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ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the probability of infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses in different socioeconomic strata of the population of Recife, Northeast Brazil. Methods: Study carried out from samples obtained in a survey of residents of a large urban center that had a population base and stratified sampling with random selection of households using the “Brazil Sample” package in the R software. HBV (HBsAg) and anti-HCV was performed using immunochromatographic tests. In cases positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBeAg were tested using chemiluminescence, as well as HBV-DNA using real-time PCR. For cases positive for anti-HCV, the search for this antibody was repeated by chemiluminescence and for HCV-RNA by real-time PCR. The occurrence of HBsAg and anti-HCV cases in the general population was estimated based on a theoretical negative binomial distribution. Results: Among 2,070 samples examined, 5 (0.24%) were HBsAg and 2 (0.1%) anti-HCV positive. The majority of cases had self-reported skin color as black/brown (6/7), education level up to high school (6/7), a steady partner (5/7) and lived in an area of low socioeconomic status (5/7). Conclusion : The occurrence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was lower than those previously found in population-based studies and slightly lower than the most recent estimates. Individuals with lower socioeconomic status should be a priority target of public health policies.

Introdução: A eliminação das hepatites virais figura como uma das metas da agenda para 2030, especialmente por representarem graves problemas de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal, a distribuição espacial e os fatores associados à detecção e à mortalidade por hepatites virais B e C no Brasil de 2010 a 2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico sobre as regiões e as unidades federadas brasileiras. Calcularam-se os coeficientes anuais de detecção e de mortalidade; realizou-se análise de tendência por modelos de regressão polinomial; construíram-se mapas temáticos para a distribuição espacial; e utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para a associação com sete indicadores socioeconômicos. Resultados: O Brasil apresentou tendência decrescente da detecção e da mortalidade pelas hepatites. As regiões Sul e Norte apresentaram as maiores taxas de hepatite B, com tendência decrescente e estacionária, respectivamente. As taxas mais altas de hepatite C foram nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, ambas em decréscimo. A detecção da hepatite B foi maior no Acre e em Rondônia e a da hepatite C foi no Rio Grande do Sul e no Acre. Percebeu-se aumento da detecção das infecções e declínio da mortalidade pela hepatite C no Pará e no Acre. A detecção das hepatites se relacionou inversamente com taxa de analfabetismo e diretamente com índice de desenvolvimento humano, esperança de vida e renda per capita. Conclusão: Foram evidenciadas disparidades regionais e estaduais quanto ao comportamento das hepatites virais B e C no Brasil, sendo que localidades com melhores índices de desenvolvimento apresentaram maiores taxas de detecção.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a serious public health problem and some of these infections are also transmitted through blood transfusions. Objective: To identify publications in scientific journals in Brazil and in the world, if there is an important association between serological inadequacy due to sexually transmitted infections traced in blood and blood products used for medical use. Methods: Systematic review of articles published from 2018 to 2023, using the LILACS, SciELO and PUBMED databases with a concomitant approach to the issues of serological disability and STI. Original studies or review articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish with Brazilian and international data were included. Editorial publications, letter to the editor, letter from the editor or comments on the subject were excluded. Results: The search found 571 articles, of which 106 (18.40%) met the inclusion criteria, that is, Serological disability and STI. In studies with international data, the prevalence of donors with hepatitis C ranged from 0.12% to 4.8%; with hepatitis B from 1.3% to 8.2%; with HIV from 0.0021% to 2.5%; with syphilis from 1.73% to 2.4%; with HTLV 0.66% and with Chagas disease from 0.017% to 2.76%. Among articles with Brazilian data, the prevalence of donors with seroreactive tests for hepatitis C ranged from 0.18% to 1.76%; with hepatitis B from 0.05% to 7.9%; with HIV from 0.03% to 0.82%; with syphilis from 0.37% to 3.51%; with HTLV 0.02% to 0.3% and with Chagas disease from 0.8% to 0.5%. Conclusion: STIs are rarely discussed in the scientific literature in studies on serological inadequacy. In addition, a minority of articles were with Brazilian data. However, results show that STIs, despite being little discussed in the scientific literature in studies on the subject of serological inadequacy, have statistically significant percentages of seropositivity for STIs. In addition, hepatitis C and B have a relevant seroprevalence, reaching 8.2% and 4.8%, respectively, in the international scenario. In the national, Brazilian scenario, hepatitis B continues to occupy a prominent place with a seroprevalence of up to 7.9%. However, syphilis now occupies a very important role with a maximum percentage of 3.51%. More studies are needed for more reflection: although STIs are little addressed in studies about serological inadequacy in human blood banks, would they be contributors to the maintenance and non-reduction of the general frequency of infections transmitted by blood transfusion?

