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ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assess prediction models for production indexes in batches of growing pigs using performance regressors (period of the year and farm size). A database containing 663 records on the performance of pig batches (18.83 ± 4.37 to 111.26 ± 10.59 kg body weight (BW) at housing and finisher, respectively) from a private company was used to assess the following average animal characteristics: initial number of animals (INA), initial BW (IBW), initial age (IA), final BW (FBW), final age (FA), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data were categorized by period (P) of the year (P1 = Nov to Apr and P2 = May to Oct), and farm size (FS): 0 ≤ INA ≤ 1,000, FS1; 1,001 ≤ INA ≤ 2,000, FS2; 2,001 ≤ INA ≤ 3,000, FS3; and INA > 3,000, FS4. The analysis resulted in representing 58 % of the variance of FCR data. The INA impaired FCR, and having larger pig batches improves FCR and profitability. The FBW prediction errors ranged from 2.47 to 3.38 %. Feed conversion ratio prediction errors ranged from 3.27 to 4.47 %. Based on the joint criteria of non-bias and accuracy, the models for predicting the FBW of growing pig batches have practical value in animal science on account of their accuracy. In addition, increasing the initial number of housed pigs in batches affects the FCR regardless of the period of the year.

ABSTRACT: The text is the first English translation of Cirilo Villaverde’s 1839 “primitive” Cecilia Valdés, a short story that the author penned decades before publishing his canonical novel by the same name. The 1882 novel narrates the unwittingly incestuous relationship between the novel’s eponymous mulata heroine and her creole half-brother Leonardo Gamboa. Though the work enjoys high-canonical status, its textual history, tightly entangled with nineteenth-century Cuba’s racially fraught struggle for independence, is largely unknown to non-specialists. The translation is preceded by an introduction that discusses the short story’s relationship to the novel and the racial and political ideas present in the earlier text, as well as the translator’s efforts to render these paradigms legible to an English-language readership. keywords: Cirilio Villaverde, Cecilia Valdés, Cuba 19th century, Afrolatinidades, Latin American literature in translation, literary translation

Este estudo foi composto por dois experimentos conduzidos para avaliar os efeitos de dietas com baixo e alto teor de proteína bruta suplementadas até o quarto aminoácido essencial e dois cruzamentos comerciais sobre o desempenho zootécnico, concentração de ureia plasmática (CUP), viabilidade econômica, digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes, e balanço de nitrogênio em leitões iniciantes. No Exp. I, um total de 128 leitões (14,02 ± 1,96 kg de peso corporal inicial e 48 dias de idade) foram distribuídos baseado no peso corporal inicial em um delineamento de blocos casualizados com arranjo fatorial 2 × 2. Foram avaliados dois cruzamentos comerciais (DB e PIC) e duas dietas de proteína bruta (baixa proteína bruta, BPB, e alta proteína bruta, APB). Foram utilizados quatro tratamentos, oito repetições e quatro leitões por unidade experimental. Exp. II foi conduzido utilizando 24 leitões machos inteiros (20,00 ± 1,41 kg de peso corporal inicial) alojados em gaiolas metabólicas por 12 dias e distribuídos no mesmo desenho experimental do Expt. I (seis repetições). Os resultados do Exp. I sugerem que os leitões alimentados com APB apresentaram melhor desempenho zootécnico. Foi observado um aumento de 25,2% na CUP em leitões alimentados com APB. Houve aumento de 18,2% no índice de eficiência econômica quando os leitões foram alimentados com APB, e também foi observada redução no custo por kg de ganho de peso corporal. No Exp. II, os leitões alimentados com APB apresentaram maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, proteína e energia digestíveis, consumo e absorção de N. Não houve efeito dos cruzamentos comerciais sobre as variáveis de desempenho e metabolismo. Conclui-se que as dietas APB, independente da genética, promoveram melhorias no desempenho e no índice de viabilidade econômica, mas aumentaram a CUP nos leitões. Além disso, as dietas APB influenciaram positivamente a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e a ingestão e absorção de N.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess an alkaline protease supplemented in diets with and without crude protein (CP) reduction on performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), blood parameters, and carcass and meat traits in growing-finishing pigs. Forty male pigs (26.2±1.2 kg) were randomly allocated into one of five treatments: negative control (NC, 2% and 1% reduction of CP in grower and finisher phases, respectively, no protease); NC150: NC + 150 mg protease kg−1 diet; NC300: NC + 300 mg protease kg−1 diet; PC: positive control (no CP reduction and protease); and PC300: PC + 300 mg protease kg−1 diet, with eight replicates of one pig/pen. Pigs fed NC showed greater average daily feed intake (ADFI) than pigs fed NC300 or PC and lower ADFI compared to pigs fed NC150. Pigs fed PC had lower ADFI than those fed PC300. Greater average daily gain and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were observed in pigs on NC compared with those on NC300 or NC150 and NC300, respectively. Pigs fed PC showed better G:F than pigs fed PC300. Lower coefficients of ATTD (CTTAD) of dry and organic matter (OM), digestible dry matter (DDM), digestible organic matter (DOM), and digestible protein were observed in growing II pigs fed NC compared with pigs fed NC150 or NC300. Pigs fed NC showed a lower DP compared with PC or NC150. Positive control group showed increased digestible protein compared with NC. Finishing II pigs fed NC showed lower DDM, DOM, CTTAD of OM, and gross energy than pigs fed NC150 or NC300. Pigs fed PC showed greater albumin concentration compared with pigs fed PC300 in finishing II. Pigs fed NC and PC300 showed greater luminosity in the l. thoracis muscle than pigs fed PC. A greater color score was evidenced in the l. thoracis in pigs fed PC compared with pigs fed PC300. The dietary supplementation of isolated alkaline protease and CP-reduced diets improves ATTD without supporting pig performance.

Abstract Objective To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the residency of gynecology and obstetrics in São Paulo. Methods Cross-sectional study developed by representatives of residents of the Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the State of São Paulo (SOGESP, in the Portuguese acronym). Data were collected from questionnaires applied to gynecology and obstetrics residents registered on the SOGESP website in February 2022. The interviewees answered about the repercussions of the pandemic on medical residency and whether they had technical and psychological support during the period. Results A total of 247 questionnaires were collected from residents of gynecology and obstetrics. The residents had an age of 28.3 ± 3 years old, and most of them were female (88.4%). The displacement to COVID care was reported by 62.34% of the students, but only 35.6% reported completely adequate personal protective equipment and only 7.7% reported complete theoretical and technical instruction to support these patients. Almost all of the interviewees stated that the gynecology sector was the most affected. The majority of the interviewees considered that the second-year residents had the greatest loss, and more than half of the residents in the 1st and 2nd year said they wished to give up their residency during the pandemic. More than 80% of the residents reported online theoretical classes and/or presentation of articles, reinforcing the fact that virtual activities gained a greater space within the medical residency. Conclusion The pandemic impacted the residency in greater proportion in outpatient clinics and gynecological surgeries, also interfering with the physician's desire to continue with the program.

O processo de financeirização associado às tecnologias da informação tem impulsionado o avanço mercadológico nos diferentes setores da sociedade. A mobilidade urbana é um dos setores citadinos que mais tem sido impactado. Este trabalho objetiva discutir o conceito de micromobilidade urbana e o papel das instituições financeiras atuantes nesse setor na cidade de São Paulo (SP), com especial ênfase no caso da empresa Tembici (do Banco Itaú). A metodologia adotada neste estudo inclui revisão bibliográfica de produções científicas nacionais e internacionais, dados primários e secundários, qualitativos e quantitativos, obtidos através de trabalho de campo e relatórios. Buscamos interpretar os impactos territoriais das plataformas digitais discutidas, examinando diferentes usos do território e analisando a forma como essa empresa se insere no processo de expansão dos serviços de mobilidade. Os resultados revelam como o espaço urbano, impulsionado pelo uso da tecnologia por entidades financeiras, torna-se mercado lucrativo, afetando diretamente a mobilidade urbana.

