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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The article explores the (de)mobilization of the “trafficking victim” identity among Brazilian sex workers and the benefits that the counter-trafficking apparatus offers to Brazilian migrant women exploited in the sex market. In doing so, it considers their experience as much in their country of origin, Brazil, as in Portugal. Drawing on findings from ethnographic research, the article highlights the occasional and unstable mobilization of the “victim” label as a form of defense against the counter-trafficking apparatus, rather than as an instrument of recognition of rights that can substantially benefit Brazilian migrant women in the sex market.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Historia is the property of Associacao Nacional dos Professores Universitarios de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to reflect on education, in its relationship with human rights, taking as a reference the experience of the Sex Workers Movement in Brazil. In methodological and epistemological terms, this is a study with a qualitative approach, which has as its starting point the reflections and textures built from studies on prostitution, sex work and the movement of sex workers. This way, searches were carried out, surveys of studies and reviews of works on the theme addressed in order to contribute to the theoretical foundation of this study. Furthermore, it was part of the methodology to consider the narratives and voices of the interlocutors of the present study as a fundamental part of the data analysis. The discussion presented here intends to problematize the discussions, questions and reflections about education, human right, and the Sex Workers Movement, pointing out, that this Movement is also configured as a Social Movement building other ways of doing education, a historical task that proposes a political-educational praxis since the battle. In this way, it is legitimized that the knowledge built within the Sex Workers Movement shed light and point to unprecedented-viable ways to build a more diverse world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: The article aims to analyze child recruitment as a form of human trafficking. Beyond the theoretical perspectives that focus on security or rights, it addresses the topic as a form of unfree labor. By means of a case study focused on child recruitment by right-wing paramilitary groups in Colombia, the paper analyzes how children entered and exited illegal armed groups, the functions they performed, and the exploitation they endured. The research argues that child recruitment operates as a large-scale labor-market uptake in the wartime social order, where the “employers” are paramilitary groups, and the labor force, in part, consists of children and adolescents. Methodology: This case study relies on different sources of information: a database on child recruitment provided by the special Justice and Peace Unit of the Colombian Attorney General’s Office (989 cases between 1981 and 2005), sentences of Peace and Justice, testimonials given by victims in judicial processes, and semi-structured interviews with different actors. Conclusions: The paper shows that child recruitment as a form of trafficking is functional to wartime social order in contexts of poverty and inequality. There is demand and supply; thus, both girls and boys, who worked as soldiers, are not only victims but also agents that make decisions in challenging conditions. Therefore, if the socioeconomic options for these children, even after their demobilization from the armed group, are still a choice between bad and worse, joining a violent (no longer “armed” but “criminal”) group will remain a feasible alternative. Originality: The article contributes to the academic literature on a recent topic, such as the overlapping between child recruitment and human trafficking in armed conflict and post-conflict situations. It also contributes to the literature on “unfree labor,” as the study focuses on an actor (illegal armed groups) that has not been analyzed until now. Finally, the research demonstrates the limits of understanding human trafficking (and child recruitment as a form of trafficking) as a problem of security or rights entitlement. It highlights the analytical and political advantages of categories such as “unfree labor” to provide effective solutions for the prevention and reintegration of child soldiers.

This article aims to reflect on education, in its relationship with human rights, taking as a reference the experience of the Sex Workers Movement in Brazil. In methodological and epistemological terms, this is a study with a qualitative approach, which has as its starting point the reflections and textures built from studies on prostitution, sex work and the movement of sex workers. This way, searches were carried out, surveys of studies and reviews of works on the theme addressed in order to contribute to the theoretical foundation of this study. Furthermore, it was part of the methodology to consider the narratives and voices of the interlocutors of the present study as a fundamental part of the data analysis. The discussion presented here intends to problematize the discussions, questions and reflections about education, human right, and the Sex Workers Movement, pointing out, that this Movement is also configured as a Social Movement building other ways of doing education, a historical task that proposes a political-educational praxis since the battle. In this way, it is legitimized that the knowledge built within the Sex Workers Movement shed light and point to unprecedented-viable ways to build a more diverse world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas is the property of Revista Brasileira de Politicas Publicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research theme was delimited in the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The general objective of the research is to analyze the indicators of the occurrence of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the State of Rio Grande do Sul in the period from 2010 to 2020. To this end, the project objectives are: to contextualize the sexual commercial of children and adolescents and analyze the indicators of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the State of Rio Grande do Sul between 2010-2020. The problem that guides the research is what are the rates of occurrence of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the period from 2010 to 2020, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul? The method of approach is the deductive and the method of procedure is the monographic, using the techniques of bibliographic and documental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study of trafficking in persons for prostitution requires systematic and in-depth analysis, as it is a complex phenomenon resulting from multiple variables. Therefore, this work aims to map human trafficking, especially in the Brazilian context, by examining international norms and their impact on Brazilian law. At the same time, the study sheds light on the relationship between organized crime and human trafficking, considering human trafficking for sexual exploitation as a form of control of female bodies. The argument builds on the analysis of statistical data and scientific works dealing with human trafficking, prostitution, and organized crime.

