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Copyright of Arcos: Design, Cultura e Visualidade is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT The use of gaseous inhalation agents for animal euthanasia offers rapid action due to easy access to the arterial circulation. The neuroprotective property of postmortem brain tissue collection was investigated using isoflurane and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the serum bioindicators of sodium and potassium. Serum samples were collected from 3 groups of animals (n=8) and donated to this study, previously approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA 173/2020). The serum groups analyzed were named isoflurane, CO2 and cannabidiol (CBD/CO2). The results demonstrated that the three groups had elevated potassium levels compared to the control group (*, p

According to official statistics, more and more people are dying from chronic and oncological diseases, dragging the last days of life into health institutions. In this sense, the discussion about the defence of the dignity of the patient at the end of life has often gone hand in hand with the discussion of euthanasia. We carried out an exploratory study of a qualitative nature, with the aim of identifying the situations that, in the opinion of nursing students, can lead to the loss of dignity of the terminally ill patient and the reasons that can lead them to request euthanasia. The sample consisted of 55 undergraduate nursing students, and the data was collected using a questionnaire consisting mainly of open questions. The data was processed using content analysis following the procedures described by Bardin. The main results indicate that the situations that can lead patients to feel a loss of dignity are loss of autonomy, abandonment, suffering, lack of respect, pity and loss of self. The reasons for evoking euthanasia are suffering, loss of autonomy, loss of hope, being a burden on the family and loss of meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Dereito Actual is the property of Asociacion Xuristas en Accion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Spanish government recently passed legislation that legalized euthanasia. This article analyzes the Organic Law on the Regulation of Voluntary Euthanasia by exploring its procedural aspects, the various methods of providing assistance to die and the medical role under the law. After this examination, the article points out three potential problems with respect to the law’s practical implementation. The first potential problem is the lack of explicit regulation regarding the assistance to die as provided to patients with mental disorders. Second, the law is unclear concerning the permissible extent of the legal assistance to die for patients self-administrating the lethal drug. Third, the ambiguous role assigned to medical staff during the final phases of euthanasia, especially concerning the duty of “observation and support”. This study concludes that the new law, despite its proponents’ thorough effort to guarantee the right to receive euthanasia, contains significant loopholes that may generate future controversies.

The use of antimicrobials as growth promoters and disease prevention is being constantly reduced in several animal production systems, including in the swine industry. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using acidifiers to control Salmonella Typhimurium in 65-day-old pigs by detecting the pathogen in organs at euthanasia. For this, 24 piglets were divided into two experimental groups consisting of 12 piglets each. An untreated control group (G1) and a treatment group (G2) received a liquid organic acidifier in the drinking water for 10 days (D-5 to D5). Five days after the start of treatment (D0), all piglets were challenged with 106 CFU of Salmonella Typhimurium and assessed for 12 days (D12). Every three days (D3, D6, D9, and D12), three animals from each experimental group were euthanized and then submitted for necropsy. Samples from the intestines (ileum, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileocolic lymph nodes), liver, spleen, and lungs were collected to isolate Salmonella. The results show that, numerically, Salmonella isolation in the organs of G2 was lower than in G1 and that the number of positive cecum samples in G1 (66.7%; 8/12) was statistically different from the number of positive models in G2 (16.7%; 2/12), with a reduction of 28.6% of the total cecum positive samples in the treated group compared to the control. Therefore, it was observed that the liquid organic acidifier product could reduce the colonization of organs by Salmonella Typhimurium.