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the distribution and spatial autocorrelation of hepatitis B and C detection rates in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: this was an ecological study of hepatitis B and C notifications held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System, between 2011 and 2019. Percentage change in detection rates between the first and last three-year periods was estimated. Spatial autocorrelation was analyzed using Moran’s index. Results: there were 16,699 notifications of hepatitis B, with a greater reduction in detection in the North (-30.0%) and Northwest (-25.9%) macro-regions. There were clusters of high occurrence in the Foz do Iguaçu, Francisco Beltrão and Cascavel regions between 2011 and 2019. There were 10,920 notifications of hepatitis C, with a greater reduction in detection in the Northwest macro-region (-18.9%) and an increase in the West (51.1%). The Paranaguá region recorded a high detection cluster between 2011 and 2016. Conclusion: hepatitis B and C showed heterogeneous distribution between health regions.

This article aims to identify which reasons lead people to seek the Judiciary in order to obtain medication for the treatment of hepatitis C. This is a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study where 235 judgements and lower court decisions rendered by the state of Rio Grande do Sul Court of Justice between the years of 2010 and 2020 were analyzed. The results showed that the main reason why people turn to the Judiciary is low-income. It was also pointed that the health judicialization is not a phenomenon connected to low-income; the most required drugs are Ribavirina, Interferon, Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir; and the percentage of judicial medicine concession is 93.6%. The data obtained lead to the conclusion that there is a need to reassess the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Hepatitis C and Coinfections, the National Plan for Viral Hepatitis and the Plan for the Elimination of Hepatitis C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The research aims to determine the biochemical and serological profile of hepatitis B and C in inmates of a recovery center, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study, developed between 2015 and 2018. Data were collected using an Inquiry Form and an interview. Participants underwent blood collection to perform serological tests for viral hepatitis B and C and biochemicals. Results: 125 inmates participated, with a frequency of 97.6% for males, with the age group of 31 to 40 years old prevailing (38.4%). The biochemical markers that suffered the most changes: uric acid, Alanine aminotransferase and High density lipoprotein. HBsAg was not detected, but total anti-HBc reagent isolated was detected in 1.6% of individuals. In 20.8%, a vaccine response against the hepatitis B virus can be observed. The survey found a 3.2% prevalence of anti-HCV reagent. Conclusion: The prevalence of infection by the hepatitis B and C viruses is low, although this population is considered to be at high risk for the transmission of these viruses, the majority of those examined reported using only inhalable drugs. The low vaccination coverage found among those examined demonstrated the vulnerability to acquire hepatitis B and the importance of studies among drug users in Pará. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Introduction: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a rare glomerular disease with a variable prognosis. A new classification based on the presence or absence of immunoglobulins and complement deposits in immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) of kidney biopsy has recently been proposed. The objectives of the study were to determine and compare the clinical, laboratory, and histopathological characteristics of those with primary or secondary MPGN, reclassify the primary ones based on IF findings, and evaluate kidney outcomes. Methods: This was an observational retrospective cohort study carried out in a single center (UNIFESP), based on the data collected from medical records of patients followed from 1996 to 2019. Results: Of 53 cases of MPGN, 36 (67.9%) were classified as primary and 17 (32.1%) as secondary MPGN. Most patients were hypertensive (84.9%) and had edema (88.7%) and anemia (84.9%); 33 (91.7%) patients classified as primary MPGN were reclassified as immune-complex-mediated and 3 (8.3%) as complement-mediated. The secondary MPGN group had hematuria more frequently (p