This article seeks to present the direct link between patriarchy, capitalism and the phenomenon of the commercial and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents (CSECA). Thus, when considering that the joint action of both systems leads to the domination, objectification, commodification, and exploitation of female bodies, it is observed that the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents' bodies is intrinsically linked to this process, considering that such violence is perpetrated mostly against female bodies and that it is based on a commodified relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Manuel Cerveira Pereira was twice governor of Angola (1603-1606 and 1615-1617) and the first governor of Benguela (1617-1625). In addition to a successful political career, Cerveira Pereira was also celebrated by colonial historians as a brave military hero, known in Portuguese classics as the “Conquistador of Benguela”. The memory of Cerveira Pereira and his performance in Angola and Benguela has undergone a profound revision in the twenty-first century, not only by Africanist historiography specializing in West Central Africa, but also in popular imagination. One of today’s great Angolan novelists expressed in a few words the current feelings toward the former colonial hero. For Pepetela, born in Benguela, Captain Cerveira Pereira was, in fact, “a son of a bitch”. More than a gratuitous offense, the indignation transcribed by Pepetela reveals the feeling of those who studied Portuguese military strategies during the process of conquest and colonization of Angola and Benguela: attacks carried out in the dead of night, allies imprisoned when invited for a friendly conversation, workers dismissed from service and then cowardly attacked from behind, shackles reserved for those who got drunk on cachaça offered as a sign of friendship. Many sordid strategies were used by Portuguese heroes to quench their thirst for captives for the Atlantic trade. Through published primary sources and unpublished manuscripts, this article seeks to reveal some of the strategies used by the military and traffickers to promote slave trade and the occupation of the Benguela coast between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Direito e Práxis is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tempo (1413-7704) is the property of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions in the world with the largest migration flows to the rest of the world, especially to the European continent, not only because of the geographical proximity between the two continents, but also because of the ongoing political and military instability in Libya, which, before the fall of the Gaddafi regime, was at the center of actions aimed at containing illegal migration via the Central Mediterranean as a result of bilateral cooperation instruments signed with Italy in 2008. But the political chaos in that North African country does not explain by itself the constant flows of illegal migration and the high risk of violence, human trafficking and death that African migrants go through. The absence of concerted and coordinated migration policies among African states, the lack of a mandate from the African Union for a complete and efficient management of migration flows are among the immediate factors correlated to the phenomenon. Therefore, with the present theme I bring to confront the materialization of article 10 of the Sustainable Development Goals, with particular focus on 10.7, which recommends the facilitation of orderly, safe, regular migration of human subjects, with the public policy of immigration in sub-Saharan Africa in order to see how it contributes to the success or failure of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on the Regional and Global Human Development Reports on trafficking in persons, both belonging to the United Nations, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the sociological theories that underlie the discussion about women, men, children, and adolescents trafficked into the slave labor in Latin America, involving social inequalities and the national and international legal system that makes it a transnational organized crime. In fact, the characteristics of the social and economic structure of the countries in the region, added to a history of serious violations of human and fundamental rights that undermine the dignity of the human person and, consequently, the lack of opportunities for a better future, are some of the reasons that allow us to understand the actions and means of this crime, which aims at the exploitation of the human being. Exposing the social, economic, political, cultural and jurisprudential processes that favored the expansion of this global illicit, before the Palermo Protocol and post-Palermo, indicating the advance and non-advancement of the possibility, or not, of current eradication, is what sought to reflect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anos 90 is the property of Anos 90 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Introduction: Data about the increase in human trafficking around the world are worrisome. Although there is legislation on the subject, its scope does not cover all forms and victims of trafficking. Thus, many women, children and men remain in a vulnerable situation. Objective: The purpose of this paper was to elucidate and understand, based on the literature, the relationship between human trafficking, health care systems and the increase in sexually transmitted diseases, and also to point out what is being done to combat the problem. Methods: A documentary research was conducted through an integrative review for the period from 2010 to 2020. The literature search was carried out on the basis of the CAPES journals portal using the keywords “human trafficking”, “sexually transmitted diseases”, “health care systems” and “education”. Results: The results obtained indicated that the absence of access to information, health care and education are intrinsic to the process of illegal immigration and the destination of women and children for exploitation, whether sexual, for organ removal or forced labor, and that situations of violence, absence of health care or education and coercion, among others, are common both for the conditions of trafficking and for the conditions of the increase in sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusion: Given the information obtained, it is concluded that more research must be carried out together with the agencies that investigate and apply current laws to determine what are the most effective measures to combat human trafficking. Furthermore, we highlight the need for information on policies and projects that are able to reach vulnerable populations, with the promotion of education, health care and better living conditions.