We determined the impacts of light intensity, blood fraction, fasting and storage time on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations in 140 broiler chickens assigned to two light intensities (5 or 20 lux/m²) and seven fasting times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h). The collected blood was fractionated into serum or plasma and stored at -20°C for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days. Serum glucose concentrations declined linearly by 1.15 mg dL-1 every 2 h of fasting, whereas plasma glucose responded quadratically (minimum point at 8 h and 13 min of fasting). Serum ALT concentrations showed a quadratic effect, with a maximum point at 3 h and 46 min of fasting. Serum GGT concentrations were not influenced by fasting time, whereas plasma decreased by 1.60 IU L-1 at each 2 h of fasting. The AST concentrations were influenced by fasting. Storage times influenced the glucose concentrations in a quadratic manner, with maximum points in serum and plasma at 95 and 72 days, respectively. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increased linearly with storage time. Storage time caused a quadratic response on serum ALT, with a maximum point at 32 days, whereas there was a minimum point at 93 days in plasma. Concentrations of GGT increased linearly with storage. Glucose, triglycerides, AST, and ALT concentrations were highest at 20 lux. Samples for AST analysis can be stored up to 120 days at -20°C. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, and GGT analysis is indicated with a 6 h fasting time, without freezing. The light intensity should be specified.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the effects of replacement of an antibiotic (ANT, chlorohydroxyquinoline) in the diet of weaned piglets with a prebiotic composed of β-glucans, glucomannans, and mannan-oligosaccharides on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological parameters, pH of digestive content, organ weights, intestinal epithelium morphology, and intestinal bacterial counts. A total of 120 piglets (weaned at 21 d old; 6.32±0.10 kg BW) were allocated in a randomized block design, with six pens replicates and four piglets per pen as experimental unit. Treatments consisted of diets with 0, 1,000, 2,000, or 3,000 mg kg−1 of prebiotic and a basal diet with 120 mg kg−1 ANT. No differences of treatments were observed on performance, DO, pH of digestive content, organ weights, and hematological parameters. Duodenal villus density (VD) increased linearly with the prebiotic levels. In the jejunum, the prebiotic level of 2,000 mg kg−1 resulted in a greater VD compared with the ANT. Enterobacteriaceae count in the ileum and total and lactic acid bacteria counts in the cecum responded quadratically to increasing prebiotic levels. The equations estimated the prebiotic levels of 2,125, 1,167, and 1,500 mg kg−1 to provide reduced counts of the respective bacteria (ileal enterobacteria: 6.47 log CFU g−1; total cecal bacteria: 6.70 log CFU g−1; and cecal lactic acid: 7.29 log CFU g−1). Salmonella spp. was not detected, whereas Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp. gene copies were unaffected by the treatments. Prebiotic levels or ANT do not enhance performance or health of weanling pigs, but the effects observed on VD and microbiota profile might be an indication of the potential benefits of these products in commercial farming conditions.

Resumo Objetivo Mapear os cuidados em saúde do dispositivo Pegfilgrastim on-body injector na prevenção de neutropenia em adultos com câncer em assistência domiciliar após quimioterapia ambulatorial. Métodos Revisão de escopo baseada na metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute . Foram incluídos somente estudos com adultos com câncer submetidos à quimioterapia ambulatorial. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS , PubMed, Scopus, LIVIVO e Web of Science, além da literatura cinzenta ProQuest, Scielo, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, Google Scholar, Open Grey, bula do medicamento e websites . Foram esgotadas as buscas nas referências dos estudos elegidos. Todos os estudos identificados foram exportados para o gerenciador de referências EndNote para organização e remoção das duplicadas. Utilizou-se o aplicativo web Rayyan para seleção das evidências. Os estudos foram selecionados por pares e de forma independente, sendo os conflitos solucionados por um terceiro pesquisador. Resultados Foram incluídos 10 artigos cujos resultados foram subdivididos nas categorias: adesão do paciente, opinião da equipe de saúde, carga de trabalho do paciente em tratamento do câncer e uso do dispositivo na prática clínica. O dispositivo apresenta poucas falhas e foi aceito pelas equipes de saúde e pacientes na maioria dos estudos. Conclusão Os principais cuidados em saúde para o uso do dispositivo Pegfilgrastim on-body injector estão relacionados à técnica de preparo da pele onde o dispositivo será aplicado, o preparo e a administração do dispositivo. Além disso, salienta-se a importância da avaliação do conhecimento do paciente e seu familiar sobre o dispositivo, o fornecimento de todas as orientações necessárias, verbalmente e por escrito, de forma clara e objetiva, e a validação dessas informações, certificando-se que o paciente compreendeu todas elas e está seguro.

This study was conducted to assess the effects of functional oil (FO) blend on performance, blood metabolites, organ biometry and intestinal morphometry in piglets. A total of 128 crossbreed piglets (Landrace × Large White, 64 uncastrated males and 64 females, 21 d of age, and 6.79 ± 1.76 kg BW) were allocated in a randomized complete block design with two dietary treatments: a FO-free (FOF) diet or a diet based on added FO (1,500 mg/kg of diet with castor oil plus cashew nutshell oil). Piglets fed FO showed higher (p ≤ 0.05) average daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and final body weight after 23 d of study. For the total period, piglets fed FO showed greater (p = 0.007) feed conversion ratio. On d 23, higher serum total protein (p = 0.026) and globulin (p = 0.050) concentration, lower liver (p = 0.042) and stomach (p = 0.074) weight, and greater (p = 0.082) villi height (VH) in duodenum were observed in piglets fed FO. Nonetheless, piglets fed FOF showed greater (p = 0.054) ileal VH, but greater (p = 0.004) crypt depth (CD) in jejunum. Piglets fed FO showed higher VH to CD ratio in jejunum (p = 0.068) and duodenum (p = 0.074) on d 23 and 37, respectively. Based on the results, FO blend improved the performance of weaned piglets; however, it negatively affected the feed conversion ratio in the total period. Moreover, FO blend promoted changes in total protein concentrations and improvements in digestive and absorptive capacity assessed through VH to CD ratio, with a significant reduction in organs.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the addition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) to diets on the count of bacterial populations, pH of digestive organ contents, histopathological description, proinflammatory markers, hepatic glycogen reserve, and diarrhoea incidence of piglets challenged with Escherichia coli. Sixty-four crossbred piglets (7.16±0.28 kg body weight, 25-days-old) were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomised block design: negative control (NC), NC + antibiotic (ANT), NC + 15 mg IAP, or NC + 30 mg IAP kg−1 of diet, eight replications of two piglets per experimental unit. All piglets were orally challenged with 6 mL of a solution containing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 at 106 CFU mL−1 at 15 days of experimentation. The study lasted for 19 days. At the end of the experimental period, the piglets were slaughtered (six animals per treatment). Enterobacteriaceae in caecum and colon was lower in piglets on 30 mg IAP than with ANT and NC, ANT or 15 mg IAP, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae adhered to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) was greater in piglets fed ANT than the other treatments. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in caecum was greater in piglets fed NC and ANT. In MLN, LAB count was greater in ANT and 30 mg IAP-fed piglets compared with 15 mg IAP. Piglets in 30 mg IAP in diet showed a tendency for lowering tissue necrosis compared with NC or ANT. Piglets fed 30 mg IAP showed a reduction in diarrhoea incidence in the pre- and post-challenge compared with 15 mg IAP and all other treatments, respectively. Based on the criteria, addition of 30 mg IAP to diet inhibits Enterobacteriaceae population and suggests a potential effect in mitigating intestinal injuries, as observed in piglets in the NC for some of the parameters investigated.

The contribution presents a narrative synthesis of the literature on the concepts of poverty and well-being, assumed in their multidimensional character, considering the consequences of the pandemic emergency. The aim is to identify among the recent pedagogical literature the dimensions that should be addressed in order to develop educational pathways aimed at ensuring equality. We also intend to reflect on the role of teachers and educational communities to plan these pathways. The process of researching the literature on the adressed issues has produced a collection of 12 articles that have been analyzed using the software MAXQDA. Here we illustrate the multiple dimensions that emerged at the individual and community level, their interconnections and pedagogical implications for educational theory and practice.