N/a.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the seroprevalence of positive markers for syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) I and II, human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) I and II, and hepatitis B and C among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis among patients who underwent IVF, between January 2013 and February 2016, and who had complete screening records. Results We analyzed 1,008 patients who underwent IVF, amounting to 2,445 cycles. Two patients (0.2%) tested positive for HIV I and II and none for HTLV I and II. Three patients (0.3%) had positive screening for syphilis, and two (0.2%) had positive hepatitis C antibody test (anti-HCV). A positive hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg) test was observed in 4 patients (0.4%), while 47 (4.7%) patients were positive for IgG antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HbC IgG), and only 1 (0.1%) was positive for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HbC IgM). The anti-HbS test was negative in 659 patients (65.3%). Only 34.7% of the patients had immunity against the Hepatitis B virus. Patients with an anti-HbS negative result were older than those with a hepatitis B test (anti-HbS) positive result (36.3 versus 34.9; p

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among immigrants residing refugee camps in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, and to identify possible risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. METHODS Around 1,225 individuals inhabiting Muzaffarabad refugee camps, participated in the study. A qualitative Immuno-Chromatographic Technique was used for initial screening and PCR test was used for detection of HBV and HCV in participants. The major risk factors for HBV and HCV transmission were assessed using a questionnaire approach. RESULTS Around 86 (7.0%) individuals were observed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) presence, and 215 (17.5%) individuals were found positive for Anti-HCV. Only 32 (2.6%) individuals were confirmed for HBV DNA and 126 (10.3%) individuals were positive for HCV RNA after PCR. Demographically, both HBsAg and Anti-HCV were found more prevalent in female (4.4% HBsAg and 10.8% Anti-HCV) population as compared to male (2.6% HBsAg and 6.7% Anti-HCV) population. Surprisingly, the HBsAg (23.5%) and Anti-HCV (41.1%) appeared to be more frequent in the age group 62–75 years. Previous history of hepatitis in the family (p < 0.0001), blood transfusion (p = 0.0197) dental treatment (p < 0.0001) and tattooing or piercing on any part of the body (p = 0.0028) were assessed as significant risk factors in HBV and HCV transmission. CONCLUSIONS Presence of 7.0% HBsAg and 17.5% Anti-HCV in a small fragment of the migrant population cannot be overlooked. Lack of awareness among people and negligence of health department could escalate the situation.

Se describe los casos de tres pacientes a quien se les realiza diagnóstico de colestasis intrahepática del embarazo (CIE) de aparición temprana. En dos de ellos el diagnóstico se relacionó con infección por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC). Reconocer que esta enfermedad puede presentarse de manera temprana en el embarazo y su relación con la infección por el VHC es fundamental para hacer un diagnóstico oportuno de ambas enfermedades y tomar las conductas terapéuticas adecuadas, mejorando así el pronóstico materno y fetal.

Abstract Infection by the hepatitis C virus is more prevalent in patients on dialysis than in the general population in Brazil, and has been associated with worse outcomes. Current therapy for hepatitis C is highly effective, safe, and widely available in Brazil, with coverage provided to dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease, which makes the elimination of hepatitis C a viable target. The Brazilian Society of Nephrology, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology, and the Brazilian Liver Institute developed the “Brazilian Registry for the Elimination of Hepatitis C in Dialysis Units”. This project aims to identify, treat, and monitor the response to treatment of patients on chronic dialysis infected with the hepatitis C virus in Brazil. This article presents the issue and invites Brazilian nephrologists to rally around the achievement of a significant goal.

