Search

Copyright of Apotheke is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work aims to discuss the representations of children's solidarity in the short stories A Menina de Lá, by Guimarães Rosa (2011), and A Menina sem Palavra, by Mia Couto (2018). To this end, it is based on bibliographical research and Comparative Literature, Short Story Theory and Childhood History. The results of the analysis demonstrate the difficulty of speech and interaction of the child characters with/in the family. The conclusion of the article is that the authors' narratives represent voices, bodies and performances of previously silenced children, thus configuring possibilities for comparative reading of Brazilian and Mozambican literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Linguagens, Educação e Sociedade (LES) is the property of Revista Linguagens, Educacao e Sociedade (LES) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inspired by the multiple images of children found in early cinema, we propose a reflection on the relationships between childhood and cinema. According to Walter Benjamin (2009), both childhood and cinema can be considered modern creations: the concept of childhood as an important period of individual formation emerges inseparably from the technologies of image production and reproduction that allow us to see children in a unique way, first in the still images of photography and later in the moving images of cinema. From this starting point, we wonder if it would be possible to consider the "invention" of cinema as a gesture of childhood. We propose to think of a notion of childhood in cinema that goes beyond teleological reductionism. To do so, we start from a psychoanalytic perspective about the process of language acquisition, which coincides with the subject's process of individuation in early childhood. From this perspective, we establish an analogy between childhood and the development of cinema as moments equally marked by the entrance into language: from a situation strongly influenced by visuality, experimentation, discovery, and free play, towards an entrance into the structured symbolic system of language through constant negotiation with the conventions and limits of the adult world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to reflect on memories of playful childhoods as a relevant component in the process of teacher's training in Early Childhood Education. It is assumed that the mobilization and constitution of collections of ludic images and memories of play help create bounds between adults and children in relation to their founding experiences of childhood, and contribute to teacher's training. A set of legal and theoretical frameworks for play as a child's right is presented in this article, revealing how public policies relate to childhood in regard to this theme. These frameworks resonate in the training of teachers of Early Childhood Education, providing a basis for pedagogical practices and theories. The importance of play is related to childhood cultures, constituted as networks of meanings that children weave through play and interaction with the world. In this perspective, the article addresses the dimension of play and playfulness as a reference for teacher training in Early Childhood Education, rethinks ideas about play and children's culture, questions the distancing of contemporary adults from the play scene, and presents excerpts taken from the memories of pedagogy undergraduates in experiences of rememorating their childhoods. This is a theoretical study of qualitative nature, resulting from an investigative process with an interpretative and descriptive narrative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pitágoras 500 is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Olhares: Revista Electronica do Departmento de Educacao da UNIFESP is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reports a systematic review carried out with the aim of scientifically validating the influence that motor activity and movement in general could have on the personality confirming an individual’s uniqueness and unity, influenced by the experiences he/she lives and the environment around him/she. Is introduced the concept of personality, particularly related to motor aspect in the growing age and are taken into consideration the areas in which it is divided: motor, cognitive, relational and emotional; then 12 articles are analysed concerning motility in the form of game-sport, physical education or just movement and the effects that it produces on the overall development of individuals in preschool and school age, from 0 to 10/11 years old.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Educación is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the concept of double vulnerability of the refugee child, this article intends to shed light over the conditions in these refugee children are inserted into educational institutions through the eyes of their mothers. We seek to relate interviews with five refugee women from the Democratic Republic of Congo who had children enrolled in public schools in 2019 with legal apparatuses that regulate education in Brazil, specifically in matters of documentation for access to educational institutions. The analysis alows identification of three contitioning factors that shed light on the challenges of refugee children integration: the difficulties of access to public schooling due to the lack of recognition of the validity of refuge papers, language as a barrier for integration and the prejudice experienced inside the school environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We intend to present in this article, an investigation of how, in the poetic of Manuel Bandeira, the presence of children and as a poet uses the world to build their children's poems. For this, we highlight the poem "Infância", published in the book Belo Belo, of 1948. Such a construction takes place in two ways that complement each other: at first, points to a vision of childhood that relates to a world good and without problems, childhood as a kind of paradise lost, regained by the poetry; at another time, childhood is represented by the valorisation of needy child, transfigured "menino carvoeiro" or simply the child belonging to the poor class, relating to childhood world of brazilian popular culture among other possible dismemberment. What we see, in Bandeira, is the intersection of these two perspectives in the sense that childhood becomes more than a theme, but a structural element of your poetic construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN Presentamos los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo es analizar en el discurso de jóvenes universitarios sus concepciones en torno a la participación infantil en el contexto de la Convención Internacional de los Derechos del Niño. Para ello, se contó con la participación informada de 53 estudiantes universitarios de 1er año de Psicología de una universidad española cuyas edades eran de 18 años. Se formaron cuatro grupos de discusión, y utilizaron para el procesamiento y análisis de la información el software QDA Miner y el análisis de discurso. Las principales conclusiones señalan que existiría entre nuestros entrevistados una percepción de baja participación infantil, además de escasos conocimientos sobre los derechos del niño. ABSTRACT We present the results of an investigation which aim is to analyze – in the words of young university students – their conceptions regarding child participation in the context of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child. To that end, it featured the informed participation of 53 university students in 1st year of Psychology at a Spanish university, whose ages were 18 years old. They formed four discussion groups; and for the processing and analysis of the information, the QDA Miner software and discourse analysis were used. The main findings indicated that among our interviewed, exists a perception of low participation of children, in addition to scarce knowledge regarding the rights of the child. Keywords: Discourse analysis, rights of the child, infancy, participation

