Smart grids (SGs) have as one of their basic proposals to incorporate intelligence into the electric grid through computing and communication technologies aiming at greater efficiency and effectiveness in their operation and control. Power loss, quality, and failures are inherent in the generation process, transmission, and distribution of electricity and, in the context of SGs, should be minimized to ensure greater resilience and system efficiency. Dynamic and efficient distribution network reconfiguration is an example of an SG functionality. The reconfiguration process consists of adjusting or changing the topology of the distribution network from the opening and closing of switches to minimize technical losses, optimize operating parameters, and restore power supply in contingency situations. The nature of the network reconfiguration problem is combinatorial, complex, and non-linear. Aiming to minimize convergence time in search of a solution in medium and large topologies, heuristic and optimization techniques are an alternative. This dissertation proposes a new genetic algorithm, GAEnhanced (Genetic Algorithm Enhanced), to solve network reconfiguration and make a comparative study of performance aspects of this algorithm in relation to other solutions and algorithmic strategies used. The main goal is to evaluate the algorithm implementation strategies for dynamic reconfiguration and on-the-fly distribution networks from a broader perspective, in addition to proposing a new solution with the GAEnhanced algorithm. A simulator (DNRSim) with basic functionalities for implementation and tests of network reconfiguration algorithms for the Smart Grid was developed within the scope of this dissertation. The comparative study of the performance of the GAEnhanced algorithm and other solutions with the DNRSim uses the IEEE models for system tests (14-bus, 30-bus, 57-bus, 118-bus, and 330-bus). The comparative study results illustrate the different ways to efficiently compute network reconfiguration solutions (scalability, time, and quality) and demonstrate the feasibility of using the GAEnhanced algorithm in the context of Smart Grids in a perspective of deploying more autonomic and intelligent solutions., {"references":["K KIRAN KUMAR, N VENKATA RAMANA, S Kamakshaiah, and PM Nishanth. State of art for network reconfiguration methodologies of distribution system. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 57(1), 2013.","Thomas H Cormen. Introduction to algorithms. MIT press, 2009.","Carlos Bernardes Rosa Junior. Um método de fluxo de carga não iterativo como ferramenta para estudos de colapso de tensão.","David E Goldberg and John H Holland. Genetic algorithms and machine learning. Machine learning, 3(2):95–99, 1988.","Aurora Pozo, A de F Cavalheiro, Celso Ishida, Eduardo Spinosa, and Ernesto Malta Rodrigues. Computação evolutiva. Universidade Federal do Paraná, 61p.(Grupo de Pesquisas em Computação Evolutiva, Departamento de Informática-Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2005.","Fangxing Li, Wei Qiao, Hongbin Sun, Hui Wan, Jianhui Wang, Yan Xia, Zhao Xu, and Pei Zhang. Smart transmission grid: Vision and framework. IEEE transactions on Smart Grid, 1(2):168–177, 2010.","Yona Lopes, Joberto S. B. Martins, Ricardo Henrique Frazão Franco, David Acosta Molano, Margareth Apostolo dos Santos, Flavio Galvão Calhau, Carlos Alberto Malcher Bastos, and Natalia Castro Fernandes. Smart Grid e IEC 61850: Novos Desafios em Redes e Telecomunicações para o Sistema Elétrico. In XXX Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações - SBrT'12, pages 1–44. SBRT - Sociedade Brasileira de Telecomunicações, Brasilia, Brazil, September 2012.","Romildo Martins da Silva Bezerra, Flávio G. Calhau, Flavia M. S. Nascimento, and Joberto Sérgio Barbosa Martins. A Framework to Support Smart Grid Solutions with Ubiquitous , Autonomic and Real-Time Features Targeting the Sustainable Use of Renewable Power. Journal of Selected Areas in Renewable Energy, 3(10):1–6, October 2013.","Carlos A. M. Bastos, Joberto Sérgio Barbosa Martins, José Augusto Suruagy Monteiro, Anilton Salles Garcia, Ana Elisa Ferreira, João Marcos da Silva, and Walter da Costa Pinto Neto. Proteçao e Supervisão de Sistemas Elétricos numa Estratégia Smart Grid com Redes IP de Nova Geração - POWER SYSTEMS PROTECTION AND SUPERVISION IN A SMART GRID STRATEGY USING NEW GENERATION IP NETWORKS. Revista de Sistemas e Computação - RSC, 1(1):81–103, 2011.","Eonassis O. Santos and Joberto S. B. Martins. Distribution Power Network Reconfiguration in the Smart Grid. In Proceedings of the International Seminar on Politics, Incentives, Technology and Regulation of Smart Grids, pages 1–13, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, December 2017. CIGRÉ-BRASIL - Brazilian National Committee.","Ezequiel Campos Pereira. Reconfiguração de Redes de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica para Minimização de Perdas Técnicas. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014.","Christopher A Chung. Simulation modeling handbook: a practical approach. CRC press, 2003.","RW Uluski. Using distribution automation for a self-healing grid. In Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D), 2012 IEEE PES, pages 1–5. IEEE, 2012.","Nikhil Gupta, Anil Swarnkar, and KR Niazi. Distribution network reconfiguration for power quality and reliability improvement using genetic algorithms. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 54:664–671, 2014.","Flávio Calhau, Alysson Pezzutti, and Joberto Martins. On evaluating power loss with hatsga algorithm for power network reconfiguration in the smart grid. 5th International Workshop on ADVANCEs in ICT Infrastructure and Services, At Paris Saclay University, pages 1–7, 01 2017.","Ching-Tzong Su, Chung-Fu Chang, and Ji-Pyng Chiou. Distribution network reconfiguration for loss reduction by ant colony search algorithm. Electric Power Systems Research, 75(2-3):190–199, 2005.","Flávio G. Calhau, Alysson Pezzutti, Romildo M da Silva Bezerra, and Joberto S. B. Martins. Hybrid Algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search for the Reconfiguration Problem in Smart Grid Networks using \"R\". In Proceedings of the IV International Workshop on ADVANCEs in ICT Infrastructures and Services, pages 1–10, Recife, December 2015.","Soteris Kalogirou, Kostas Metaxiotis, and Adel Mellit. Artificial intelligence techniques for modern energy applications. IGI Global, pages 1–39, 2010.","Sarvapali D Ramchurn, Perukrishnen Vytelingum, Alex Rogers, and Nicholas R Jennings. Putting the'smarts' into the smart grid: a grand challenge for artificial intelligence. Communications of the ACM, 55(4):86–97, 2012.","Flávio Calhau, Romildo Martins Bezerra, and Joberto S. B. Martins. The R Approach for Modeling a Reconfiguration Problem in Smart Grid Networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on ICT Infrastructures and Services, pages 1–7, Miami, October 2014.","A. Merlin and H. Back. Search for a Minimal-Loss Operating Spanning Tree Configuration in an Urban Power Distribution System. In Proc. 5th Power System Computation Conference (PSCC), Cambridge, U.K., September 1975.","Seyhan Civanlar, JJ Grainger, Ho Yin, and SSH Lee. Distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 3(3):1217–1223, 1988.","Mesut E Baran and Felix F Wu. Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing. IEEE Transactions on Power delivery, 4(2):1401–1407, 1989.","Dariush Shirmohammadi and H Wayne Hong. Reconfiguration of electric distribution networks for resistive line losses reduction. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 4(2):1492–1498, 1989.","Edgar Manuel Carreno, Ruben Romero, and Antonio Padilha-Feltrin. An efficient codification to solve distribution network reconfiguration for loss reduction problem. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 23(4):1542–1551, 2008.","Koichi Nara, Atsushi Shiose, Minoru Kitagawa, and Toshihisa Ishihara. Implementation of genetic algorithm for distribution systems loss minimum re-configuration. IEEE Transactions on Power systems, 7(3):1044–1051, 1992.","R Cherkaoui, A Bart, and AJ Germond. Optimal configuration of electrical distribution networks using heuristic methods. In Proceedings of the 11th Power Systems Computation Conference, volume 1, pages 147–154, 1993.","Vinicius Jacques Garcia and Paulo Morelato França. Multiobjective tabu search for service restoration in electric distribution networks. In Power Tech, 2005 IEEE Russia, pages 1–7. IEEE, 2005.","T Thakur et al. Application of tabu-search algorithm for network reconfiguration in radial distribution system. In Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems, 2006. PEDES'06. International Conference on, pages 1–4. IEEE, 2006.","Rachid Cherkaoui, A Bart, and A J. Germond. Optimal configuration of electrical distribution networks using heuristic methods. 1, 01 1993.","Enrico Carpaneto and Gianfranco Chicco. Ant-colony search-based minimum losses reconfiguration of distribution systems. In Electrotechnical Conference, 2004. MELECON 2004. Proceedings of the 12th IEEE Mediterranean, volume 3, pages 971–974. IEEE, 2004.","Ashish Ahuja, Sanjoy Das, and Anil Pahwa. An ais-aco hybrid approach for multi-objective distribution system reconfiguration. IEEE transactions on power systems, 22(3):1101–1111, 2007.","Yuhui Shi et al. Particle swarm optimization: developments, applications and resources. In evolutionary computation, 2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on, volume 1, pages 81–86. IEEE, 2001.","Carlos A Coello Coello, Gary B Lamont, David A Van Veldhuizen, et al. Evolutionary algorithms for solving multi-objective problems, volume 5. Springer, 2007.","MR Irving, WP Luan, and JS Daniel. Supply restoration in distribution networks using a genetic algorithm. International journal of electrical power & energy systems, 24(6):447–457, 2002.","Y-T Hsiao and C-Y Chien. Enhancement of restoration service in distribution systems using a combination fuzzy-ga method. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 15(4):1394–1400, 2000.","Dong-Joon Shin, Jin-O Kim, Tae-Kyun Kim, Jin-Boo Choo, and C Singh. Optimal service restoration and reconfiguration of network using genetic-tabu algorithm. Electric Power Systems Research, 71(2):145–152, 2004.","Romeu M Vitorino, LP Neves, and HM Jorge. Network reconfiguration to improve reliability and efficiency in distribution systems. In PowerTech, 2009 IEEE Bucharest, pages 1–7. IEEE, 2009.","Muhammad Sarwar and Bilal Asad. A review on future power systems; technologies and research for smart grids. In Emerging Technologies (ICET), 2016 International Conference on, pages 1–6. IEEE, 2016.","Robert Clay Prim. Shortest connection networks and some generalizations. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 36(6):1389–1401, 1957.","J Duncan Glover, Mulukutla S Sarma, and Thomas Overbye. Power System Analysis & Design, SI Version. Cengage Learning, 2012.","MS Srinivas. Distribution load flows: a brief review. In Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000. IEEE, volume 2, pages 942–945. IEEE, 2000.","Carol S Cheng and Dariush Shirmohammadi. A three-phase power flow method for real-time distribution system analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 10(2):671–679, 1995.","Luis Fernando Ochoa Pizzali. Cálculo de fluxo de potência em redes de distribuição com modelagem a quatro fios. UNESP. Ilha solteira, 2003.","Juan Pedro Milaszewicz. Improving jacobi and gauss-seidel iterations. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 93:161–170, 1987.","Michael D Hendy and David Penny. Branch and bound algorithms to determine minimal evolutionary trees. Mathematical Biosciences, 59(2):277–290, 1982.","Jens Clausen. Branch and bound algorithms-principles and examples. Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, pages 1–30, 1999.","Rayapudi Srinivasa Rao, Sadhu Venkata Lakshmi Narasimham, Manyala Ramalinga Raju, and A Srinivasa Rao. Optimal network reconfiguration of large-scale distribution system using harmony search algorithm. IEEE Transactions on power systems, 26(3):1080–1088, 2011.","Chen-Ching Liu, Seung J Lee, and Khoi Vu. Loss minimization of distribution feeders: optimality and algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 4(2):1281–1289, 1989.","V Glamocanin. Optimal loss reduction of distributed networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 5(3):774–782, 1990.","Charles T Huddleston, Robert P Broadwater, and A Chandrasekaran. Reconfiguration algorithm for minimizing losses in radial electric distribution systems. Electric Power Systems Research, 18(1):57–66, 1990.","Fred Glover. Tabu search—part i. ORSA Journal on computing, 1(3):190–206, 1989.","Marcos Antonio do Nascimento Guimarães et al. Reconfiguração de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica utilizando algoritmos de busca tabu. 2005.","André Gomes. Uma introdução à busca tabu. Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, 2009.","Marcel P. Caraciolo. Computação evolucionária: Algoritmos genéticos, 2009.","L.J. Fogel, A.J. Owens, and M.J. Walsh. Artificial Intelligence Through Simulated Evolution. John Wiley & Sons, 1966.","I. Rechenberg. Evolutionsstrategie: Optimierung technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution. Frommann-Holzboog, 1973.","Hans-Paul Schwefel. Numerische Optimierung von Computer-Modellen mittels der Evolutionsstrategie. Birkhauser, 1974.","John Henry Holland. Adaptation in natural and artificial systems: an introductory analysis with applications to biology, control, and artificial intelligence. MIT press, 1992.","John Daniel Bagley. The behavior of adaptive systems which employ genetic and correlation algorithms: technical report. 1967.","RJ Mitchell, B Chambers, and AP Anderson. Array pattern control in the complex plane optimised by a genetic algorithm. In Antennas and Propagation, Tenth International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 436), volume 1, pages 330–333. IET, 1997.","Gustavo Luís Soares. Algoritmos genéticos: Estudo, novas técnicas e aplicações. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, page 40, 1997.","Kalyanmoy Deb, Samir Agrawal, Amrit Pratap, and Tanaka Meyarivan. A fast elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization: Nsga-ii. In International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving From Nature, pages 849–858. Springer, 2000.","R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2008. ISBN 3-900051-07-0.","Power systems test case archive - uwee. https://www2.ee.washington.edu/research/pstca/, 2018. \"acessado em 07/02/2018\".","Ray Daniel Zimmerman, Carlos Edmundo Murillo-Sanchez, and Robert John Thomas. Matpower: Steady-state operations, planning, and analysis tools for power systems research and education. IEEE Transactions on power systems, 26(1):12–19, 2011."]}