Abstract: A 63-year-old black female patient with blisters and exulcerations on the face, neck, upper limbs, and subsequent evolution with hypochromic sclerotic areas and alopecia, is reported. Chronic hepatitis C and presence of high levels of porphyrins in urine were demonstrated. There was complete remission with the use of hydroxychloroquine, photoprotection, and treatment of hepatitis. Significant sclerodermoid involvement of the skin as a manifestation of porphyria cutanea tarda secondary to hepatitis C emphasizes the importance of diagnostic suspicion regarding skin manifestation in order to indicate the appropriate therapy, and to minimize the hepatic morbidity.

Abstract: Necrolytic acral erythema is a distinct erythema that has been described as an extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C virus infection. Most reported cases have been in Africa, especially Egypt. We report the first case (to the best of our knowledge) of necrolytic acral erythema in a Chinese patient with HCV and HBV coinfection. We aim to increase awareness for recognizing this condition in the Chinese population.

Introduction: With the improvement of biosafety and quality of blood products, hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission decreased in Brazil. Analyzing temporal trends in the incidence of acute cases may indicate how current HCV circulation is. Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of acute hepatitis C cases from 2007 to 2018. Methods: Analysis of reported cases of acute hepatitis C, using data from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN) and the Health Surveillance Department, Ministry of Health. The non-parametric Cusick test was applied to analyze temporal trend. Results: 6,199 cases of acute HCV were reported between 2007 and 2018. The annual incidence rate ranged from 0.17 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2007 at 0.28 (2018) (p=0.005). Regarding the age group, the trend of increased notifications was significant in individuals 40 years (p=0.008) of age. Conclusion: Despite the few acute cases reported annually, there has been an increase in recent years, especially in age extremes. Cases in >40 years may mean that some of them are not new, but chronic infections, or because of the growing importance of sexual transmission as a consequence of relaxation in safe sex. Despite possible inconsistencies and weaknesses in the notification systems, these numbers are of concern, justifying efforts to review cases for better classification and clarification of contagion routes.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe mortality due to hepatitis B and C as underlying cause in the municipality of São Paulo, verifying the trend of these rates, and to assess the association of these diseases with others, from 2002 to 2016. METHODS: This is a time series study on mortality due to hepatitis B and C according to sex, with data from the Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM – Mortality Information Sistem). Prais Winsten regression was used in rate trend analysis. RESULTS: The findings of this study showed a trend of decline of mortality from hepatitis B and C in recent years, particularly among males. These infections were important associated causes of liver cell carcinoma and HIV. The proportion of deaths under 70 years of age stands out. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides a baseline for research on mortality trend and the impact of interventions, given the history of expanded detection and supply of treatments, including the most recent antivirals in Brazil, since 2015.

Introduction and aim. Despite the emergence of new treatments for genotype 3 HCV (G3 HCV), there is still a lack of data about this particular subgroup in Brazil. We aimed to describe clinical and sociodemographic variables and treatment profile of G3 HCV Brazilian patients. Methods. This was a descriptive, retrospective study, performed in a specialized center for HCV treatment in Brazilian South Region. Medical charts of patients diagnosed with G3 HCV were reviewed to collect clinical, sociodemographic and treatment information. Results. 564 subjects were enrolled, with mean age of 59.3 years (SD=10.5). Cirrhosis was present in 54.4% of patients. Most common co-existent conditions were systemic arterial hypertension (36.6%) and diabetes mellitus (30.0%). Regarding treatment, 25.2% of patients were treatment-naïve and 74.8% were currently treating (11.6%) or had received a previous treatment (87.0%). The most frequent ongoing treatment was sofosbuvir+daclatasvir(± ribavirin) (87.8%). Of the 388 patients who had at least one previous treatment, 67.0% achieved sustained virologic response in the last treatment. Caucasian/white, non-obese, transplanted patients, those with longer time since diagnosis and with cirrhosis were more likely to receive treatment, according to multivariate analysis. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had 64.1% less chance to be on treatment during the study period than those without this condition; patients with chronic kidney disease presents were 2.91-fold more likely to have a treatment interruption than those without. Conclusion. This study describes a large sample of Brazilian patients with G3 HCV. Treatment patterns were mainly influenced by presence of HCV complications and comorbidities.