Recently happened the 25th anniversary of the approval of the Child and Adolescent Statute. Which goals are achieved? What changed? This work analyses the Brazilian case in implementation of a new paradigm of children rights and his impact in the definition of aconcrete agenda of public policies, doing an evaluation of the new model and the changes, with focus of the development of a agenda of policies in four subjects: creation of councils, attention for the young lawbreakers, exploitation of child labour and sexual violence against children. At the end are discussed motivation for partial success in implementation of the agenda and responsibilities of the institutional actors involved.

This study aimed to analyze contents and forms of educating Santa Catarina children who attended public primary schools - school groups and isolated schools, between 1910 and 1935, using as elements the teaching programs, disciplinary codes, didactic texts and the indications of analytic methods for reading and writing. The sources include: the teaching program used in public schools from 1911 to 1914, the bylaws for school groups, regulations of public instruction for the period 1911-1914, legislative documents and reports from political and educational directors. The methodology sought to respond the questions: What material and symbolic elements appear concerning the education of children? How can we consider the multiplicity of childhoods that inhabited the time and space of primary schools? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia: Questoes & Debates is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artigo etnográfico tem como objetivo apresentar as crianças catingueirenses (semiárido da Paraíba), destacando sua participação na vida social e familiar, através do desvelamento das contingências cotidianas que enfrentam, assim como as expectativas adultas em relação a elas. Para isso, minha estratégia é, através de três memórias etnográficas - um evento na igreja envolvendo uma criança de 3 anos, o ritual de apresentação dos novos membros à comunidade e um cortejo fúnebre de um anjinho - pensar as crianças pequenas como risíveis, as crianças maiores como aprendizes e a infância como período de trabalho e de aprendizado moral. O texto revela um universo em que as crianças se tornam agentes imprescindíveis para o bom funcionamento da unidade familiar e, de modo mais geral, de toda a comunidade.The focus of the present article is ethnographic, aiming to describe the children of the catingueira (a semiarid region in Paraíba state), highlighting their participation in social and family life. I reveal the contingencies these children face an daily life as well as adults' expectations regarding them, focusing on three ethnographic memories: an event in church involving a three year old child; the ritual presentation of new members to the community and a funeral procession for a "little angel" (a dead child). Here I propose to think of small children as laughable, of older children apprentices and of childhood as a period of work and moral learning. The text reveals a universe in which children become agents who are essential for the proper functioning of the family unit and, more generally, of the whole community.

As decisões governamentais devem ter como pressuposto básico o atendimento integral à infância e à juventude, em consonância com os princípios da universalização e responsabilidade pública, desenhadas na Constituição Federal de 1988. O orçamento público permite avaliar se de fato esse segmento está sendo priorizado nas políticas públicas do país. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a aplicação dos recursos, realizada pelo governo federal, em programas sociais direcionados à população infantojuvenil em situação de vulnerabilidade social no Brasil.Governmental decisions should be based on integral care of children and youth in line with the universality and responsibility principles, foreseen in the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1998. The public budget is a means to asses whether in fact this segment of the population is being given priority in Brazilian public polices. The objective of this article is to analyze the application of financial resources carried out by the federal government in social programs serving children and adolescents in situations of social vulnerability in Brazil.

