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Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the race (Black versus non-Black) on maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods This is a subanalysis of REBRACO, a Brazilian multicenter cohort study designed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. From February2020 until February 2021, 15 maternity hospitals in Brazil collected data on women with respiratory symptoms. We selected all women with a positive test for COVID-19; then, we divided them into two groups: Black and non-Black women. Finally, we compared, between groups, sociodemographic, maternal, and perinatal outcomes. We obtained the frequency of events in each group and compared them using X2 test; p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. We also estimated the odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). Results 729 symptomatic women were included in the study; of those, 285 were positive for COVID-19, 120 (42.1%) were Black, and 165 (57.9%) were non-Black. Black women had worse education (p = 0.037). The timing of access to the health system was similar between both groups, with 26.3% being included with seven or more days of symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (OR 2.22 CI 1.17–4.21), intensive care unit admission (OR 2.00 CI 1.07–3.74), and desaturation at admission (OR 3.72 CI 1.41–9.84) were more likely to occur among Black women. Maternal death was higher among Black women (7.8% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.048). Perinatal outcomes were similar between both groups. Conclusion Brazilian Black women were more likely to die due to the consequences of COVID-19.

OBJETIVO: avaliação da hemorragia feto-materna (HFM) nas pacientes que receberiam profilaxia da aloimunização Rh com emprego de imunoglobulina anti-D (300 mig), pós-aborto precoce. MÉTODO: foram admitidas no estudo pacientes do grupo sanguíneo Rh negativo, com parceiro Rh positivo ou ignorado, com quadro de aborto até 12 semanas de gestação internadas para curetagem uterina. Uma amostra de 5 ml de sangue venoso destas pacientes foi obtida após o procedimento, na qual realizamos o teste qualitativo de roseta para detectar quais casos necessitariam determinação quantitativa do volume de sangue fetal transferido para circulação materna, que foi então apurado pelo teste de Kleihauer-Betke (K-B). RESULTADOS: das 26 pacientes avaliadas, em uma o teste de roseta foi positivo, e o teste de K-B apontou HFM de 1,5 ml. CONCLUSÕES: a dose de imunoglobulina anti-D nos casos de abortamento até a 12ª semana de gestação deveria ser substancialmente reduzida, parecendo-nos oportuna a disponibilização no mercado nacional de apresentação com 50 mig, que representaria além da economia, maior racionalidade.OBJECTIVE: evaluation of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) in patients who would need Rh alloimmunization with anti-D immunoglobulin (300 mug) prophylaxis after early miscarriage. METHOD: we included in the study Rh (D) negative blood group patients with positive or unknown Rh (D) partners, who had had a miscarriage up to 12 weeks of gestation, and had been admitted to hospital for uterine curettage. After this procedure 5 ml of venous blood was collected from the patients and the rosette test was applied to screen which patients would need quantitative determination of fetal blood transferred to the maternal circulation, by the Kleihauer-Betke test (K-B). RESULTS: out of 26 patients evaluated the rosette test was positive in one , who showed an FMH of 1.5 ml in the K-B test. CONCLUSIONS: the dose of anti-D immunoglobulin used in cases of miscarriage up to 12 weeks of gestation should be substantially reduced. The availability of preparations of 50 mug is recommended, for a more inexpensive and rational treatment.

OBJETIVO: investigar a associação entre o polimorfismo do gene do receptor da progesterona (PROGINS) e o risco de parto prematuro. MÉTODOS: estudo caso-controle, para o qual foram selecionadas 57 pacientes com antecedente de parto prematuro (Grupo Caso) e 57 pacientes com parto a termo na gravidez atual e sem antecedentes de parto prematuro (Grupo Controle). Foi realizada a coleta de 10 mL de sangue por venopunção de veia periférica para extração de DNA. As genotipagens foram feitas por reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) nas condições de ciclagem específicas para o polimorfismo em estudo seguida de eletroforese em gel de agarose a 2%. Foram determinados três genótipos: selvagem (T1/T1), heterozigoto (T1/T2) e mutado (T2/T2). As frequências genotípicas e alélicas dos dois grupos foram comparadas pelo teste do χ² adotando-se, com o nível de significância, valor pPURPOSE: to investigate the association between gene polymorphism of the progesterone receptor (PROGINS) and the risk of premature birth. METHODS: In this case-control study, 57 women with previous premature delivery (Case Group) and 57 patients with delivery at term in the current pregnancy and no history of preterm delivery (Control Group) were selected. A 10 mL amount of peripheral blood was collected by venipuncture and genomic DNA was extracted followed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under specific conditions for this polymorphism and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The bands were visualized with an ultraviolet light transilluminator. Genotype and allele PROGINS frequencies were compared between the two groups by the χ2 test, with the level of significance set at value p