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Hepatitis C represents one of the greatest challenges for public health worldwide, due to its severity and high rates of chronicity and morbidity and mortality. In Brazil, the disease is responsible for the majority of deaths from viral hepatitis, constituting the third largest cause of liver transplants. This observational epidemiological study aimed to collect clinical and epidemiological data from 258 patients with hepatitis C treated by the specialized component of pharmaceutical assistance from the Pharmacy of Specialized Medicines of Piauí (FME), between the years 2016 to 2019. The results showed greater involvement in male, mixed race and 60-82 year old individuals. As for genotyping, gene 1 was prevalent, followed by 3 and 2. Cases of co-infections were low and current therapeutic regimens proved effective in reducing disease progression, duration of treatment and increasing the rate of cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract According to data from the last census of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN), the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Brazilian hemodialysis units (HU) is 3.3%, about three times higher than what is reported for the Brazilian general population. Often, professionals working in HU are faced with clinical situations that require rapid HCV diagnosis in order to avoid horizontal transmission within the units. On the other hand, thanks to the development of new antiviral drugs, the cure of patients with HCV, both in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease and the disease eradication, appear to be very feasible objectives to be achieved in the near future . In this scenario, SBN and the Brazilian Society of Hepatology present in this review article a proposal to approach HCV within HUs.

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis B and C in patients with diabetes mellitus and analyze potential associated factors. Method: a cross-sectional study with 255 patients with diabetes mellitus. Demographic, clinical, and risk behavior factors for hepatitis B and C were selected. The markers HBsAg, Anti-HBc IgG, Anti-HBc IgM, Anti-HBs, and Anti-HCV were investigated. A questionnaire and venous blood collection and inferential statistical analysis were used. Results: 16.8% of the patients had a total reactive Anti-HBc marker, 8.2% an isolated Anti-HBs, and 75% were non-reactive for all hepatitis B markers. No case of reactive HBsAg was found and 3.3% of the patients had a reactive anti-HCV marker. The prevalence of prior hepatitis B virus infection was directly associated with the time of diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was not associated with the investigated variables. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in patients with diabetes mellitus was higher when compared to the national, with values of 16.8% and 3.3%, respectively. Conclusion: the results suggest that patients with diabetes are a population of higher vulnerability to hepatitis B and C, leading to the adoption of preventive measures of their occurrence.

