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ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the influence of the annual behavior of some environmental factors and plant densities on Chrysanthemum plant growth. Four Chrysanthemum cultivars were grown at five densities and established a total of 23 experiments in 2018. The plant and climatic variables determined were the dry weight, height, flower buds, growing degree days (GDD) and daily light integrated (DLI) of each crop cycle of each assay, respectively, as well as the relative humidity. The effect of density on plant growth, as determined by crop cycles established throughout the year, was analyzed graphically and through analysis of variance, followed by a Scheffe post hoc test. It used the multivariate analysis to cluster the crop cycles identified by its week of planting and according to the similarity of plant variables and climatic. The growth reached by the crop cycles under the treatments in all cultivars along the year showed an unimodal behavior. The multivariate analysis lets us define two seasons (I, II) exhibiting significant differences in plant growth and climatic variables behavior. Period I had drier conditions and higher radiation than II and DLI was the most limiting factor in plant development, while the GDDs did not influence it.

Controlled infection systems constitute a valuable tool in the study of pathosystems, as they enable the observation and measurement of specific characteristics with greater precision and ease compared to natural conditions. Additionally, they are useful for exploring and identifying sources of resistance in host populations. However, the plant's response to infection can vary depending on the inoculation method; invasive methods can damage plant parts, thus facilitating pathogen entry even in the presence of certain resistance mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of an artificial infection protocol and an assessment scale for primary symptoms at the stem base/root collar, as well as secondary symptoms in leaves and roots of two Passiflora species. We evaluated the effects of inoculating planting substrates of sweet granadilla and purple passion fruit plants with three concentrations of F. solani f. sp. passiflorae (0.5 × 106, 1 × 106, and 2 × 106 conidia gram-1 of substrate), using non-inoculated plants as controls under controlled conditions. These treatments were tested in two separate experiments performed in 2017 and 2020. The study included symptom development readings integrated in a disease severity index (SI) for collar rot. Both experiments showed severity indices greater that 56%, indicating a high level of efficacy of the inoculation system for replicating disease symptoms in greenhouse settings. Our inoculation method reflects the conditions of natural infection of F. solani in sweet granadilla and purple passion fruit plants; it could be suitable for epidemiological and disease control studies, as well as for routine germplasm screening to identify sources of resistance.

ABSTRACT Tomato cultivation in a protected environment is an important tool for increasing yield, quality, and regularity of production. However, nutrient imbalance in this production system can lead to short-and long-term losses. This study aimed to characterize plant growth and nutrient accumulation and export of two tomato hybrids of the Salad (‘Stella TY’) and Italian (‘HS 1188’) groups in a protected environment and determine the accumulated thermal sum. The treatments consisted of evaluation times. Dry mass and nutrient accumulation could be determined by a sigmoidal non-linear model for both hybrids grown in the protected environment. The cumulative nutrient order was K > Ca > N > S > Mg > P > Mn > Zn > Fe > Cu > B for ‘Stella TY’ and K > N > Ca > S > P > Mg > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > B for ‘HS1188’, with yields of 105.7 and 103.4 t ha−1, respectively. The accumulated thermal sum was 1851.7 degree days at 126 days after transplanting (DAT).

Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, 1960 (Tetranychidae) is a phytophagous mite with wide distribution and high importance for agriculture. This study reports the occurrence of T. evansi in Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, Nicotiana forgetiana Sander ex W. Watson (Solanaceae) and their putative hybrids in a greenhouse in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Different stages of development of T. evansi were found in N. alata and N. forgetiana and in their putative hybrids.

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of growing season and nitrogen doses on the pickling cucumber. This work was carried out in a greenhouse at the Federal Institute of Goiás (IF Goiano) - Campus Urutaí. A randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme with four replications was used. Two growing seasons (the first sown in January and second in April) and five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1 of N) were evaluated. The seed of pickling cucumber used was the Kybria F1 hybrid. Nitrogen doses were applied at 15, 30, and 45 days after plant emergence. Each plot was composed of 10 plants, and the four central plants of each plot with a spacing of 0.2 m between plants and 0.8 m between rows were evaluated. Leaf nitrogen content, relative chlorophyll index, stem diameter, length and diameter of fruits, fresh and dry matter of fruits, the fresh matter of shoot, number of fruits, and yield per plant were evaluated. The growing seasons and nitrogen doses influenced the productive traits of the cucumber crop. The first growing season of the cucumber crop shows satisfactory results in terms of yield components at a dose of 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen.

A produção brasileira de café representa uma importante atividade no setor agrícola do país e, por isso, requer tecnologias inovadoras para a produção de mudas, um dos mais importantes insumos na implantação das lavouras. Assim, a clonagem de plantas por estaquia, a nutrição mineral via hidroponia modificada e o uso de substratos alternativos aparecem como inovações tecnológicas para a produção de mudas. O presente estudo avaliou a produção de mudas clonais de café em sistema hidropônico modificado em comparação ao sistema convencional de estufa de clima controlado, utilizando vermiculita e espuma fenólica como substratos alternativos. Ao final do experimento, as mudas foram analisadas quanto ao crescimento (altura, diâmetro do caule, número total de folhas, área foliar, área radicular, matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz) e fisiológicas (teor de clorofila e condutância estomática). Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (CRD) em esquema fatorial 2 (tipos de substrato) x 2 (sistemas de cultivo) com seis repetições e dez plantas por parcela. O inovador sistema hidropônico modificado leva a um maior crescimento das mudas de café produzidas por estacas em tubetes com vermiculita em relação às produzidas nos sistemas convencionais. O substrato “espuma fenólica” pode ser utilizado alternativamente no sistema de estufa com ar condicionado. Porém, no sistema hidropônico modificado, não é indicado, pois causa mortalidade total de plântulas. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado (CRD) foi utilizado em esquema fatorial 2 (tipos de substrato) x 2 (sistemas de cultivo) com seis repetições e dez plantas por parcela. O inovador sistema hidropônico modificado leva a um maior crescimento das mudas de café produzidas por estacas em tubetes com vermiculita em relação às produzidas nos sistemas convencionais. O substrato “espuma fenólica” pode ser utilizado alternativamente no sistema de estufa com ar condicionado. Porém, no sistema hidropônico modificado, não é indicado, pois causa mortalidade total de plântulas. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado (CRD) foi utilizado em esquema fatorial 2 (tipos de substrato) x 2 (sistemas de cultivo) com seis repetições e dez plantas por parcela. O inovador sistema hidropônico modificado leva a um maior crescimento das mudas de café produzidas por estacas em tubetes com vermiculita em relação às produzidas nos sistemas convencionais. O substrato “espuma fenólica” pode ser utilizado alternativamente no sistema de estufa com ar condicionado. Porém, no sistema hidropônico modificado, não é indicado, pois causa mortalidade total de plântulas. O substrato “espuma fenólica” pode ser utilizado alternativamente no sistema de estufa com ar condicionado. Porém, no sistema hidropônico modificado, não é indicado, pois causa mortalidade total de plântulas. O substrato “espuma fenólica” pode ser utilizado alternativamente no sistema de estufa com ar condicionado. Porém, no sistema hidropônico modificado, não é indicado, pois causa mortalidade total de plântulas.

ABSTRACT: The use of plastic mulching and high frequency hydroponic drip irrigation (intensive production methods) watering cycle may increase tabasco pepper crop production per unit area. To test this hypothesis, two randomized block experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a 2 × 4 factorial scheme with two contrasting soil types (sandy loam and loamy soil), two mulching conditions of soil cover (SC), and no soil cover (NC) at four frequencies: 1, 3, 12, and 24 irrigations every three days. The growth and yield pepper components were evaluated and the water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated. Mulching did increase fruit dry mass percentage (FDMP), WUE, and potassium use efficiency (KUE) in sandy loam soil. The greater frequency fertigation did not increase fruit fresh mass (FFM), number of fruits (NF), fruit average mass (FAM), fruit dry mass (FDM), FDMP, or WUE in sandy loam and loamy soils. Tabasco pepper has a permanent shrub growth habit that is somewhat different from horticultural crops, besides it is usually responsive to high frequency irrigation under vegetative intensive growth.

