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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the fact that bariatric surgery (CB) reduces the inflammatory process and cardiometabolic risk, few studies have evaluated the impact of this procedure on environmental, biochemical, hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory factors on body composition, prospectively, especially by scrutinizing users of the Unified Health System. Health (SUS). Therefore, this study aims to analyze the evolution of cardiometabolic risk in patients undergoing CB and its association with environmental, biochemical, hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory, and body composition factors. It was an analytical, longitudinal, prospective, cohort study with two groups and a quantitative approach. Candidates for CB who meet the criteria of the Brazilian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (case group) and volunteers with diabetes mellitus 2 and obesity grade II (control group) will be considered eligible. Body composition, hemodynamic, biochemical, food consumption, and cardiorespiratory data will be collected before surgery and after one, three, six, and twelve months after the procedure. In addition, an ergospirometric test, transthoracic echocardiogram, and bone densitometry (DEXA) was performed. This investigation intends to produce information about the impact of CB on the metabolic, physical, and psychosocial integrity of SUS users. Thus, it is expected to provide public managers with technical information to support efficient and equitable health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airflow obstruction or limitation, and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) corresponds to a therapy that requires returning patients with greater functional capacity, with therapeutic physiotherapy being an essential component of PR. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is used as a practical way to assess the physical capacity of COPD patients after the training program. This study aimed to highlight possible changes in the physical capacity of the individual with COPD after a physical therapy intervention using the 6MWT '. A sample was selected for 37 COPD patients with a mean age of 64.29 years (+10.29), being applied by the 6MWT and by the incremental test below the maximum on the cycle ergometer. Participated in an 8-week physical therapy intervention program, twice a week lasting 50 minutes and subsequently reassessed. As the distance media covered in the 6MWT 'before and after training were respectively 152.86 m and 250.0 m, with no statistical difference (p = 0.138). However, there was an average increase of 97.14 meters in the distance covered after the intervention. A significant reduction in HR (p = 0.03) was noted without incremental testing on the cycle ergometer after the intervention. There was an improvement in the physical capacity of these patients after a therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged immobility is a factor causing recurrent complications in hospitalized and mechanically ventilated patients, which may contribute to an increase in hospitalization time. As a strategy to avoid these deleterious repercussions of prolonged bed rest, physiotherapy has been performing satisfactorily using early mobilization. One of the methods used to mobilize critically ill patients is the cycle ergometer; other practices used are progressive therapies at the bedside. The objective of this work is to synthesize data and evidence of the procedures most used in early mobilization. It is a systematic review, carried out through researches of articles available in the following databases: LILACS, PUBMED, MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library (VHL), SCIELO and PEDro, including randomized controlled clinical trials, clinical trials and almost controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, concurrent or uncontrolled comparative studies, and descriptive studies. The same was done for prospective, retrospective and descriptive studies, in which, its methodology should include the description of the exclusion criteria. 10 eligible articles were included. The cycle ergometer was seen in 6 studies, the orthostatic board in 1 article. Therapeutic practices at the bedside were used in all articles, and the electrostimulation was applied in 2 chosen articles. This research showed that early mobilization can be performed safely and effectively. Regarding the mobilization techniques applied, it was noted that there was no standardization of interventions and parameters, which may have led to heterogeneity in results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ConScientiae Saúde is the property of Nove de Julho University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive destruction of nephron individual for prolonged periods of time. This study aims to determine the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on bone mineral density in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis. This study enrolled individuals adult volunteers with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis for at least three months, regardless of gender or age. Aerobic exercise was performed in the first two hours of hemodialysis session three times a week with a portable ergometer cycle with 12 weeks. To evaluate bone mineral density it was carried out the method of x-ray