The introduction of Law 92/2019 has renewed attention on the goals not only of Civic Education itself, but also of the whole school system, on its being truly democratic, equal and inclusive, issues that have become even more urgent with the emergence of the pandemic that has amplified inequalities. Already the 2016 Council of Europe document Competences for Democratic Culture had stressed the fundamental need to take «measures to tackle social inequalities and structural disadvantages». The paper presents a thematic analysis of the text of the law, the guidelines and the goals in order to identify, on the one hand, the fundamental conceptual cores that guided the legislator in the selection of the topics to be taught and its objectives and, on the other hand, whether and how the underlying concepts of citizenship and citizen are consistent with the urgent need to tackle growing social inequality.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of two types of drinkers on water intake (WI) and two types of toys on behavioural observations of piglets in the nursery phase. A total of 72 crossbred entire male piglets (Landrace × Large White, Agroceres and DanBred), weaned at 21 days of age, with an average initial body weight (AIBW) of 6.75 ± 0.19 kg were used. Two statistical models were fitted for WI. In model I, animals were distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a split-plot in time, composed of six treatments (2 types of drinkers × 3 experimental phases), eight replications (days of sampling), and 36 animals/experimental unit (EU), without using AIBW as a covariate. In model II, animals were distributed in a CRD with two treatments (fixed or pendular nipple drinkers), eight replications (days of sampling) and 36 animals/EU, with use of AIBW as a covariate. For assessment of behavioural observations, the model was adjusted in a randomized block design, consisting of four treatments [two types of toys (metal chain and plastic bottle) × two daytime periods (morning and afternoon)], nine replications and three blocks constituted in time (days), totalling four pigs/EU. The results indicated an effect on animal daily WI in the starter phase in model I (p < 0.000) and II (p = 0.006). There was an effect (p smaller 0.05) of toy type for behavioural observations, in which pigs showed a greater proportion of fighting and belly nosing when they had the bottle toy. However, animals spent more time (p smaller 0.05) eating, drinking water, overlapping, and playing with the toy when they had access to the chain toy. There was an increase (p smaller 0.05) in sleeping behaviour in the morning period, as well as greater (p smaller 0.05) behavioural activity in the afternoon period. In conclusion, WI of nursery piglets was positively influenced by growth phase, and the fixed drinker stimulated greater WI in piglets in the starter phase. In addition, the metal chain, as an environmental enrichment, promoted improvements in feeding behaviour and WI, reducing fighting events, and the afternoon period had increased behavioural observations overall.

O atual estágio de desenvolvimento das tecnologias da informação permite o crescimento exponencial das transações financeiras realizadas por meios digitais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir teoricamente, a partir de trabalhos acadêmicos nacionais e internacionais, sobre fintechs e bancos digitais, além de problematizar a expansão dos serviços financeiros e das finanças digitais pelo território brasileiro. Nossa metodologia consiste no levantamento de dados secundários, quantitativos e qualitativos, obtidos através de artigos científicos e relatórios sobre o tema. Desta forma, buscaremos interpretar quais são os impactos territoriais dos processos de digitalização financeira sobre diferentes usos do território. Assim, nossa base empírica de análise consiste na atuação da empresa de estacionamento rotativo Estapar no estado de São Paulo. Conclui-se que esta empresa se encontra inserida no processo de expansão dos serviços financeiros e das novas formas de pagamento digital.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crushed sugarcane in the diet on the performance, bone characteristics and intestinal morphology of slow-growing broiler strains. A total of 448 chickens at 35 days of age were allotted to two randomized blocks in a 4×2 factorial arrangement (levels of feed replacement with crushed sugarcane, on a fresh-matter basis: 0, 15, 30, and 45%) and two strains (Pesadão and Label Rouge (LR)). Two replicates were used per block over time (containing the treatments and the strains), and 14 individuals were used per experimental unit. Weight gain and feed intake decreased linearly in response to the increasing sugarcane levels. Feed intake was higher in the Pesadão strain than in LR. Chicken foot weight was lower in Pesadão than in LR. There were no effects of sugarcane levels or strains on the tarsometatarsal bone weight, breaking strength, maximum load and deformation. The dry matter (DM) content of the tarsometatarsal bone was lower in LR than in Pesadão. The replacement of feed with sugarcane induced a linear increase in bone ash content and a decrease in bone phosphorus and calcium contents. Label Rouge chickens showed a greater crypt depth and lower values of villus/crypt ratio and mucosal layer thickness. The performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens are negatively affected by increasing sugarcane levels in the diet. In addition, the increasing intake of sugarcane changes the bone mineral composition without reducing mechanical resistance, in both the Pesadão and Label Rouge strains.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of different probiotics to commercial diets for piglets on diet digestibility, total bacterial count (TBC) of faeces, Clostridium count and growth performance. In the digestibility assay, 24 entire male pigs with an average initial body weight of 18.8 ± 0.87 kg were housed individually in metabolism cages and distributed in a completely randomised experimental design; this consisted of three treatments (probiotic-free commercial feed; commercial feed with the addition of 0.2% probiotic containing a blend of microorganisms; commercial feed with the addition of 0.1% yeast-based probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii) and eight replicates. The digestibility of the feeds was determined. At the end of the experiment, 25 grams of faeces were collected for microbiological analysis. In the subsequent experiment, 150 crossbred piglets (entire males and females), weaned at 21 days of age and having an average initial body weight of 6.81 ± 0.71 kg were distributed in a randomised complete block design, with six treatments repeated twice in the first and thrice in the second block, totaling five replicates and five pigs per experimental unit. The treatments, arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisted of a combination of the three experimental diets used in the digestibility test and two genders. The growth performance in the nursery was evaluated during the following phases: pre-starter I (21 to 29 days), pre-starter I and II (21 to 40 days) and the total period (21 to 63 days). There was an effect (p < 0.05) of the diets on the digestible protein and the logarithm of the TBC. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of the interaction or the diets on the growth performance of the pigs in any of the phases. Both in the entire experimental period and in the pre-starter I and II phases, male pigs presented better feed conversion (p < 0.05) than females. There was an improvement in the apparent digestibility of the crude protein of the feed when the pigs were fed commercial feed containing probiotics. Pigs fed commercial feed containing probiotics based on yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii presented a reduced TBC in their faeces. Commercial feed containing probiotics did not influence the growth performance parameters of nursery phase piglets.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of including two types of crude glycerin (CG) in feed on plasma parameters, quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics, and the fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi pig muscle. Sixty-three commercial line pigs were used, with an average weight of 30.53 ± 1.59 to 59.55 ± 4.27 kg in the growing phase and 60.35 ± 2.25 to 89.91 ± 5.23 kg in the finishing phase. The pigs’ diet included two sources of CG (vegetable and mixed) at four inclusion levels (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%). One CG was derived from soybean oil (VCG) and the other from 80% animal fat + 20% soybean oil (MCG). The control diet contained 0% glycerin. Blood samples were collected at the beginning, middle and final phases of the trial. In addition, at the end of the finishing phase, the animals were fasted for 12 h and then sacrificed to measure the quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics and the fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi. The results indicate that in both phases there was a quadratic effect on plasma triglycerides. There was no effect on carcass parameters. A quadratic behaviour for pH24 h was obtained, with the lowest value attained at 1.05% CG inclusion. There was an interaction between the type of glycerin and the inclusion level in the diets for polyunsaturated fatty acids. VCG and MCG can be used at up to 12% inclusion because they cause no negative effects on carcass characteristics and pig meat quality.