Copyright of Católica Law Review is the property of Catolica Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lex Medicinae: Revista Portuguesa de Direito da Saúde is the property of Centro de Direito Biomedico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is expanding, and it is distributed in the five geographic regions of Brazil, with the Northeast being the region that presents the most significant number of registered cases. The main urban reservoir of the etiological agent of VL is the domestic dog, and it is known that canine cases precede human cases. One of the control actions of VL, recommended by the Ministry of Health, is performing the euthanasia of seropositive dogs. In 2013, in the municipality of Iguatama/MG, the first canine serological survey was carried out in the city, with a prevalence of 8.3% of seropositive dogs for Leishmania infantum. Of the seropositive animals for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) in this survey, 84% were euthanized, and 16% died within two years after diagnosis. No other control measures for CVL were taken in the municipality. The objectives of the present study were to determine the current prevalence of seropositive dogs for CVL in the municipality of Iguatama and to observe the impact of euthanasia of seropositive dogs to VL as the only control measure performed in this municipality, which is considered an enzootic area of the disease. For this, a new canine epidemiological survey was carried out in the municipality of Iguatama, following the guidelines of the Manual of Surveillance and Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Blood samples were collected from 270 dogs and tested by DPP® immunochromatographic test and by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The animals that presented inconclusive results had new blood samples collected and analyzed. The only animal that showed a positive result in DPP® and undetermined in the ELISA, in the first evaluation, became seropositive four months later, so this study reinforces the recommendation of the Ministry of Health to reassess dogs that present inconclusive results for CVL. From a total of 270 samples, 21 (7.8%) were reagents in both tests. Thus, the prevalence of seropositive dogs for CVL, in 2017, in the urban area of the municipality of Iguatama was 7.8%. The Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) molecular technique confirmed infection by L. infantum in the ten dogs sampled with CVL-positive serology. The comparison between the current prevalence (after euthanasia) with that found in 2013 (8.3%), there was no significant difference (p=0.764). The prevalence of CVL in the urban area of the municipality of Iguatama is still high, making it possible to presume that the euthanasia of seropositive dogs for CVL, and the absence of monitoring or other interventions measures, did not contribute to decrease the transmission of the parasite and was not sufficient for the control of CVL in the municipality of Iguatama, an area considered as non-endemic to CVL until 2013.

The 2019 Harvard Medical School Annual Bioethics Conference questioned if we’re controlling death by choosing when and how we die. This integrative review compared literature findings with the discussion of the Conference. While people discuss comfort and dignity in their end-of-life, legal and ethical aspects of Palliative Care and other exit options like Palliative Sedation to Unconscioussness, Voluntarily stopping eating and drinking, Physician-assisted death and Voluntary active euthanasia must be discussed, as well as Advance Directives and palliative care team. We concluded arguing which other health conditions (psychiatric, cardiovascular or respiratory) could benefit from the exit options.

ABSTRACT: This research reports the use of different diagnostic tests in cattle, naturally infected by Rabies lyssavirus (RABV), and correlates the positivity of the tests with the clinical moment of euthanasia, the intensity of the inflammatory lesion and viral load. It also highlights the possibility of euthanasia in early stages of the disease as a way to improve animal welfare. For that, samples of 34 bovine brains were collected for analysis, preserved in 10% buffered formaline and refrigerated with subsequent freezing. The samples were subjected to direct immunofluorescence antibody technique (DFAT) tests, viral isolation in cell culture (VICC), histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Shorr stainied neural tissue smears (DSS), Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and polymerase chain reaction by quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT-PCR). The areas used for analysis were the cerebellum, parietal telencephalon and thalamus. Samples with Negri bodies (NBs) or immunostaining in at least one of the analyzed areas were considered positive. For the study of the intensity of histological lesions, the lesions were classified into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3 and the positivity of the test in the presence or absence of NBs in one of the three areas analyzed. To verify the influence of the disease clinical evolution, 4-four groups of analysis were created according to the animal’s clinical status at moment of the euthanasia, being: M1 = animal euthanized while standing, M2 = euthanized when in sternal recumbence, M3 = euthanized when in lateral recumbence, M4 = animal with natural death. Of the 34 brains evaluated, IHC was positive in 100% of cases, DFAT was positive in 97.05% of them, and in this negative sample the presence of RABV was confirmed by VICC. NBs ere seen in 88.23% of the cases, and the DSS test was positive in 82.35% of them. All diagnostic techniques showed positive cases in all groups analyzed. Each case was positive in at least two diagnostic methods. All cases that contained NBs were positive for rabies in the other tests. In this study, it was observed that the variables analyzed (intensity of injury and clinical evolution at the moment of euthanasia) had an influence only on HE and DSS techniques, which are based on NB research to form the diagnosis, but did not interfere with the effectiveness of the diagnosis performed by detecting the viral antigen performed by DFAT and IHC. All isolated RABV samples included in the present study have a genetic lineage characteristic of hematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus. The evaluation of qRT-PCR showed that the amount of virus did not interfere in the positivity of the tests. This work shows that IHC and DFAT are safe diagnostic techniques. They are capable of detecting RABV even in euthanized animals in the early stages of clinical evolution with mild intensities of histological lesions.