absorptiometry dual energy technique, known as DEXA. The paired t-test was applied to compare pre and post exercise T-score. The sample included three women (50%) and three men (50%) with a mean age of 54.83±16,87 years. The comparison between pre and post exercise in this study showed increased T-score in four individuals, and in 1 subject did not change and in another there was a decrease, with improved overall average trend. This study found that there was a trend for improvement in BMD in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis with 12 weeks of aerobic exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ConScientiae Saúde is the property of Nove de Julho University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the study was to compare intensities of respiratory compensation point (RCP),anaerobic threshold at onset blood lactate accumulation (OBLA3,5), and anaerobic threshold at lactate abrupt increase (AnTLAC) determined in four different ergometers. Hence, eleven table tennis players (19±1 years) performed graded exercise tests on cycle ergometer, arm cranking ergometer, treadmill and specific table tennis test. The respiratory response and lactatemia were measured during the tests. We did not find significant diferences among RCP, AnTLAC and OBLA3,5 in arm cranking ergometer (63.4±4.8W, 66.9±4.5W and 64.5±6.1W, respectively), treadmill (11.4±0.4 km.h-1, 11.3±0.3 km.h-1 and 11.1±0.3 km.h-1, respectively), and specific table tennis test (40.5±1.8 bolas.min-1, 42.6±3.6bolas.min-1 and 42.8±5.6bolas.min-1,respectively). However, the OBLA 3,5 (131.9±6.6W) was significantly lower than RCP (149.3±4.9W) and AnTLAC (149.3±4.7W) in the cycle ergometer. Strong and significant correlation coefficients were found in the specific test for all methods (r range 0.83 to 0.95), in arm cranking ergometer between RCP and OBLA 3,5 (r=0.78), and on treadmill running between OBLA3,5 and AnTLAC (r=0.76).Therefore, we conclude that RCP, OBLA3,5 and AnTLAC seem to correspond to the same physiological phenomenon, mostly during specific table tennis test.

FUNDAMENTO: A Frequência Cardíaca (FC) alcançada ao final de um teste de exercício (TE) é denominada FC máxima e possui reconhecida relevância clínica e epidemiológica. Para sua medida correta é necessário que o TE seja verdadeiramente máximo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do histórico de exercício físico intenso e/ou participação desportiva competitiva na juventude sobre a FC máxima (% da prevista pela idade) em um teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) clínico. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados retrospectivamente 600 indivíduos não atletas (65,8% homens) com idade de 46 ± 13,7 anos, em prevenção primária de doenças cardiovasculares, submetidos a um TCPE máximo. O perfil de exercício físico na infância/adolescência (PEFIA) foi classificado em escores crescentes de 0 a 4, com o valor 2 correspondendo aos níveis esperados para a faixa etária. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 20 indivíduos com valores de FC máxima igual ou maior do que 200 bpm, nenhum deles tinha sido inativo ou pouco ativo na infância/adolescência. Houve uma associação significativa entre escores de PEFIA e a FC máxima (% da prevista pela idade) (p = 0,02), com um valor de 7 bpm mais alto para os escores de PEFIA 3-4 (32,9% da amostra) quando comparados com 0-2. CONCLUSÃO: Duas hipóteses surgem para explicar esses resultados nos indivíduos mais ativos na juventude: a) persistência de adaptações crônicas do treinamento sobre o cronotropismo cardíaco ou b) maior capacidade e/ou motivação para alcançar um TCPE verdadeiramente máximo. Questionar sobre o perfil de exercício físico na infância/adolescência pode contribuir para a interpretação da FC máxima no TE.BACKGROUND: The heart rate (HR) achieved at the end of an exercise test (ET) is called maximal HR and is known to have clinical and epidemiological relevance. For its correct measurement, it is necessary that the ET be truly maximal. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of a history of intense physical activity and/or participation in sports competitions during youth on the maximal HR (% of age-predicted HR) on a clinical cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). METHODS: A total of 600 non-athlete individuals (65.8% males) with a mean age of 46 ± 13.7 years, under primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and who underwent maximal CPET, were retrospectively selected. Their physical activity profile during childhood/adolescence (PAPCA) was classified in scores growing from 0 to 4, with value 2 corresponding to their respective age-predicted levels. RESULTS: None of the 20 individuals with maximal HR values equal to or greater than 200 bpm had been inactive or somewhat active during childhood/adolescence. A significant association was observed between PAPCA scores and maximal HR (% of age-predicted HR) (p = 0.02), with a 7-bpm higher value for PAPCA scores 3-4 (32.9% of the sample) in comparison to PAPCA 0-2. CONCLUSION: Two hypotheses exist to explain these results in individuals who had been more active during youth: a) persistence of chronic adaptations to training on the cardiac chronotropism, or b) higher ability and/or motivation to achieve a truly maximal CPET. Information on the physical activity profile during childhood / adolescence may contribute to the interpretation of maximal HR on ET.