Copyright of Revista IRRIGA - Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Revista IRRIGA (Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Production is quality seedlings, for any crop, is critical to the success of production. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the development of tomato seedlings, Santa Cruz variety, in different types of substrates. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, FAFRAM campus, in the municipality of Ituverava, SP, from December 2017 to January 2018. The design was completely randomized (DIC), with five treatments, with TN Gold commercial substratum, being therefore the following treatments: Substrate + bovine manure; substrate + sand; substrate + washed sand + bovine manure;soil of ravine and control (substrate only) and 40 replicates per treatment. The evaluated characteristics were number of leaves, shoot length, root length, stem diameter and emergence of seedlings. The averages were compared by the TUKEY test, 5% probability by the ESTAT software. The substrate treatment + washed sand + bovine manure presented the best results in all the characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to carry out an economic analysis of the use of protected environments and different volumes of containers in the cultivation of lettuce in an organic production system. The experiments were carried out in two protected environments: greenhouse covered with polyethylene and open on the sides and greenhouse covered with polyethylene closed anti-insect screen, in both, the experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments (container volumes): 70, 160, 250, 340 and 430 cm³. The protected environments were in an greenhouse covered with polyethylene open at the sides and a greenhouse covered with polyethylene closed at the sides with anti-insect screen. In order to evaluate the economic analysis, productivity and costs were used for each m2 of cultivation and the local price for the lettuce and inputs was considered in the last quarter of 2017, considering a 3% administration cost and a 6% opportunity cost, depreciation of infrastructure and land costs. There was profit above the minimum rate (6% p.a.) in all treatments, except the one with 70 cm³ recipient in an greenhouse with anti-insect screen, in an greenhouse without anti-insect screen, the 250 cm³ recipient produces the best economic indicators among all treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dichromothrips corbetti (Priesner, 1936) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): a new quarantine pest in orchids in Brazil Dichromothrips corbetti (Priesner, 1936), listed as quarantine pest by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Specimens were first detected in the state of Bahia causing chlorosis and deformation on leaves, flowers and flower buds of Vanda and Mokara and Aranda orchids. This thrips species is native to Southeast Asia, but widely reported in countries of Europe and Oceania. This is the first record of D. corbetti in South America.

Rootstocks of ‘Rangpur’ Lime and ‘Swingle’ Citrumelo were grown in containers with substrate in a greenhouse, aiming to evaluate the effects of N (urea) fertilization on the vegetative growth and macronutrient content of the plant tissue. The experimental design was a factorial randomized block design with four repetitions, and each experimental plot was composed of five plants. Four doses of N (0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 g.plant-1) were evaluated and applied every week (15 applications) to both of the rootstocks. After 200 days of transplanting, the following parameters were evaluated: vegetative growth and total content of macronutrients on the dry weight of the leaves, stems, and roots. ‘Rangpur’ Lime was more vigorous that ‘Swingle’ Citrumelo. ‘Rangpur’ Lime showed the greatest accumulation of plant dry weight with 3.38 g.plant-1 of N and a greater root dry weight with 2.03 g.plant-1. For ‘Swingle’ Citrumelo, 2.03 g.plant-1 of N provided a greater plant dry weight, however, nitrogen fertilization reduced the root:canopy ratio of the rootstocks. The leaf content of N and P were favored by high doses of N in the tested range. Intermediate doses favored the Ca and Mg leaf contents. The leaf K content was decreased by nitrogen fertilization.

To explore the relationship between environmental factors in a greenhouse on sunny/cloudy days, an environmental factor model was developed using path analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The environmental factors studied include greenhouse air temperature (GAT), greenhouse air humidity (GAH), soil temperature (ST), soil humidity (SH), greenhouse radiation (GR), and carbon dioxide concentration (CDC). The results showed that on a sunny day, the models can describe the GAT and GAH well (R2=0.957, 0.936), and the model’s tested determination coefficient was above 0.87. However, due to the delay and other main control factors of ST and SH, the models’ determination coefficient was poor (R2=0.587, 0.625). However, there was a fifth-order polynomial fitting relationship between ST and SH (R2=0.817). On a cloudy day, the coupling effect between dependent variables and environmental factors was well described (R2 ? 0.97). The model test results for GAT and ST were better (R2=0.997, 0.981), and the GAH and SH model test results were also good (R2=0.789,0.882). In summary, the established coupling model of greenhouse environmental factors was suitable for simple greenhouse environment prediction, allowing greenhouse managers to easily predict greenhouse environmental change trends and reduce the cost of testing, laying a foundation for the subsequent establishment of a simpler, more accurate greenhouse factor model.

Given the importance and potential development of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cultivation in Colombia and its problems for an efficient field cultivation, which includes the genetic variability of propagated material and adverse phytosanitary conditions, the aim of this study was to develop a method for in vitro clonal propagation for avocado cv. Hass. In vitro introduction of apical explants and nodal segments was carried out from grafted parent plants. Etiolation pretreatment effect on the number of shoots formed and in vitro phenolization was evaluated in grafted parent plants and in explants under in vitro conditions, subject to photoperiod (12/12 hours) and darkness. Darkness conditions reduced significantly plant phenolization, and these in turn formed new shoots, which were higher and were also formed in a shorter time. During multiplication stage, using a WPM culture medium an effective control of phenolization was obtained. During subculturing there was a decreasing in apical explant elongation, but there was a significant induction of new shoots from nodal segments. However, only some segments reached the required height to keep the multiplication rate throughout subcultures. Finally, 82% survival rate of vitroplants was obtained during hardening.

The antagonistic effectiveness of native strains of Trichoderma spp. on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi. in vitro, greenhouse and field conditions, were evaluated. in vitro conditions, the antagonistic capacity of 12 strains of Trichoderma spp., C2, C7, C12 and C21 strains, exhibited a better behavior measured by the following variables: inhibition halo and mycelial growth. In greenhouse conditions, the four strains, which showed the best in vitro antagonistic behavior, were evaluated using a DIA experimental design with factorial arrangement for three factors, which corresponded to strain, concentration and dose. The results of this evaluation, showed that C12 and C21 strains at doses of 20 mL, and at concentrations of 108 and 106 conidia.mL-1, respectively. The best antagonistic response was determined by variables as follows: plant height, fresh root weight and incidence. Under field conditions, the evaluations were carried out in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán, in the department of Nariño, Colombia. In each location, a BCA experimental design was used with four treatments and five replicates, treatments were as follows: C12 strains at 108 concentration, C21 at 106 concentration, chemical control and absolute control. In Gualmatan location, C12 and C21 strains, showed no antagonistic capacity, whereas in Ipiales and Pupiales locations, strain C12, presented a lower incidence of F. oxysporum than the control, but with no effect on yields. In Pupiales location, C21 strain surpassed in performance to the control treatment, even though the two treatments had similar incidence.

In Brazil, with the constant use of concentrated NPK fertilizers, sulfur became a limiting nutrient for corn plant growth and development. This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of elemental sulfur coating the granule of fertilizer, compared with the sulfur of ammonium sulfate associated to soluble fertilizers based on NPK. The hybrid-corn DKB390 was evaluated under a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 3x6 (three fertilizers × six phenological stages) with three replications. A soil under corn monoculture was used. Three types of formulated fertilizers (NPK) associated with sulfur (ammonium sulfate or elemental sulfur) and the control without S was used. The accumulation of the shoots and root dry matter, chlorophyll and sulfur in leafs were evaluated. The data were collected at stages: 6 leafs, 10 leafs, 14 leafs, tasselling, flowering and physiological maturity. The used fertilizers provided differences on the shoot dry matter and ion the sulfur accumulation in leafs. The sulfur accumulation in corn leafs was similar among the elemental sulfur and the ammonium sulfate treatments. Elemental sulfur provided superior results in comparison to the fertilizer without sulfur and was similar to the fertilizer with ammonium sulfate.

ABSTRACT The kale is a brassica, this vegetable presents importance on nutritional and economic patterns. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different substrates, trays and protected environment in the formation of kale seedlings. The experiment was conducted in two greenhouses located at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - MS. The first environment consisted of an agricultural greenhouse with polyethylene film cover, while the second was an agricultural nursery with monofilament screen and mesh to offer 50% of shading. In each protected environment were used 72 and 128 cells tray and six different compositions of substrates with organic material based on cassava branches (CB) and cattle manure (CM): 1) 100% CM; 2) 20% CM + 80% CB; 3) 40% CB + 60% CM; 4) 60% CB + 40% CM; 5) 80% CB + 20% and CM; 6) 100% CB. The seedlings were evaluated according to the parameters: dry mass of seedlings, stem diameter and plant height. The agricultural nursery was the most suitable for the formation of kale seedlings, with 72 cells tray and the substrate composed of organic matter with 20% of cassava branches and 80% of cattle manure.

Pineapple production in the subtropics is limited by low temperatures. Frost affects the growth and development of the plants, being the main factor that compromises production. One way to mitigate this problem is the use of plastic covers (greenhouses), which could, however, negatively affect the productivity. We studied the flowering and fruiting of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) in two cropping systems (greenhouse and field) in a subtropical region in the northeast of Argentina. Two experimental batches, with plastic covers and uncovered, divided into eight plots, were set up and phenological crop monitoring was performed. The experimental design was completely random. At the time of harvest, physical and chemical variables, such as length of fruit length with crown, fruit length without crown, equatorial diameter, density, firmness, °Brix and acidity values, were analysed to represent fruit quality. The results showed significant differences between the cultivation systems studied. Cultivation type had a marked effect on fruit quality; fruits produced in the greenhouse had a higher weight and size than those produced in the field; however, the chemical variables related to flavour did not differ significantly between the two cultivation types.