Este artigo analisa a maneira como Margaret Mead concebeu e utilizou as imagens tomadas por Gregory Bateson em Bali (1936-1939) para desenvolver um estudo, quase dez anos depois, sobre o comportamento infantil balinês. Notam-se as limitações tanto da metodologia adotada por Mead quanto do bias político-ideológico que perpassou esse trabalho realizado durante a Guerra Fria. Tento discutir estas limitações tanto quanto sintetizar possibilidades de abordagem das imagens. Pranchas fotográficas foram selecionadas e reproduzidas para mostrar as diferentes perspectivas de abordagem das fotografias, nos trabalhos balineses e no Atlas do comportamento infantil, produzido pelo doutor Arnold Gesell.This article analyses the manner how Margaret Mead conceived and utilized the pictures taken by Gregory Bateson in Bali (1936-1939) to develop her study, almost ten years later, about the balinese children behavior. There are some limitations in this balinese photographic study caused by methodology adopted, and by the political ideological bias that crossed her research realized during the "cold war" period as well. I try to discuss these limitations and to synthesize the approach's possibilities of the images. Photographic plates are selected and reproduced here to show different perspectives of their use, in Mead's balinese works and in the Atlas of infant behavior produced by the doctor Arnold Gesell.

Quanto a este texto, consideramos a ideia de que educação se relaciona à possibilidade de produção de sentidos e de modos de ser, e que estes acontecem em espaços, situações que provocam momentos de encontros e desencontros entre corpos, histórias, necessidades e sensações. Portanto, o propósito é refletir a educação dentro desta condição descrita. Elegemos, como pontos de partida, discursos da Filosofia em diálogos com a Psicanálise. Construímos uma reflexão a partir de situações/enredos que se elaboram tendo como marcos culturais dois ‘lugares’: (1) o texto de Freud Algumas reflexões sobre a Psicologia do Escolar e (2) o filme neorrealista de Roberto Rossellini Alemanha Ano Zero. A discussão é tecida, além do indicado acima, pela noção de experiência e infância, tanto em Walter Benjamin como em Giorgio Agamben. Aceitamos o pressuposto do enredo do filme, a história de Edmund no pós 2ª. Guerra e as necessidades vitais do povo alemão; e, com base nele, enfocamos a relação de co-existência entre o menino, seu pai e a figura do professor. How much to this text, we consider the idea of that education if relates to the possibility of senses and ways of being production, and that these happen in spaces, situations that provoke encounters and disencounters moment’s between bodies, histories, necessities and sensations. Therefore, the intention is to reflect the education inside of this described condition. We choose, starting points, the Philosophy in dialogues with the Psychoanalysis discourses. We construct to a reflection from situations/synopses that if elaborate having as cultural landmarks two ‘places’: (1) the Freud’ text - Some reflections on schoolboy psychology - and (2) the Robert Rossellini neorealist film - Germania Anno Zero. The discussion is weaved, beyond the indicated above, for the experience and infancy notion, as much in Walter Benjamin and Giorgio Agamben. We accept the supposition of the film’ synopses, the Edmund history in the after 2ª. War and the vital necessities of the german people; and, on the basis of it, we focus the relation and coexistence between the boy, its father and the teacher figure.

O artigo propõe pensar o tema do cuidado a partir da noção de alteridade, afirmando uma ética do cuidado em saúde que requer exposição ao outro. Inicia trazendo elementos da história da infância para revelar suas imagens na passagem do tempo, não uma fixação conceitual. Destaca o momento de uma imagem de desvalor da criança e a exclusão da infância, projetando essa imagem para o desvalor e rejeição do contato com a alteridade. Em substituição às representações da criança, um vir-a-ser do adulto ou promessa de futuro, o artigo recorre ao conceito de Guattari e Deleuze de devir-criança para propor um cuidado que não remete às exigências do futuro, mas às experimentações em que a criança-em-nós exerce suas potências, compondo-se com os diferentes meios com que convive. Dois filmes brasileiros, Central do Brasil e Abril Despedaçado, por meio de suas imagens e personagens criança, dão corpo a essa proposta.The article proposes to think the subject of the care from the alterity notion, affirming an ethic of health care that requires exposure to the other. It starts bringing elements from the history of childhood to reveal their images in the passage of time, not a conceptual fixation. Highlights the moment of an image of depreciation of the child and the exclusion of infancy, projecting this image for the depreciation and the rejection of the contact with the alterity. In substitution to the representation of the child, a come-to-be of the adult or promise of the future, the article appeals to the concept of Guattari and Deleuze of becoming-child to propose a care that does not remit to the demands of the future, but to the experimentations in which the child-in-us exerts its powers, composing itself with the different ambients with which coexist. Two Brazilian movies, Central do Brasil and Abril Despedaçado, through its images and child characters, embody this proposal.

