32 results on '"Grangeiro, Alexandre"'
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2. Profissionais de saúde frente a homens jovens que buscam profilaxia pós-exposição sexual ao HIV (PEPSexual): desafios para o cuidado/Health professionals' perceptions of young men seeking sexual post-exposure prophylaxis (Sexual PEP): challenges for health care/Profesionales de salud frente a hombres jóvenes que buscan profilaxis post-exposición sexual al VIH (PEPSexual): desafÃos para el cuidado
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Massa, Viviane Coutinho, Grangeiro, Alexandre, and Couto, Marcia Thereza
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- 2021
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3. Profissionais de saúde frente a homens jovens que buscam profilaxia pós-exposição sexual ao HIV (PEPSexual): desafios para o cuidado.
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Coutinho Massa, Viviane, Grangeiro, Alexandre, and Thereza Couto, Marcia
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YOUNG adults ,MEDICAL personnel ,PATIENT-professional relations ,HUMAN sexuality ,AT-risk behavior - Abstract
Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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4. A re-emergencia da epidemia de aids no Brasil: desafios e perspectivas para o seu enfrentamento
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Castanheira, Elen Rose, and Nemes, Maria Ines Battistella
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- 2015
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5. The effect of prevention methods on reducing sexual risk for HIV and their potential impact on a large-scale: a literature review
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Ferraz, Dulce, Calazans, Gabriela, Zucchi, Eliana Miura, and Díaz-Bermúdez, Ximena Pamela
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Prevenção & controle ,Prevention & control ,Sorologia ,Sexo seguro para prevenção da AIDS ,HIV ,Pre-exposure prophylaxis ,Profilaxia pós-exposição ,HIV Serosorting ,Post-exposure prophylaxis ,Profilaxia pré-exposição ,Condom ,Seleção por Sorologia para HIV ,Preservativo ,HIV (Vírus) - Abstract
A spectrum of diverse prevention methods that offer high protection against HIV has posed the following challenge: how can national AIDS policies with high coverage for prevention and treatment make the best use of new methods so as to reverse the current high, and even rising, incidence rates among specific social groups? We conducted a narrative review of the literature to examine the prevention methods and the structural interventions that can have a higher impact on incidence rates in the context of socially and geographically concentrated epidemics. Evidence on the protective effect of the methods against sexual exposure to HIV, as well as their limits and potential, is discussed. The availability and effectiveness of prevention methods have been hindered by structural and psychosocial barriers such as obstacles to adherence, inconsistent use over time, or only when individuals perceive themselves at higher risk. The most affected individuals and social groups have presented limited or absence of use of methods as this is moderated by values, prevention needs, and life circumstances. As a result, a substantial impact on the epidemic cannot be achieved by one method alone. Programs based on the complementarity of methods, the psychosocial aspects affecting their use and the mitigation of structural barriers may have the highest impact on incidence rates, especially if participation and community mobilization are part of their planning and implementation. RESUMOA existência de diferentes métodos preventivos que oferecem elevado grau de proteção contra o HIV tem trazido à luz um desafio: como países que proporcionaram ampla cobertura de prevenção e tratamento poderão utilizar novos métodos preventivos para reverter taxas de incidência que permanecem elevadas, até mesmo crescentes, em grupos sociais específicos? Realizamos uma revisão narrativa da literatura com a finalidade de examinar os métodos preventivos e as intervenções estruturais que, no contexto de epidemias concentradas populacional e geograficamente, podem ter maior impacto nas taxas de incidência. Com isso, analisamos o conhecimento acerca do grau de proteção dos diferentes métodos, seus limites e suas potencialidades. O alcance e a efetividade dos métodos têm sido minimizados, notadamente, por barreiras estruturais e psicossociais, como falhas de adesão, uso inconsistente ao longo do tempo ou apenas em situações em que as pessoas se percebem em maior risco. Indivíduos e grupos sociais mais atingidos pela epidemia têm limitado o uso e o não uso de métodos de acordo com seus valores, necessidades identificadas de prevenção e condições de vida. Isso impede que um método isoladamente venha a promover um forte impacto de redução na epidemia. Políticas baseadas na oferta conjunta e na complementaridade entre os métodos, na atenção aos aspectos psicossociais que interferem no seu uso e na redução das barreiras estruturais de acesso poderão ter maior impacto na incidência, especialmente se forem planejadas e implantadas com participação e mobilização social.
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- 2015
6. Da evidência à ação: desafios do Sistema Único de Saúde para ofertar a profilaxia pré-exposição sexual (PrEP) ao HIV às pessoas em maior vulnerabilidade.