The objective of this study was to analyze the heart rate (HR) profile plotted against incremental workloads (IWL) during a treadmill test using three mathematical models [linear, linear with 2 segments (Lin2), and sigmoidal], and to determine the best model for the identification of the HR threshold that could be used as a predictor of ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Twenty-two men underwent a treadmill incremental test (retest group: n=12) at an initial speed of 5.5 km.h-1, with increments of 0.5 km.h-1 at 1-min intervals until exhaustion. HR and gas exchange were continuously measured and subsequently converted to 5-s and 20-s averages, respectively. The best model was chosen based on residual sum of squares and mean square error. The HR/IWL ratio was better fitted with the Lin2 model in the test and retest groups (p0.05). During a treadmill incremental test, the HR/IWL ratio seems to be better fitted with a Lin2 model, which permits to determine the HR threshold that coincides with VT1.

RACIONAL: As doenças cardiovasculares representam as complicações mais frequentemente associadas à obesidade. O emagrecimento determina diminuição da pressão arterial e melhora nos parâmetros dos lipídeos e glicose séricos. A perda de peso e sua manutenção reduzem os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, tornando, reversíveis as alterações cardíacas decorrentes da obesidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da perda de peso sobre a capacidade física e as alterações estruturais e funcionais do coração de obesos submetidos à procedimento cirúrgico bariátrico. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e três pacientes submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux, foram analisados por eletrocardiograma, teste ergométrico e ecodopplercardiograma no pré-operatório e um ano após a derivação. Na análise estatística utilizaram-se os testes de Wilcoxon, t de Student, Shapiro-Wilk com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: O peso diminuiu de 116,5 kg ± 21,5 para 80 kg ± 15,9; o IMC de 41,8kg/m2 ± 4,4 para 28,4kg/m2 ± 3,8; a frequência cardíaca reduziu de 77,9 bpm ± 9,6 para 70,9bpm ± 7,8; a pressão sistólica de 130 mmHg ± 20 para 120mmHg ± 10; a diastólica de 80 mmHg ± 10 para 80 mmHg ± 0. O teste ergométrico mostrou aumentos na distância percorrida de 378,9m ± 126,5m para 595m ± 140,4; no coeficiente metabólico (MET) de 6,7 ± 2,4 ml de O2/kg/min para 8,3 ± 2,6ml de O2/kg/min; no consumo de oxigênio (VO2) de 23,1 ± 8,4 para 30 ± 10,3. O ecodopplercardiograma mostrou redução no septo interventricular de 12 mm ± 2 para 10 mm ± 1; parede posterior de 11 mm ± 2 para 10 mm ± 1; massa ventricular de 273 g ± 85 para 216g ± 60. Houve melhora na função diastólica com aumento na relação E'/A'e E/A e da fração de ejeção com elevação de 70,2% ± 7,2 para 72,9% ± 6,4. CONCLUSÃO: Obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica apresentaram melhora na capacidade física e melhora estrutural e funcional do coração.BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent complications associated with obesity. The weight loss determine blood pressure decrease and improvement in parameters of lipid and glucose levels. Weight loss and maintenance reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, making reversible cardiac changes resulting from obesity. AIM: To evaluate the effect of weight loss on physical capacity and the structural and functional heart of obese patients undergoing to bariatric surgery. METHODS: Forty-three patients who underwent gastric Roux-en-Y bypass, were analyzed by ECG, and echocardiography preoperatively and one year after the bypass. Statistical analysis used the Wilcoxon and Student t test, Shapiro-Wilk test with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The weight decreased from 116.5 kg to 21.5 ± 15.9 ± 80 kg, BMI of 41.8 kg/m 2 ± 4.4 to 28.4 kg/m 2 ± 3.8, heart rate decreased from 77.9 ± 9.6 bpm to 70.9 ± 7.8 bpm, systolic pressure of 130 ± 20 mmHg to 120 mmHg ± 10, diastolic 80 mmHg ± 10 mmHg to 80 ± 0. The exercise test showed increases in distance traveled of 378.9 m ± ​​126.5 m to 140.4 ± 595m; coefficient in metabolic equivalents (METs) from 6.7 ± 2.4 ml O 2 / kg / min to 8.3 ± 2.6 ml O 2 / kg / min, oxygen consumption (VO 2) 23.1 ± 8.4 to 10.3 ± 30. The echocardiogram showed a reduction in the interventricular septum of 12 mm to 10 mm ± 2 ± 1; posterior wall of 11 mm to 10 mm ± 2 ± 1; ventricular mass of 273 ± 85 g to 216g ± 60. There was improvement in diastolic function with increase in E '/ A'e E / A and ejection fraction with an increase of 70.2% ± 7.2 to 72.9 ± 6.4%. CONCLUSION: Obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery showed improvement in physical capacity and in the structure/functioning of the heart.