OBJETIVO: investigar se polimorfismos dos genes que codificam o receptor de progesterona (PROGINS) estão relacionados à ocorrência de aborto espontâneo de repetição (AER). MÉTODOS: em estudo caso-controle, foram selecionados 85 pacientes com antecedente de pelo menos três abortos precoces sem etiologia definida (Grupo Caso) e 157 mulheres com história de pelo menos duas gestações de termo sem intercorrências e sem passado de abortamento (Grupo Controle). Realizada coleta de 10 mL de sangue por punção venosa periférica e extração de DNA pela técnica DTAB/CTAB. As genotipagens foram feitas por reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR), nas condições de ciclagem específica para o polimorfismo em estudo, seguida de amplificação em gel de agarose a 2%. A visualização das bandas foi feita sob luz ultravioleta e os géis foram fotografados. As diferenças genotípicas e alélicas entre os dois grupos para o polimorfismo PROGINS foram calculadas pelo teste de χ2, adotando-se como nível de significância valores de pPURPOSE: to assess a possible association between polymorphism of the progesterone receptor gene (PROGINS) and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). METHODS: in this case-control study, 85 women with at least three previous spontaneous abortions without an identifiable cause (RSA Group) and 157 women with at least two previous term pregnancies without pathologies and no previous miscarriage (Control Group) were selected. An amount of 10 mL of peripheral blood was collected by venipuncture and genomic DNA was extracted by the DTAB/CTAB method, followed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under specific conditions for this polymorphism and by amplification by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The bands were visualized with an ultraviolet light transilluminator and the gels were photographed. Differences in the PROGINS genotype and allele frequencies between groups were analyzed by the χ2 test, with the level of significance set at p

OBJETIVO: avaliar a acurácia da histerossalpingografia e da ultra-sonografia transvaginal bidimensional para o diagnóstico de defeitos uterinos em pacientes com aborto recorrente. MÉTODOS: oitenta pacientes com história de dois ou mais abortos espontâneos consecutivos foram submetidas a histerossalpingografia, ultra-sonografia bidimensional pélvica e transvaginal e histeroscopia ambulatorial. Os achados foram divididos em três grupos: alterações da forma, sinéquias e lesões polipóides. A histeroscopia foi considerada padrão-ouro. A concordância entre os diferentes métodos foi avaliada pelo coeficiente kappa e sua significância foi testada. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05 (alfa=5%). Sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, com intervalos de confiança de 95%, foram calculados. RESULTADOS: defeitos cavitários foram diagnosticados em 29 (36,3%) pacientes, sendo 11 (13,7%) alterações da forma, 17 (21,3%) sinéquias e uma (1,3%) lesão polipóide. A concordância global da histerossalpingografia com a histeroscopia foi de 85,0%, ao passo que da ultra-sonografia foi de apenas 78,7%. Os melhores resultados da histerossalpingografia foram obtidos para os diagnósticos de alterações da forma e sinéquias (acurácia de, respectivamente, 97,5 e 95%). Para lesões polipóides, a histerossalpingografia teve acurácia de apenas 92,5%, devido ao baixo valor preditivo positivo (14,3%). A ultra-sonografia teve acurácia inferior para todos os diagnósticos, 93,7% para alterações da forma e 85% para detecção de sinéquias, às custas principalmente de baixa sensibilidade. CONCLUSÕES: a histerossalpingografia revelou boa acurácia diagnóstica para a pesquisa da cavidade uterina em pacientes com aborto recorrente. A ultra-sonografia mostrou especificidade alta, porém com baixa sensibilidade.PURPOSE: to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) and transvaginal sonography (TVS) in terms of detecting uterovaginal anomalies in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. METHODS: eighty patients who presented two or more consecutive miscarriages were submitted to HSG, TVS and hysteroscopy (HSC). The following diagnoses were considered separately: uterine malformations, intrauterine adhesions and polypoid lesions. Hysteroscopy was the gold standard. The matching among the different methods was evaluated by the kappa coefficient and its significance was tested. The significance level was 0.05 (alpha=5%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, with 95% of statistical confidence interval, were calculated. RESULTS: uterovaginal anomalies were detected in 29 (36.3%) patients: 11 (13.7%) were uterine malformations, 17 (21.3%) intrauterine adhesions and one (1.3%) a polypoid lesion. The global matching between HSG and HSC was 85.5%, while between TVS and HSC it was only 78.7%. The best accuracy of HSG appeared to be for the diagnosis of uterine malformations and intrauterine adhesions (diagnostic accuracy of 97.5 and 95%, respectively). For the diagnosis of polypoid lesions, HSG had a diagnostic accuracy of only 92.5%, due to the low rate of positive predictive value (14.3%). TVS had a worse accuracy for all diagnoses, 93.7% for the diagnosis of uterine malformations and 85% for intrauterine adhesions, due to low sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: histerosalpingography showed a good diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of uterine cavity diseases. TVS had good specificity, but with low sensitivity.