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Miura Zucchi, Eliana, Grangeiro, Alexandre, Ferraz, Dulce, Félix Pinheiro, Thiago, Alencar, Tatianna, Ferguson, Laura, Lotufo Estevam, Denize, Munhoz, Rosemeire, and do Estudo Combina, Equipe
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Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
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7. Características da resposta à Aids de secretarias de saúde, no contexto da Política de Incentivo do Ministério da Saúde¹
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Escuder, Maria Mercedes Loureiro, Silva, Sara Romera da, Cervantes, Vilma, and Teixeira, Paulo Roberto
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AIDS ,Disease prevention ,Descriptive Epidemiology ,Prevenção de doenças ,Vulnerable populations ,Decentralization ,Epidemiologia descritiva ,Descentralização ,Program Development ,Populações vulneráveis ,Avaliação de programas ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Analisar a cobertura da Política de Incentivo do Ministério da Saúde para Programas de Aids e as características das ações de prevenção, assistência, gestão e apoio às organizações da sociedade civil induzidas nos Estados e municípios. METODOLOGIA: Os Planos de Ações e Metas de 2006, das 27 Unidades Federadas e de 427 municípios incluídos na Política de Incentivo, foram analisados segundo indicadores estabelecidos para aferir a complexidade e a sustentabilidade das ações induzidas, a inclusão de populações prioritárias e a capacidade de intervenção na epidemia. Informações sobre população e casos de aids registrados foram utilizadas para mensurar a cobertura. RESULTADOS: Os municípios incluídos representaram uma cobertura de 85,2% dos casos de aids do País. Houve uma baixa proporção de secretarias estaduais (48,2%) e municipais (32,6%) de saúde que contemplaram, concomitantemente, ações de prevenção para a população geral e as de maior prevalência da doença, assim como ações para o diagnóstico do HIV, o tratamento de pessoas infectadas e a prevenção da transmissão vertical. Em relação às populações prioritárias, 51,9% dos Estados e 31,1% dos municípios propuseram ações específicas na prevenção e na assistência. Estados (44,4%) e municípios (27,9%) com Planos abrangentes estão mais concentrados no Sudeste e em cidades de grande porte, representando a maioria dos casos de aids do País. CONCLUSÃO: A Política de Incentivo do Ministério da Saúde compreende as regiões de maior ocorrência da aids no Brasil, porém, o perfil da resposta induzida encontra-se parcialmente dissociado das características epidemiológicas da doença no País. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the coverage of the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Incentive Policy for AIDS programs and the characteristics of prevention, care, management and support to civil society organizations induced in states and municipalities. METHODS: The 2006 Action and Target Plans of the 27 Brazilian States and 427 municipalities enlisted in the Incentive Policy were analyzed according to indicators established to measure the complexity and sustainability of actions taken, the inclusion of priority populations, and the ability to address the epidemic. Information on population and on AIDS cases that were reported was used to measure the coverage of the Incentive Policy. RESULTS: The studied municipalities covered 85.2% of AIDS cases in the country. There was a low proportion of state (48.2%) and municipal (32.6%) departments that simultaneously adopted actions aimed at AIDS prevention in the general and in higher disease prevalence populations, as well as HIV diagnosis, treatment of infected individuals and mother-child transmission. Additionally, 51.9% of the states and 31.1% of the municipalities planned specific prevention and care actions aimed at priority population segments. States (44.4%) and municipalities (27.9%) with comprehensive responses are concentrated in the Southeast region, mainly in large cities, and represent most of the AIDS cases in the country. CONCLUSION: The Incentive Policy of the Ministry of Health comprises the regions with the highest incidences of AIDS, but the profile of the induced response is in partial disagreement with the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in Brazil.
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- 2012
8. Prevalencia y vulnerabilidad a la infección por VIH en personas que viven en la calle en Sao Paulo, Brasil
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Holcman, Márcia Moreira, Onaga, Elisabete Taeko, Alencar, Herculano Duarte Ramos de, Placco, Anna Luiza Nunes, and Teixeira, Paulo Roberto
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Fatores de Risco ,Personas sin Hogar ,Factores de Riesgo ,Vulnerabilidad en Salud ,Homeless Persons ,Infecciones por VIH, epidemiologia ,Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual, epidemiología ,Sem-Teto ,Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis ,Syphilis Serodiagnosis ,Serodiagnóstico de la Sífilis ,HIV Infections, epidemiology ,Risk Factors ,HIV Seroprevalence ,Health Vulnerability ,Soroprevalência de HIV ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases, epidemiology ,Seroprevalencia de VIH ,Infecções por HIV, epidemiologia ,Vulnerabilidade em Saúde ,Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, epidemiologia - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência e o perfil de vulnerabilidade ao HIV de moradores de rua. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra não probabilística de 1.405 moradores de rua usuários de instituições de acolhimento de São Paulo, SP, de 2006 a 2007. Foi realizado teste anti-HIV e aplicado questionário estruturado. O perfil de vulnerabilidade foi analisado pela frequência do uso do preservativo, considerando mais vulneráveis os que referiram o uso nunca ou às vezes. Foram utilizadas regressões logística e multinomial para estimar as medidas de efeito e intervalos de 95% de confiança. RESULTADOS: Houve predominância do sexo masculino (85,6%), média de 40,9 anos, ter cursado o ensino fundamental (72,0%) e cor não branca (71,5%). A prática homo/bissexual foi referida por 15,7% e a parceria ocasional por 62,0%. O número médio de parcerias em um ano foi de 5,4 e mais da metade (55,7%) referiu uso de drogas na vida, dos quais 25,7% relataram uso frequente. No total, 39,6% mencionaram ter tido uma doença sexualmente transmissível e 38,3% relataram o uso do preservativo em todas as relações sexuais. A prevalência do HIV foi de 4,9% (17,4% dos quais apresentaram também sorologia positiva para sífilis). Pouco mais da metade (55,4%) tinha acesso a ações de prevenção. A maior prevalência do HIV esteve associada a ser mais jovem (OR 18 a 29 anos = 4,0 [IC95% 1,54;10,46]), história de doença sexualmente transmissível (OR = 3,3 [IC95% 1,87;5,73]); prática homossexual (OR = 3,0 [IC95% 1,28;6,92]) e à presença de sífilis (OR = 2,4 [IC95% 1,13;4,93]). O grupo de maior vulnerabilidade foi caracterizado por ser mulher, jovem, ter prática homossexual, número reduzido de parcerias, parceria fixa, uso de drogas e álcool e não ter acesso a ações de prevenção e apoio social. CONCLUSÕES: O impacto da epidemia entre moradores de rua é elevado, refletindo um ciclo que conjuga exclusão, vulnerabilidade social e acesso limitado à prevenção. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and vulnerability of homeless people to HIV infection. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 1,405 homeless users of shelters in the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, from 2006 to 2007. They were all tested for HIV and a structured questionnaire was applied. Their vulnerability to HIV was determined by the frequency of condom use: those who reported using condoms only occasionally or never were considered the most vulnerable. Multinomial and logistic regression models were used to estimate effect measures and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: There was a predominance of males (85.6%), with a mean age of 40.9 years, 72.0% had complete elementary schooling, and 71.5% were non-white. Of all respondents, 15.7% reported being homosexual or bisexual and 62,0% reported having casual sex. The mean number of sexual partners in the last 12 months was 5.4. More than half (55.7%) of the respondents reported lifetime drug use, while 25.7% reported frequent use. Sexually-transmitted disease was reported by 39.6% of the homeless and 38.3% reported always using condoms. The prevalence of HIV infection was 4.9% (17.4% also tested positive for syphilis) and about half of the respondents (55.4%) had access to prevention programs. Higher HIV prevalence was associated with younger age (18-29 years, OR = 4.0 [95%CI 1.54;10.46]); past history of sexually-transmitted disease (OR = 3.3 [95%CI 1.87;5.73]); homosexual sex (OR = 3.0 [95%CI 1.28;6.92]); and syphilis (OR = 2.4 [95%CI 1.13;4.93]). Increased vulnerability to HIV infection was associated with being female; young; homosexual sex; having few partners or a steady partner; drug and alcohol use; not having access to prevention programs and social support. CONCLUSIONS: The HIV epidemic has a major impact on homeless people reflecting a cycle of exclusion, social vulnerability, and limited access to prevention. OBJETIVO: Analizar la prevalencia y el perfil de vulnerabilidad al VIH en personas que viven en la calle. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con muestra no probabilística de 1.405 personas que viven en la calle y que acuden a albergues de Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, de 2006 a 2007. Se realizó prueba anti-VIH y se aplicó cuestionario estructurado. El perfil de vulnerabilidad fue analizado por la frecuencia de uso del preservativo, considerando más vulnerables a los que relataron no haberlo usado nunca o a veces. Se utilizaron regresiones logística y multinomial para estimar las medidas de efecto e intervalos de 95% de confianza. RESULTADOS: Hubo predominancia del sexo masculino (85,6%), promedio de 40,9 años, haber cursado educación primaria (72,0%) y no tener color blanco (71,5%). La práctica homo/bisexual fue relatada por 15,7% y la pareja ocasional por 62,0%. El número promedio de parejas en un año fue de 5,4 y más de la mitad (55,7%) narraron uso de drogas en la vida, de los cuales 25,7% lo hicieron de forma frecuente. En total, 39,6% mencionaron haber tenido una enfermedad sexualmente transmisible y 38,3% contaron el uso de preservativo en todas las relaciones sexuales. La prevalencia de VIH fue de 4,9% (17,4% de los cuales presentaron también serología positiva para sífilis). Poco más de la mitad (55,4%) tenía acceso a acciones de prevención. La mayor prevalencia del VIH estuvo asociada a ser más joven (OR 18 a 29 años = 4,0 [IC95% 1,54;10,46]), historia de enfermedad sexualmente transmisible (OR = 3,3 [IC95% 1,87;5,73]); práctica homosexual (OR = 3,0 [IC95% 1,28;6,92]) y a la presencia de sífilis (OR = 2,4 [IC95% 1,13;4,93]). El grupo de mayor vulnerabilidad fue caracterizado por ser mujer, joven, tener práctica homosexual, número reducido de parejas, pareja fija, uso de drogas y alcohol y no tener acceso a acciones de prevención y apoyo social. CONCLUSIONES: El impacto de la epidemia entre las personas que viven en la calle es elevado, reflejando un ciclo que conjuga exclusión, vulnerabilidad social y acceso limitado a la prevención.
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- 2012
9. Magnitud y tendencia de la epidemia de SIDA en ciudades brasileñas de 2002-2006
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Escuder, Maria Mercedes Loureiro, and Castilho, Euclides Ayres