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Lavras cultivated with American lettuce, cv. Raider-Plus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water depths applied by drip pulses and of soil coverage on crop yields and efficiency of water use. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with eight treatments and three replications, totaling twenty-four plots. The treatments consisted of soil with and without coverage (double-sided white and black plastic) associated with four irrigation management levels. Irrigation management consisted in reposition of irrigation depths based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) with D1-100% of ETc, applied continuously (control), and D2 - 100% of ETc, D3 - 75% of ETc, and D4-50% of ETc, applied by pulses. Irrigation by pulses consisted in splitting the depths into six irrigation pulses with intervals of fifty minutes of rest. It was observed that pulse irrigation saved 25% of water in treatment without mulching and 50% when plastic mulching was used, contributing substantially to improve irrigation water efficiency.

The grafting technique favors cultivation tomato under conditions environment adverse, being the effects on the physiology of scarce plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the growth and solar energy conversion efficiency in grafted tomato and not grafted in greenhouse. The grafting was performed by grafting of cleft and the treatments consisted of tomato plants grafted on hybrid Kaguemusha® and not grafted. The samples for growth analysis were performed at intervals of fourteen days after transplanting (DAT) by the end of the crop cycle. At each harvest, plants were separated into organs, being determined to total dry matter (Wt), rates of dry matter production (Ct) and relative growth (Rw), net assimilation (Ea), leaf area index (L), growth rate, leaf area (Ca), relative growth of leaf area (Ra), leaf area ratio (Fa), leaf weight (Fw), specific leaf area (Sa), conversion efficiency solar energy (?) and assimilation rate of fruit (Efr). From the analysis of data growth, the plants grafted on the hybrid Kaguemusha® had higher Wt, Ct, Rw, Ea and ? compared to non-grafted that showed a high Fa and Fw. Therefore, the stress caused by grafting did not affect the growth at the end of the development cycle of tomato plants, being important feature to keep the crop yield

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The environment can be a limiting factor for development of Physalis species seedlings. Thus, the aim of this present study was to evaluate the initial development of Physalis species when subjected to cultivation environments. The experimental design was a randomized block design, factorial 3 x 3 (three Physalis species being Physalis peruviana, P. angulata and P. pubescens x three environments, greenhouse - GRE, plastic cover with 150 micron; shading - PLS, with 75% permeability and light - SHD, full sun, in a fully open - FOP), with four repetitions, conducted between February and May/2012, at the Station of Horticulture and Biological Control “Mário César Lopes”, University of Paraná State, Brazil. During the experiment, the emergence speed rate of seedlings was monitored in the initial 30 days. At 76 days after the sowing, leaf area, dry biomass of leaves, stems and roots, as well as the number leaves, plant height and stem diameter were evaluated. The SHD environment provides higher percentage of emergence of Physalis species seedlings studied. GRE and SHD environments were similar to the early Physalis development and can be used in the production of these species seedlings. Is not advisable in the initial development of Physalis seedlings.

Copyright of Revista Ceres is the property of Revista Ceres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on early physic nut plant development. In the first trial, physic nut seeds were exposed to seven levels of salinity (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12dS m-1) with eight repetitions, using a substrate of paper soaked with solutions of CaCl2 and KCl. The treatments were evaluated based on the initial germination, total percentage of germination, and time necessary to germination of 50% of the seeds. Increased salinity reduced the first germination count and delayed the time to 50% germination. From 10dS m-1, there was a reduction in germination percentage. The second trial evaluated the effect of salinity on the growth of physic nut seeds. This trial, carried out inside a greenhouse, with a completely randomized design, was composed of five salinity treatments (0.02, 2, 4, 6 and 8dS m-1) with 5 replications. It was observed that salinity levels above 2dS m-1 affected plant development. The current study suggests that salinity management is an important factor to be considered to achieve the potential productivity of physic nut.

The use of saline water for vegetable production is a major challenge for researchers and farmers. Cultivation in inert substrate can be an alternative, since the low matric potential can reduce the effect of salinity on plants. This study was conducted in a greenhouse at the Departamento de Ciências Ambientais e Tecnológicas da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN, in order to evaluate the performance of two cultivars of rocket grown in substrate and fertilized with nutrient solutions of different salinities . Ten treatments were evaluated in a factorial 2 x 5, two cultivars (C1-Cultivada e C2-Folha Larga) and five salinity levels of the nutrient solutions (S1-1.2; S2-2.2; S3-3.2; S4-4.2 and S5-5.2 dS m-1), usinga randomized design. Harvesting was performed at 30 days after sowing and evaluated the following variables: number of leaves, height, leaf area, total fresh and total dry mass. The salinity of the nutrient solution adversely affected the development of rocket, grown on a substrate, however, cultivation rocket substrate may be performed using electrical conductivity of the nutritive solution to 2.36 dS m-1 without loss in yield fresh pasta. The Folha Larga cultivar produced more total fresh and dry weight in relation to cultivar Cultivada, but to cultivar Cultivada has increased tolerance to salinity than cultivar Folha Larga. = O uso de água salina na produção de hortaliças é um dos principais desafios de pesquisadores e produtores rurais. O cultivo em substrato inerte pode ser uma alternativa, uma vez que o reduzido potencial matricial pode reduzir o efeito da salinidade sobre as plantas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido no Departamento de Ciências Ambientaise Tecnológicas da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN, e objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de duas cultivares de rúcula cultivadas em substrato e fertirrigadas com soluções nutritivas de diferentes salinidades. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo duas cultivares (C1-Cultivada e C2-Folha Larga) e cinco níveis de salinidade das soluções nutritivas (S1-1,2; S2-2,2; S3-3,2; S4-4,2 e S5-5,2 dS m-1), utilizando o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Realizou-se a colheita aos 30 dias após a semeadura e avaliaram-se as seguintes variáveis: número de folhas, altura, área foliar, massa fresca total e massa seca total. A salinidade da solução nutritiva afeta negativamente o desenvolvimento das rúculas cultivadas em substrato, no entanto, o cultivo de rúcula em substrato pode ser realizado utilizando solução nutritiva de condutividade elétrica até 2,36 dS m-1, sem perda na produção de massa fresca. A cultivar Folha Largaproduziu mais massa fresca e seca total em relação a cultivar Cultivada, porém a cultivar Cultivada apresenta maior tolerânciaà salinidade que a cultivar Folha Larga.

Mudas mal formadas e debilitadas comprometem o desenvolvimento das culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de mudas de meloeiro amarelo, sob cultivo protegido, em diferentes substratos. Este trabalho foi conduzido em telado, na Universidade Federal de Pelotas (RS), nos meses de novembro e dezembro. Testaram-se os seguintes substratos: T1 (vermicomposto bovino puro); T2 (substrato comercial Plantmax®); T3 (substrato comercial Húmus Fértil®); T4 (vermicomposto bovino 75% + casca de arroz carbonizada 25%) e T5 (solo 75% + vermicomposto bovino 25%). Foram avaliados o índice de velocidade e a percentagem de emergência do 6º ao 9º dia; a altura, o comprimento da raiz principal, a massa seca das raízes e da parte aérea das mudas de meloeiro, aos 27 dias. Os substratos que proporcionaram maior índice de velocidade de emergência das mudas de meloeiro amarelo foram Húmus Fértil®, vermicomposto bovino puro e vermicomposto bovino 75% mais casca de arroz carbonizada 25%. Maior altura da muda é obtida com o substrato Húmus Fértil®. O comprimento da raiz principal foi maior com o uso de vermicomposto bovino puro, Húmus Fértil®, vermicomposto bovino puro mais casca de arroz carbonizada (VB75+CAC25), em comparação com solo 75% mais vermicomposto bovino 25%. A massa seca de raiz foi maior quando utilizado Húmus Fértil®, em comparação com solo 75% mais vermicomposto bovino 25%. É possível utilizar substratos isolados ou em combinação para a produção de mudas de meloeiro amarelo sob cultivo protegido. Porém, deve-se evitar o uso de solo 75% em combinação com vermicomposto bovino 25%.Weak and malformed seedlings compromise the development of the crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of yellow melon seedlings in different substrates under protected cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during November and December, at the Federal University of Pelotas (RS). The following substrates were tested: T1: bovine manure vermicompost; T2: Plantmax® substrate; T3: Húmus Fértil® commercial substrate; T4: bovine vermicompost 75%+ carbonized rice bark 25%; and T5: soil 75%+bovine vermicompost 25%. The evaluated variables were: the rate of speed and percentage of emergence from days 6th to 9th; height; main root length; and dry mass of roots and shoots of the watermelon seedlings at 27 days. The substrates that provided the highest speed rate of emergence of yellow melon were Húmus Fértil®, bovine manure vermicompost and bovine vermicompost 75%+ carbonized rice bark 25%. Increased seedling height was obtained with the substrate Húmus Fértil®. The main root length was higher with bovine manure vermicompost, Húmus Fértil®, soil 75%+bovine vermicompost 25% (SO75 + VB25) than with 75% ground beef + 25% vermicompost. The root dry weight was higher with Húmus Fértil® than soil 75%+bovine vermicompost 25%. It is possible to use substrates alone or in combination for the production of yellow melon seedlings in greenhouses. However, the use of soil 75% in combination with bovine vermicompost 25% should be avoided.