In this study, the objective was to assess the growth performance, rectal microbiological profile, serum and immunological standards, and incidence of diarrhoea in piglets in the nursery phase fed diets with and without the addition of coated sodium butyrate 30% (SB). A total of 80 crossbred piglets (40 entire males and 40 females), with an average initial body weight of 9.47 ± 1.03 kg, were distributed in a randomised block design, with four treatments repeated twice in the two blocks and five piglets of the same gender per experimental unit. The treatments comprised a combination of two feeds, formulated based on corn and soybean meal with and without 0.1% SB inclusion as an additional product, and both genders, fed from of the pre-starter I diet. SB did not affect (p > 0.05) the growth performance and rectal microbiological profile of the piglets, but efficiently (p = 0.05) controlled the incidence of diarrhoea. The average values of the characteristics measured in the blood of the piglets were within the normal physiological parameters of the species. The inclusion of SB in commercial feed did not alter the growth performance and rectal microbiological profile of nursery piglets under low sanitary challenge conditions. However, the organic acid efficiently reduced gastrointestinal disorders that cause diarrhoea, with diarrhoea incidence rates of 2.68 and 4.46% for piglets fed with and without the inclusion of the additional organic acid, respectively.

Three experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value and the effect of acerola seed meal (ASM) for starter piglet diets on feed digestibility, nitrogen balance (NB), growth performance and blood metabolites. Twenty-four crossbred entire male piglets (21.07 ± 3.07 kg) were assigned to a digestibility assay (Exp. I) and distributed in a randomised block design (RBD) with two treatments composed of reference diet (RD) or test diet (20% replacement with ASM), 12 replications and with one pig per experimental unit (EU). An NB study (Exp. II) was conducted with four levels of ASM (0, 4, 8 and 12%) and 24 crossbred entire male piglets (20.78 ± 1.84 kg) allocated in an RBD of six replications and one pig per EU. The growth performance study (Exp. III) involved 120 crossbred piglets: 60 entire males and 60 females (13.85 ± 1.49 kg). Treatments consisted of a gender combination and five levels of ASM (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%), distributed in an RBD with six replications and four animals per EU. The physicochemical composition results indicated 86.12% of dry matter (DM), 8.03% of crude protein (CP) and 4,553 kcal kg-1 of gross energy (GE) as well as apparent digestibility coefficients of 39.04 and 28.21% for CP and GE, respectively. The levels of ASM that provided the maximum estimate for final body weight, daily body weight gain and average daily feed intake were 2.93% (p = 0.037), 3.05% (p = 0.040) and 4.27% (p = 0.043), respectively. ASM can be indicated as a dietary fibre source for starter piglet diets because it contains relevant nutritional and energy values, without affecting the nitrogen balance and blood urea concentration.

No hay nada evidente por sí mismo respecto de la migración «ilegal». Cuando las fronteras se convierten en el espectáculo de la muerte de los migrantes, los discursos de su «victimización» a mano de los «contrabandistas» nos distraen de las verdaderas causas de la ilegalización de los migrantes. Este breve ensayo descubre y visibiliza el espectáculo fronterizo que vigila, controla y determina la aceptación o rechazo de los migrantes. Esta situación – dentro del marco de secutirización de las fronteras – deja vulnerables a los migrantes, haciéndolos pasibles de ser explotados en la sociedad receptora. Esa situación contribuye también a la contribuye a la racialización de los migrantes. Palabras clave: Espectáculo fronterizo, victimización de migrantes, securitización, control de fronteras, migraciones. Não há nada autoevidente sobre a migração «ilegal». Quando as fronteiras se tornam um espetáculo das mortes de migrantes, os discursos sobre a «vitimização» dos migrantes pelos «traficantes» nos distraem das causas reais da ilegalização dos migrantes. Este breve ensaio descobre e visibiliza o espetáculo fronteiriço que vigia, controla e determina a aceitação ou rejeição dos migrantes. Esta situação – no contexto da securitização das fronteiras – deixa os migrantes vulneráveis, tornando-os susceptíveis de serem explorados na sociedade de acolhimento. Esta situação também contribui para a racialização dos migrantes. Palavras-chave: Espetáculo fronteiriço, vitimização de migrantes, securitização, controle de fronteiras, migrações. There is nothing self-evident about «illegal» migration. When borders become a spectacle of migrant deaths, discourses of migrants’ «victimisation» by «smugglers» distract us from the real causes of migrant illegalisation. This brief essay discovers and visibilises the border spectacle that police controls and determines the acceptance or rejection of migrants. This situation – within the framework of borders’ securitisation – leaves migrants vulnerable, rendering them liable to be exploited in the host society. This situation also contributes to the racialisation of migrants. Key Words: Border spectacle, victimisation of migrants, securitisation, border control, migrations.

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value of a dehydrated cassava co-product (DCC) and its effects on the performance and blood variables of piglets fed with different levels of DCC. In experiment I, a digestibility assay was performed and 30 whole-male crossbred piglets with initial body weight of 18.00 ± 0.673 kg were housed individually in metabolism cages and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and one animal per experimental unit. A reference diet was formulated to meet the category nutritional requirements and the different levels of DCC replacement (6, 12, 18 and 24%) were used to replace the reference diet and composed the treatments. In experiment II, 120 piglets (60 whole males and 60 females) were used, with initial body weight of 13.05 ± 1.59 kg, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and 4 animals per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of five feeds with increasing inclusion levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) of the DCC. The feed based on corn and soybean meal were formulated to meet the recommended levels in starting piglets feeding. The data were submitted for statistical analysis and, when presenting significant difference, the averages were compared by the Dunnet’s test at 10 % significance. In the digestibility assay, the values of DCC’s digestive energy and metabolizable energy of 3,022 and 2,984 kcal kg -1 in natural matter, respectively, were found. There was no significant effect (p > 0.10) of inclusion levels of DCC on the final weight and daily gain of weight however we observed a quadratic effect (p < 0.10) of the DCC levels on daily feed intake and feed conversion. For the analysis of blood parameters, the results showed that there was no effect (p > 0.10) of DCC levels on glucose and blood urea in the different treatments. The use of the dehydrated cassava co-product can be an energetic alternative to piglets in starting phase and can be used up to 12 %.

The study objective was to evaluate the performance and the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits of three different commercial pig lines. Seventy-two animals were included, 24 animals of each lineage, 36 females and 36 immunocastrated males, with an initial and final average weight of 26 ± 6.5 kg and 139.49 ± 4.05 kg, respectively. These animals were identified and distributed in randomised blocks in a 2 x 3 factorial analysis (two sexes and three lineages) with three replicates per treatment and four animals per experimental unit. The daily gain (kg), feed conversion (kg kg-1), daily feed intake (kg), carcass weight (kg), backfat thickness (mm), loin depth (mm), lean meat percentage (%) lean beef kilograms (kg), marbling, water loss by leaking (%), water loss by defrosting (%), water loss by cooking (%), shear force (kgf cm2 -1) and objective colour were measured. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means (Tukey’s test) of 5%. There was no interaction between factors, and evaluating the factors separately did not yield significant differences between the lineages for any of the evaluated parameters. For the gender factor, a difference was obtained only for loin depth during the growth phase, lean meat percentage and defrosting water loss. Overall, the evaluated commercial lines were similar and gender influenced some performance parameters.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the total replacement of soybean meal (SM) with extruded semi-whole soybean (ESWS) and its effects on feed digestibility, growth performance, plasma urea concentration (PUC) and economic feasibility. In Experiment I, a digestibility assay was undertaken using 12 crossbred pigs with an initial average body weight (IABW) of 18.85 ± 0.69 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD), with two treatments (reference diet and replacement of 30% of the reference diet by ESWS), six replicates and one pig per experimental unit. Experiment II involved 64 crossbred piglets, entire males, with an IABW of 7.46 ± 0.55 kg, distributed in a CRD, with two treatments (a control diet containing SM and another in which ESWS replaced SM), eight replicates and four animals per experimental unit. The digestible contents of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy of ESWS were 91.26%, 42.21% and 4,629 kcal kg -1, and the digestibility coefficients were 92.33%, 96.49% and 91.21%, respectively. Experiment II data indicated an effect on the feed conversion (FC) in the total period, in which pigs fed SM presented better FC. The diets affected the PUC in the pre-starter II phase and the total period, with pigs fed SM showing higher PUC. The cost of feed per kilogram of live weight gain increased in the starter phase. ESWS does not change the DWG and ADFI of piglets but worsens both the FC in the total period and economic results.

