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Abstract This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of behavior problems in 3750 four years old children from a birth cohort. Children were followed from birth to four years old through home visits, and questionnaires on child health and development and the Child Behavior Checklist 4-18/CBCL were applied. Prevalence rates were high (total problems 35.6%), particularly externalizing problems, which occurred in 44.4 % of children (48.3% girls; 40.6% boys; p < 0.001). Internalizing problems were less prevalent, occurring in 15.5 % of children (19.1% boys; 11.6% girls; p < 0.001). Regardless of sex, there was a higher prevalence of behavioral problems in children with younger siblings, whose mothers had less education and had no partner.

Over the past three decades, our understanding of the nature, assessment and treatment of childhood mental disorders has increased significantly. Some of the most recent advances come from transdiagnostic and neuropsychological-based approaches. While the relationship of similar neuropsychological deficits with some mental disorders, such as neurodevelopmental and severe mental disorders like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, is widely established, there is more controversy about their relationship with the so-called internalizing and externalizing disorders. In this article, our goal was to highlight the potential of incorporating cognitive strategies from integrative neuropsychological and transdiagnostic approaches to improve the effectiveness of empirically-supported cognitive-behavioral therapy for internalizing and externalizing mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. The results of the present work indicate that the vast majority of internalizing disorders, including the presence of anxiety, depressive, trauma-and stress-related, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, as well as externalizing symptoms (corresponding to conduct disorder and ODD), present neuropsychological deficits and that their consideration may be relevant to improve the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in children and adolescents by incorporating neuropsychology-based assessment and treatment tools. The inclusion of neuropsychological support strategies in therapy for childhood mental disorders implies an advance and has clear implications for the enhancement of psychological care for childhood mental disorders.

Testes psicológicos que avaliam o construto integridade são amplamente utilizados nos Estados Unidos com o objetivo de tentar prever a ocorrência de comportamentos contraprodutivos no ambiente de trabalho, tais como atrasos, roubos e abuso de substâncias químicas. O presente estudo buscou investigar a relação entre integridade e externalização (fator de personalidade ligado à disposição em apresentar problemas ligados ao controle de impulsos), tendo em vista o fato dos dois construtos estarem relacionados conceitualmente. Participaram da pesquisa 209 estudantes de psicologia, provenientes de duas Universidades de Minas Gerais (pública e particular), que foram submetidos à aplicação de uma versão traduzida e adaptada do teste de integridade Personnel Reaction Blank (PRB) e do Inventário de Externalização-100. A investigação da relação entre integridade e externalização indicou uma associação moderada e negativa (r=-0,59) entre os escores globais dos dois instrumentos. Houve, portanto, uma associação entre maior manifestação de comportamentos dignos e honestos e menor manifestação de comportamentos antissociais impulsivos. Sugestões de estudos futuros são apontadas.Psychological tests that assess the construct integrity are widely used in the United States with the aim of preventing the occurrence of counter-productive behaviors in the workplace, such as delays, thefts and chemical substances abuse. The present study aimed to investigate the relation between integrity and externalizing (personality factor that reflects proneness to an array of impulse-control problems) considering that both constructs are conceptually related. A total of 209 Psychology students from two universities in Minas Gerais participated in the present study. They were submitted to a translated and adapted version of the test of integrity Personnel Reaction Blank (PRB) and to the Externalization Inventory-100. The investigation of the relation between integrity and externalizing indicated a negative moderate correlation (r =-0,59). There was, however, an association between bigger honesty trends and smaller antisocial/impulsive tendencies. Suggestions for future studies are pointed in this study.

The present research aimed at verifying if music provokes changes in internalizing and externalizing behaviors in classroom contexts. Seventeen interventions were applied with two groups of students - an experimental one and the control group - at the second grade in a public school in the region of Alto Vale do Itajaí (SC). In the experimental group, children had contact with the lyrics and the melody during the activities and the classroom exercises, while in the control group they only had contact with the lyrics. CBCL (teacher's version) was the instrument carried out by the regular teacher, before and after the interventions. The final results did not validate the H1 of the research, which asserted the existing difference among children with internalizing and externalizing behaviour, when they have music as a mediator inside classroom. However, although the levels are not considered significant, the scores of all domains investigated in research increased, except for fields related to somatic and social problems. Several different hypotheses were searched in the field of literature in order to justify the unreached objectives, such as: frequency of the interventions, research time, rhythm and music tempo, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]