O tamarindeiro é uma frutífera importante ocorrente no Cerrado brasileiro e com sistema radicular profundo e possui resistência à seca prolongada. Seus frutos são utilizados na culinária; suas sementes, em forragem animal, e seu óleo, na indústria farmacêutica. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a formação de mudas de pé-franco de tamarindeiro, em diferentes composições de substratos e ambientes protegidos. As mudas foram produzidas em estufa agrícola, coberta com filme de polietileno de baixa densidade de 150 μm e tela termorrefletora de 50% de sombreamento sob o filme; viveiro com tela preta de monofilamento de 50% de sombreamento e viveiro com tela termorrefletora de 50% de sombreamento. Em cada ambiente de cultivo, foram testados os substratos: 100% de solo; 80% de solo e 20% de composto orgânico; 60% de solo e 40% de composto orgânico; 40% de solo e 60% de composto orgânico; 20% de solo e 80% de composto orgânico, e 100% de composto orgânico. O efeito do ambiente foi examinado usando procedimento estatístico para análise de experimentos combinados (grupos de experimentos). Dentro dos ambientes, um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado foi adotado, com oito repetições. O substrato com 80% de solo e 20% de Organosuper® foi o mais propício para a formação das mudas. A estufa agrícola foi o melhor ambiente para a formação das mudas de tamarindeiro.The tamarind is an important fruit occurring in the Brazilian Cerrado and with a deep root system having resistance to prolonged droughts. Its fruits are used in cooking, their seeds are used for animal fodder and its oil is used in the pharmaceutical companies. Given the above, this study had the aim to evaluable tamarind ungrafted seedlings formation in different substrates composition and protected environments. The seedlings were grown in greenhouse covered with low density polyethylene film of 150 micron and screen thermal-reflector of 50% shading under film; nursery with black monofilament screen 50% of shading and nursery with screen thermal-reflector of 50% shading. In each cultivation environment, substrates were tested: 100% soil, 80% soil and 20% organic compost, 60% soil and 40% organic compost, 40% soil and 60% organic compost, 20% soil and 80% organic compost, and 100% organic compost. The effect of environment was examined using statistical procedures for analysis of combined experiments (experiments groups). Within environments a completely randomized design with eight replications. The substrate with 80% soil and 20% Organosuper® was the most conducive for seedlings. The greenhouse was the best environment for tamarind seedlings.

O objetivo deste experimento foi identificar a tensão de água no solo que resultasse na melhor qualidade comercial do crisântemo de corte. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado com 3 repetições, dividido em 30 parcelas, cada uma controlada por registro, com 4 fitas gotejadoras. Os tratamentos foram definidos por dez níveis de tensão de água no solo: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 e 50 kPa. Foram realizadas avaliações da área foliar, matéria seca, diâmetro e altura das plantas, em intervalos de 14 dias, utilizando-se 3 plantas por parcela, escolhidas ao acaso. Os resultados demonstram não haver diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para a maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. O tratamento regado com a tensão de 50 kPa resultou na maior altura de hastes e no maior número de pacotes A1. Porém, foi o tratamento com a maior dotação de rega, gerando muitas perdas por percolação. Recomenda-se que os produtores rurais usem as tensões entre 10 e 20 kPa para um bom equilíbrio entre o custo de rega e qualidade da flor.The aim of this research was to identify the soil water tension that results in the best quality of the cut chrysanthemum. The experimental design was totally randomized with 3 repetitions, subdivided in 30 parcels, each one controlled by a register, with drip tape lines. Treatments were defined for 10 soil water tension levels: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 e 50 kPa. Evaluations of leaf area, driy weight, diameter and plant hight were done each 14 days period, using 3 plants per parcel. Results showed that there was no difference between treatments for most of the evaluated variables. 50 kPa resulted in taller stems and larger number of packets A1. but induced high water loss by percolation. We suggest growers to use tension between 10 at 20 kPa for a good balance between irrigation cost and flower quality.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a aclimatização e o crescimento de plântulas micropropagadas de mirtileiro (Vaccinium ashei) cv. Climax, em função do substrato e da cobertura plástica, durante os meses de abril a dezembro de 2008. Foram utilizados três substratos (casca de arroz carbonizada + Húmus Fértil®, Plantmax® + vermiculita e solo + serragem jovem de Pínus) e dois sistemas de cobertura (com e sem cobertura plástica sobre as plântulas). As plântulas, acondicionadas em sacos plásticos com os respectivos substratos e sistemas de cobertura, permaneceram em casa de vegetação com temperatura controlada, por 30 dias. Após, permaneceram por 60 dias sem controle ambiental e, em seguida, foram transferidas para telado. A partir de 30 dias, foram avaliados a percentagem de sobrevivência e o incremento de altura das plântulas. Ao término do experimento, foi avaliada a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e da raiz das plântulas. A percentagem de sobrevivência das plântulas de mirtileiro em substrato Plantmax® + vermiculita é igual quando utilizada ou não a cobertura plástica. O uso da cobertura plástica não foi eficiente para incrementar a altura média das plântulas nos substratos Plantmax® + vermiculita e solo + serragem jovem. A maior massa seca de parte aérea foi obtida com o uso de Plantmax® + vermiculita sem cobertura plástica sobre as plântulas. Plantmax® + vermiculita com e sem cobertura plástica proporcionam maior massa seca radicular que os demais substratos e respectivos sistemas de cobertura, porém Plantmax® + vermiculita sem cobertura plástica é superior a Plantmax® + vermiculita com cobertura plástica. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o melhor substrato e sistema de cobertura para a aclimatização e o crescimento de plântulas de mirtileiro 'Climax' são Plantmax® + vermiculita sem cobertura plástica.This word aimed to evaluate the acclimatization and growth of micropropagated blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei) cv. Climax according substrate and plastic covering, from April to December 2008. Three substrates (carbonized rice hull + Húmus Fértil®, Plantmax® + vermiculite and soil + young saw of Pinus) and two covering systems (with or without plastic covering on plants) were used. Plants were put into plastic bags with the respective substrates and covering systems and then located in greenhouse at controlled temperature during 30 days. Following this, they were located in non-controlled environmental for 60 days, so then transferred to a nethouse. After 30 days, it was measured the surviving percentage and the increment of plant height. At the experiment conclusion fresh and dry weigth of aerial part and root of the plants were measured. The surviving percentage of blueberry plants in Plantmax® + vermiculite did not show difference when comparing the use or non-use of plastic covering. The use of plastic covering was not efficient to increase plant height when using the substrates Plantmax® + vermiculite and soil + young saw. Higher dry weigth of aerial part was obtained by using Plantmax® + vermiculite without plastic covering on plants. Plantmax® + vermiculite with or without plastic covering promoted more dry weight of root than other substrates independent covering; however, Plantmax® + vermiculite without plastic covering is superior to Plantmax® + vermiculite with no covering. According results, the best substrate and covering system to the acclimatization and growth of blueberry plants 'Climax' are Plantmax® + vermiculite without plastic covering.

Objetivou-se, no trabalho, avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações (0; 50; 100 e 150 mg L-1) de paclobutrazol (PBZ) sobre o crescimento, a emissão de brotos laterais e a produtividade de dois híbridos de tomateiro (Jennifer e AF 7631), em campo aberto e em ambiente protegido. O trabalho foi desenvolvido de abril a outubro de 2007, na UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, estado de São Paulo. O PBZ foi aplicado às mudas, aos 15 dias após a semeadura, avaliando-se seu efeito, nas concentrações testadas, em plantas de tomateiro após o seu transplantio. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com análise para grupo de experimentos, modelo fixo, com 4 blocos por ambiente e 9 plantas por parcela. Como resultado, o híbrido Jennifer apresentou maiores taxas de crescimento absoluto, resultando em plantas com maior altura que o AF 7631, aos 60 dias após o transplantio, sem que houvesse diferenças entre eles, no que se refere à brotação lateral e produtividade. Em ambiente protegido, foram obtidas plantas mais vigorosas, com maior altura, brotação lateral e maior produtividade que em campo aberto. O uso de concentrações crescentes de paclobutrazol reduziu a taxa de crescimento e a altura de plantas, bem como reduziu a brotação lateral e a produtividade da cultura.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations (0; 50; 100 and 150 mg L-1) of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on growth, side shoot emission and yield of two tomato hybrids (Jennifer and AF 7631), cultivated in open field and in protected environment. The work was conducted from April to October of 2007, at UNESP - Campus of Ilha Solteira, State of São Paulo. The PBZ was applied to seedlings 15 days after sowing, and its effects were evaluated, considering the tested concentrations, for tomato plants after the transplant. A randomized blocks design was used, in a factorial scheme, with analysis for series of experiments, in a fixed model, consisting of 4 replicates for environment and 9 plants per plot. As results, the hybrid Jennifer showed higher rates of absolute growth, resulting in higher plants than AF 7631, on the 60th day after the transplantation, but, with no differences between them regarding side shooting and crop yield. In the greenhouse, higher plants were obtained, with higher side shooting and higher yield than that observed in the open field. The use of increasing concentrations of paclobutrazol reduced the height of plants and their growth rate, decreased side shooting, and reduced the crop yield.