Considering hepatitis B and C a serious public health problem in Brazil, this study aimed to analyze the spatial and socioeconomic distribution of those diseases, in the municipalities attended by three Regional Health Centers (RHC) of the Public Health Secretary of the state of Para, from 2010 to 2014. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with data from the Health Ministry and from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The epidemiological analyzes showed that the 1st CRS reported the highest number of cases, especially in 2012 and 2014. The most affected individuals profile was male (58,9%), brown (65,1%), adults (65,6%), low schooling (27,3%) and urban area resident (93,0%). The most significant risk factors in the three RHC were sexually transmitted diseases and use of injectable drugs. The spatial analyzes between the parameters of MHDI and of the incidence rate showed an inverse autocorrelation between these two variables. It was observed that areas with medium and low MHDI presented high incidence rates. The analyzes generated were effective to construct a contextualized epidemiological scenario of the hepatitis B and C. We emphasize the need of expansion of those diseases control programs in the studied areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem and is related to the different socioeconomic characteristics of the Brazilian territory. Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of the hepatitis B and C and their relationship with the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM), in the areas of three Regional Health Centers (CRS), in the state of Pará, Brazil, from 2010 to 2014. Method: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Ministry of Health and the 2010 Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. Results: The analyses showed that the 11th CRS reported the greater number of cases (60.9%). The most affected individuals by both diseases were female, brown skin color, adults and elementary school degree. The most significant risk factors were injecting drugs use, dental and surgical treatments. It was observed spatial dependence between the IDHM and the diseases incidence rate parameters, with direct and indirect autocorrelations. Thus, areas with medium and low IDHM showed high incidence rates, especially in municipalities with intense migratory flows, in the last decades. Conclusion: The analyses were effective for construct epidemiological scenarios of the diseases. The need to expand the control of hepatitis in the studied areas is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract OBJECTIVE Comparing Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) scores in patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing double and triple antiviral therapy and analyzing possible factors related to HRQoL. METHOD HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form 36 and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire, which were applied at baseline and at weeks 4, 12 and 16 of treatment to 32 patients divided into two groups: double therapy with pegylated interferon (IFN-PEG) and ribavirin, and triple therapy with PEG-IFN, ribavirin and telaprevir. RESULTS The reduction of HRQoL was greater in patients receiving triple therapy compared to those treated with two drugs, the most critical time is at 12 weeks in both groups. After removal of telaprevir, the triple therapy group significantly improved their HRQoL scores. Anxiety and depression before treatment, employment status and race are significantly related to diminished HRQoL. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing double and triple therapy have diminished HRQoL indexes, but the addition of telaprevir chooses a more significant decrease.

Abstract Human contact with solid waste poses biological, chemical, and physical health risks for workers involved in waste collection, transportation, and storage. The potential risk to human health resulting from contact with health services waste or household waste still sparks considerable controversy. The aim of this study was to identify the context of scientific discussions on risk/infection from the hepatitis B and C viruses in workers that collect solid waste from health services or households. The search covered publications up to 2013 in Brazilian and international databases, and 11 articles were selected through a literature review. Of these, six conclude that there is an increased risk of infection in workers that collect household waste when compared to those unexposed to waste, three point to greater risk for workers that collect health services waste as compared to those that collect ordinary waste, and the other two found no difference between exposed and unexposed individuals.

BACKGROUND: Carriers of hepatitis C virus have lower levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol and triglycerides compared to uninfected patients. With the progression of liver disease, the values for cholesterol and its fractions reduce linearly, with reduction ratio of lipid profile and markers Child-Pugh and MELD. AIM: To determine the relationship between decrease dlipid profile with clinical outcome presented (liver transplantation or death pre-transplant). METHODS: Was conducted a cross sectional analytical study of a follow-up study performed by reviewing medical records. Cirrhotic patients treated at theClinic of Gastroenterology from a large tertiary hospital with cirrhosis of viral etiology and/or alcohol were studied. The clinical characteristics (gender, age and etiology of cirrhosis) and lipid profile data from150 patients were collected in the year 2010.To analyze the occurrence of clinical outcomes (liver transplantation or death pre-transplant) patients were evaluated after four years. RESULTS: The prevalent cause was hepatitis C virus (53,3%), followed by alcohol (32%) and hepatitis C and alcohol (14,6%). Males represented 62% of the sample and the average age was 63.1±9.11 years. The prevalent lipid changes were hypocholesterolemia associated with hypotriglyceridemia (36,6%) and isolated hypocholesterolemia (34,6%). Analyzing groups of patients that showed abnormalities related to lipid profile, was identified a significant association between isolated hypocholesterolemia and clinical outcome-liver transplant(p