Abstract Violence and inequalities suffered by Central American women force their migration. Once the process has begun, they are exposed to greater violence because they are migrants, poor, indigenous or mestizo, women and, sometimes, minors. The journey is the space in which Central Americans, particularly women, are exposed to violence perpetrated by criminal organizations. Orderly and regular mobility would protect them from the dangers to which they are exposed; to this end, migration governance is needed. This analysis works with intersectionality as a theoretical approach and the methodology used was qualitative, based on interviews and a bibliographic review.

Copyright of Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Uerj is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traffickers are dynamic, fluid operators; reacting well to consumer demand, under-regulated economic sectors, and easily adapting to exploit weaknesses in prevailing laws. Corporate globalization of storefronts and extensive manufacturing supply chains have contributed to human trafficking becoming the fastest growing criminal enterprise in the world. California’s legislative and social experiments are often models other governments look to for guidance. California is the first government to require businesses to disclose their anti-trafficking supply chain policies to their consumers. Under the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act of 2010 (CATSCA), large retailer sellers must conspicuously disclose on their web site their policies, if any, to detect and fight slave labor within their supply chain. This article explores the requirements of the CATSCA and will examine the legal effectiveness of the California transparency framework. Los traficantes son agentes dinámicos, de gran fluidez: reaccionan bien a la demanda de los consumidores y a los sectores económicos sin regular, y se adaptan fácilmente para explotar las debilidades de las leyes vigentes. La globalización corporativa de los comercios y de las grandes cadenas de suministro ha contribuido a que el tráfico de personas se haya convertido en el negocio criminal de crecimiento más rápido en el mundo. El gobierno de California ha sido el primero en exigir que los negocios revelen a sus clientes su política anti-tráfico. El llamado California Transparency in Supply Chains Act (CATSCA), de 2010, obliga a los mayoristas a publicar en sus sitios web, de forma preeminente, las políticas que siguen - caso de que las tengan - para detectar y combatir el trabajo en esclavitud dentro de su cadena de suministro. Este artículo explora los requisitos del CATSCA y examina la efectividad legal de las normas sobre transparencia de California. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3082186

This contribution to the special issue is a contextual interview providing an insight into the work of a senior support worker of victims of trafficking in Wales; victims who often apply for asylum at the same time as trying to recover from extreme exploitation and vulnerabilities. Some of the relevant legal provisions in England and Wales will be outlined, particularly in relation to the Modern Slavery Act 2015, to provide the reader with some key constraints both the victim and worker must adhere to stay within the law. The contextual interview also provides a picture of Albanian and Nigerian victims of trafficking and their treatment in the UK as well as a case study presented to politicians, representing a victim’s life before arriving in the UK, demonstrating her extreme vulnerabilities in her home country of Nigeria. Finally, some common threads and conclusions will be drawn out. Este artículo del número especial es una entrevista contextual que proporciona conocimiento sobre el trabajo de una asesora de víctimas de trata en Gales; víctimas que suelen solicitar asilo a la vez que intentan recuperarse de una explotación y de una vulnerabilidad extremas. Se dibujarán algunas de las provisiones jurídicas más relevantes de Inglaterra y Gales, sobre todo en lo tocante al Modern Slavery Act (2015), para que el lector conozca algunos de los imperativos legales que deben observar tanto víctimas como asesores, para permanecer dentro de la legalidad. La entrevista también retrata la situación de víctimas albanesas y nigerianas de tráfico de personas y el tratamiento que reciben en el Reino Unido, así como un estudio de caso presentado a los políticos, el cual representa la vida de una víctima antes de su llegada al Reino Unido y que demuestra las vulnerabilidades extremas que sufría en su país natal, Nigeria. Por último, se extraerán algunas conclusiones. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3096045