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Brasil ,Impacts on Health ,HIV Infections ,Epidemiologia Descritiva ,Epidemiology, Descriptive ,Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida ,Infecciones por VIH ,Epidemiología Descriptiva ,Impactos na Saúde ,Impactos en la Salud ,Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida ,Infecções por HIV ,Brazil - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico da Aids nos municípios brasileiros entre 2002 e 2006, associando tendência e magnitude com indicadores socio- demográficos e características da epidemia local. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um estudo ecológico que categorizou os municípios segundo a magnitude e tendência da epidemia para, posteriormente, analisá-los de acordo com os indicadores sociais, formas de transmissão do HIV e ano de registro do primeiro caso. Os dados são provenientes do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento no Brasil. Utilizou-se regressão linear para estimar a tendência e estatísticas de qui-quadrado e Anova para o estudo dos indicadores. RESULTADOS: Um total de 4.190 municípios (75,3%) apresentou casos entre 2002 e 2006. Desses, 3.403 (81,2%) possuíam ocorrência de "pequena magnitude" (média = 4,7 casos), 367 (8,8%) "média magnitude" (média = 30,3 casos) e 420 (10,0%) "grande magnitude" (média = 378,7 casos). Os de "pequena magnitude" associaram-se à menor incidência, início da epidemia após 1991, existência de uma ou duas categorias de transmissão, especialmente heterossexual, com ocorrências de casos em um ou dois anos do período e menor índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH). Os de "grande magnitude" associaram-se às cidades de maior porte e IDH, apresentaram todas as categorias de transmissão, início da epidemia entre 1980/1991 e tendência de redução/estabilização, especialmente por diminuição da transmissão entre usuários de drogas injetáveis. O crescimento da epidemia concentrou-se em cidades de "pequena magnitude", mas sem significância, a ponto de alterar a participação proporcional (8,7%) desses municípios no conjunto de casos no País. CONCLUSÕES: A epidemia de Aids permanece concentrada nos centros urbanos e a interiorização é caracterizada pela ocorrência irregular e de pequena magnitude. Municípios com baixo IDH e com transmissão exclusivamente por relações heterossexuais apresentaram baixa capacidade de crescimento e a redução da epidemia está associada especialmente à diminuição da transmissão entre usuários de drogas injetáveis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze different patterns of occurrence of AIDS in Brazilian cities between 2002 and 2006, associating trend and magnitude with socio-demographic indicators and local characteristics of the epidemic. METHODS: This was an ecological study that categorized cities according to magnitude and trend of the epidemic and subsequently analyzed, considering social indicators, types of HIV transmission and year of first case reported. Data came from the Brazilian Epidemiological Surveillance System, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the United Nations Development Program for Brazil. Linear regression was used to estimate trend and chi-square statistics and ANOVA to analyze indicators. RESULTS: A total of 4,190 cities (75.3%) reported AIDS cases between 2002 and 2006. Of these, 3,403 (81.2%) had an occurrence of "small magnitude" (mean = 4.7 cases), 367 (8.8%) of "average magnitude" (mean = 30.3 cases) and 420 (10.0%) of "great magnitude" (mean = 378.7 cases). Cases of "small magnitude" were associated with lower incidence; beginning of the epidemic after 1991; presence of one or two types of transmission; especially heterosexual contact; with occurrences of cases in one or two years of the period; and lower human development index (HDI). Those of a "great magnitude" were associated with larger cities and higher HDI; presence of all types of transmission; beginning of the epidemic between 1980/1991; and trend towards reduction/stabilization, especially due to a decrease in transmission among injecting drug users. Growth of the epidemic was concentrated in "small magnitude" cities, although without significance to the point of changing proportional participation (8.7%) of these cities in the group of cases in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: The AIDS epidemic remains concentrated in urban centers and the spread of cases to the countryside is characterized by irregular occurrence and small magnitude. Cities with low HDI and exclusive transmission through heterosexual contact showed low capacity of increase and the reduction of the epidemic is especially associated with the decrease in transmission among injecting drug users. OBJETIVO: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico del SIDA en las ciudades brasileñas entre 2002 y 2006, relacionando tendencia y magnitud con los indicadores sociodemográficos y con las características locales de la epidemia. MÉTODOS: Este estudio ecológico clasificó las ciudades según la magnitud y tendencia de la epidemia para, posteriormente, analizarlos con relación a indicadores sociales, formas de transmisión del VIH y año de registro del primer caso. Los datos son provenientes del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Instituto Brasilero de Geografía y Estadística y Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo en Brasil. Se utilizó regresión lineal para estimar la tendencia y estadísticas de chi-cuadrado y ANOVA para el estudio de los indicadores. RESULTADOS: Un total de 4.190 municipios (75,3%) presentaron casos entre 2002 y 2006. De esos, 3.403 (81,2%) poseían ocurrencia de "pequeña magnitud" (promedio= 4,7 casos), 367 (8,8%) "magnitud media" (promedio=30,3 casos) y 420 (10,0%) "gran magnitud" (promedio=378,7 casos). Los de "pequeña magnitud" se asociaron a la menor incidencia, inicio de la epidemia posterior a 1991, existencia de una o dos categorías de transmisión, especialmente heterosexual, con ocurrencias en uno o dos años del período y menor índice de desarrollo humano (IDH). Los de "gran magnitud" se asociaron a las ciudades de mayor porte e IDH, presentaron todas las categorías de transmisión, inicio de la epidemia entre 1980/1991 y tendencia de reducción/estabilización, especialmente por disminución de la transmisión entre usuarios de drogas inyectables. El crecimiento de la epidemia se concentró en ciudades de "pequeña magnitud", pero sin significancia a punto de alterar la participación proporcional (8,7%) de esos municipios en el conjunto de casos en Brasil. CONCLUSIONES: La epidemia de SIDA permanece concentrada en los centros urbanos y la interiorización es caracterizada por la ocurrencia irregular y de pequeña magnitud. Municipios con bajo IDH y con transmisión exclusivamente por relaciones heterosexuales presentaron baja capacidad de crecimiento y la reducción de la epidemia está asociada especialmente con la disminución de la transmisión entre usuarios de drogas inyectables.
