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Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2021-12-28T20:51:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Gabriela Akemi Macedo Oda.pdf: 2604508 bytes, checksum: 67deda5cc5764085136c1410f978ba6d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-28T20:51:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Gabriela Akemi Macedo Oda.pdf: 2604508 bytes, checksum: 67deda5cc5764085136c1410f978ba6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-18 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior The changes in the planet promoted by humans are so significant that they justified the creation of a new geological Age: the Anthropocene. Habitat loss, fragmentation, expansion of alien species and climate change are among the major impacts on biodiversity. When experiencing an impact, species can respond in different ways, and the strategy adopted by each species is related to their intrinsic characteristics. Given the increasing risk of global extinction, several standardized methods of risk assessment have been proposed, however, few consider the physiological characteristics of the species. These traits may help to understand adaptations to environmental heterogeneity and consequently to species responses to climate change. In this study, we sought to identify ecological and physiological traits that aid in the evaluation of the sensitivity of neotropical palms to anthropic impacts, especially climate change. With a broad and integrated approach, methodologies based on bibliographic review, functional traits measures and Ecological Niche Modeling were used. The results obtained provided important insights on ecological escape strategies and the relationship of leaf traits with space, climate, microhabitats and environmental suitability, among the main results are: (1) palm tend to present more escape strategies than acclimatization strategies; (2) leaf traits are not spatially distributed; (3) the correlation of leaf traits with climate occurs more strongly when the traits are more exposed to the climate; (4) species with thicker leaves and less specific leaf area (SLA) are less sensitive to climate change; (5) thicker leaf species showed a greater expansion of environmental suitability than thin leaf species in a climate change scenario; (6) leaf thickness of palms can be a good predictor of impacts of climate changes, and should be used in sensitivity analyzes; (7) palms tend to be favored climatically, with an increase of environmental suitability in a climate change scenario, however other anthropic impacts must be measured. In addition, it is encouraged the search for new traits that present features that are easy to obtain, for a wide evaluation of species, and that are closely related to climatic variables associated with climate change. As altera??es no planeta promovidas pelo homem s?o t?o significativas que justificaram a cria??o de uma nova era geol?gica: o Antropoceno. A perda e fragmenta??o de habitats, invas?o de esp?cies ex?ticas e as mudan?as clim?ticas est?o entre os principais impactos ? biodiversidade. Ao sofrer determinado impacto, as esp?cies podem responder de diferentes formas, e a estrat?gia adotada por cada uma est? relacionada com caracter?sticas intr?nsecas das mesmas. Dado o crescente risco de extin??es globais, v?rios m?todos de avalia??o de risco t?m sido propostos, mas poucos levam em considera??o as caracter?sticas fisiol?gicas das esp?cies. Esses atributos podem auxiliar a entender adapta??es ? heterogeneidade ambiental e, consequentemente, a resposta das esp?cies ?s mudan?as clim?ticas. Nesse estudo buscou-se identificar atributos ecol?gicos e fisiol?gicos que auxiliem na avalia??o da sensibilidade de palmeiras neotropicais aos impactos antr?picos, em especial ?s mudan?as clim?ticas. Com uma abordagem abrangente e integrada, foram utilizadas metodologias baseadas em revis?o bibliogr?fica, medidas de atributos funcionais e Modelagem de Nicho Ecol?gico. Os principais resultados encontrados ? que permitiram entender melhor as estrat?gias ecol?gicas de escape e a rela??o dos atributos foliares com o espa?o, clima, microhabitats e adequabilidade ambiental - foram: (1) palmeiras tendem a apresentar mais estrat?gias de escape do que de aclimatiza??o; (2) atributos foliares n?o s?o espacialmente distribu?dos; (3) a correla??o de atributos foliares com o clima se d? com mais intensidade em microhabitats em que os atributos est?o mais expostos ao clima; (4) esp?cies com folhas mais grossas e menor ?rea espec?fica foliar (SLA) s?o menos sens?veis ?s mudan?as clim?ticas; (5) esp?cies com folhas mais grossas apresentam maior expans?o de adequabilidade ambiental do que as com folhas finas, em um cen?rio de mudan?as clim?ticas; (6) espessura foliar de palmeiras pode ser bom preditor de impactos das mudan?as no clima, e deve ser utilizado em analises de sensibilidade; (7) palmeiras tendem a ser favorecidas num cen?rio de mudan?as clim?ticas, atrav?s de um aumento na adequabilidade ambiental, no entanto outros impactos antr?picos devem ser mensurados. ? incentivada a busca de novos atributos que sejam de f?cil obten??o, para uma avalia??o da ampla gama de esp?cies, e que apresentem estreita rela??o com vari?veis clim?ticas associadas ?s mudan?as clim?ticas.