FUNDAMENTO: O tempo para 1,0 mm de depressão do segmento ST (T-1,0 mm), adotado para caracterizar o precondicionamento isquêmico (PCI) em testes ergométricos sequenciais, é consistente e reprodutível, porém, possui várias limitações. OBJETIVO: Aplicar um escore eletrocardiográfico de isquemia miocárdica em testes ergométricos sequenciais, comparando-o com o clássico índice T-1,0 mm. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 61 pacientes, com idade média de 62,2 ± 7,5 anos, sendo 86,9% homens. Foram analisados 151 exames, sendo 116 de pacientes que completaram duas fases de avaliação. A primeira fase compreendia dois testes ergométricos sequenciais para documentação do PCI e a segunda fase, após uma semana, mais dois testes sob efeito de repaglinida. Dois observadores aplicaram o escore de forma cega. RESULTADOS: Observou-se concordância perfeita inter e intraobservador (Kendall Tau-b = 0,96, p < 0,0001, Kendall Tau-b = 0,98,p < 0,0001, respectivamente). Os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo negativo, valor preditivo positivo e acurácia foram de 72,41%, 89,29%, 75,8%, 87,5% e 81,0%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O escore de isquemia é um método consistente e reprodutível para documentação do PCI, representando uma alternativa factível ao índice T-1,0 mm.FUNDAMENTO: El tiempo para 1,0 mm de depresión del segmento ST (T-1,0 mm), adoptado para caracterizar el preacondicionamiento isquémico (PCI) en test ergométricos secuenciales, es consistente y reproducible, sin embargo, posee varias limitaciones. OBJETIVO: Aplicar un escore electrocardiográfico de isquemia miocárdica en test ergométricos secuenciales, comparándolo al clásico índice T-1,0 mm. MÉTODOS: Evaluamos 61 pacientes, con edad media de 62,2 ± 7,5 años, siendo 86,9% hombres. Fueron analizados 151 exámenes, siendo 116 de pacientes que completaron dos fases de evaluación. La primera fase comprendía dos test ergométricos secuenciales para documentación del PCI y la segunda fase, después de una semana, más dos test bajo efecto de repaglinida. Dos observadores aplicaron el escore de forma ciega. RESULTADOS: Se observó concordancia perfecta inter y intraobservador (Kendall Tau-b = 0,96, p < 0,0001, Kendall Tau-b = 0,98,p < 0,0001, respectivamente). Los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo negativo, valor predictivo positivo y precisión fueron de 72,41%, 89,29%, 75,8%, 87,5% y 81,0%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: El escore de isquemia es un método consistente y reproducible para documentación del PCI, representando una alternativa factible al índice T-1,0 mm.BACKGROUND: The time for 1.0 mm ST-segment depression (T-1.0mm) adopted to characterize ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in sequential exercise tests is consistent and reproducible; however, it has several limitations. OBJECTIVE: To apply an electrocardiographic score of myocardial ischemia in sequential exercise tests, comparing it to the conventional T-1.0 mm index. METHODS: Sixty one patients with mean age of 62.2 ± 7.5 years were evaluated; 86.9% were males. A total of 151 tests were analyzed, 116 of which were from patients who completed two assessment phases. The first phase comprised two sequential exercise tests for the documentation of IPC; the second phase, initiated one week later, comprised two more tests carried out under the effect of repaglinide. Two observers who were blind to the tests applied the score. RESULTS: Perfect inter and intraobserver agreement was found (Kendall tau-b = 0.96, p < 0.0001, and Kendall tau-b = 0.98, p < 0.0001, respectively). Values of sensitivity and specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy were 72.41%, 89.29%, 75.8%, 87.5% and 81.