The presentation/paper focuses on the challenges and necessity of building capacity at local, national, and international levels with a focus of how to more effectively combat trafficking in human beings (THB). Insight from several of initiatives are shared with the aim of illustrating how to capitalize on the vast number of opportunities that already exist at these levels and how they might be coordinated to enable collaborative work in an informed and dynamic manner to combat human trafficking. Information from several recent research projects that focus on some of these same issues is also incorporated into this paper. El artículo se centra en los desafíos de la lucha contra el tráfico de personas y en la necesidad de aumentar la capacidad para ser más eficaces en ese sentido, local, nacional e internacionalmente. Nos hacemos eco de la visión de varias iniciativas, con el fin de ilustrar cómo capitalizar el gran número de oportunidades que ya existen en los ámbitos citados, y la forma en que se podrían coordinar para posibilitar la colaboración de una manera informada y dinámica para combatir la trata de personas. También se incluye en el artículo información emanada de diversos proyectos recientes de investigación sobre el tema que nos ocupa. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3086067

This contribution represents a synopsis of the discussions held over two days in plenary and groups at the Oñati International Institute for the Sociology of Law. The first group’s discussions centred on detailed recommendations for updating the EU Anti-Trafficking Directive with justifications from the expert groups as to the reasons for the changes, including a case study. The second group’s discussions focussed on a victim-centred approach to tackling human trafficking, outlining some of the key challenges and opportunities that could inform any changes to a new Anti-Trafficking Directive. Esta contribución representa una sinopsis de los debates que tuvieron lugar durante dos días en la reunión plenaria y en los grupos de trabajo del taller Human Trafficking: Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st Century, en Oñati. Los debates del primer grupo giraron en torno a recomendaciones en detalle para actualizar la Directiva Europea contra la Trata de Personas, con justificaciones de los grupos de expertos sobre las razones para las modificaciones, incluyendo un estudio de caso. Los debates del segundo grupo se centraron en un enfoque cercano a las víctimas para abordar la trata de personas, destacando algunos de los desafíos y las oportunidades principales que podrán informar las modificaciones de cara a una nueva Directiva. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3098105

The Introduction begins with an outline of what human trafficking entails and the international and regional legal regime as it currently stands. It contends that human trafficking occurs across the globe, requiring international, regional and local responses that incorporate different actors, both state and non-state. The ten contributions in the special issue deal with some of the most common forms of human trafficking, including forced labour, sexual exploitation and child trafficking. The Introduction also outlines that there are many forms of human trafficking that are not as well-known but that, nevertheless, also require legal and policy responses. Some country good practice examples are provided. The Introduction also includes legal and policy proposals as agreed upon at both workshops. Esta Introducción comienza con un bosquejo de lo que implica la trata de personas, y el régimen jurídico internacional y regional de estos momentos. Argumenta que el tráfico de personas ocurre en todo el mundo, requiere una respuesta internacional, regional y local que implique a diferentes agentes, tanto estatales como externos al estado. Las diez contribuciones que forman este número monográfico tratan sobre algunas de las formas más comunes de tráfico de personas, incluyendo trabajos forzados, explotación sexual y tráfico de niños. Además, la Introducción sugiere que hay muchas formas de tráfico de personas que no son tan conocidas pero que, sin embargo, también exigen respuestas legales y políticas. Se ofrecen ejemplos de buenas prácticas por parte de algunos países. Por último, la Introducción incluye también propuestas legales y políticas que han recibido conformidad en los dos talleres que han originado este monográfico. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3081022