In discussions about assisted dying (euthanasia, assisted suicide), those who argue ‘against’ legalisation often reason from a religious angle, whereas those ‘in favour’ adopt a secular stance. The Dutch experience is more nuanced: here, euthanasia advocacy largely originated from protestant religious believers. In this contribution, I criticise the use of religious arguments favouring any specific position. Religion may provide a heuristic context to explore norms relevant in the discussion, and religion may help us formulate our personal stance. But when it comes to societal debates (often focusing on whether or not to legalise euthanasia), we should concentrate on legal, societal, empirical, and ethical arguments that are understandable to all.

This paper analyzes the opinions on and attitudes towards the end of life among the population residing in Argentina. The data presented are taken from the Second National Survey of Religious Beliefs and Attitudes in Argentina, which was conducted on a multi-stage sample of 2421 cases in 89 districts throughout the country. Opinions about the end of life include positions in favor of euthanasia, requesting life extension through life support technologies, and leaving death to God’s will. Religious beliefs and affiliations prove to be determining variables in the positions taken by Argentine citizens regarding the end of life, death, and euthanasia. Furthermore, among those without any religious affiliation, some positions of autonomy over their bodies stand out: prolonging life and bringing life to an end, which means that their support for euthanasia can be assumed. The data presented here intend to contribute to planning health policies about the end-of-life process. The different views on this process or, in other words, the beliefs, values, and needs of patients and their families have a unique relevance that must be considered in the organization of care settings in end-of-life contexts.

Copyright of Espaço Jurídico: Journal of Law is the property of Espaco Juridico: Journal of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective is to analyze critically euthanasia and existing divergent positions for and about the same relation to human dignity. Matters relating to life, liberty and dignity, as fundamental rights and thus under the framework of the Constitution, in various moments of modern times have been the subject of debates, discussions, polemics in various parts of society: academics banks to the Supreme Federal Court. The reasons listed were motivating the choice of subject matter. Euthanasia is a broad question, which includes not only the legal sciences, but several areas of knowledge such as medicine, psychiatry, sociology etc. It is a conflicting issue, given the subjectivity of the concepts that surround this issue, namely: life, death, love, piety among others, where they are executed on the basis of mental models developed over the life of every human being. There was, finally, that euthanasia, despite its complexity and controversy is a prohibited practice in our legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lex Medicinae: Revista Portuguesa de Direito da Saúde is the property of Centro de Direito Biomedico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quaestio Iuris (QI) is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to promote a debate about controversial issues there are pertinent to human ageing, but which are not often discussed by the society. Through bibliographic research, documentary and empirical studies, we presented questions related to ageing, death, euthanasia and suicide. It has been noted in this study that some topics are often considered a taboo, such as euthanasia, but there are countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Colombia where this procedure has already been adopted and, in some cases, even regulated. It has been found in this work that death is often not the greatest fear of the human being, but rather the fear of loss of freedom and control of one's life. Family support, clinical treatments and spirituality can be considered to be great allies in trying to prevent suicide by older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory animals are widely used to contribute to the development of knowledge. Rats and mice are among the main taxonomic groups for such purposes and these animals are bred mostly in animal breeding facilities. In these facilities they are kept under strict environmental control in order to decrease variability of the research's results. It is imperative to recognize the welfare of these animals, due its implications on ethical behavior towards other living beings as well as the quality of results. The objective of the present work was to perform a welfare assessment in rats and mice in four animal breeding facilities (A, B, C and D) of educational institutions in the State of Paraná. For all facilities visited the health and psychological groups of indicators were considered severely compromised and the behavior group of indicators was moderately compromised. The nutritional group of indicators was moderately satisfactory in locations A, B and D and fully satisfactory in C. The environmental group of indicators was severely compromised in locations A and B and moderately compromised in C and D. Environmental enrichment items are not used and measures to reduce pain during euthanasia are not performed in any of the visited locations, suggesting that the actuation in these two areas should be a priority. In general, measures to improve animal welfare in animal facilities in the State of Paraná are urgent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