A psoríase é doença inflamatória crônica, imunologicamente mediada, recorrente e de caráter universal. Aproximadamente um terço dos adultos acometidos refere início da doença antes dos 16 anos de idade. Quanto mais precoce, mais grave tende a ser a evolução do quadro. Em crianças, as lesões podem ser fisicamente desfigurantes, causando prejuízos psicológicos e evidente comprometimento da qualidade de vida. As medicações sistêmicas utilizadas na psoríase, bem como a fototerapia, têm indicação limitada na infância, devido aos efeitos cumulativos das drogas, à baixa aceitação e ao risco de teratogenicidade. Nesta seção, discutiremos as principais manifestações clínicas da psoríase na infância e na adolescência, bem como os diagnósticos diferenciais, opções terapêuticas e prognóstico.Psoriasis is a chronic, immunologically mediated, recurrent and universal inflammatory disorder. Approximately one third of adults refer onset before 16 years of age. The sooner the onset, the worse is the prognosis. In children, lesions may be physically disfiguring, leading to psychological impairment and evident loss of quality of life. Systemic therapy used in psoriasis, as well as phototherapy, has limited use in children due to accumulative effects of drugs, low acceptance, and risk of teratogenicity. In this section, we discuss the main clinical aspects of psoriasis in childhood and adolescence, differential diagnosis, therapeutic options, and prognosis.

O amplo uso de medicamentos sem orientação médica, quase sempre acompanhado do desconhecimento dos malefícios que pode causar, é apontado como uma das causas destes constituírem o principal agente tóxico responsável pelas intoxicações humanas registradas no país. As crianças são as maiores vítimas, pois sofrem com as conseqüências da prática da automedicação, erros de administração, prescrição médica inadequada; com a falta de pesquisas adequadas para a liberação do consumo destes medicamentos em sua faixa etária; e com a curiosidade natural da idade. Diante destes dados, objetivou-se identificar as principais classes terapêuticas presentes nas internações de crianças menores de um ano relacionadas a intoxicações e efeitos adversos de medicamentos, registradas pelo Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS nos anos de 2003 a 2005. Foram analisadas 1.063 internações, sendo 151 de menores de um mês e 912 entre um e onze meses. Os antiepilépticos, sedativos-hipnóticos e antiparkinsonianos foram responsáveis por 15,2% das internações relacionadas a intoxicações e efeitos adversos de medicamentos em menores de um mês e 21,1% em crianças de um a onze meses. Os antibióticos sistêmicos responderam para essas mesmas faixas etárias por 12,6% e 18,5% das internações, respectivamente. Os analgésicos, antitérmicos e anti-reumáticos não opiáceos tiveram participação menor, com 7,3% das internações para menores de um mês e 6,6% para crianças de um a onze meses. Um grande número de casos foi observado para crianças de zero dias, levando a considerar possíveis intoxicações por via transplacentária e por aleitamento materno. Dessa forma, o estudo aponta para a importância de um bom acompanhamento pré-natal, bem como para uma criteriosa prescrição de medicamentos para a mãe e a criança.The widespread use of drugs without medical prescription, nearly always ignoring the adverse events they may cause, is the leading factor accounting for human intoxications registered in Brazil. Children are the greatest victims of self-medication, administration errors, inappropriate medical prescription, lack of appropriate studies on the safe use of medicine in this age group, besides being susceptible to accidental ingestion driven by the curiosity natural to their age. The present study aims to identify the main therapeutic classes involved in drug intoxications or adverse events related to the hospitalization of children under one year of age, registered by the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System in the years 2003-2005. A total of 1,063 hospitalizations were analyzed, 151 of them involving children aged less than one month old and 912 children aged 1-11 months. Sedative-hypnotics accounted for 15.2% of hospitalizations related to drug intoxication and adverse effects in children less than one month old, and for 21.2% of such events in children aged 1-11 months. Antibiotics accounted for 12.6% and 18.9% of hospitalizations in the same age groups, respectively. Analgesics/antipyretics had a smaller share, with 7.3% of hospitalizations in the group under 1 month and 6.7% in the group aged 1-11 months. A great number of cases were observed on zero day old children, leading us to consider possible intoxications through the placenta or nursing. Therefore, this study points toward the importance of good antenatal care, as well as the necessary extra attention when prescribing drugs to both mothers and infants.

