira (Artocarpus heterophyllus) foi introduzida no Brasil no século XVII e na segunda metade do século XX houve uma rápida densificação de sua regeneração natural, comprometendo o recrutamento de muitas espécies nativas. Este estudo investigou o impacto da invasão de A. heterophyllus na diversidade e na estrutura do componente arbóreo da borda de um remanescente de Mata Atlântica, no Rio de Janeiro. Duas parcelas do tipo transecto foram alocadas, com 10 m x 100 m (1.000 m2), divididas em 10 subparcelas de 10 m x 10 m, com uma amostra total de 2.000 m2. Árvores com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) igual ou superior a 5 cm foram marcadas e o DAP e a altura total foram medidos. Foram obtidos os seguintes parâmetros fitossociológicos: Freqüência, Densidade, Dominância, Valor de Importância (VI) e de Cobertura (VC). No total, 200 espécies de árvores foram amostradas. A invasão foi responsável por mais de 35% de toda a estrutura do ambiente estudado, obtendo o primeiro lugar em termos de Valor de Importância (VI = 35,62%). A baixa riqueza florística parece ter favorecido o processo de invasão de A. heterophyllus na comunidade, mostrando a necessidade de um controle eficaz das espécies para proteção da herança genética nativa.
- Published
- 2017
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