- Published
- 2010
10. Evaluación del perfil tecnológico de los centros de consejería y pruebas de VIH en Brasil
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Escuder, Maria Mercedes, Wolffenbüttel, Karina, Pupo, Ligia Rivero, Nemes, Maria Ines Battistella, and Monteiro, Paulo Henrique Nico
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Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde ,Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde ,AIDS Serodiagnosis ,Sorodiagnóstico da Aids ,Health Service Assessment ,Serodiagnóstico del SIDA ,Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida ,Health Service Access ,Evaluación de Servicios de Salud ,Calidad de la Atención de Salud ,Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud ,Health Care Quality ,Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Caracterizar e analisar os perfis tecnológicos dos centros de testagem e aconselhamento para HIV no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se questionário estruturado e auto-aplicado com 78 questões, respondido por 320 (83,6%) dos 383 centros brasileiros, durante 2006. Foram analisadas respostas que caracterizam o perfil tecnológico dos serviços mediante o uso da técnica de agrupamento k-means. As associações entre os perfis descritos e os contextos municipais foram analisadas usando-se qui-quadrado e análise de resíduo no caso de proporções, Anova e Bonferroni para médias. RESULTADOS: Os centros apresentaram deficiências significativas quanto à garantia do atendimento adequado. Foram identificados quatro perfis tecnológicos. O perfil "assistência" (21,6%) foi predominante entre os serviços instituídos antes de 1993, em regiões com alta incidência de Aids e municípios de grande porte. O perfil "prevenção" (30,0%), prevalente entre 1994-1998, foi o que mais correspondeu às normas do Ministério da Saúde, com melhores indicadores de resolubilidade e produtividade. O perfil "assistência e prevenção" (26,9%), inserido nos serviços de Aids, foi predominante entre 1999-2002 e desenvolvia o conjunto mais completo de atividades, incluindo tratamento de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. O perfil "oferta de diagnóstico" (21,6%) foi o mais precário e localizado onde a epidemia é mais recente e com menor proporção de pessoas testadas. CONCLUSÕES: Os centros de testagem e aconselhamento constituem um conjunto de serviços heterogêneos e as diretrizes que nortearam a implantação dos serviços no Brasil não estão plenamente incorporadas, influindo nos baixos indicadores de resolubilidade e produtividade e no desenvolvimento insuficiente de ação de prevenção. OBJECTIVE: To characterize and analyze technological profiles of voluntary HIV counseling and testing centers in Brazil. METHODS: A structured self-completion questionnaire with 78 questions was used. This questionnaire was answered by 320 (83.6%) of the 383 Brazilian centers, in 2006. Responses that characterized the services' technological profile were analyzed using K-means clustering technique. Associations between the profiles described and the municipal contexts were analyzed using the chi-square and residue analysis for proportions, and ANOVA and Bonferroni for means. RESULTS: Centers showed significant deficiencies to guarantee adequate services. A total of four technological profiles were identified. The "care" profile (21.6%) predominated among the services instituted before 1993, in areas with high AIDS incidence and in large cities. The "prevention" profile (30.0%), prevalent between 1994 and 1998, was the type that best complies with the Ministry of Health's norms, with better readiness and productivity indicators. The "care and prevention" profile (26.9%), included in the AIDS services, predominated between 1999 and 2002, and developed the most comprehensive set of activities, including STD treatment. The "testing" profile (21.6%) was the most precarious, found where the epidemic is most recent and with a lower number of people tested. CONCLUSIONS: Counseling and testing centers constitute a set of heterogeneous services. In addition, service implementation guidelines have not been completely incorporated in Brazil, thus having and influence on low resolution and productivity indicators and also the inadequate development of prevention activities. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar y analizar los perfiles tecnológicos de los centros de consejería y pruebas de VIH en Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó cuestionario estructurado y auto-aplicado con 78 preguntas, respondido por 320 (83,6%) de los 383 centros brasileros, durante 2006. Fueron analizadas respuestas que caracterizan el perfil tecnológico de los servicios mediante el uso de la técnica de agrupamiento k-means. Las asociaciones entre los perfiles descritos y los contextos municipales fueron analizadas usándose ji-cuadrado y análisis de residuo en el caso de proporciones, Anova y Bonferroni para promedios. RESULTADOS: Los centros presentaron deficiencias significativas con relación a la garantía de la atención adecuada. Fueron identificados cuatro perfiles tecnológicos. El perfil "asistencia" (21,6%) fue predominante entre los servicios instituidos antes de 1993, en regiones con alta incidencia de SIDA y municipios de gran porte. El perfil "prevención" (30,0%), prevaleciente entre 1994-1998, fue el que más correspondió con las normas del Ministerio de la Salud, con mejores indicadores de resolución y productividad. El perfil "asistencia y prevención" (26,9%), inserido en los servicios de SIDA, fue predominante entre 1999-2002 y desarrollaba un conjunto más completo de actividades, incluyendo tratamiento de enfermedades sexualmente transmisibles. El perfil "oferta de diagnóstico" (21,6%) fue el más precario y localizado donde la epidemia es más reciente y con menor proporción de personas evaluadas. CONCLUSIONES: Los centros de consejería y pruebas de VIH constituyen un conjunto de servicios heterogéneos y las directrices que nortearon la implantación de los servicios en Brasil no están plenamente incorporadas, influyendo en los bajos indicadores de resolución y productividad y en el desarrollo insuficiente de acción de prevención.
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- 2009
11. Prevalência e vulnerabilidade à infecção pelo HIV de moradores de rua em São Paulo, SP.
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Moreira Holcman, Márcia, Taeko Onaga, Elisabete, Ramos De Alencar, Herculano Duarte, Nunes Placco, Anna Luiza, and Teixeira, Paulo Roberto
- Abstract
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- 2012
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12. A epidemia de AIDS no Brasil e as desigualdades regionais e de oferta de serviço.
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Escuder, Maria Mercedes Loureiro, and de Castilho, Euclides Ayres
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Magnitude e tendência da epidemia de Aids em municípios brasileiros de 2002-2006.
- Author
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Loureiro Escuder, Maria Mercedes, and Castilho, Euclides Ayres
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Avaliação do perfil tecnológico dos centros de testagem e aconselhamento para HIV no Brasil.
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Escuder, Maria Mercedes, Wolffenbüttel, Karina, Pupo, Ligia Rivero, Battistella Nemes, Maria Ines, and Nico Monteiro, Paulo Henrique
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Sustainability of Brazilian policy for access to antiretroviral drugs.
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Teixeira, Luciana, Bastos, Francisco I., and Teixeira, Paulo
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
16. UNGASS-HIV/AIDS: a review of the Brazilian response, 2001-2005.
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, Ferraz, Dulce, Barbosa, Regina, Barreira, Dráurio, De S. M. Veras, Maria Amélia, Villela, Wilza, Veloso, José Carlos, and Nilo, Alessandra
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- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Resposta à aids no Brasil: contribuições dos movimentos sociais e da reforma sanitária.