La historia de la infancia en el mundo, y en particular en América Latina, cuenta con aristas diversas y complejas que de un modo u otro develan un modelo de sociedad que se ha ido construyendo a lo largo de los tiempos. En este sentido, han sido numerosos los esfuerzos para lograr una legislación que regule y garantice los derechos de l@s niñ@s y que obligue a los Estados a activar mecanismos adecuados para su protección. Pero la realidad de l@s niñ@s que se encuentran alojados junto a sus madres en las cárceles argentinas aún requiere de un fuerte debate, tanto en los ámbitos públicos como académicos. A partir de esto es que nos proponemos plantear la discusión, intentando arrojar algunos elementos para el debate desde el enfoque de los derechos humanos. Para ello, y a partir de una recorrida por la historia y los antecedentes en la temática, nos interrogamos acerca de las posibles alternativas frente a una realidad compleja que nos interpela día a día.The history of childhood in the world, and particularly in Latin America, has divers and complex edges which, in one way or another, show a model of society which has been constructed during a long period of time. They have been numerous the efforts to obtain a legislation which regulates and guarantees the rights of the kids and which require the State to activate the adequate mechanisms to protect them. Actually, children are accommodated in Argentinean prisons with their mothers, and this fact is still to be discussed on public and academic milieus. It is from this point of view that we have the intention to set this discussion out, trying to contribute to the debate from a Human Rights perspective. With this aim, reconstructing the history and taking into account the available information, we start to pose the question about the possible alternatives against a difficult reality which we have to face daily.

En este artículo se muestra la temprana influencia que ejerció en Chile la idea de los "derechos del niño", entre 1900 y 1930, a través de la circulación de sucesivos textos. El contenido de estos fue bastante variable, fluctuando entre los que se limitaban a establecer la protección física del niño y los que reconocían una mayor autonomía de este frente al adulto. Aunque desprovistas de una doctrina que las sustentara, estas declaraciones de derechos del niño lograron cierto impacto en el ambiente intelectual de la época, tanto de aceptación como de rechazo, lo que se expresó en diversas políticas públicas que se detallan en este artículoThis article demonstrates that there was an early influence of children rights ideas in Chile between 1900 and 1930. These ideas were expressed through declarations that circulated in Chilean society and were variable. They ranged from those that demanded physical protection for children to those that pushed for a recognition of highest levels of autonomy of them. Even though these declarations did not have a solid supporting doctrine, they generated an impact in intellectual circles at the beginning of the twentieth century. The different opinions elaborated about children rights -opposing or supporting them- gave room to the establishment of public policies about the issue, which are presented in this work

Este artigo pretende analisar o universo de símbolos usados para representar os bebês na nossa sociedade, tratado como "totemismo do mundo dos bebês". Apresento uma descrição do fenômeno seguida de um possível enquadramento teórico, contrastando o totemismo do mundo dos bebês com as teorias vigentes sobre totemismo, animismo e naturalismo. Pretende-se, por meio deste exemplo, questionar a idéia de que os totemismos são periféricos à nossa sociedade e propor uma outra leitura das teorias sobre a distinção entre cultura e natureza nas sociedades humanas. Por fim, apresento ainda uma crítica pontual à noção de naturalismo, vista como um privilégio excessivo quanto à forma pela qual as "sociedades ocidentais" estruturam o binômio natureza e cultura.The present article analyzes the universe of symbols utilized to represent babies in our society, which we treat here as "baby totemism". I present a description of this phenomenon, followed by a possible theoretical framework which can be used to analyze it, contrasting baby totemism with various other current theories regarding totemism, animism and naturalism. Through this, I attempt to question the notion that totemism is a marginal phenomenon in our society, proposing an alternate reading of theories regarding nature and culture in human societies. Finally, I present a critique of the notion of naturalism, which is seen here had being excessively privileged by the binary manner in which "occidental societies" structure nature and culture.