Realizou-se, com o presente trabalho, uma avaliação técnica e econômica da produção de ervilha (Pisum satiums L.) em função de lâminas de irrigação. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos de reposição de água no solo (50; 75; 100; 125 e 150% da capacidade de campo) e quatro repetições. O momento de irrigar foi definido quando a tensão média da água no solo, obtida nos tensiômetros instalados na parcela com 100% de reposição de água, atingiu 15 kPa. Concluiu-se que a produção da cultura e o número de vagens por planta foram afetados pelo déficit e pelo excesso hídrico aplicados pelos tratamentos. A máxima produtividade obtida foi igual a 4.197 kg ha-1 com a aplicação de 188,4 mm de água, e a lâmina ótima econômica foi estimada em 187,4 mm; a eficiência no uso da água máxima foi de 27,23 kg ha¹ mm-1, para uma lâmina de 86,25 mm.This work had the aim to verify the technical and economic feasibility of pea (Pisum satiums L.) yield under different irrigation depth levels, cultivated in greenhouse. It was used a completely randomized design (CRD), with five levels of replacement of water irrigation (50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of field capacity) with four replications. The crop was drip irrigated when the average soil water tension obtained from the tensiometers installed in the treatment of 100% was equivalent to 15 kPa. The results were affected by drought and water excess for total production of the plant and for number of beans for plant. The maximum productivity obtained was equal to 4,197 kg ha-1 for a water depth of 188.4 mm and the economic great irrigation depth was 187.4 mm; the greatest water use efficiency was 27.23 kg ha¹ mm-1 for a water depth of 86.25 mm.

Greenhouse vegetable production in México and worldwide has become important. Following greenhouses automation, a simple controller was designed to open and close shading nets to reduce incident radiation and excessive evapotranspiration. Irrigation period were radiation controlled and did not turn on the pump with clouds or moon radiation, saving 35% of water. The nets remained closed during the night and were opened during scarce radiation. In the tomato greenhouse experiment, every three months analysis was carried on manual and automatic net control. Maximum incident radiation was achieved in May and August when no shading nets were used. Air temperature increased to 28°C in August decreasing by 50% fruit size. Fruit temperature decreased 2.5°C when nets were used decreasing tomato cracking.

The experiment was performed in the experimental area of the Engineering Department Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. It aimed at identifying the adequate irrigation management of the greenhouse-cultivated Japanese cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). complete randomized design, with four levels of soil water potential (15; 30; 60 e 120 kPa) at two phenological phases (vegetative and reproductive), and 5 replications. Overall, the results showed decrease of yield according to increase of soil water potentials. During the reproductive stage, Japanese cucumber plants were more sensitive to water deficit, resulting in further decrease in yield compared to applied water deficit during the vegetative stage of the culture.O experimento foi realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras - MG, e teve como objetivo identificar um manejo adequado da irrigação para a produção do pepino-japonês (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivado em ambiente protegido. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, envolvendo, como tratamentos, quatro níveis de potencial de água no solo (15; 30; 60 e 120 kPa) em duas fases fenológicas da cultura (vegetativa e reprodutiva), com 5 repetições. De forma geral, os resultados mostraram decréscimo da produtividade de acordo com o incremento do potencial de água no solo; as plantas do pepineiro-japonês, quando na fase reprodutiva, mostraram-se mais sensíveis ao déficit hídrico, redundando em maiores quedas de produtividade em comparação com o déficit hídrico aplicado durante a fase vegetativa da cultura.

O desenvolvimento de novos equipamentos de irrigação e o aprimoramento dos já existentes, como dos microaspersores, devem considerar a avaliação das características hidráulicas, disposição adequada dos mesmos em condições de campo e interferência devido ao tempo de uso, garantindo índices de desempenho satisfatório. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a equação vazão x pressão, o coeficiente de variação de fabricação - CVf e de vazão - CVq, a uniformidade de distribuição de água para diferentes graus de sobreposição do microaspersor do grupo modular de bocal laranja, novo e usado, sob funcionamento na posição invertida. O aumento do espaçamento entre microaspersores e entre laterais reduziu os índices de uniformidade em todas as pressões estudadas, tanto do microaspersor novo como do usado. A maior precipitação do jato de água ocorreu na distância de 0,0 a 1,0 m da haste de sustentação dos microaspersores novo e usado. O alcance do jato de água do microaspersor usado foi menor em relação ao bocal novo.The development of new irrigation equipments and the improvement of the already existent, as the microsprinkler, demand to evaluate the hydraulic characteristics as well as the appropriate installation in the field conditions to obtain higher indexes of the water distribution uniformity. This work had the objective to obtain the discharge x pressure equation, the manufacturing variation coefficient - CVf and the discharge variation coefficient - CVq, water distribution uniformity for different overlap degrees of the microsprinkler of the modulate group, orange nozzle, new and used, installed in the upside-down at 1.20 m above laboratory ground. The increase of the spacing among microsprinkler and lateral reduced the uniformity indexes for all of the pressures for the new and the used microsprinkler. The high jet concentration occurred in the range from 0.0 to 1.0 m of the support rod of the new and used microsprinkler. The wetted area by the used microsprinkler was smaller than the new one.

Doses de composto orgânico comercial misturado ao solo foram utilizadas como substrato na produção de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo. O experimento foi conduzido no Campus de Aquidauana, da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, de setembro a dezembro de 2007. Utilizaram-se seis ambientes protegidos: estufa plástica com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro telado com Sombrite® 50%, com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro telado de tela termo-refletora Aluminet® 50%, com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro coberto com palha de coqueiro, com pé-direito de 1,8m; estufa plástica com pé-direito de 4,0m, possuindo abertura zenital e tela termo-refletora 50% sob o plástico e, viveiro telado de tela de sombreamento 50%, com pé-direito de 3,5m. Foram utilizados cinco substratos com doses de 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28% de composto orgânico misturado ao solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, com dez repetições. As parcelas principais foram os ambientes de cultivo e as subparcelas foram os substratos. Conclui-se que a estufa agrícola com altura de 4,0m, o viveiro agrícola com altura de 3,5m e o viveiro coberto com palha de coqueiro nativo propiciaram melhor desenvolvimento das mudas. As doses de 7%, 14% e 21% de composto orgânico se mostraram viáveis para composição de substratos com solo da região.Contents of commercial organic compound mixed with soil were used as substrate in the production of Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. seedlings. The experiment was carried out in the Aquidauana Campus at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, from September to December of 2007. Six environments were used: plastic greenhouse with height of 2.5m; nursery with height of 2.5m covered by shade net with black monofilament of 50% shading rate; nursery with height of 2.5m covered by Aluminum shading screen with shading rate of 50%; nursery with height of 1.8m covered by straw of native coconut; plastic greenhouse with height of 4.0m, zenith opened and thermal shade netting from Aluminet® under the roof and nursery with height of 3.5m covered by shade net with black monofilament of 50% shading rate. Five commercial organic compound contents of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%, mixed with soil were used. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized split-plot scheme where the environments were principal plot and substrates were subplots. The greenhouse with height of 4.0 m, the nursery with height of 3.5 m and the nursery covered with coconut fibers showed the best seedlings. The contents of 7%, 14% and 21% of commercial organic compounds were viable for composition of the substrates with local soil.