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Grangeiro, Alexandre, da Silva, Lindinalva Laurindo, and Teixeira, Paulo Roberto
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- *
AIDS , *PUBLIC health , *HEALTH policy , *GOVERNMENT policy , *SOCIOCULTURAL factors - Abstract
The article discusses how the political scenario and the mobilization of different actors have contributed to the construction of a public health policy in response to the AIDS epidemic in Brazil. It explores the political context of the 1980s and the socio-cultural context of the 1970s that was characterized by the achievement of individual freedom. It discusses Brazilian domestic policy and the reinforcement of a global initiative for poor income economies.
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- 2009
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18. HIV epidemic, prevention technologies, and the new generations: trends and opportunities for epidemic response.
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Grangeiro A, Ferraz D, Magno L, Zucchi EM, Couto MT, and Dourado I
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- Adolescent, Humans, Male, Brazil, Sexual Behavior, Gender Identity, Homosexuality, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV Infections drug therapy, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
The United Nations has underscored the possibility of ending the HIV epidemic as a public health problem. However, an increase in the incidence among adolescents and youth has indicated a greater distance between HIV responses and the specificities of the new generations, which can maintain the epidemic for an extended period. Regards this matter, it is debated that the provision of a range of preventive methods, even if highly effective, and a conservatism that has internalized stigma within government policies, hinder the proper and essential dialogue between current preventive policies and the needs of the new generations. These generations are marked by a social representation of AIDS as a mild disease, by new gender and sexuality performances, and by the search for a more critical role in affective and sexual encounters, which includes frequent use of dating apps and substances. The hierarchy of the delivery of prevention methods is presented as a proposal for a new policy, prioritizing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and addressing the social determinants of the HIV epidemic, including strategies to mitigate stigma. The importance of the participation of adolescents and youth in constructing the policy and the need for an intersectoral response are also reinforced.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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19. Forty years of the Brazilian response to HIV: reflections on the need for a programmatic shift and policy as a common good.
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Grangeiro A, Ferraz D, Magno L, Zucchi EM, Couto MT, and Dourado I
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- Humans, Brazil, Policy, Social Justice, HIV Infections
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Combination HIV prevention for adolescent men who have sex with men and adolescent transgender women in Brazil: vulnerabilities, access to healthcare, and expansion of PrEP.
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Dourado I, Magno L, Greco DB, and Grangeiro A
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- Male, Humans, Female, Adolescent, Homosexuality, Male, Brazil, Delivery of Health Care, Transgender Persons, Sexual and Gender Minorities, HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV Infections drug therapy, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome drug therapy, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. HIV risk perceptions and post-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in five Brazilian cities.
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Mathias A, Santos LAD, Grangeiro A, and Couto MT
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- Cities, Condoms, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, HIV Infections prevention & control, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
In the current context of the HIV epidemic, multiple prevention strategies including biomedical interventions have been presented as alternatives for vulnerable groups. This study investigated homosexuals' and bisexuals' perceptions of the risk of HIV infection and their experiences of using HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). We conducted a qualitative study with 25 men who have sex with men (MSM) in five Brazilian cities using semi-structured interviews. The results showed that the use of condoms was the main HIV prevention strategy employed by the respondents. In addition, condom failure, inconsistent condom use and intentional non-use are the main prompters of risk perception and the consequent decision to seek PEP. The respondent's perceptions and meanings of the use of PEP were mediated by prior knowledge of PEP. This work broadens the debate on the more subjective aspects of HIV prevention among MSM, especially those related to risk perception and the decision to use PEP in the context of combined prevention.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Usual source of healthcare and use of sexual and reproductive health services by female sex workers in Brazil.
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Matteoni TCG, Magno L, Luppi CG, Grangeiro A, Szwarcwald CL, and Dourado I
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- Brazil epidemiology, Female, Humans, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Pregnancy, Sexual Behavior, HIV Infections prevention & control, Reproductive Health Services, Sex Workers, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
The fact of having a usual source of care can improve access to health services and preventive activities. The article aimed to estimate the proportion of factors associated with usual source of care among female sex workers. This was a socio-behavioral survey with 4,328 female sex workers, ≥ 18 years, in 12 Brazilian cities. Female sex workers were recruited by the respondent-driven sampling method (RDS). A descriptive profile was performed of the female sex workers who had usual source of care and the association was analyzed between usual source of care and indicators of access to HIV prevention and reproductive health. As effect measure, the study used adjusted odds ratio (OR) in a logistic regression model. The data were weighted by the RDS-II estimator. 71.5% of the female sex workers reported having a usual source of care, and of these, 54.3% cited primary healthcare (PHC) as their main usual source of care. Among female sex workers 18-24 years of age, there was an association between usual source of care and having a Pap smear test (OR = 2.27; 95%CI: 1.66-3.12), seven or more prenatal visits (OR = 2.56; 95%CI: 1.30-5.03), and the use of a contraceptive method (OR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.09-2.46). Among female sex workers ≥ 25 years, there was an association between usual source of care and attending talks on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (OR = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.12-1.89), prior knowledge of post-exposure prophylaxis (OR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.02-1.71), and history of Pap smear test (OR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.54-2.40). The study's results showed that female sex workers have PHC as their main usual source of care. usual source of care can also positively impact care and activities in reproductive health and prevention of HIV and STIs in this population group.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. [From evidence to action: challenges for the Brazilian Unified National Health System in offering pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV to persons with the greatest vulnerability].