An ecological approach to early language acquisition is presented in this article. The general view is that the ability of language communication must have arisen as an evolutionary adaptation to the representational needs of Homo sapiens and that about the same process is observed in language acquisition, although under different ecological settings. It is argued that the basic principles of human language communication are observed even in non-human species and that it is possible to account for the emergence of an initial linguistic referential function on the basis of general-purpose perceptual, production and memory mechanisms, if there language learner interacts with the ecological environment. A simple computational model of how early language learning may be initiated in today’s human infants is proposed.

O texto apresenta um breve histórico sobre o conceito de infância, tendo como referência pensadores como Ariès que caracteriza o infante como “não–falante”, não existente. Destaca as transformações influenciadas pelos iluministas, em especial por Rousseau iniciando um processo de direito à fala, à palavra; e o infans para Lacan ocupando um lugar marcado pelo desejo materno, alienando-se na imagem de um Outro. Busca a relação entre psicanálise e educação, a necessidade do professor rever seus conceitos e postura ética para se utilizar dos conhecimentos psicanalíticos em sua prática educativa, num encontro com as diferenças, sendo o conhecimento o objeto de desejo que circula entre professor e aluno e a subjetividade dessa relação entre professor-aluno-conhecimento. Traz a discussão sob a perspectiva do sujeito “que não aprende”, que é “des” qualquer coisa, “des-interessado, des-motivado” e no endereçamento ao professor que é um suposto-saber. Defende uma educação que pensa em “sujeitos” e não em “massas uniformizadas” dentro de uma sala de aula, que respeite a singularidade de cada aluno, apesar do constrangimento e insegurança gerados pelo convívio com as diferenças. Reflete sobre a escola enquanto instituição normativa e a importância da construção do trabalho em grupo. The text presents a historical briefing about infancy concept, having as reference philosophers, such as Ariès that describe infant as “non-talker”, does not existing. It shows the transformations influenced by the illuminists, in special Rousseau initiating a process of right to the speech, the word and infants for Lacan occupying a place marked for the maternal desire, becoming alienated of one image to Another one. It search’s the relation between psychoanalysis and education, the necessity of the professor to review its concepts and ethical position to use itself of the psychoanalysis knowledge in educative practical its, in a meeting with the differences, being the knowledge the desire object that circulates between professor and pupil and in the subjectivity of this relation between professor-pupil-knowledge. It brings the quarrel under the perspective of the citizen “does not learn” that any thing is “not-interested, not-motivated” and addressing to the professor who is the presumption of knowledge. It defends an education that thinks about “citizens” and not in “group of people” inside of a classroom, that respects the singularity of each pupil, although the constrain and insecurity generated by the relationship with the differences. It reflects on the school as a normative institution and in the importance of the construction of the work in-group.

O artigo analisa as representações sociais sobre o negro presentes na produção literária destinada à criança no Brasil, nas três primeiras décadas do século XX. A definição de tal periodização tem em vista a emergência, a partir da década de 1920, na produção artística e científica nacionais, da discussão em torno da identidade brasileira. Destaca-se a construção de referências estéticas e científicas voltadas para compreensão dos significados da composição racial da população, temática que ecoa nas obras endereçadas ao público infantil. Se nas obras produzidas até a década de 1920 os personagens negros eram ausentes ou remetidos ao recente passado escravocrata, observa-se um deslocamento: os personagens negros tornam-se freqüentes, descritos de maneira a caracterizar uma suposta integração racial, hierarquicamente definida. Mediante a descrição das características físicas e cognitivas dos personagens negros, de sua relação com os personagens brancos, sua inserção no espaço social, configura-se uma visão da temática racial endereçada ao público infantil. Os negros aparecem como personagens estereotipados, descritos a partir de referências culturais marcadamente etnocêntricas que, se buscam construir uma imagem de integração, o fazem a partir do embranquecimento de tais personagens. Na verdade, mais que embranquecer os personagens, a literatura infantil do período dirige-se e produz um leitor modelo identificado com os personagens e as referências culturais brancas, marcando, portanto, um embranquecimento do leitor.The article analyzes the social representations about the Black present in the literary production for children in the first three decades of the 20th century in Brazil. The definition of such period takes into account the emergence, from the 1920s, of the discussion around the issue of the Brazilian identity in the national literary and artistic production. Of special relevance is the construction of aesthetic and scientific references aimed at understanding the meanings of the racial composition of the population, a theme that reverberates in the works addressed to the children. If in the works produced up to the 1920s black characters were absent or referred to the then recent slavery past, a shift can now be observed. Black characters become frequent, described in such a manner as to characterize a supposed, hierarchically defined, racial integration. Through the description of the physical and cognitive features of the black characters, of their relation to white characters, and their insertion in the social sphere, a vision of the race issue addressed to children is composed. Blacks appear as stereotyped characters, described from markedly ethnocentric cultural perspectives that, even when trying to build an image of integration, do it from the whitening of the characters. Actually, more than whitening the characters, children's literature of the period addresses and shapes a model reader identified with the white characters and cultural references signaling, therefore, to the whitening of the reader.