Hepatitis C is a public health concern worldwide. An association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with mixed cryoglobulinemia and renal disease has been described, and type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is the most common. MPGN is often associated with type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. This case report aimed to describe the clinical features of patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia, a major extrahepatic manifestation of HCV infection, and to discuss its pathophysiology and treatment of HCV infection based on the case report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hepatitis C is an inflammatory disease of the liver caused by a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Hepacivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family, called the hepatitis C virus. After initial infection, 70% to 85% of the patients develop chronic hepatitis C with hepatic fibrosis. In addition to specific liver changes, various extrahepatic manifestations have been associated with the hepatitis C virus infection or with medications used to treat the condition. We report the case of a patient with chronic hepatitis C who presented with the signs and symptoms of borderline tuberculoid leprosy and type 1 reaction four months after the start of treatment with a pegylated interferon/ribavirin combination.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis C in crack users in Piauí. METHOD: seroepidemiological survey, undertaken in the Psycho-Social Care Centers for Drugs and Alcohol (CAPS AD) in Piauí in the period December 2011 to May 2012. A questionnaire was administered and blood samples were collected for serological research. Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were used, with a level of significance of (p

La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que alrededor de 150 millones de personas en el Mundo están infectadas por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC), siendo ésta la principal causa de cirrosis hepática, carcinoma hepatocelular y trasplante hepático en nuestro medio

Sexually transmitted infections are an important area of public health, requiring clinicians to be alert to their diagnosis. We present three issues that we consider pertinent: the Zika virus as a new sexually transmitted infection, hepatitis, including the epidemic hepatitis C infection in men who have sex with men that are HIV positive and the sexually transmitted hepatitis A outbreak verified in Europe, and the antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVOS: Correlacionar os achados da biópsia transcutânea hepática guiada por ultrassonografia com os dados ultrassonográficos modo B e Doppler da veia hepática direita; comparar os padrões de onda entre os grupos de estudo (hepatopatas) e controle (sadios); e avaliar se o Doppler da veia hepática direita serve como marcador de hepatopatia crônica. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 38 pacientes portadores de hepatopatia crônica comprovada por sorologia e biópsia (grupo de estudo) e dez pacientes sem hepatopatia sorológica (grupo controle), avaliados pela ultrassonografia modo B e Doppler. Os critérios histológicos foram a classificação da Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia de Hepatite Crônica. RESULTADOS: A ultrassonografia modo B e o Doppler diferenciaram os indivíduos portadores de hepatopatia crônica dos normais (p=0,047). Houve diferença significativa entre o grupo de estudo e o controle na comparação entre os achados histopatológicos, ultrassonográficos modo B e o Doppler nos padrões de onda da veia hepática direita (p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível correlacionar a biópsia hepática com a ultrassonografia modo B e o Doppler da veia hepática direita; os hepatopatas apresentaram alteração no fluxo da veia hepática direita e os normais não, sendo que o padrão de onda nos controles saudáveis foi trifásico e nos hepatopatas bifásico ou monofásico; e o Doppler da veia hepática direita serviu como marcador de hepatopatia crônica.OBJECTIVE: To correlate chronic liver disease diagnosed by transcutaneous liver biopsy guided by ultrasound, with ultrasound findings with B-mode and Doppler of the right hepatic vein; 2) to compare the wave patterns between the study group and the control group; 3) to compare the right hepatic vein Doppler findings with histopathology findings as a possible marker of chronic liver disease. METHODS: Were studied 38 patients with chronic liver disease diagnosed by biopsy and serology (study group) and 10 persons without serologic liver disease (control group), assessed only by ultrasound B-mode and Doppler. The criteria were based on histology classification of the Brazilian Society of Pathology for chronic hepatitis. Chi-square, Fisher's exact and Student t tests were used. RESULTS: The B-mode and Doppler ultrasound were useful in inferring the differentiation between individuals with chronic liver disease from normal. There were significant differences between the study group and the controls when comparing the histopathology findings, ultrasound B-mode and Doppler in relationship to the wave patterns of the right hepatic vein. CONCLUSION: The correlation of liver biopsies with ultrasound B-mode and Doppler of hepatic vein was positive; 2) individuals with liver disease showed alterations in the flow of the right hepatic vein and normal subjects not, being the wave pattern in normal triphasic and in patients with chronic liver disease monophasic or biphasic; 3) Doppler of the right hepatic vein is useful marker for chronic liver disease.