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Zucchi EM, Grangeiro A, Ferraz D, Pinheiro TF, Alencar T, Ferguson L, Estevam DL, and Munhoz R
- Subjects
- Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Brazil, Female, Humans, Male, Preventive Health Services, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Sexual Behavior, HIV Infections prevention & control, National Health Programs, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis methods, Vulnerable Populations
- Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been considered a promising strategy for controlling the global HIV epidemic. However, it is necessary to translate the knowledge accumulated from clinical trials and demosntration studies to the reality of health services and the groups most vulnerable to infection in order to achieve broad coverage with PrEP. The article proposes a reflection on this challenge, focusing on three dimensions: users of prophylaxis, with an emphasis on the contexts of sexual practices and the potential exposures to HIV; the advantages of prophylaxis as compared to other methods and the challenges for protective and safe use; and health services, considering the organizational principles to ensure greater success in the supply and incorporation of PrEP as part of combination prevention strategies. The following principles were analyzed: uniqueness of care, freedom of choice and non-hierarchization of prevention methods, sexual risk management, scheduling flexibility, and complementary and multidisciplinary care. These principles can foster organization of the health service and care, facilitating linkage and retention in care. Some comments were offered on the relative incompatibility between the existing structure of services and the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines for offering PrEP. The conclusion was that the success of PrEP as a public health policy depends on two essential factors: ensuring that health services are culturally diverse settings, free of discrimination, and the intensification of community-based interventions, including social networks, in order to reduce inequalities in access to PrEP and health services as a whole.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. New HIV prevention methods: recognizing boundaries between individual autonomy and public policies.
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Grangeiro A, Kuchenbecker R, and Veras MA
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- HIV Infections pathology, Humans, HIV Infections prevention & control, Public Policy
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The effect of prevention methods on reducing sexual risk for HIV and their potential impact on a large-scale: a literature review.
- Author
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Grangeiro A, Ferraz D, Calazans G, Zucchi EM, and Díaz-Bermúdez XP
- Subjects
- Condoms, Female, Humans, Risk Factors, HIV Infections prevention & control, Sexual Behavior
- Abstract
A spectrum of diverse prevention methods that offer high protection against HIV has posed the following challenge: how can national AIDS policies with high coverage for prevention and treatment make the best use of new methods so as to reverse the current high, and even rising, incidence rates among specific social groups? We conducted a narrative review of the literature to examine the prevention methods and the structural interventions that can have a higher impact on incidence rates in the context of socially and geographically concentrated epidemics. Evidence on the protective effect of the methods against sexual exposure to HIV, as well as their limits and potential, is discussed. The availability and effectiveness of prevention methods have been hindered by structural and psychosocial barriers such as obstacles to adherence, inconsistent use over time, or only when individuals perceive themselves at higher risk. The most affected individuals and social groups have presented limited or absence of use of methods as this is moderated by values, prevention needs, and life circumstances. As a result, a substantial impact on the epidemic cannot be achieved by one method alone. Programs based on the complementarity of methods, the psychosocial aspects affecting their use and the mitigation of structural barriers may have the highest impact on incidence rates, especially if participation and community mobilization are part of their planning and implementation.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Global targets, local epidemics: the ultimate challenge for AIDS in Brazil?
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Kuchenbecker R, Grangeiro A, and Veras MA
- Subjects
- Brazil epidemiology, Humans, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors in homeless people of Sao Paulo, Brazil, using a Rapid Test.
- Author
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Pinto VM, Tancredi MV, De Alencar HD, Camolesi E, Holcman MM, Grecco JP, Grangeiro A, and Grecco ET
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Brazil epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Syphilis Serodiagnosis methods, Time Factors, Urban Health, Young Adult, Syphilis epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Homeless people are a vulnerable group to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) with high prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis., Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of syphilis infection and its association with risky behaviors for STDs in a sample of homeless people, and to assess the feasibility of the use of rapid syphilis test (RST) in this population., Methods: Cross-sectional study, in a convenience sample of homeless people assisted in social support services of São Paulo, between 2006 and 2007. A structured questionnaire was applied and RST was performed. In addition, a blood sample for syphilis detection was also collected. The sensitivity and specificity of the RST was estimated using conventional laboratory diagnosis (VDRL + TPHA) as reference., Results: 1,405 volunteers were included in the study. The prevalence rate of syphilis was 7.0%, and was associated with homosexual practices (OR(adj) 4.9; 95%CI 2.6 - 9.4), prior history of STD (OR(adj) 2.6; 95%CI 1.7 - 4.0) and with self-referred non-white race (OR(adj) 1.9; 95%CI 1.1 - 3.4). The sensitivity and specificity of the RST for syphilis were, respectively, 81.4 and 92.1%., Conclusion: The high prevalence of syphilis infection among homeless people shows the need for actions for its control and the utilization of RST that can be considered an efficient strategy due to its sensitivity and specificity. Public Health policymakers must strengthen actions for syphilis control, with screening tests for syphilis and early treatment, decreasing morbidity with the improvement of sexual and reproductive health of the population in general and especially the most vulnerable.
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. [Prevalence and vulnerability of homeless people to HIV infection in São Paulo, Brazil].
- Author
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Grangeiro A, Holcman MM, Onaga ET, Alencar HD, Placco AL, and Teixeira PR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Brazil epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Syphilis epidemiology, Young Adult, Condoms statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections epidemiology, Ill-Housed Persons statistics & numerical data, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence and vulnerability of homeless people to HIV infection., Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 1,405 homeless users of shelters in the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, from 2006 to 2007. They were all tested for HIV and a structured questionnaire was applied. Their vulnerability to HIV was determined by the frequency of condom use: those who reported using condoms only occasionally or never were considered the most vulnerable. Multinomial and logistic regression models were used to estimate effect measures and 95% confidence intervals., Results: There was a predominance of males (85.6%), with a mean age of 40.9 years, 72.0% had complete elementary schooling, and 71.5% were non-white. Of all respondents, 15.7% reported being homosexual or bisexual and 62,0% reported having casual sex. The mean number of sexual partners in the last 12 months was 5.4. More than half (55.7%) of the respondents reported lifetime drug use, while 25.7% reported frequent use. Sexually-transmitted disease was reported by 39.6% of the homeless and 38.3% reported always using condoms. The prevalence of HIV infection was 4.9% (17.4% also tested positive for syphilis) and about half of the respondents (55.4%) had access to prevention programs. Higher HIV prevalence was associated with younger age (18-29 years, OR = 4.0 [95%CI 1.54;10.46]); past history of sexually-transmitted disease (OR = 3.3 [95%CI 1.87;5.73]); homosexual sex (OR = 3.0 [95%CI 1.28;6.92]); and syphilis (OR = 2.4 [95%CI 1.13;4.93]). Increased vulnerability to HIV infection was associated with being female; young; homosexual sex; having few partners or a steady partner; drug and alcohol use; not having access to prevention programs and social support., Conclusions: The HIV epidemic has a major impact on homeless people reflecting a cycle of exclusion, social vulnerability, and limited access to prevention.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. [The AIDS epidemic in Brazil and differences according to geographic region and health services supply].
