Search

The objective is to analyze critically euthanasia and existing divergent positions for and about the same relation to human dignity. Matters relating to life, liberty and dignity, as fundamental rights and thus under the framework of the Constitution, in various moments of modern times have been the subject of debates, discussions, polemics in various parts of society: academics banks to the Supreme Federal Court. The reasons listed were motivating the choice of subject matter. Euthanasia is a broad question, which includes not only the legal sciences, but several areas of knowledge such as medicine, psychiatry, sociology etc. It is a conflicting issue, given the subjectivity of the concepts that surround this issue, namely: life, death, love, piety among others, where they are executed on the basis of mental models developed over the life of every human being. There was, finally, that euthanasia, despite its complexity and controversy is a prohibited practice in our legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to promote a debate about controversial issues there are pertinent to human ageing, but which are not often discussed by the society. Through bibliographic research, documentary and empirical studies, we presented questions related to ageing, death, euthanasia and suicide. It has been noted in this study that some topics are often considered a taboo, such as euthanasia, but there are countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Colombia where this procedure has already been adopted and, in some cases, even regulated. It has been found in this work that death is often not the greatest fear of the human being, but rather the fear of loss of freedom and control of one's life. Family support, clinical treatments and spirituality can be considered to be great allies in trying to prevent suicide by older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory animals are widely used to contribute to the development of knowledge. Rats and mice are among the main taxonomic groups for such purposes and these animals are bred mostly in animal breeding facilities. In these facilities they are kept under strict environmental control in order to decrease variability of the research's results. It is imperative to recognize the welfare of these animals, due its implications on ethical behavior towards other living beings as well as the quality of results. The objective of the present work was to perform a welfare assessment in rats and mice in four animal breeding facilities (A, B, C and D) of educational institutions in the State of Paraná. For all facilities visited the health and psychological groups of indicators were considered severely compromised and the behavior group of indicators was moderately compromised. The nutritional group of indicators was moderately satisfactory in locations A, B and D and fully satisfactory in C. The environmental group of indicators was severely compromised in locations A and B and moderately compromised in C and D. Environmental enrichment items are not used and measures to reduce pain during euthanasia are not performed in any of the visited locations, suggesting that the actuation in these two areas should be a priority. In general, measures to improve animal welfare in animal facilities in the State of Paraná are urgent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leishmaniasis is characterized as a complex of parasitic diseases and constitutes a major public health problem, ranking among the six major tropical diseases in developing countries according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The dog is considered the most important reservoir of urban infection, being able to present asymptomatic infection, with a high degree of cutaneous parasitism, continuing to transmit the disease. In this context, strict control actions, especially through the euthanasia of seropositive dogs, are necessary. Other methods of control include the use of residual insecticide, environmental management in homes and a rigorous epidemiological surveillance. Euthanasia was initially conceptualized as the act of taking life, and could be applied to humans or animals. Today it can be understood as a practice used to shorten life, in order to relieve or avoid suffering. In Brazil, Interministerial Ordinance n. 1.426 of 2008 prohibits the treatment of infected or sick dogs, and Resolution n. 714, of 2002, of the CFMV provides for procedures for performing euthanasia. In this context, thinking specifically about canine euthanasia as a prophylactic measure for human leishmaniasis, a bioethical discussion should be widely stimulated, since there are other behaviors that can be adopted as preventive measures, such as the treatment of human patients and the control of vectors in the environment. Several studies have also been developed with the help of biotechnology, with stimulation of immunotherapies and vaccine therapies for the control of leishmaniasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great populational density of stray dogs is a reality in the Brazilian municipalities, bringing problems to the urban order and the collective health. This paper describes the actions developed the health agencies of the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the period 2012-2013, seeking the populational control of stray dogs. After the selection of a statistically significant sample, comprised of 47 municipalities, a questionnaire was applied to those responsible for the zoonoses control services of these municipalities. Only 46.8% (n=22) of the municipalities performed some action related to the populational control. The main activities developed were the educational activities on responsible ownership, free sterilization and the adoption projects, even so, present in less than 30% of the municipalities. Now the systematic collection with later euthanasia is no longer a frequent practice in the State of Rio de Janeiro, not having been reported by any municipality evaluated. In general, the few actions seeking the populational control of stray dogs developed by the municipality evaluated, in all the Health Regions, were fragmented and did not follow a performance protocol with integrated actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the scientific production on the perception of professionals and nursing students with the practice of disthanasia and orthothanasia. Metodology: An integrative review of literature was realized in databases as: Bireme, Medline, PubMed with these keywords "nursing", "euthanasia", "intensive cares" and "perceptions" in the languages Portuguese, English and Spanish. 