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ischemic score is a consistent and reproducible method for the documentation of IPC, and is a feasible alternative to T-1.0 mm.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a acurácia dos atributos do teste de escada (TE) de altura definida utilizando como padrão-ouro o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx). MÉTODOS: O TE foi realizado com incentivo, em escada (6 lances; 72 degraus; 12,16 m de altura total), em 51 pacientes. O 'tempo' de subida foi cronometrado e o 'trabalho' e a 'potência' calculados. O VO2 máx foi obtido por ergoespirometria, utilizando-se o protocolo de Balke. Foram calculados a correlação linear de Pearson (r) e os valores de p entre as variáveis do TE e o VO2 máx. Para o cálculo da acurácia, o ponto de corte do VO2 máx foi estabelecido em 25 mL/kg/min, estratificando os indivíduos em normais ou alterados. Os pontos de corte para os atributos do TE foram obtidos através da curva receiver operating characteristic. A estatística Kappa (k) foi utilizada para estudo da concordância. RESULTADOS: Obtiveram-se os seguintes valores para a variável 'tempo': ponto de corte = 40 s; x= 41 ± 15,5 s; r = -0,707; p < 0,005; especificidade = 89%; sensibilidade = 83%; acurácia = 86% e k = 0,724. Para a variável 'potência', obteve-se ponto de corte = 200 w; x= 222,3 ± 95,2 w; r = 0,515; p < 0,005; especificidade = 67%; sensibilidade = 75%; acurácia = 71% e k = 0,414. A correlação de 'trabalho' com o VO2 máx não foi significativa, sendo esse atributo descartado. CONCLUSÃO: Dos atributos testados do TE, tendo como padrão-ouro o VO2 máx, a variável 'tempo' foi a que apresentou a melhor acurácia.OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the variables related to the fixed-height stair climbing test (SCT) using maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) as the gold standard. METHODS: The SCT was performed on a staircase consisting of 6 flights (72 steps; 12.16 m total height), with verbal encouragement, in 51 patients. Stair-climbing 'time' was measured, and the variables 'work' and 'power' also being calculated. The VO2 max was measured using ergospirometry according to the Balke protocol. We calculated the Pearson linear correlation (r), as well as the values of p, between the SCT variables and VO2 max. To determine accuracy, the VO2 max cut-off point was set at 25 mL/kg/min, and individuals were classified as normal or altered. The cut-off points for the SCT variables were determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The Kappa statistic (k) was used in order to assess concordance. RESULTS: The following values were obtained for the variable 'time': cut-off point = 40 s; x= 41 ± 15.5 s; r = "0.707; p < 0.005; specificity = 89%; sensibility = 83%; accuracy = 86%; and k = 0.724. For 'power', the values obtained were as follows: cut-off point = 200 w; x= 222.3 ± 95.2 w; r = 0.515; p < 0.005; specificity = 67%; sensibility = 75%; accuracy = 71%; and k = 0.414. Since the correlation between 'work' and VO2 max was not significant, that variable was discarded. CONCLUSION: Of the SCT variables tested, using VO2 max as the gold standard, the variable 'time' was the most accurate.