This study was carried out to evaluate the inclusion of two rice co-products in pig feed during the starter phase in terms of the nutritional value and digestibility of the co-products, and the effect on plasma parameters, growth performance and economic viability. In Experiment I, a digestibility assay was performed using 30 barrows (14.4 ± 2.4 kg body weight), which were distributed in a completely randomised design. The co-products studied were broken rice (BR) and hominy rice 3/4 (HR) to replace the reference diet (300 g/kg). The estimated digestible energy (DE) and metabolisable energy (ME) were 3,476 and 3,360 kcal/kg for BR and 3,487 and 3,362 kcal/kg for HR, respectively. In Experiment II, 108 pigs (15.5 ± 1.0 to 30.1 ± 1.3 kg body weight) were used, distributed in a randomised block design with a factorial analysis scheme (2 × 4), using two types of rice and four inclusion levels (160, 320, 480, and 640 g/kg), with six replicates and two pigs per experimental unit. Additionally, a control diet was used with no inclusion of the co-product. The daily weight gain increased and the feed:gain (F:G) ratio decreased as HR content of feed increased. An effect of both types of rice on plasma glucose concentration was obtained, in which the pigs fed with BR showed the highest values. The cost of diet per kilogram of body weight gain increased as BR levels in the diet increased. It was observed that inclusion levels of 480 and 640 g/kg of BR differed from the control diet, showing the highest costs. HR and BR can be used in pig feed in the starter phase at up to 640 g/kg without impairing performance.

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, objetivando-se determinar o valor nutricional do Coproduto Desidratado de Mandioca (CDM) e seus efeitos no desempenho e nas variáveis sanguíneas de leitões alimentados com diferentes níveis do CDM. No experimento I, realizou-se um ensaio de digestibilidade e foram utilizados 30 leitões híbridos, machos inteiros, com peso vivo inicial de 18,00 ± 0,673 kg, alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo, e distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos, 6 repetições e um animal por unidade experimental. Uma ração referência foi formulada para atender as exigências nutricionais da categoria e diferentes níveis de substituição do CDM (6, 12, 18 e 24%) foram utilizados para substituir a ração referência, compondo os tratamentos. No experimento II, foram utilizados 120 leitões (60 machos inteiros e 60 fêmeas), com peso vivo inicial de 13,05 ± 1,59 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos, 6 repetições e 4 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco rações com níveis crescentes de inclusão (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12%) do CDM. As rações à base de milho e farelo de soja foram formuladas para atender ao recomendado para suínos na fase inicial. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística e, ao apresentar diferença significativa, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Dunnet a 10% de significância. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram encontrados os valores de Energia Digestível e Energia Metabolizável do CDM de 3022 e 2984 kcal kg-1 na matéria natural, respectivamente. Não houve efeito (P > 0,10) de níveis de inclusão de CDM sobre o peso final e ganho diário de peso, no entanto observou-se efeito quadrático (P < 0,10) dos níveis de CDM sobre o consumo diário de ração e conversão alimentar. Para as análises dos parâmetros sanguíneos, os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito (P > 0,10) de níveis de CDM sobre a glicose e a ureia sanguínea nos diferentes tratamentos. O uso do coproduto desidratado de mandioca pode ser uma alternativa energética para rações de leitões na fase inicial, podendo ser utilizado até o nível de 12%.

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O transplante hepático é um procedimento complexo realizado em grandes hospitais, decorrente de alterações funcionais em todo o organismo, demandando completa infraestrutura hospitalar e equipe multidisciplinar altamente treinada. A partir dessa informação, objetivou-se realizar uma síntese e discussão das publicações científicas acerca das ações do enfermeiro frente ao paciente na lista de espera para transplante hepático, apontar as principais patologias que o leva ao transplante, as ações do cuidado de Enfermagem implementadas ao paciente em fila de espera, abordando os aspectos sociais, físicos e psicossociais e descrever os cuidados de preparo no pré operatório, visando a melhor evolução do paciente a ser transplantado. A presente revisão bibliográfica foi elaborada, contemplando livros, artigos científicos, revistas e sites governamentais, nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, SCIELO e PubMed publicados entre 2005 a 2015. A partir de 40 artigos encontrados, foram escolhidos nove relacionados ao tema proposto, concluindo que o enfermeiro em unidades transplantadoras é responsável pelo gerenciamento da assistência, atividades assistenciais, administrativas, ensino e pesquisa, sendo de extrema necessidade a criação de protocolos e manuais onde serão esclarecidas aos pacientes quaisquer dúvidas relacionadas a esse processo, atuando precocemente para, assim, gerar bons resultados no pós-operatório.

ResumoThis review aims at addressing the main issues related to genetic improvement applied to fish species with zootechnical potential, such as selection, genetic parameters and use of biotechnology as well as address the importance of this area of study for the expansion of aquaculture and its development trend. Fish breeding is one of the most important areas of study for fish production development. Important techniques are applied in order to advance genetic progress in fish breeding (e.g., individual selection, genetic parameters estimation and the use of biotechnology). Traditional breeding in fish farming has been conducted mainly through biometric analysis, which helps in choosing selection criteria and in the assessment of genetic parameters such as heritability and correlations between interesting traits. The use of biotechnology in fish breeding has been successful; it is an important strategy that allows breeding results to be achieved faster, although at a greater cost than traditional breeding. Fish breeding in Brazil is currently in its initial stages; however, it is a field with great growth expectations, and there is still significant research to be conducted in this area.AbstractEsta revisão tem como objetivo a abordagem dos principais aspectos relacionados ao melhoramento genético aplicado em espécies de peixes com potencial zootécnico, tais como seleção, parâmetros genéticos e utilização da biotecnologia, bem como abordar a importância desta área de estudos para a ampliação da aquicultura e sua tendência de desenvolvimento. O melhoramento genético é uma das áreas prioritárias de estudo para o desenvolvimento da produção de peixes. Assim, importantes técnicas são aplicadas visando à obtenção de progresso genético no melhoramento de peixes, como por exemplo, a seleção individual, a estimativa de parâmetros genéticos e o uso da biotecnologia. O melhoramento genético tradicional na piscicultura tem sido realizado, principalmente, por intermédio de análises biométricas, que contribuem para a escolha dos critérios de seleção e para a estimativa de parâmetros genéticos, como a herdabilidade e as correlações. A utilização da biotecnologia no melhoramento de peixes tem sido notável para a piscicultura, a qual é caracterizada como uma importante estratégia que permite que sejam alcançados resultados mais rápidos no melhoramento, embora os seus custos sejam maiores quando comparados aos métodos tradicionais. O melhoramento genético de peixes no Brasil está em uma fase inicial e corresponde a um campo de grande aumento de expectativas, havendo ainda muitos estudos a serem realizados nesta área.