204 articles were found, but only 14 articles responded to the objective of the research. The analysis of the results was carried out through thematic analysis, grouped into thematic units. Results: they pointed to decision making process of the patient and his family: Lack of education and communication among professionals on the subject; Negative feelings experienced during service and fear of suffering any legal sanction. Conclusion: It is necessary to invest more in education on the subject during graduation, stimulate communication between professionals, and enhance their feelings and concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the quality of life of terminally ill patients, focusing on topics such as the right to a dignified death, the doctor-patient relationship, the importance of family support, and the ethical, moral, legal and social limits that obstruct the practice of euthanasia. The importance of ensuring the free and informed consent of the patient or his / her family is verified, an essential factor in the doctor-patient relationship, since it takes into account the risks and benefits of the treatment offered. Thus, the family gains prominence and fundamental role in order to ensure that the patient is not abandoned, and palliation is seen as a way of maintaining care that safeguard the dignity of the human person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the quality of life of terminally ill patients, focusing on topics such as the right to a dignified death, the doctor-patient relationship, the importance of family support, and the ethical, moral, legal and social limits that obstruct the practice of euthanasia. The importance of ensuring the free and informed consent of the patient or his / her family is verified, an essential factor in the doctor-patient relationship, since it takes into account the risks and benefits of the treatment offered. Thus, the family gains prominence and fundamental role in order to ensure that the patient is not abandoned, and palliation is seen as a way of maintaining care that safeguard the dignity of the human person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Too often, health professionals are found limited in continuing the treatment of their patients due to structural conditions of public hospitals, as the number of beds, quality of hospital supplies, training of own public professionals, among others. In this sense, the work aims to present the neglect of the rights of personality and fundamental principles in the Brazilian public health system, pointing out the need for public policies to improve the - SUS, more precisely in the failure of its system, taking as example the trivialization of life by a doctor at the Evangelical Hospital in Curitiba - PR. With this example, also sought to present the true meaning of euthanasia, and its evolution in human history, differentiating the practice that took place in the Evangelical Hospital in Curitiba, which was presented by the worldwide media as the euthanasia case in Brazil. The approach to the subject is of paramount importance to bioethics, because aims to enable better reflection on the problem and possible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes to reflect the theme of care at the end of life in bioethics from the perspective of the Christian faith. This theoretical contribution is supported by the living experience of John Paul II, through his own testimony in the last days before his death. In fact, death causes profound questions regarding our existence marked by undeniable condition of finitude. This fatal reality is often experienced before for pain and suffering environment of all orders that afflicts us in our infirmities, as announces his arrival in proximity of our departure from this world. And as we build health professionals focused on content with an emphasis on biotechnological knowledge, it is necessary to insert the integrated knowledge covering the bioethical references to distinguish the therapeutic processes performed. In this paradigm, bioethics presents itself as ethical criteria in related choices between biotechnology and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate about the autonomy of the patient terminal to dispose of their own lives through euthanasia, against the principle of human dignity. Starts the search with the study of general aspects of traditional euthanasia: history, concept, and its variants forms of execution. Secondly, we define brain death and the principles of autonomy and dignity of the human person. Finally, we seek to clarify some ethical and legal aspects of Resolution 1.805/06 the Federal Medical Council, which regulates the practice of orthonasia in terminal patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases are described of female goats, Saanen crossbreds, two months old, with clinical signs of hind limb paresis, incoordination, difficulty breathing and cachexia, which were subjected to euthanasia due to unfavorable prognosis. At necropsy it was possible to observe that there was congestion of the central nervous system (CNS) and pulmonary consolidation in both goats. Microscopic changes were characterized by multifocal lymphoplasmacytic leucoencephalomielitis, with vacuolization of neuropile and axonal spheroids, leptomeningitis, interstitial nonsupurative pneumonia in goat A and bacterial bronchopneumonia in goat B. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was positive for the caprine arthritis - encephalitis virus in thalamus fragments. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was performed in sera sample of twenty animals and sixteen resulted positive. Diagnosis of the nervous form of caprine arthritisencephalitis virus (CAEV) infection was based on clinical and pathological status, IHC and AGID. This clinical presentation of CAE could be uncommon in Brazil, but must be considered in case of neurologic diseases in small ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant since Antiquity, Euthanasia has been in the limelight during recent years. The cinema, literature and other social media highlight it and position themselves in favor or against the practice. Current investigation analyzes the influence of death within society from Antiquity up to the formation of modern thought, the changes which occurred and its subsequent factors and consequences. The right to live, guaranteed in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, is a standing point. From the moment such right is placed within the upper plane of the country's law, one may examine the evolution of humanitarian thought and the relevance that the human person has within the State. Is life a non-disposable good in all cases or it may be abbreviated to avoid sufferings of other human persons? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand life and death in current life, the author point out three major systems of thoughts. The first one, called medicalbiological model, is pointed out from three different perspectives, namely: the organic, the neurosensitive and the singular perspective. All of them is based on the doctrine of vitalism. In vitalism perspective, there is a strength or inherent to life and vital impulse acting directly on organized matter which force or vital impulse would result in life itself in relation to humans or animals . The second one, the religious model, is founded on the idea of sacredness of life and unworthy of life and are based on Judeo- Christian precepts. Finally, the third model, the legal and political, legitimate actions preservation of life and penalty of death, operating fractures in the two previous models. Life and death in this model are understood from the device of law and legal system. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the issue of euthanasia and finitude, discussing them from a theoretical and philosophical view, trying to show the place of negativity in human subjectivity. It then presents some current data on euthanasia in Brazil and in the world to finally analyze the issue through the paradigm shift from biopolitics to tanatopolitic in Giorgio Agamben approuch. We conclude that the advancement of medical technology has forced more and more legal and political system to convert the policy on the life (biopolitics) in a policy on death (tanatopolitic), bringing as a result the need to think about: a) the management of palliative care (orthotanasia); b) psychological support to patients and their families; c) the institutionalization of organ donation and e) the policy to legalize euthanasia and orthotanasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the effects of immobilization for 21 and 45 days on the structures of the knee joints of rats. For this, 10 male Rattus Navergicus albinus, Wistar lineage, were used, divided into 2 groups, one immobilized for 21 days, and the other, for 45 days. After the immobilization period, the animals were euthanized and the joints analyzed histologically. The results were submitted to paired t-test, at 5% significance. It was observed a significant increase in the number of chondrocytes of the superficial zone of the articular cartilage of the femur (p=0.007) and tibia (0.005) in the group immobilized for 45 days, when compared to the control, which was statistically confirmed. The results allowed concluding that the articular cartilage of the femur and tibia, immobilized for 45 days, undergo changes in the population of chondrocytes, which can affect negatively the joint biomechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the surgical problems in birds, the fractures are the most prevalent. Due to variations in size, weight, peculiar bone anatomy, high incidence of complicated fractures and functional demands of different species and individuals, it is still not possible to establish an ideal method for osteosynthesis of long bones in birds. Titanium microplates commonly used in human maxillofacial surgery have been recently employed in osteosynthesis of birds, but with few results available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of titanium microplates in the treatment of tibiotarsus fractures in 30 pigeons (Columba livia) , adult males and females, with 7 months old, weighing from 400 to 500. The animals were divided into 3 groups with ten animals each. In group 1, a titanium microplate with 6 holes and a central spacer was used; in group 2, a titanium microplate with 8 holes without a spacer in the center was used; in group 3, a titanium microplate with 8 holes with central spacer was used. After clinical evaluation, the birds were submitted to mid-diaphyseal osteotomy in the right bone for placement of different configurations of the titanium plate, and fixed with titanium microscrews 7mm long. The animals were evaluated clinically and radiographically until 90 days postoperatively. After this period, euthanasia was performed in 2 animals from each group. In all animals was observed bone healing and in group 1 the mean and standard deviation were 32.9±9.9 days, in group 2, 30.8±6.7 days in group 3, 26.6±6.4 days. There was no statistical difference in healing time between groups. The bending of the implant was the most common complication. The configuration of the plate resulted in a statistically significant difference in relation to walking and to the degree of bending