The use of carbohydrate (CH) as a nutritional supplement is related to better sports performance. Some studies have noted a relationship between consumption and brain activation influencing the performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CH consumption in the activation of certain brain areas during exercise, performed simultaneously the acquisition of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten men cyclists (32.1 ± 4.1 years, weight 76.8 ± 14.6 kg) performed a pedaling exercise protocol, with high intensity (Borg Scale), on a cycleergometer coupled to magnetic resonance (MR) and ingested 50g CH or placebo in the range of two sets of exercise. The CH ingestion showed influence on brain areas during exercise, activating areas related to decision-making (insula) and motivation (limbic system) and mainly disabling motor areas (frontal lobe) and introspection (precuneus). With the use of placebo, there was also activation of important areas in the motivation of the individual (posterior cingulate). In addition, areas associated with the initiation and maintenance of movement, located on the front lobe and cerebellum, was active. With the use of CH, areas important for maintenance of the exercise have been activated showing that supplementation can influence the brain activation during exercise to improve the sport performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of prior severe exercise (PSE) on the critical power (CP) and anaerobic work capacity (AWC) determined during cycling exercise. Seven males, performed on different days, the following protocols on a cycle ergometer: (a) incremental test to determine ventilatory threshold (VT), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and its corresponding intensity (IVO2max), (b) six constant-work-rate tests in random order, with (PSE) and without (CON) the completion of PSE. The PSE was preceded by 6 min at 70%Δ (i.e., 70% of the difference between VT and IVO2max). The estimation of the CP at CON condition (199.71 ± 27.08 W) was not significantly different from the condition PSE (211.71 ± 29.92 W). Similarly, AWC was not significantly different between conditions (CON = 23.46 ± 10.76 kJ vs. PSE= 17.51 ± 8.44 kJ). Thus, prior severe exercise (70%Δ) followed by 6 min of recovery does not influence the estimation of CP and AWC in active individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ConScientiae Saúde is the property of Nove de Julho University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Wingate test seems to be the gold standard test to assess the anaerobic potential. The test involves the application of a load resistance which represents a percentage of the subject's body weight. The purpose of the study was to determine the resistance, expressed as a percentage of body weight, to be applied by swimmers in the Wingate test performed in cycle ergometer. The sample was composed by seven male and seven female swimmers. In order to determine the optimal resistance to apply to each swimmer, a pre-test nx10s was performed (15min rest between repetitions). The resistance applied in each trial was 7.5% of the body weight, increased 0.5% bouts. The optimal resistance was then applied in the Wingate test as determined in the pre-test and added and subtracted 0.5% of the body weight. A non-linear relationship was observed between the power and the external charge. The optimal load resistance value for swimmers of both genders was higher than the standard value of 7.5%. Load resistance values were 9.50 ± 0.65% for male and 9.86 ± 1.18% for female swimmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to verify the reliability of selected variables during Wingate anaerobic test, physiologic markers and perceptual associated in trained cyclists. Fifteen male cyclists performed three tests, with workload of 0.087 times the body mass. Measures of peak power, average power, minimum power, fatigue index, heart rate, perceived effort and lactate concentration were collected. It was verified data normality, applied ANOVA One Way repeated with Tukey as post-hoc test, intraclass coefficient correlation and Bland Altman test. Results showed no significant different for the peak power, fatigue index, lactate concentration, heart rate and perceived effort between tests. Of these, peak power, heart rate and perceived effort high and significant intraclass correlation scores were found (.797−.975). Also, peak power showed good agreement between tests. In conclusion, the Wingate anaerobic test showed high reliability for peak power, heart rate and perceived effort in recreational cyclists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Terapia Manual is the property of Revista Terapia Manual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ConScientiae Saúde is the property of Nove de Julho University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study which examines the agreement between the categories of the Borg and OMNI scales of perceived exertion used in cycle ergometer exercise. The study measures the heart rate (HR) and power (W) of 26 male indoor cyclists at the end of each stage with increasing loads. It is found out that the two scales show a high correlation, with significant differences in HR in the first three categories and in W in the first two stages.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to use a cycle ergometer to assess cardiorespiratory changes during active exercise and to verify patients' satisfaction with this type of activity., Methods: A single intervention involving active lower limb exercise was performed with a cycle ergometer (without load) for 5 minutes. The following variables were measured before, during and immediately after exercise: heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation and the Borg dyspnea scale score. Following the exercise, the patients answered a questionnaire to evaluate their satisfaction with this type of activity., Results: A total of 38 patients (65% male) with a mean age of 48 ± 16 years old participated in the study. Enrolled patients presented a sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of 2 (0 - 5 scale). During the exercise, 16% of the patients used ventilation support and 55% of them were breathing at room air. A comparison of the initial and final values of the variables indicated increases in the heart rate (92 ± 17 beats/min vs. 95 ± 18 beats/min; p<0.05), the respiratory rate (19 ± 8 breaths/min vs. 23 ± 8 breaths/min; p<0.05) and the Borg dyspnea scale score (1.3 ± 1.8 vs. 2.8 ± 2.2; p<0.05). In addition, 85% of the patients reported enjoying the activity. Only 25% of the patients reported some discomfort, and 100% of the patients wanted to repeat this type of activity in future treatments., Conclusion: During the cycle ergometer exercises, minor cardiorespiratory changes were observed in the patients. The evaluated patients reported high satisfaction with this type of activity.