The goals of this research were to estimate the phenotypic correlations among various meat quality traits from a male broiler line and to describe the relation among these variables. Phenotypical correlations were determined among quality traits, isolating the effects of slaughter date, the age of the mother and sex. The evaluated traits were pH measurements taken at time 0 and at 6 and 24 hours after slaughtering, color parameters, water loss due to exudation, thawing and cooking of the meat, and shear force. Important associations (P0.05) to the other traits of the meat, whereas the pH at 24 hours after slaughter was able of directly interfering with the attributes of the meat, since this trait was inversely related with lightness and water losses, which indicates an effect of pH fall along 24h after slaughtering on protein denaturation. This study demonstrates that the variables of poultry meat quality are related and that there is a phenotypical association between lightness and cooking losses and the other attributes of the meat. The pH at 24 hours after slaughtering, lightness and cooking losses could be efficient meat quality indicators in this broiler line.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estimar as correlações fenotípicas entre as características de qualidade de carne de uma linhagem macho de frangos de corte. Para tanto, foram determinadas as correlações fenotípicas entre essas características, isolando-se os efeitos de data de abate, idade da mãe e sexo. As características avaliadas foram: medidas de pH inicial, em 6 e em 24 horas após o abate, parâmetros de cor, perdas por exsudação, descongelamento e cozimento da carne e força de cisalhamento. A maioria das associações obtidas foi de intensidade fraca a moderada, porém significativa, com magnitude variando entre -0,35 e 0,28. O pH inicial da carne não esteve associado de modo importante com as outras características de qualidade de carne (P>0,05), enquanto o pH em 24 horas após o abate interferiu diretamente nos atributos da carne (P

Breast weight has great economic importance in poultry industry, and may be associated with other variables. This work aimed to estimate phenotypic correlations between performance (live body weight at 7 and 28 days, and at slaughter, and depth of the breast muscle measured by ultrasonography), carcass (eviscerated body weight and leg weight) and body composition (heart, liver and abdominal fat weight) traits in a broiler line, and quantify the direct and indirect influence of these traits on breast weight. Path analysis was used by expanding the matrix of partial correlation in coefficients which give the direct influence of one trait on another, regardless the effect of the other traits. The simultaneous maintenance of live body weight at slaughter and eviscerated body weight in the matrix of correlations might be harmful for statistical analysis involving systems of normal equations, like path analysis, due to the observed multicollinearity. The live body weight at slaughter and the depth of the breast muscle as measured by ultrasonography directly affected breast weight and were identified as the most responsible factors for the magnitude of the correlation coefficients obtained between the studied traits and breast weight. Individual pre-selection for these traits could favor an increased breast weight in the future reproducer candidates of this line if the broilers' environmental conditions and housing are maintained, since the live body weight at slaughter and the depth of breast muscle measured by ultrasonography were directly related to breast weight.O peso do peito possui grande importância econômica na indústria de frangos, podendo estar associado a outras variáveis passíveis de seleção. Estimaram-se correlações fenotípicas entre características de desempenho (peso vivo aos 7, 28 dias e ao abate e profundidade de músculo peitoral por ultra-sonografia), carcaça (peso eviscerado e de pernas) e composição corporal (peso do coração, do fígado e da gordura abdominal), em uma linhagem de frangos, e quantificou-se a influência direta e indireta destas variáveis sobre o peso do peito. Para tanto, utilizou-se a análise de trilha, desdobrando-se a matriz de correlações parciais em coeficientes que forneceram a influência direta de uma variável sobre a outra, independentemente das demais. A manutenção das variáveis peso vivo ao abate e peso eviscerado na matriz de correlações pode ser prejudicial à análise estatística que envolve os sistemas de equações normais, como a análise de trilha, devido à multicolinearidade observada. O peso vivo ao abate e a profundidade do músculo peitoral por ultra-sonografia apresentaram efeitos diretos importantes sobre o peso de peito e foram identificadas como as principais responsáveis pela magnitude dos coeficientes de correlação obtidos. Assim, uma pré-seleção individual para estas características pode favorecer um aumento no peso de peito nesta linhagem, se mantidas as condições ambientais de criação dos frangos, uma vez que o peso vivo ao abate e a profundidade de músculo peitoral por ultra-sonografia afetam fenotipicamente e diretamente o peso de peito.

Os parâmetros genéticos são ferramentas importantes para se conhecer melhor as características utilizadas nos programas de melhoramento genético e para a avaliação do plano de seleção empregado, permitindo o direcionamento das estratégias a serem aplicadas. As características de desempenho e de carcaça vêm sendo utilizadas como critério durante a seleção genética dos frangos, a exemplo do peso vivo, do peso de peito e da conversão alimentar. Entretanto, algumas características de composição corporal vêm trazendo entraves para a produção e a indústria avícolas, especialmente o peso da gordura e o peso do coração. Assim, nesta revisão, são abordados os principais aspectos relacionados aos parâmetros genéticos das características de desempenho, de carcaça e de composição corporal em frangos com o objetivo de proporcionar um melhor entendimento das conseqüências trazidas pelos esquemas de seleção empregados e suas implicações na cadeia produtiva destes animais.Genetic parameters are important tools to know better the traits used in animal breeding programs and for assessment of the employed selection plan. Then, these parameters allow the establishment of strategies to be used in these programs. The performance and carcass traits are being used as criteria during broiler genetic selection, as body weight, breast weight and feeding conversion ratio. However, some of the body composition traits represent obstacles for avian production and processing, especially fat content and heart weight. Thus, in this review, the main aspects related to genetic parameters of these traits in broiler are addressed to provide a better understanding of the consequences brought from selection schemes employed and its involvement on the avian production.

Possibility of high performance ceramics manufactured from commercial SiC powder of technical grade has been shown. Sintering behavior and microstructure formation under conditions of liquid phase sintering (LPS) with oxynitride sintering aids (AlN-Y2O3) of three SiC-based compositions have been investigated. Two of the compositions were based on Alcoa 1000 SiC powder of technical grade, and the third one, which was used as a reference, was based on H.C. Starck UF-15 fine grade commercial powder. Milling process used for Alcoa 1000 SiC powder granulometry improvement has been investigated in detail, while chemical treatment of milled SiC powders has been used for pick-up impurities removal. Dilatometric experiments showed that SiC powder of technical grade after appropriate treatment exhibits sinterability comparable with the fine grade SiC. Microstructural investigations performed on sintered samples showed that the final microstructure of the Alcoa 1000 SiC based materials was practically identical with the H.C. Starck SiC based reference ones. Preliminary investigations of hardness and fracture toughness were carried out revealing excellent results for the materials produced from cheaper, nationally produced starting powder.Neste trabalho é apresentada a possibilidade de obtenção de cerâmicas de SiC de alto desempenho a partir de matéria-prima comercial de grau técnico. Foi realizado o estudo de sinterização via fase líquida e desenvolvimento microestrutural de três composições à base de SiC tendo como aditivos de sinterização AlN e Y2O3 . Duas destas composições são à base de SiC-1000 da Alcoa, grau técnico, e a terceira, utilizada como referência, à base do UF-15 da H.C. Starck - Alemanha, pó comercial de granulometria fina. O processo de moagem do pó SiC-1000 da Alcoa foi acompanhado por medidas de distribuição granulométrica e posterior ataque químico, para remoção de impurezas. Os pós de grau técnico, após tratamento de moagem apropriado, apresentam sinterabilidade comparável à do pó de referência, em experimentos em dilatômetro. Os materiais sinterizados com matéria-prima à base de SiC da Alcoa apresentam microestrutura bastante similar aos obtidos com o pó de referência, da H.C. Starck. Foi feita análise preliminar das propriedades de dureza e tenacidade à fratura das cerâmicas desenvolvidas e os resultados obtidos para os materiais produzidos com o pó nacional são excelentes.

In view of considerable interest in the development of liquid phase sintered structural and high-temperature ceramics on the base of silicon carbide, a comprehensive review of the data on structure, properties and the known methods of processing of silicon carbide seems timely. The most striking feature of silicon carbide is its polytypism, i.e. formation of a great number of different structural modifications without any change in composition. Although this feature of silicon carbide was extensively studied, no systematic up to date analysis was done. However, polytypism and the tendency of the polytypes to undergo structural transformations at working temperatures may lead to uncontrollable modification of the materials properties, and therefore needs to be fully understood. Furthermore, the recently developed liquid phase sintering technique for silicon carbide densification is of an undoubtful interest and the overview of the results achieved until present time may provide some guidelines for the ceramists.Em vista do considerável interesse no desenvolvimento de cerâmicas estruturais e para aplicações em alta temperatura, é oportuna uma revisão quanto a estrutura, propriedades e métodos conhecidos de processamento de cerâmicas a base de carbeto de silício sinterizados via fase líquida. A característica mais interessante do carbeto de silício é o seu politipismo, isto é, a formação de um grande número modificações estruturais para uma mesma composição. Embora este fenômeno venha sendo extensivamente estudado, não se tem até o momento, uma análise sistemática do mesmo, o que seria de extrema importância, uma vez que o politipismo e a tendência à transformação estrutural destes politipos em temperaturas típicas de trabalho podem levar a incontroláveis modificações nas propriedades do material. Além disso, os recentes avanços obtidos na densificação do carbeto de silício através da técnica de sinterização na presença de fase líquida justificam uma avaliação dos resultados obtidos até o momento, que podem proporcionar alguma orientação aos profissionais da área.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os coeficientes de herdabilidade para os escores visuais de coração e de fígado em uma linhagem macho de frangos de corte. As análises dos dados foram realizadas através do método da máxima verossimilhança restrita e do método R, utilizando-se informações de 6167 animais. Os escores visuais de coração e de fígado não pareceram ser capazes de apresentar resposta à seleção, tendo em vista as estimativas de herdabilidade obtidas através do método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, que foram de 0,05±0,02 para ambas as características. Possivelmente devido à pouca variabilidade dos dados dos escores visuais de coração e de fígado, as análises realizadas pelo método R não atingiram convergência.