This essay discusses the blessed strength of the poetics of the "minor" literature of Guimaraes Rosa and Osman Lins, two big vates of modern Brazilian literature. We discuss the role of laughter and comedy in some metalinguistic constructions of their works that reflect, each in its way, a worldview curiously close and accustomed to the principles of carnivalization and circus. Joy is, for these writers, the cornerstone of an aesthetics of the small and the insignificant; and of a deeply human ethics of life, death and renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay draws some lines on the relationship between infancy and philosophy. Socrates and Lyotard are the two mains inspiring figures. The former, as an infant of philosophy, who gave an infancy, not only chronological, to philosophy, as way of life. The later, with his concept of infantia, as a form of the inhuman that accompanies every human being in his whole life. From these two inspirations, this essay draws different relationships between childhood and philosophy with concepts like time, school, politics and arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educação is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contrapontos is the property of Universidade do Vale do Itajai and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to address two issues largely unexplored universe slavery: infancy and health. Spanning the period from 1871 to 1888, we intend to understand the experiences of children generated by slave belly after Rio Branco Law of September 28, 1871. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mana (01049313) is the property of Contra Capa Livraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Paper Refers to the official documents related to the protection of the rights of Brazilian young children. Those related to play activities and to infant public free education provision in the first six years of life are highlighted. The Law number 11.104 about the need to provide play areas with plenty of toys in the inpatient pediatric units described. It is pointed out that early childhood education provision helps the young child develop specific abilities, increases his/her social interaction and promote his/her autonomy as a citizen. During the last few years, the Brazil legislation improvement as related to early childhood is clear and the infancy`s rights are, on a theoretical basis, guaranteed as well as Brazil has one of the most developed laws concerning social protection to early childhood. The major problem is to make the to be followed, that is, to move it out of the paper to action. To protect and implement the infancy`s rights are not only the State responsibility but also refer to the families consciousness and to the society as well. As a conclusion, it is necessary to protect the different rights of young children and implement the public policies, in special the ones related to the education and leisure, giving young child a promising future.

Over the last few decades, research on social cognition has thrived to a great extent and much of its focus has been devoted to how children come to understand the human mind. The importance of addressing the unique developmental changes that occur in the early years of life is related to the vast impact of social cognition on everyday social understanding and action. In this sense, the goals of this work are: (a) to provide a brief theoretical overview of three classical social-cognitive milestones from infancy to the preschool years; (b) to provide examples of assessment methodologies for these developmental milestones; and (c) to compare and contrast each methodology so as to assist researchers in their selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study examined mental development and the quality of socio-emotional functioning of 16 institutionalized children, aged from 3 to 6 years old, relating them with the quality of their caregivers' attachment narratives. Griffiths Developmental Scales, Child Behavior Checklist, Attachment Script Representation and Attachment Q-Sort were used in the psychological assessment. Results showed that chidren's developmental level was placed below normative data. Furthermore, data regarding externalizing and internalizing psychopathology symptoms were close to the clinical population. Nevertheless, and in contrast to our hypothesis, most children presented almost mormative attachments scores (secure base), but this was not related to the quality of attachement narratives presented by their caregivers. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of the impact of institutional deprivation in child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mana (01049313) is the property of Contra Capa Livraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)