Background: The presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased mortality and chronic microvascular complications of diabetes., Objective: To investigate a possible association between specific findings of CAN during exercise testing (ET) and nephropathy and retinopathy in patients with type 1 DM., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 84 patients with type 1 DM. All patients underwent clinical laboratory evaluation and performed ET, and those who presented findings suggesting myocardial ischemia were excluded from data analysis (n = 3). The assessment of microvascular complications (retinopathy and nephropathy) was performed in the sample., Results: Patients with nephropathy and those with retinopathy achieved a lower heart rate (HR) at peak exercise (HR max) and smaller increase in HR in relation to rest (Peak ΔHR) compared with those without these complications. These patients also had a smaller reduction in HR in the second and 4(th) minutes after the end of the test (ΔHR recovery 2 and 4 minutes). After performing a multivariate analysis with control for possible confounding factors, the ΔHR recovery in two and four minutes, maximum HR and Peak ΔHR remained significantly associated with retinopathy; and ΔHR recovery in the second and 4(th) minutes remained associated with the presence of nephropathy., Conclusion: The ET can be considered an additional tool for early detection of CAN and to identify patients at increased risk for microvascular complications of diabetes.

Objective: To assess the effects of bisoprolol on exercise capacity and ventricular function in patients with heart failure., Methods: Clinical and hemodynamic variables, ventricular function and remodeling, and ergospirometry of patients with heart failure of different etiologies were evaluated before and after the administration of bisoprolol., Results: Twenty-two patients were analyzed; one patient did not tolerate medication and 14 patients reached the study goal. The group consisted of 9 men and 5 women, the mean age was 52 (36-64) years, and patients were followed during 551 days (238-1109). We observed an improvement in NYHA functional class, reduction in resting heart rate (78.8+/-8.7 vs 63+/-6.4 bpm, p <0.001), increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (31.3+/-8.5% vs 39+/-14.7%. p=0.043), and a tendency towards improved quality of life scores (31+/-20.6 vs 17.8+/-14.8. p=0.058). The maximum heart rate dropped during exercise (138.1+/-20.2 vs 116.7+/-27.1. p=0.01), as did peak oxygen consumption (20.9+/-6.8 vs 15.1+/-3.5. p<0.001); no change was observed on the EV/VCO2 slope. The effects were observed for all etiologies, including Chagas disease., Conclusion: Bisoprolol was safe and well tolerated in patients with heart failure. Bisoprolol therapy improved the symptoms, hemodynamic variables, as well as the cardiac function for all etiologies; however, it did not result in improved exercise capacity.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of the variables related to the fixed-height stair climbing test (SCT) using maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) as the gold standard., Methods: The SCT was performed on a staircase consisting of 6 flights (72 steps; 12.16 m total height), with verbal encouragement, in 51 patients. Stair-climbing 'time' was measured, and the variables 'work' and 'power' also being calculated. The VO2 max was measured using ergospirometry according to the Balke protocol. We calculated the Pearson linear correlation (r), as well as the values of p, between the SCT variables and VO2 max. To determine accuracy, the VO2 max cut-off point was set at 25 mL/kg/min, and individuals were classified as normal or altered. The cut-off points for the SCT variables were determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The Kappa statistic (k) was used in order to assess concordance., Results: The following values were obtained for the variable 'time': cut-off point = 40 s; x= 41 +/= 15.5 s; r = "0.707; p < 0.005; specificity = 89%; sensibility = 83%; accuracy = 86%; and k = 0.724. For 'power', the values obtained were as follows: cut-off point = 200 w; x= 222.3 +/= 95.2 w; r = 0.515; p < 0.005; specificity = 67%; sensibility = 75%; accuracy = 71%; and k = 0.414. Since the correlation between 'work' and VO2 max was not significant, that variable was discarded., Conclusion: Of the SCT variables tested, using VO2 max as the gold standard, the variable 'time' was the most accurate.