Copyright of Brazilian Journalism Research is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fronteira: Revista de Iniciacao Cientifica em Relacoes Internacionais is the property of Instituto de Ciencias Sociais, Departmento de Relacoes Internacionais, PUC Minas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Limitations of the Appropriation of an International Migration Lexicon in Brazil analyzes the appropriation of an international normative and conceptual framework and the ambiguities of its implementation during the migration flow of Haitians to Brazil (2010-2014). We aim to contribute with an epistemological reflection about this framework in a moment of political and institutional changes with impact on migration policymaking. We suggest that the available concepts limit the horizon of language, leading us to reproduce terminologies of management and control. These concepts must be contested in order to reconceptualize the understanding of human mobility beyond a strictly humanitarian or criminal approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text seeks to articulate one of the aporias which marked the life of the colonial societies of Spanish America, that is, the trafficking and slavery of black people brought from the African continent. Faced with this situation, this study approaches one of the first theoretical antislavery proposals, which was advocated by the Capuchin friar Epifanio de Moirans OFMCap (1644-1689). his work Servi liberi seu naturalis mancipiorum libertatis iusta defensio in 1682. This proposal talks about, among other things, the just procedures for liberation from slavery, through the restitution of goods to the people who were victims of these unjust practices in the colonial times. For this we follow the itinerary of analysis of the provocative inquisition initiated against the slaveholder mentalities. The ethical demand here is for the fulfillment of the imperative of restitution of the goods to the enslaved people. This objectified the restorative act of the value of their slave work. Following this, we seek to reconstruct how the conception of a theory of restorative justice could have been implemented, having to deal with the tension of continuous dubiety in the unjust reception of people for slave trafficking. Finally, we deal with the contestatory proposition of the French Capuchin friar in the sense of instituting a procedure for the restitution of the material goods as something doable. Thus, the goal was full reimbursement for the damages caused by the infamous and unjust legal practice of black slavery in the colonial Iberian-American context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que identificó vídeos online que abordan la trata de personas, sus modalidades y características, con el fin de utilizarlos en procesos de socialización que permitan aumentar el conocimiento del fenómeno y promover su prevención en víctimas potenciales. Como resultado, se clasifican y describen los audiovisuales. Se encontró que la trata asociada a la explotación sexual es la más abordada, por lo que es necesario aumentar la investigación y producción de piezas que den a conocer las otras modalidades. Finalmente, se brindan criterios para abordar la trata de personas en procesos comunicativos, especialmente, con el objetivo de romper estereotipos arraigados sobre esta problemática y evitar errores informativos que pueden llevar a la revictimización. This article presents the results of a research that identified online videos that address the human trafficking issue, its forms and its characteristics with the purpose of using them in informative processes that allow increasing the knowledge on the phenomenon and promoting its prevention among potential victims. As a result, the audiovisual materials are classified and described. It was found that human trafficking related to the sexual exploitation is the most addressed form, which is why it is necessary to broaden the research on and production of materials that inform about the other forms. Finally, criteria are provided to address the human trafficking issue in communicational processes, especially with the purpose of breaking rooted stereotypes about this issue and avoiding informative errors that could lead to revictimization.

The establishment of the Trafficking1 and the Smuggling Protocol2 has brought to the surface the importance of the concept of vulnerability. However, the Protocols have not given a precise definition to the concept of vulnerability, in order to perceive a practical application on legal grounds. In 2005, the Council of Europe tries to delimit the definition’s gap of such concept, through the Convention of Warsaw3, giving a more exact definition of the concept. The present article intends to analyse the evolution and the application of this concept on the international legal framework on Human trafficking and Smuggling of migrants.

The human migrations become nowadays more complex, feminized, qualified, internationalized and individualized. The human migration process has been reaching all continents, countries, genders, social classes and generations. They are rooted in the origin of the identity, family, social, industrial, cultural and political changes, involving various fields of public and private spheres. It is possible to witness in recent decades, not only to the growth and diversification of international migration, mostly female, but also, the generalization and globalization of migrant female labor, many women migrants finding work in domestic service. The human migrations, especially the female migration, human trafficking, as well as, the social, labor and gender inequalities are the object of research and concern of the states, national and international organizations and public policies in different sectors. In this context, it is important to develop an integrated and multi/interdisciplinary approach for migration, based mainly, on human rights and appropriate public policies, recognizing migration, especially, the women migration, not only as an essential factor of development, but also, a factor of the vulnerability, discrimination and associated exploration.