75 opinions from elderly people of low socioeconomic classes living in a specific community were investigated, about whether they would allow euthanasia to be performed on family members. 77.3% wouldn't perform euthanasia. Regarding permission to a physician, the following responded with negatives: 78.7% against the active form, 68% against the passive, and 62.7% against double effect. The contrary arguments were: religious issues, belief in destiny, hope of healing, don't want to take responsibility and guilty conscience.

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Leishmaniasis is characterized as a complex of parasitic diseases and constitutes a major public health problem, ranking among the six major tropical diseases in developing countries according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The dog is considered the most important reservoir of urban infection, being able to present asymptomatic infection, with a high degree of cutaneous parasitism, continuing to transmit the disease. In this context, strict control actions, especially through the euthanasia of seropositive dogs, are necessary. Other methods of control include the use of residual insecticide, environmental management in homes and a rigorous epidemiological surveillance. Euthanasia was initially conceptualized as the act of taking life, and could be applied to humans or animals. Today it can be understood as a practice used to shorten life, in order to relieve or avoid suffering. In Brazil, Interministerial Ordinance n. 1.426 of 2008 prohibits the treatment of infected or sick dogs, and Resolution n. 714, of 2002, of the CFMV provides for procedures for performing euthanasia. In this context, thinking specifically about canine euthanasia as a prophylactic measure for human leishmaniasis, a bioethical discussion should be widely stimulated, since there are other behaviors that can be adopted as preventive measures, such as the treatment of human patients and the control of vectors in the environment. Several studies have also been developed with the help of biotechnology, with stimulation of immunotherapies and vaccine therapies for the control of leishmaniasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great populational density of stray dogs is a reality in the Brazilian municipalities, bringing problems to the urban order and the collective health. This paper describes the actions developed the health agencies of the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the period 2012-2013, seeking the populational control of stray dogs. After the selection of a statistically significant sample, comprised of 47 municipalities, a questionnaire was applied to those responsible for the zoonoses control services of these municipalities. Only 46.8% (n=22) of the municipalities performed some action related to the populational control. The main activities developed were the educational activities on responsible ownership, free sterilization and the adoption projects, even so, present in less than 30% of the municipalities. Now the systematic collection with later euthanasia is no longer a frequent practice in the State of Rio de Janeiro, not having been reported by any municipality evaluated. In general, the few actions seeking the populational control of stray dogs developed by the municipality evaluated, in all the Health Regions, were fragmented and did not follow a performance protocol with integrated actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the scientific production on the perception of professionals and nursing students with the practice of disthanasia and orthothanasia. Metodology: An integrative review of literature was realized in databases as: Bireme, Medline, PubMed with these keywords "nursing", "euthanasia", "intensive cares" and "perceptions" in the languages Portuguese, English and Spanish. 204 articles were found, but only 14 articles responded to the objective of the research. The analysis of the results was carried out through thematic analysis, grouped into thematic units. Results: they pointed to decision making process of the patient and his family: Lack of education and communication among professionals on the subject; Negative feelings experienced during service and fear of suffering any legal sanction. Conclusion: It is necessary to invest more in education on the subject during graduation, stimulate communication between professionals, and enhance their feelings and concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the moral dilemmas associated with death and carries out a reflection on the questions that arise when death is considered trivial from the perspective of the individual who dies. Additionally, the article analyzes the ethical and legal consequences of acknowledging the moral autonomy of those who, in extreme circumstances, decide when and how to die.