Resumo A expressão2 de maior ressonância das mobilizações, verdadeiramente sem precedentes, de imigrantes nos Estados Unidos em 2006 foi uma proclamação em massa de rebeldia coletiva: ¡Aquí estamos y no nos vamos! Este mesmo slogan foi frequentemente acompanhado por uma afirmação ainda mais vigorosa, incorrigível: ¡Y si nos sacan, nos regresamos! É impressionante e, como este ensaio sustenta, não apenas provocativo, mas até genuinamente produtivo notar a afinidade entre a articulação fundamental dessa política radicalmente aberta de presença migrante com as políticas abjetas semelhantes e profundamente desestabilizadoras da presença queer. De maneira muito semelhante ao slogan: “Nós estamos aqui, nós somos queer, acostume-se com isso!”, a proclamação dinâmica dessas frases no contexto das mobilizações de massa de migrantes comprova um espírito irredutível de irreverência e desafeição em relação ao poder do Estado. Ambos os gestos, sem restrições e sem remorsos, não atestam somente sua irreversível presença, mas sustentam também o desafio intransigente de sua intrínseca incorrigibilidade3.

ABSTRACT: The intense selection process for economic traits conducted by the poultry breeding programs has been caused several changes in broiler meat quality. A database belonging to a selection program of a broiler male line was used to estimate heritability and genetic correlations for feed conversion ratio and meat quality traits, which were: initial and final pH, lightness, drip loss, thawing loss and shear force. Two-trait analyses were performed and the components of co(variance) and genetic parameters were determined using the Bayesian approach and the GIBBS3F90 software. The heritability estimate found for feed conversion ratio (0.52) showed high influence of direct additive genetic effects on the expression of this trait; therefore, this trait is able to respond to selection. The genetic correlation estimates obtained (-0.50 to 0.33) were indicative of important associations between feed conversion ratio and meat quality traits. The selection to improve feed conversion ratio may cause injury in greater or lesser degree for L*, drip loss (DL), thawing loss (TL) and shear force (SF) in broilers. It is recommended the monitoring of consequences of feed conversion ratio used as selection criteria or meat quality traits in broilers, due to its unfavorable indirect selection for these variables in this population. Breeding methods for efficiency improvements in broilers feed are suggested, which also benefit sensorial and functional properties of the meat.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assess the effects of maternal dietary calcitic seaweed (CSW) on performance and blood metabolites of sows, and on performance, blood metabolites, intestinal microbiota, and parameters of gastrointestinal tract and bone of litters. On d 21 (post-insemination), non-pregnant sows were removed from the trial, remaining 19 sows in control group (without CSW) and 16 sows receiving CSW. Then, a total of 35 sows were allocated in a randomized block design with two treatments: control diet with calcitic limestone plus dicalcium phosphate (CTL) or CTL plus 0.4% CSW. In gestation, sows were fed twice a day (07:00 and 15:00 h) to reach an intake of 2.5 kg animal−1 day−1 divided into two equal meals. On parturition day, sows were offered only 0.5 kg feed animal−1. Throughout lactation, sows were fed three times a day (≅7 kg animal−1 day−1). All diets were provided as mash. Results suggested that sows fed CTL had litters with lower body weight at birth compared with those fed CSW. Sows fed CSW had 14.28% more live-born piglets and lower stillborns. Piglets from sows fed CSW showed greater calcium concentration on d 14 after birth than those from sows fed CTL. Sows fed CSW showed better milk chemical composition and an increase of 27.16% in milk production compared with those fed CTL. Piglets from sows fed CSW had an increase in cecum content in the Enterobacteriaceae count. This study showed that adding 0.4% CSW in the diet of pregnant and lactating sows as an organic calcium source positively influences the number of live-born piglets and the percentage of stillborns. In addition, milk composition and production are also improved without affecting piglets’ biological response.

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa descritiva que contou com a participação de crianças, estudantes de duas diretorias da rede de ensino público estadual paulista: a DRE “Leste 3” na região metropolitana de São Paulo, com 824 respondentes, e a DRE de Taquaritinga, no interior paulista, com 225 crianças que responderam à pesquisa, totalizando 1049 participantes. O objetivo foi identificar os níveis de empatia apontados por estudantes dos anos iniciais. Para isso, utilizamos um questionário com perguntas fechadas, dividido em duas partes: na primeira, contendo 13 perguntas, buscamos identificar o perfil do estudante e, na segunda, com oito questões, objetivamos visualizar os níveis de empatia. O questionário foi construído por membros do GEPEM - Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação Moral a partir da literatura atual. As alunas e os alunos responderam de maneira online, por meio de um formulário do Google Forms. Os resultados indicaram o quanto as crianças sinalizam conseguirem se sensibilizar com o sentimento dos colegas e mostra que o autocontrole ainda está em construção nesta etapa do desenvolvimento entre as crianças participantes da investigação.

Abstract The goal of this study was to assess the effect of farm size (FS) and farrowing order (FO) on the occurrence of endoparasites eggs in commercial sows housed in maternity and gestation areas during the period from May to July 2014. Forty-three piglet production units were classified by FS: small (100 to 250 sows), medium (251 to 510 sows), large (511 to 1,000 sows) and very large (more than 1,000 sows). Sows were classified by FO: up to two, three to five or more than five parturitions. Faecal samples were processed using the simple flotation technique in a hypersaturated salt solution (30-35% NaCl). The results revealed that the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasites obtained in this study was 12.47%, in that 4.64% were positive for Ascaris suum, 0.56% for Trichuris suis and 8.27% for coccidia oocysts. The prevalence of endoparasites obtained for small and medium size farm, and for large and very large farm was 34.58% and 15.52%, respectively. In conclusion, the study shows that more than half of the farms were positive for A. suum and coccidia oocysts, but mainly for younger females. In general, sows with up to two parturitions and small farms showed a higher endoparasites percentage.

Objective: to analyze the evidence available in the literature about postoperative complications in adult patients undergoing surgical procedures with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2. Method: an integrative literature review conducted in the CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as in the gray literature. The references identified were exported to the EndNote manager and, subsequently, to the Rayyan web application for study selection. The stages of sampling, categorization of studies, evaluation of the studies included, interpretation of the results and knowledge synthesis were performed by two reviewers independently and in a masked manner. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: of the 247 articles identified, 15 were selected to comprise this review. The prevalent postoperative complications in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were the following: cough, dyspnea and hypoxia, need for invasive mechanical ventilation or not, admission to the intensive care unit and death. Conclusion: the most reported postoperative complications in the studies evaluated were respiratory-related, followed by cardiovascular complications. The importance of preoperative screening for COVID-19 is highlighted, as well as of the monitoring and tracking of confirmed cases in the postoperative period, as these actions exert an impact on reducing the occurrence of complications related to SARS-CoV-2.