Objective: The metabolic and cardiovascular responses of eutrophic girls and girls who underwent early undernutrition, were examined during physical exercise, in order to verify whether previous undernutrition could, in addition to cause a deficit in the children's height, and limit their functional capability to perform a maximal and submaximal exercise in an ergometric bicycle., Subjects: Our sample was composed of 24 girls, of which 12 were eutrophic, with 9.13 +/- 0.79 years (mean +/- s.d.), 27.64 +/- 3.64 kg of body weight, and 131.31 +/- 6.04 cm in height. The 12 early undernourished girls were 9.75 +/- 1.1 years old, 25.16 +/- 2.33 kg, and 125.06 +/- 3.9 cm high., Measurements: The method included clinical evaluation and ergo-spirometric test on an ergometric bicycle, from which all the metabolic and cardiac-respiratory variables were obtained and analyzed. The test protocol was an initial two minutes period with 25 watts, followed by increments of 15 watts every two minutes, until exhaustion., Results: Analysis of the results of the test of maximal effort did not reveal significant differences between eutrophic (E) and early undernourished (UN) girls in any of the variables: VO2max expressed in l/min (E = 1.11 +/- 0.25; UN = 1.02 +/- 0.19); VO2max expressed in ml/min/kg (E = 40.23 +/- 6.98; UN = 40.53 +/- 6.32), VEmax (E = 40.61 +/- 8.79; UN = 38.25 +/- 8.95), R (E = 1.13 +/- 0.07; UN = 1.13 +/- 0.05), HRmax (E = 195.33 +/- 9.13; UN = 193.85 +/- 11.18), previous % HRmax (E = 92.87 +/- 4.33; UN = 92.80 +/- 4.87), and maximum watts (E = 90.00 +/- 20.56; UN = 91.25 +/- 11.33). Analysis of the results obtained in test of submaximal effort, reflected by the intensity of effort in the anaerobic threshold (AT), showed differences between the groups in the following variables: VO2max expressed in l/min. (E = 0.77 +/- 0.14; UN = 0.62 +/- 0.13), % of VO2max (E = 70.07 +/- 7.52; UN = 61.21 +/- 9.83), HR (E = 166.58 +/- 14.25; UN = 146.33 +/- 17.40), % HRmax (E = 85.31 +/-6.41; UN = 75.50 +/- 7.73), VE (E = 24.18 +/- 5.81; UN = 17.69 +/- 4.30), % VEmax (E = 59.64 +/- 8.45; UN = 46.95 +/- 10.59). No differences were found for VO2max, expressed in l/min/kg (E = 28.06 +/- 4.87; UN = 24.81 +/- 5.31) and watts (E = 51.25 +/- 17.47; UN = 45.00 +/- 9.77)., Conclusion: The reestablishment of the ratio weight/height in early undernourished girls is also useful to indicate lack of limitation of functional capability to perform physical exercises.

Purpose: To compare the lower (LL) and upper limits (UL) of exercise intensity prescription based on standard exercise test (60-70% of estimated VO2max or 70-85% of HRmax measured) with exercise intensity prescription based on cardiopulmonary exercise test [anaerobic threshold (AT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP)]., Methods: Fourty seven men (30 +/- 5 years) who were submitted to a progressive cardiopulmonary exercise test until exhaustion were divided in subgroups according to treadmill speed during exercise test (4 or 5 mph) and the physical capacity [lower (LPC) and moderate physical capacity (MPC)]., Results: The LL of the indirect exercise intensity prescription showed VO2 and HR values significantly higher than VO2 and HR values measured at AT (4 mph = 34.4 +/- 4.5 vs 19.6 +/- 4.6 and 5 mph = 28.9 +/- 2 vs 18.9 +/- 5.4, and LPC = 32.0 +/- 4.1 vs 17.2 +/- 2.8 and MPC = 31.6 +/- 4.9 vs 21.1 +/- 5.7 mlO2.kg-1.min-1) and (4 mph = 128.9 +/- 7.8 vs 113.1 +/- 15.6 and 5 mph = 130.3 +/- 5.2 vs 114.1 +/- 18.9, and LPC = 127.6 +/- 7.2 vs 109.3 +/- 13.2 and MPC = 131.2 +/- 5.7 vs 117.4 +/- 19.2 bpm) The UL of the indirect exercise intensity prescription in 4 mph and LPC group showed VO2 values significantly higher than those measured at RCP (40.1 +/- 5.3 vs 32.2 +/- 4.3 and 37.4 +/- 4.8 vs 30.6 +/- 2.5 mlO2.kg-1.min-1, respectively), but similar HR values to those obtained at RCP., Conclusion: The LL of prescription based on standard exercise test overestimate the AT, whereas the UL seem adequate only for subjects with moderate physical capacity.