- Author
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Grangeiro A, Escuder MM, and Castilho EA
- Subjects
- Brazil epidemiology, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome therapy, Cities epidemiology, Delivery of Health Care organization & administration
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify different profiles in the AIDS epidemic in Brazil by relating them to the health sector's organization, situations involving increased risk of infection, and the degree of implementation of the response by health services. The Brazilian municipalities (counties) were grouped according to the magnitude of the epidemic and its trends from 2002 and 2006, and were then studied using indicators obtained from secondary databases. Municipalities with large epidemics (39%) displayed more situations associated with risk of infection, and those with an upward trend in incidence (11.5%) showed a lower degree of response. Cities with large epidemics but with downward or stable trends had 68.6% of all the anonymous testing centers and 75.8% of the outpatient clinics, and performed 81.4% of all the HIV antibody tests in the health system. Preventive measures in schools and primary health services showed low coverage rates. Differences were observed between geographic regions. Inequalities in the degree of implementation of the response to HIV may contribute to different profiles in the epidemic around the country.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. [Professional background and experience of antiretroviral prescribing physicians in the State of São Paulo].
- Author
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Scheffer MC, Escuder MM, Grangeiro A, and Castilho EA
- Subjects
- Adult, Brazil epidemiology, Clinical Competence statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infectious Disease Medicine, Male, Middle Aged, Practice Patterns, Physicians' statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Specialization statistics & numerical data, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Clinical Competence standards, Drug Prescriptions statistics & numerical data, Practice Patterns, Physicians' standards
- Abstract
Objective: Analysis of the professional profile of physicians who prescribe antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to HIV infected persons in the State of São Paulo., Methods: Databases from different sources, namely Ministry of Health, São Paulo State Regional Medical Council, National Commission on Medical Residency and the Lattes platform, were consulted. Data concerning socio-demographic characteristics, academic and professional background and experience for the period from October 2007 to May 2009 were analyzed., Results: The regular ARV prescription for 74 thousand patients was issued by 1,609 physicians whose characteristics are: evenly distributed according to gender, aged between 30 to 49 years, live in the metropolitan area of Greater São Paulo, graduated 16.1 years ago on the average, come from 93 different Brazilian medical schools, hold a specialty diploma in 67.5% of cases, most of them in the field of Infectious Diseases (38.9%). The mean number of patients per physician was 10, though 51.6% of physicians prescribed for 20 or more patients. Of these physicians 62% reported specific knowledge or experience with HIV care, although 2.7% of all prescriptions were issued by physicians without this specific qualification. Regions of high AIDS incidence showed a smaller number of prescribing physicians. The cities of Registro and Ribeirão Preto showed the highest concentration of physicians lacking proper credentials., Conclusion: The absolute majority of HIV patients receives their prescriptions from duly trained and experienced physicians. Nevertheless, the large number of non-qualified physicians together with the reduced number of physicians in HIV high incidence regions make up the major challenge for comprehensive and adequate care of HIV patients.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Technological profile assessment of voluntary HIV counseling and testing centers in Brazil.
- Author
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Grangeiro A, Escuder MM, Wolffenbüttel K, Pupo LR, Nemes MI, and Monteiro PH
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Brazil, Chi-Square Distribution, Counseling, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Humans, Patient Care statistics & numerical data, Workforce, Community Health Centers organization & administration, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections prevention & control, Technology Assessment, Biomedical statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: To characterize and analyze technological profiles of voluntary HIV counseling and testing centers in Brazil., Methods: A structured self-completion questionnaire with 78 questions was used. This questionnaire was answered by 320 (83.6%) of the 383 Brazilian centers, in 2006. Responses that characterized the services' technological profile were analyzed using K-means clustering technique. Associations between the profiles described and the municipal contexts were analyzed using the chi-square and residue analysis for proportions, and ANOVA and Bonferroni for means., Results: Centers showed significant deficiencies to guarantee adequate services. A total of four technological profiles were identified. The 'care' profile (21.6%) predominated among the services instituted before 1993, in areas with high AIDS incidence and in large cities. The 'prevention' profile (30.0%), prevalent between 1994 and 1998, was the type that best complies with the Ministry of Health's norms, with better readiness and productivity indicators. The 'care and prevention' profile (26.9%), included in the AIDS services, predominated between 1999 and 2002, and developed the most comprehensive set of activities, including STD treatment. The 'testing' profile (21.6%) was the most precarious, found where the epidemic is most recent and with a lower number of people tested., Conclusions: Counseling and testing centers constitute a set of heterogeneous services. In addition, service implementation guidelines have not been completely incorporated in Brazil, thus having and influence on low resolution and productivity indicators and also the inadequate development of prevention activities.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. [Evaluation of tuberculosis control strategies in Brazil. Foreword].
- Author
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Barreira D and Grangeiro A
- Subjects
- Brazil, Developing Countries, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Health Policy, Humans, National Health Programs, Primary Health Care, Research Design, Program Evaluation methods, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary prevention & control
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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