in the different groups. Moreover, in group 3 there was higher precocity in the member suppor and a lower degree of bending in relation to other groups. Histologically, it was verified formation of the callus in all animals and presence of bone tissue around the plate and microscrews. Despite the complications of titanium microplates, they are an option for tibiotarsus osteosynthesis in birds of medium size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the use of titanium mesh as an alternative for reconstruction of bone defect created by resection of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal bridge in a dog. After chemotherapy with topic and systemic 5-fluorouracil associated with piroxicam for the tumor mass reduction, it was performed a surgical resection of the affected region, repair of bone defects with titanium mesh and subsequent closing of the wound with musculocutaneous single pedicle advancement flap. The main complication in the postoperative period was the formation of subcutaneous emphysema, which was controlled in three days with air drainage and application of compression bandages. The animal remained without signs of recurrence for eight months. In the tenth month postoperatively, the patient presented myiasis in local recurrence and the owner opted for euthanasia. In this case, it was possible to conclude that titanium mesh was a suitable material for the reconstruction of the nasal bridge, having as main complication the occurrence of subcutaneous emphysema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior issues directly affect animal and human welfare. In some countries, behavior problems are the main reasons for abandonment and euthanasia of companion animals. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of behavior problems among dogs seem by Brazilian veterinarians, by sending questionnaires to be responded by veterinarians at university referral animal hospitals in Brazil. Among 101 responses, 91.1% of participants affirmed to be consulted about behavior issues, and 82.2% said that they mostly concern dogs. Most veterinarians (56.7%) try to solve some behavior cases by themselves and refer others to a specialized colleague. Most affirmed to do not perform euthanasia due to behavior issues (89.1%). The most common complaint among owners was destructive behavior, followed by aggressions. The most recommended treatment for aggressive behavior and inappropriate elimination of urine was behavior therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior issues directly affect animal and human welfare. In some countries, behavior problems are the main reasons for abandonment and euthanasia of companion animals. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of behavior problems among dogs seem by Brazilian veterinarians, by sending questionnaires to be responded by veterinarians at university referral animal hospitals in Brazil. Among 101 responses, 91.1% of participants affirmed to be consulted about behavior issues, and 82.2% said that they mostly concern dogs. Most veterinarians (56.7%) try to solve some behavior cases by themselves and refer others to a specialized colleague. Most affirmed to do not perform euthanasia due to behavior issues (89.1%). The most common complaint among owners was destructive behavior, followed by aggressions. The most recommended treatment for aggressive behavior and inappropriate elimination of urine was behavior therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"To think, is above all, to create a world" (Camus, 2005, p.91) The quote by Albert Camus, introduces that it is not enough just to provide nursing care; with kindness, solicitude and sympathy but also to question the action itself, to think about; the reason of things and then act on it. This reflection tries to delineate a new way. A different concept of euthanasia. Euthanasia, why? The wish of dying, whil concern the really intention of patient? the Those are some questions we ask and try to answer. Death is the only certainty in life and because it's unchangeable it's filled with curiosity and enigmas. In an attempt to uncover the mystery we invite you to elaborate this reflection with us... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven year-old Belgian Shepherd female dog presented faltering in the right pelvic limb, with no radiographic alterations. After acupuncture session, the patient showed clinically temporary improvement. With the evolution of the symptoms to paraplegia, even though she was being treated, a myelography exam was performed and no alterations were found, suggesting the degenerative myelopathy diagnosis. Euthanasia was performed due to the aggravation of the case and the bad prognosis. The diagnosis was confirmed after a necropsy exam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an agent of an important infectious disease in dogs. The objective of this study was to analyze the main clinical signs present in animals with distemper and compare them to the progression of disease. 175 animals suspected of distemper were evaluated from March/2010 to June/2011. The presence of CDV was confirmed in 89 dogs (50.9%). The most frequent clinical symptom was conjunctivitis (77.5%) and in the clinical course of 84 of them, 42 (50%) were discharged, 30 (35.7%) were euthanized and 12 (14.3%) died during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work was to report a case of caecum - colic leiomyosarcoma in a dog with one year old. The animal had blood diarrhea and progressive weight loss. During the abdomen palpation was confirmed the presence of a mass in the colon and was subsequently conducted an abdominal ultrasound examination, with evidence of a high vascular mass in the region of the cecum, suggesting a cancer. At the request of the owner euthanasia was performed. The result of the pathological examination was leiomyosarcoma cecum-colon and classified as rare because the animal's age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]