Embora o bullying ocorra nas relações paritárias, sua prevenção e superação na escola demandam intervenção de docentes, que precisam ser capazes de levar estudantes à consciência do conteúdo moral em jogo numa situação de vitimização: isso requer dos professores conhecimento sobre valores implicados nesta violência, sensibilizando-se diante dela. Todavia, estudos evidenciam que muitos professores responsabilizam os alvos pelas situações de maus tratos ou deslocam a responsabilidade de intervir para as famílias: para tanto, valem-se de desengajamentos morais através dos quais diminuem ou refutam o problema, impossibilitando ações para superá-lo. Assim, objetivamos validar instrumento de pesquisa capaz de identificar as formas mais recorrentes de Desengajamento ou Engajamento Moral manifestas por docentes. Após ampla revisão da literatura, elaboraram-se duas histórias caracterizando situações envolvendo alvo típico e provocador, seguidas de 14 itens avaliativos adequados às oito formas de Desengajamento Moral definidas por Bandura e três formas de Engajamento Moral construídas para esta pesquisa. Após a Análise de Componentes Principais, aplicou-se o instrumento a uma amostra de 921 professores de escolas brasileiras e espanholas. Os resultados demonstraram a aceitação do modelo teórico proposto, cargas fatoriais significantes nos diferentes fatores e adequada fidedignidade do instrumento.

Este artigo analisa o uso do romanesco, a variedade dialetal urbana de Roma, no cinema italiano do pós-guerra, utilizando três fi lmes como corpus de referência: Roma città aperta (1945), de Roberto Rossellini; Il sorpasso (1962), de Dino Risi; e Viaggi di nozze (1995), de Carlo Verdone. Os objetivos principais são: a) observar o uso do romanesco nos fílmes dos três períodos históricos abordados, tendo o apoio teórico de Sergio Raffaelli (1992), Eusebio Cicotti (2001) e Fabio Rossi (1999, 2006, 2007); b) verifi car o grau de formalidade/informalidade das falas fílmicas. O critério de seleção dos três fi lmes foi a presença dos fenômenos fonéticos, considerados reveladores da variação diafásica. A maior ou menor frequência de tais traços permitiu identifi car o nível de formalidade/informalidade nas falas dos atores de cada fi lme e constatar como se manifesta o continuum linguístico romano.

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os aspectos da dinâmica dos sedimentos finos em suspensão nas bacias dos rios Jundiaí e Capivari (SP), para o entendimento dos processos de erosão mecânica que ocorrem nas duas bacias estudadas, e investigar a origem da matéria orgânica dos sedimentos finos em suspensão utilizando os parâmetros de referências (end-members), a fim de evidenciar a influência das diferentes atividades relacionadas ao uso e ocupação do solo. Foi possível verificar que apesar do tempo de residência e a correlação linear entre o FSS e a vazão dos rios Jundiaí e Capivari serem considerados rios de pequeno porte, o transporte dos sedimentos finos em suspensão demonstrou uma erosão média a alta, respectivamente, associada principalmente ao uso e ocupação de solo existente nas bacias. Utilizando as razões isotópicas (C/N) e o d13C verificou-se que apesar da influência da erosão mecânica nas bacias, as matérias orgânicas, presentes nos sedimentos finos em suspensão, são de esgotos domésticos lançados em ambos os rios sem tratamento prévio.

Chi si occupa di memoria sa che essa può essere uno strumento per apprendere dal passato. La lettura di varie corrispondenze formali (telespressi e lettere) tra autorità italiane e statunitensi, e in particolare tra il Ministero Affari Esteri e l’Ambasciata italiana a Washington nel periodo 1943-1945, sulla complessa questione dei prigionieri di guerra italiani negli Stati Uniti, ha dato ragione a questo uso della memoria. Dal drammatico contesto storico-culturale del periodo in esame al lettore è apparsa la stessa contraddizione e la stessa rabbia che tutti noi, nonostante gli affanni quotidiani, la voglia di emergere, di andare oltre il muro di gomma che ci imprigiona, ci troviamo nel dover accettare ciò che non abbiamo scelto: anzi, avessimo potuto, avremmo scelto proprio il contrario. La storia d’altra parte rappresenta l’intera umanità e spesso la viviamo da contemporanei degli eventi, ma non la influenziamo: partecipiamo da comparse, quasi da ignari spettatori, da cui frustrazione e insicurezza. Siamo parte di qualcosa, di situazioni determinate da altri che non comprendiamo; vorremmo agire ma non ci riusciamo, altri lo fanno ma è qualcosa di diverso che non ci piace perché quasi sempre segue la logica del più forte. Quest’ansia ci divide e ci fa perdere la fragile solidarietà che ci unisce, vivendo emozioni diverse e molte volte opposte; proprio come fecero i militari italiani prigionieri in America che, secondo l’opinione degli storici, ebbero un trattamento migliore rispetto ai militari prigionieri degli altri alleati. L’affermazione è vera se la consideriamo nel suo aspetto organizzativo logistico complessivo, falsa o parzialmente falsa se ci concentriamo sull’aspetto psicologico e morale delle singole esperienze della diversa tipologia dei prigionieri, in relazione al loro livello di collaborazione con l’offerta organizzativa americana, che comunque non teneva in nessun conto la situazione morale dei prigionieri; ciò che era importante per il Governo statunitense era imporre i propri interessi, il proprio modello organizzativo. Varia la reazione degli italiani: la maggior parte scelse di collaborare, altri si rifiutarono di farlo, ispirati dagli stessi principi di coerenza, naturalmente a differenti valori. Comune il senso di delusione verso una patria che avevano servito in armi, dalla quale si sentivano abbandonati. L’Italia subiva un’ulteriore sconfitta da parte dei suoi stessi militari prigionieri in America. Dall’altra parte emerge chiaro il modello politico-militare americano, fondato su valori democratici che vanno accettati, magari dopo lunghi confronti che comunque portano sempre alla ragione del più forte. Dai campi di prigionia americani emerge una dipendenza politico-culturale dell’Italia verso gli Stati Uniti, che ancora oggi, con diversi sentimenti, viviamo tra chi condivide e sposa senza condizioni il modello culturale e una democrazia da “commercializzare” e chi invece li subisce, senza capacità di cambiare né di partecipare. C’è però una novità: l’attuale leadership politica degli Stati Uniti, con il suo ostentato neonazionalismo, porterà probabilmente ad un nuovo loro isolazionismo, che potrebbe favorire una maggiore consapevolezza delle nostre capacità nazionali. Tutto questo è emerso dalla memoria, riportando alla luce le vicissitudini dei prigionieri militari italiani con le loro aspettative, realizzate e deluse, le loro contraddizioni e il loro sacrificio. Sono stati elaborati i ricordi con l’intento di migliorare le nostre prospettive future.

Para a caracterização físico-química da carga dissolvida dos rios Jundiaí e Capivari, foram quantificadas, durante o período de abril de 2011 a dezembro de 2012, as concentrações dos principais parâmetros físico-quimicos, pH, condutividade elétrica, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, associadas às respectivas vazões instantâneas nas águas fluviais dos rios Jundiaí e Capivari, próximos às nascentes e à foz. Foi possível verificar que o pH variou próximo à neutralidade da nascente para a foz dos rios Jundiaí e Capivari, não apresentando padrão de diluição, enquanto a variabilidade da temperatura das águas para ambas as bacias de drenagem foi influenciada principalmente por fatores externos. As concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio nas águas da foz dos rios Jundiaí e Capivari se mostraram em desacordo com os limites de referência estabelecidos pelo CONAMA 375/05, indicando influência antrópica nas áreas próximas às nascentes de ambos os rios estudados e maior antropização na foz do rio Jundiaí em comparação com a foz do rio Capivari. A condutividade elétrica se mostrou elevada na foz dos rios estudados, e sua variabilidade em função da vazão permitiu o ajuste de modelos de potência, evidenciando influência antrópica mais efetiva na bacia do rio Jundiaí, sendo observados também indícios de degradação hídrica nas áreas próximas às nascentes dos rios Jundiaí e Capivari pela variabilidade do oxigênio dissolvido em função da temperatura.