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tipos de ambientes protegidos, tipos de recipientes e composições de substratos no acúmulo de biomassa em mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) na região do Pantanal, nos meses de setembro a novembro de 2006. Utilizaram-se quatro ambientes protegidos, dois tipos de recipientes e três composições de substratos. Os ambientes foram: A1 (estufa plástica com filme de polietileno de baixa densidade de 150 mícrons de espessura), A2 (viveiro com tela de monofilamento preta e 50% de sombreamento), A3 (viveiro com tela aluminizada e 50% de sombreamento) e A4 (viveiro coberto com palha de buriti, palmeira nativa da região); os recipientes foram sacos de polietileno (R1) (15 X 25 cm) e bandejas de poliestireno (R2), (contendo 72 células) e os substratos foram: S1 (solo + composto orgânico + vermiculita, 1:1:1 v/v), S2 (solo + composto orgânico + pó-de-serra, 1:1:1 v/v) e S3 (solo + composto orgânico + vermiculita + pó-de-serra, 1:1:1/2:1/2 v/v). O experimento foi avaliado num delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quinze repetições, onde as parcelas principais foram os ambientes de cultivo, as subparcelas foram os recipientes e as subsubparcelas foram as composições de substratos (4 x 2 x 3 = 24 tratamentos). Foram avaliadas as massas fresca e seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. Os ambientes telados promoveram maiores acúmulos de biomassa em mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo produzidos em sacolas de polietileno. As sacolas de polietileno foram os recipientes que proporcionaram maiores biomassas. Os substratos que continham vermiculita promoveram melhor desenvolvimento às mudas em ambos recipientes de cultivo. O substrato com maior porcentagem de pó-de-serra não proporcionou bons resultados para a produção de mudas de maracujazeiro.The objective of the work was to evaluate the effects of environment, recipients, and substrate compositions in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) seedlings biomass production in Pantanal region from September to November of 2006. Experimental trials were conducted in four protected environments, in two types of containers and three different substrate compositions. The environments were: A1 (greenhouse covered with low-density, 150-microns-thick polyethylene film), A2 (monofilament black screened with mesh for 50% of shade), A3 (aluminized screened with mesh for 50% of shade) and A4 (environment covered with straw of native coconut palm); the recipients were: polyethylene bags (R1) (15 x 25 cm) and polystyrene trays (R2) (with 72 cells). There substrates were: S1 (soil + organic compost + vermiculite, 1:1: 1 v/v), S2 (soil + organic compost + sawdust, 1:1: 1 v/v) and S3 (soil + organic compost + vermiculite + sawdust, 1:1: 1/2: 1/2 v/v). The experimental design was completely randomized statistical analysis in split-split-plot, with fifteen replications. The treatments in the plot were environments, in the subplots were pots, and subsubplots were substrates (4 x 2 x 3 = 24 treatments). Fresh and dry mass of aerial and root system parts were evaluated. Environments with screen showed better results for seedlings of yellow passion fruit biomass in polyethylene bags. Polyethylene bags promoted higher biomasses. The substrate with vermiculite showed better results for both types of containers. The substrate with a higher percentage of sawdust showed the worst result.

Propôs-se avaliar a produção hidropônica de alface-crespa, variedade "Vera", em bancadas inclinadas com canais de 100 mm, utilizando a técnica de filme de solução nutritiva, em resposta à aplicação de dióxido de carbono e ao resfriamento evaporativo. Realizaram-se cinco ciclos de cultivo nos períodos de 20-3 a 17-4-2000 (C1); 25-5 a 29-6-2000 (C2); 13-7 a 21-8-2000 (C3); 27-8 a 2-10-2000 (C4) e 12-12-2000 a 10-1-2001 (C5). Avaliaram-se três casas de vegetação, sendo casa de vegetação sem sistema de resfriamento evaporativo do ar e sem injeção aérea de CO2 (A1); casa de vegetação com injeção aérea de CO2 e sem sistema de resfriamento evaporativo do ar (A2), e casa de vegetação com injeção aérea de CO2 e com sistema de resfriamento evaporativo do ar do tipo meio poroso-exaustor (A3). Avaliaram-se as massas frescas e secas em gramas, o número de folhas e a área foliar em mm². Utilizou-se do delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em que, no ciclo C1, utilizaram-se 48 repetições por ambiente; para os ciclos C2, C3 e C5, foram 64 repetições, e para o ciclo C4, foram 24 repetições. O ambiente climatizado com incremento de dióxido de carbono promoveu melhor desenvolvimento das plantas, com maior número de folhas comercializáveis. Em ambientes não climatizados, o incremento de CO2 não resultou em aumento de produtividade da alface para a maioria dos ciclos. Em épocas de temperaturas mais elevadas, obtiveram-se plantas maiores, com maior número de folhas.It was proposed to evaluate the hydroponic lettuce production, variety "Vera", on inclined benches with channels of 100 mm, and Nutrient Film Technique, as answer to carbon dioxide application and evaporative cooling. There were five cycles of cultivation from March, 20th to April, 17th (C1); from May, 25th to June, 29th (C2); from July, 13th to August, 20th (C3); from August, 27th to October, 10th (C4); from December, 12th to January, 10th (C5). In three greenhouses were tested the following systems: (A1) without evaporative cooling air CO2 aerial injection, (A2) with CO2 aerial injection and without evaporative cooling and (A3) with CO2 aerial injection and pad-fan evaporative cooling system. The fresh and dry mass of leaves in grams, number of leaves and leaf area in square millimeter were evaluated. The completely randomized statistical analysis was used. The cycle C1 were used 48 replications, for cycles C2, C3 and C5 were used 64 replications and C5 were used 24 replications. The results showed that greenhouse with evaporative cooling system and CO2 allow better development and greater lettuce yield. It was possible to conclude that the aerial injection of CO2, in the absence of evaporative cooling system, did not lead increasing the lettuce productivity to most cycles. Bigger lettuce leaf areas were found in periods with higher temperatures.

O trabalho foi desenvolvido em casa-de-vegetação do Departamento de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras/MG, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação na qualidade dos frutos de melão amarelo 'Vereda' (Cucumis melo L.). A cultura foi irrigada por gotejamento com uma freqüência de aplicação de dois dias. O controle da irrigação foi realizado pela evaporação do tanque Classe A reduzido (ECAr). Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (lâminas) e seis repetições. As lâminas aplicadas foram equivalentes a 0,5*ECAr, 0,75*ECAr, 1,0*ECAr e 1,25*ECAr. As características avaliadas foram o teor de sólidos solúveis (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), pH, espessura de polpa e da casca e diâmetro da cavidade interna em seis frutos de cada tratamento. A espessura da polpa, a acidez total titulável e o teor de sólidos solúveis reduziram com o aumento das lâminas de irrigação.This study was developed inside a greenhouse at the Engineering Departament of Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras/MG, aiming to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on fruit quality of greenhouse cultivated "Vereda" yellow melon (Cucumis melo L.). The crop was drip irrigated, in a two-day interval, with four different depths. Irrigation depths were computed using four different fractions of the evaporation depth observed on a reduced class A pan evaporimeter (ECAr): 0.5*ECAr, 0.75*ECAr, 1.0*ECAr, and 1.25*ECAr. A completely randomized design, with four treatments and six replications, was used. Evaluated parameters were: total soluble solid content (SSC), total titrable acidity (TTA), pH, pulp thickness, rind thickness, and cavity diameter from six fruits from each treatment of irrigation. Reduced values of total soluble solid content, total titrable acidity, and pulp tickness were observed with increased irrigation depths.

Avaliou-se a rentabilidade econômica de três cultivares de alface cultivadas em casa-de-vegetação e campo, com diferentes técnicas de preparo do solo, em Rio Branco, Acre. Foram instalados experimentos em janeiro, junho e novembro de 2006. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas em faixas com quatro repetições. As faixas corresponderam ao cultivo protegido e em campo aberto. Em cada faixa, três cultivares de alface ('Simpson', 'Marisa' e 'Vera'), constituindo as subparcelas, foram sorteadas nas parcelas, representadas por quatro preparos de solo ("encanteiramento" com cobertura de palha de arroz, polietileno prateado e solo descoberto e plantio direto). O custo total médio (CTMe), no cultivo protegido, foi de R$0,50 maço-1, 26% menor que no campo. Obteve-se receita líquida de R$24.270,67ha-1 ciclo-1, em cultivo protegido, e R$14.124.92ha-1 ciclo-1, em campo. O plantio direto para alface promoveu o menor CTMe e a maior receita líquida em cultivo protegido (R$30.724,64ha-1 ciclo-1) e em campo (R$22.892,71ha-1 ciclo-1) e o maior índice de rentabilidade. Portanto, o plantio direto orgânico de alface no Acre, em ambiente protegido, preferencialmente, e, em campo aberto, proporciona melhor desempenho econômico que os demais tipos de preparo e cobertura do solo.It was evaluated the economical profitability of three lettuce cultivars cultivated in greenhouse and field with different tillage soil, in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The experiments were installed in January, June and November 2006. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split-plot arrangement in strips, with four replications. The strips corresponded to cultivation in greenhouse and field. In each strip, three lettuce cultivars (Simpson, Marisa and Vera), constituted the split-plot and were raffled in the plot represented by four tillage soil (conventional tillage with mulching peel rice, silvered polyethylene ,non- mulched soil and non-tillage soil). The mean total cost (MTC) in greenhouse was of R$0.50 bundle-1, 26% smaller than in field. The liquid revenue of R$24,270.67ha-1 cycle-1, was obtained in greenhouse and R$14,124.92ha-1 cyicle-1 in field. The non-tillage soil promoted smallest MTC and largest liquid revenue in greenhouse (R$30,724.64ha-1 cycle-1) and in field (R$22,892.71ha-1 ciclo-1) and the largest rentability index. Therefore, the organic no-tillage of lettuce in Acre in greenhouse preference and in field it provides better economical rentability than the other types of tillage and mulching of the soil.

Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar a partição de massa seca em plantas de capim-xaraés (Brachiaria brizantha) e capim-massai (Panicum maximum x Panicum infestum), submetidas a quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 mg/dm³). O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições. A semeadura de ambas as forrageiras foi feita em bandejas contendo substrato agrícola comercial e 15 dias após a emergência cinco plantas foram transferidas para os vasos, com volume de 5,8 dm³. Dezoito dias após a transplantação realizou-se o desbaste, deixando-se três plantas/vaso. Quando as plantas atingiram altura média de 35 cm foram submetidas a um corte de uniformização a 5 cm do solo. A adubação nitrogenada foi fracionada em 4 aplicações, e após quarenta e cinco dias em crescimento livre, as plantas foram colhidas e avaliadas quanto aos teores de MS da lâmina, colmo, material morto e raiz. Avaliaram-se também as razões parte aérea:raiz e lâmina:colmo. O nitrogênio exerce efeito na partição de MS de plantas de capim-xaraés, favorecendo o desenvolvimento da parte aérea, sem efeito no sistema radicular. Observou-se também que o nitrogênio favorece a relação lâmina:colmo, além de acelerar o processo de senescência nessas plantas, com conseqüente aumento na deposição de material morto.The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with the objective of evaluating the dry matter partition of capim-xaraés (Brachiaria brizantha) and capim-massai (Panicum maximum x Panicum infestum) submitted to four treatments of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, and 120 mg/dm3). A randomized design with four replications was applied. Both species were sowed in trays containing commercial agricultural substratum and 15 days after the emergence of five plants they were transferred to 5.8-dm3 vases. When the plants reached an average height of 35 cm, they were cut 5 cm from the soil to achieve a uniform cut. The nitrogen was applied four times. After forty-five days of free development the plants were cut and evaluated for dry matter of the leaf, stem, dead material, and root. The shoot to root and lamina to stem ratios were also evaluated. It was observed, according to the results that the nitrogen affected the dry matter partition of capim-xaraés, favoring the development of the shoot, but without effect on the roots. The total dry matter production of xaraes and massai shoot, as well as the lamina to stem ratio increased linearly with the doses of N, without affecting the root dry matter. It was also observed that nitrogen favors the lamina to stem relation and increases the dead material deposit in xaraes grass and massai grass.

A definição do melhor sistema de produção de mudas de maracujazeiro em função do tipo de ambiente, de recipientes e de composições de substratos resulta em informações úteis que beneficiam os produtores. Desta forma, foi conduzido um experimento com a formação de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo, em ambientes protegidos, na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana, nos meses de setembro a novembro de 2006. Teve por objetivo avaliar quatro ambientes protegidos, dois tipos de recipientes e três composições de substratos. Foram avaliados as alturas de plantas e o número de folhas. Em síntese, o ambiente com tela de monofilamento, a sacola de polietileno e o substrato "solo + composto orgânico + vermiculita, na proporção volumétrica de 1:1:1 v/v", apresentaram os melhores resultados para altura e número de folhas do maracujazeiro na região de Aquidauana-MS.The definition of best passion fruiteedlings production system as function of environment, containers and susbtrates can result in important information for the farmers. An experiment was carried out with passiflora seedlings production, using bags and trays, with distinct substrates. The experiments were carried out in the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana-MS, from September to November 2006. Four protected environments, two kinds of pots and three substrate compositions were evaluated. The height of plants (cm) and the leaf number were evaluated. Results showed that environment with monofilament black covered, polyethylene bags and substrate "soil + organic compost + vermiculite, in the proportion volumetric 1:1:1 v/v" were such a better option in the development of passiflora seedlings.

No Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, a fruticultura é limitada de informações consistentes, referentes ao potencial de produção de mudas para exploração a campo. Este trabalho avaliou a produção de biomassa em mudas de mamoeiro em diferentes ambientes de cultivo, recipientes e substratos na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana - MS, de setembro a novembro de 2006. Utilizaram-se os ambientes de cultivo: estufa com filme de polietileno de baixa densidade; viveiro com tela de monofilamento preta; viveiro com tela aluminizada e viveiro com palha de coqueiro nativo. Os substratos "solo + composto orgânico + vermiculita", "solo + composto orgânico + pó de serra" e "solo + composto orgânico + vermiculita + pó de serra" preencheram as sacolas de polietileno e bandejas de poliestireno. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subsubdivididas. O ambiente com tela aluminizada promoveu os maiores acúmulos de biomassa do mamoeiro para as sacolas de polietileno. A sacola de polietileno foi o melhor recipiente para a produção de mudas do mamoeiro. Os substratos que continham vermiculita promoveram maiores acúmulos de biomassa nas sacolas de polietileno. O ambiente com tela aluminizada propiciou maior massa seca foliar nas três composições de substratos.In the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the cultivation of fruits is limited of consistent information, concerning the potential for production of seedlings for field production. This work evaluated papaya seedlings biomass production in different environments, pots, and substrates in the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana - MS, Brazil, from September to November, 2006. The cultivation environments were: greenhouse with low density polyethylene film; nursery with monofilament black screened; nursery with aluminized screened and nursery with straw of native coconut palm. The substrates "soil + organic compost + vermiculite", "soil + organic compost + sawdust" and "soil + organic compost + vermiculite + sawdust" filled the polyethylene bags and polystyrene trays. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized statistical analysis in split-split-plot. The environment with aluminized screened promoted the greatest biomass accumulation for the polyethylene bags. The polyethylene bag was the best pots for papaya seedlings production. The substrates containing vermiculite promoted greater biomass in polyethylene bags. The environments with aluminized screened promoted greater leaf dry mass in the three substrates compositions.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a produção e qualidade de botões de rosa cultivar Vega ( Rosa sp. ), cultivada sob cobertura plástica com diferentes anos de uso. Para tanto foram selecionados 15 vãos de estufas com plásticos colocados em 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003, e testemunha (sem uso anterior), com três repetições, avaliados por duas maneiras: na primeira os frutos foram colhidos através de uma poda (como procedimento do cultivo comercial); na segunda foi realizada uma poda rasa em uma área de 1 m² para poder acompanhar o crescimento da haste floral desde o início da formação até a fase de botão floral. No primeiro caso foram realizadas 4 coletas ao longo do período do experimento, nas quais foram coletadas 4 hastes florais por tratamento, totalizando 60 flores por data de coleta. No segundo caso foi avaliado o aparecimento dos botões florais dos novos brotos em quatro datas até a formação das hastes florais comerciais, e então coletadas 13 hastes florais por tratamento. Não houve diferença estatística entre os anos de uso dos plásticos de 1998, 1999, 2002 e 2003 nas variáveis: comprimento, diâmetro e comprimento dos botões florais, massa fresca e seca das pétalas, para as condições e cultivar analisados. Com isso o produtor ganha um período maior de utilização do plástico gerando um custo menor, sem perdas na produção.The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of floral buds of rose cv. Vega (Rosa sp.) cultivated underneath a plastic film used as greenhouse covering, with different years of use. In order to evaluate the bud production and quality, 15 greenhouse gaps with plastic covering dating from 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003, were selected; and the control covering (never used before) with three replications each. Two types of evaluation were made for this analysis: the first one, the fruits were harvested by means of pruning (as the commercial use standard procedure); in the second evaluation a clear cut pruning was conducted in an area of 1m² with the purpose of determining the development of the flower buds from the pruning to the commercial flower stalk. On the first evaluation, 4 harvestings were conducted during the entire experiment period, in which 4 flower stalks per treatments were collected, totaling 60 flowers per collecting date. On the second evaluation, floral buds emerging on new shoots were determined in four different dates until commercial flower stalks complete formation was achieved, then 13 flower stalks per treatment were collected. There was no statistical difference among the plastic films with different years of use regarding stalk length and diameter, flower bud diameter and length, dry and fresh petal mass under the analyzed conditions and cultivars, translating into a larger period of plastic covering use without loss in the production at a low production cost.

O cultivo protegido, entre outras vantagens, possibilita diminuir a sazonalidade na oferta e melhorar a qualidade das hortaliças. No entanto, constitui-se em tecnologia de elevado custo, que pode ser atenuado com o aumento na eficiência do uso da área protegida, proporcionado pelo cultivo consorciado. O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação, na Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP, no período de agosto e novembro de 2005, e objetivou-se verificar o custo operacional total (COT) e a rentabilidade líquida da alface crespa 'Verônica' (Lactuca sativa L.) em monocultura e consorciada com pepino japonês 'Hokushin' (Cucumis sativus L.), em ambiente protegido. Os principais itens de custos estimados foram os referentes à operações, insumos e materiais. Para a alface crespa em monocultura e em consórcio, o COT foi de R$ 696,37 e R$ 295,06/614,4 m², e as produtividades de 890,78 e 822,53 kg/614,4 m², respectivamente em monocultura e em consórcio e as receitas brutas obtidas foram de R$ 489,93 e R$ 452,39/614,4 m². Em cultivo protegido, a monocultura de alface teve prejuízo de R$206,44/614,4 m², enquanto, em consórcio com pepino, a cultura da alface crespa 'Verônica' teve lucro operacional de R$ 157,33/614,4 m².The protected culture, among other advantages, made possible to diminish the seasoning in offers and to improve the quality of vegetables. However, one consists in technology of high cost, that it may be attenuated with the increase in the efficiency of the use of the protected area, proportionated for the intercropping. The experiment was carried out at greenhouse at UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, in the period of August and November of 2005, with the aim of evaluating the operational cost (COT) and the profitability of the crisphead lettuce "Verônica" (Lactuca sativa L.) in monoculture and in intercropping with the Japanese cucumber "Hokushin" (Cucumis sativus L.), in protected environment. The main cost items analyzed were the operational cost, the agricultural amendments and the materials cost. For the crisphead lettuce in monoculture and in intercropping, the COT was R$ 696,37 and R$ 295,06/614,4 m² respectively and the productivity was 822.53 and 890.78 kg/614,4 m². In monoculture and in intercropping the gross incomes were R$ 489,93 and R$ 452,39/614,4 m² respectively. It was verified a loss of R$ 206,44/614,4 m² in the crisphead lettuce monoculture and an operational profit of R$ 157,33/614,4 m² in protected environment when in intercropping with cucumber.

Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento vegetativo inicial de porta-enxertos cítricos cultivados em casa de vegetação, por meio de semeadura e de repicagem de raiz nua. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Estação Experimental Agronômica da UFRGS, em Eldorado do Sul, RS, a partir do mês de setembro de 2003, afim de testar a viabilidade de aproveitamento de plântulas oriundas do desbaste. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcela subdividida e cada subparcela constituída por 22 tubetes. Nas parcelas principais foram testados dois sistemas de propagação: semeadura e repicagem no momento do desbaste. Nas subparcelas foram testados três porta-enxertos cítricos: Trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.), citrangeiro "C37" (P. trifoliata x Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck.) e limoeiro "Cravo" (C. limonia Osbeck.). A semeadura foi realizada em tubetes cônicos de polietileno preto (capacidade de 120cm³), com duas a três sementes por tubete. A repicagem foi feita no momento do desbaste da bandeja semeada quando as plântulas estavam, em média, com duas a quatro folhas. Os resultados demonstraram que há viabilidade de aproveitamento das plântulas resultantes do desbaste, sem que ocorra diferenças no desenvolvimento vegetativo. Além disso, foi observado que o porta-enxerto "C37" apresentou um vigor inicial maior que o Trifoliata e o limoeiro "Cravo".The initial vegetative growth of citrus seedling rootstocks was evaluated by means of sowing and transplantation of bare-root seedling. The experiment was conduced in September 2003 in greenhouse conditions in the Estação Experimental Agronômica/UFRGS in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil. The objective of this study was to test the viability of use of seedlings deriving from thinning. The experiment was in randomized blocks with four replications in a split plot design and each sub-plot consisted of 22 tubs. In the main plot were tested two propagation systems: sowing and transplantation at the thinning moment. In sub-plots were tested three citrus rootstocks: Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata [ L. ] Raf.); 'C37' citrange (P. trifoliata x Citrus sinensis [ L. ] Osbeck.), and 'Rangpur' lime (C. limonia Osbeck.). The sowing was carried in conical tubs of black polyethylene (capacity of 120cm³) with two to three seeds in each tub. Transplantation was made at the thinning moment, when the seedlings had, in average, two to four leaves. The results demonstrate that it is possible to use seedlings resulting from thinning, without differences in the vegetative development comparatively to sowing. The 'C37' citrus rootstock presents a larger initial vigor when compared to the other citrus rootstocks tested.

Avaliou-se a dinâmica dos nutrientes em três substratos comerciais em que cultivaram-se mudas cítricas, desde o momento da repicagem dos porta-enxertos até a fase final de produção das mesmas. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, sendo as mudas cultivadas em citropotes de 4L. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Estação Experimental Agronômica da UFRGS em Eldorado do Sul, RS, no período de junho/2003 a novembro/2004, e obedeceu ao delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 2, sendo: 3 substratos comerciais de cultivo (Comercial 1, 2 e 3 - composto de turfa preta; cascas processadas e enriquecidas, perlita, vermiculita expandida e turfa; e, casca de pinus compostada e vermiculita, respectivamente), 3 porta-enxertos (Trifoliata - Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.; citrangeiro 'C13' - Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck x P. trifoliata [L.] Raf.; e limoeiro 'Cravo' - C. limonia Osbeck) e 2 variedades copa (laranjeira 'Valência' C. sinensis [L.] Osbeck e a tangerineira 'Montenegrina' - C. deliciosa Tenore). Empregou-se o sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. Avaliou-se a caracterização química dos substratos e conteúdo nutricional foliar e a massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea. Nas condições deste experimento, os substratos apresentam perdas consideráveis de nutrientes, especialmente de fósforo e potássio. No entanto, observa-se que o substrato Comercial 2 apresenta maior aporte de nutrientes, quando comparado com os outros substratos, proporcionando maior acúmulo de massa seca nos porta-enxertos, no momento da enxertia e nas mudas cítricas no final do experimento.The dynamics of nutrients in three commercial substrates were evaluated, from the transplanting until final nursery. The rootstocks were cultivated in 4L containers under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was developed at Estação Experimental Agronômica of UFRGS from June/2003 to November/2004, with the experimental design of completely randomized blocks, in factorial 3 x 3 x 2, where 3 commercial substrates were tested (Commercial 1, 2 and 3 - composed of black turf; processed and enriched barks, perlite, vermiculite expanded and turf; and, composted pine bark and vermiculite, respectively), 3 citrus rootstocks (Trifoliate orange - Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.; 'C13' citrange - Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck x P. trifoliata [L.] Raf.; and 'Rangpur' lime - C. limonia Osbeck) and 2 citrus varieties ('Valencia' - C. sinensis [L.] Osbeck and the 'Montenegrina' mandarin - C. deliciosa Tenore). One evaluated the substrate chemical characterization and foliar nutritional content and dry mass content of the rootstock. The substrates showed significant reductions in the concentration of nutrients, specially phosphorus and potassium. However, one observed that the Commercial 2 substrate presents greater port of nutrients when compared to the other substrates, providing larger accumulation of dry mass in the rootstocks at grafting time and final nursery production.

Com o objetivo de minimizar os custos da multiplicação in vitro convencional de mirtilo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) e otimizar a produção de mudas micropropagadas desta espécie, este trabalho comparou o efeito da luz natural à artificial, através do cultivo dos explantes em diferentes locais de crescimento (casa de vegetação e sala de crescimento), durante duas estações do ano: verão e inverno, bem como o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sacarose adicionadas ao meio de cultura e diferentes tipos de vedação dos frascos de cultivo. Aos 60 dias de multiplicação in vitro, foram avaliados o número médio de brotações, o número médio de folhas, o comprimento médio das brotações, a taxa de multiplicação e a massa fresca total. Através dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o uso de diferentes materiais na vedação dos frascos não altera o comprimento das brotações, porém promove diferentes respostas na taxa de multiplicação, no número médio de folhas e, principalmente, na quantidade de massa fresca total. Explantes desenvolvidos em frascos fechados com filme plástico ou alumínio aumentam o número de folhas e a taxa de multiplicação. Por outro lado, explantes desenvolvidos em frascos fechados com algodão e em condições fotoautotróficas aumentam em grande escala a quantidade de massa fresca total. Em condições de micropropagação convencional, a adição de 15 g.L-1 de sacarose ao meio de cultura favorece o aumento do número de folhas, a taxa de multiplicação, a massa fresca total e o desenvolvimento das brotações; no entanto, para a maioria das variáveis, não há diferença significativa do cultivo em ausência de sacarose. O desenvolvimento dos explantes, em diferentes locais de crescimento e em diferentes épocas do ano, apresenta respostas distintas em função da variável analisada.Aiming to minimize the costs of in vitro conventional multiplication of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and to optimize the production of micropropagated seedlings of this particular species, this work compared the effect between natural and artificial light by cultivating the explants in different growth places (greenhouse and growth room). Also, it was tested two seasons: summer and winter, as well as the effect of different sucrose concentrations added to the culture environment and different types of flasks sealing. During the 60 days of in vitro multiplication, it was assessed the average shoot number, multiplication rate and total fresh matter. It was verified that the use of different materials for sealing does not alter the shoot length; however, it promotes different performances on multiplication rate, on the average leaves number and mainly on the amount of total fresh matter. Explants grown in flasks closed with plastic film or aluminum increase the number of leaves and the multiplication rate. On the other hand, explants grown in flasks closed with cotton and under photoautotrophic conditions increase in great scale the amount of total fresh matter. Under conventional conditions of micropropagation the addition of 15 g.L-1 sucrose to the culture environment favors the increase of leaves number, the multiplication rate, the total fresh matter and the shoot development. Nevertheless, for most of the variables the addition did not differ significantly from the cultivation in sucrose absence. The explants growth, under different growth places and year time, showed different performances regarding to the analyzed variable.