Resumo: O estudo visou estimar a incidência dos fatores associados à soroconversão para o anti-HCV em pacientes em hemodiálise no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, não concorrente, utilizando dados de pacientes identificados por relacionamento determinístico-probabilístico nos registros dos sistemas de informação do SUS. Foram incluídos 47.079 pacientes que iniciaram em hemodiálise no período de 1º de janeiro de 2000 a 31 de dezembro de 2003, acompanhados até a soroconversão ou o término do estudo em 2004. Nesta pesquisa, 3% dos pacientes em hemodiálise apresentaram soroconversão para anti-HCV (incidência de 1,7 soroconversão por 100 pacientes/ano). Maior risco de soroconversão para o anti-HCV foi associado com idade, glomerulonefrites, região de residência, anti-HIV positivo e efeito da unidade de diálise. A incidência observada de soroconversão para anti-HCV foi semelhante à registrada em alguns países desenvolvidos, destacando-se a evidência de transmissão entre os pacientes em hemodiálise.

OBJETIVOS: Investigar a prevalência da Hepatite Viral C em adultos usuários de serviço público de saúde do município de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná. MÉTODO: Inquérito epidemiológico com amostra probabilística e estratificada de 5.017 pessoas voluntárias, submetidas a questionário e teste rápido anti-HCV. Os dados foram organizados no programa Epi-info 3.5.1. A associação entre a presença ou não da doença e os fatores de interesse foram avaliados pelo teste Qui-quadrado. Para análise conjunta dos fatores de risco ajustou-se um modelo de Regressão Logística e considerou-se o teste de Wald para a tomada de decisão sobre a importância dos fatores. RESULTADOS: A frequência absoluta foi de 13 positivos, com prevalência de 0,30%, (IC = 0,12% - 0,40%). A maior probabilidade da doença foi no sexo masculino (p = 0,008) e no estado civil solteiros, separados ou viúvos (p = 0,045); com história de manifestação prévia de sintomas (p < 0,001) e de hemotransfusão (p < 0,001); e com presença de tatuagem (p = 0,033). Independente de sexo, idade e estado civil, uso de drogas, hemotransfusão e idade superior a 40 anos aumentou o risco à doença. CONCLUSÃO: Encontrou-se baixa prevalência, entretanto, esperada para a região sul do país. Os resultados não diferiram de outros estudos quanto aos riscos de contaminação. Este estudo poderá contribuir para alertar sobre a importância do agravo, a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de enfrentamento e o estímulo para melhor compreensão da Hepatite C.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis C in adult users of the Public Health Services of São José dos Pinhais - Paraná. METHODS: We performed an epidemiological survey with a probabilistic sample of 5,017 volunteers who answered a questionnaire and were submitted to an anti-HCV quick test. Data were organized using Epi-info 3.5.1. The association between the presence of the disease and the factors of interest in the study were evaluated by the Chi-square test. We used a Logistic Regression Adjusted Model for risk factor analysis and the Wald test for decision making on the importance of the risk factors. RESULTS: The absolute frequency of positive anti-HCV was 13, with a prevalence of 0.30%, (IC = 0.12% - 0.40%). A higher probability of the disease was reported in males (p = 0.008) and in single, separated and widowed subjects (p = 0.045); in subjects with prior HCV symptoms (p < 0.001) and a previous blood transfusion (p < 0.001); and with the presence of a tattoo (p = 0.033). Drug abuse, blood transfusion and age > 40 years increased the risk for disease, regardless of sex, age and marital status. CONCLUSION: We found a low prevalence of Hepatitis C, albeit expected for Southern Brazil. Our results did not differ from other studies as to contamination risks. The study may contribute to highlight the importance of Hepatitis C, the need to implement strategies to cope with it, and stimulate better understanding of Hepatitis C.