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This paper inquires about the subject of textile manufacturing. It proposes considering the possibility of innovation and sustainability in Fashion through Textile Biomaterial Design instead of the excessive use of synthetic fibers, such as polyester. This paper addresses experimental practices in Strategic Design for achieving such purposes. It portrays the production of materials based on gelatin, sodium alginate, and corn starch bases. Twelve experiments were performed based on bibliographic and documental research. Several variables in terms of production, shaping modes and drying times are discussed in relation to the behavior of the biomaterials subjected to various tests and final analyses, such as machine sewing, water absorption, appearance, tactile characteristics and malleability during the process (and established in the results obtained). These variables were not pre-defined but perceived and learned through experimentation. It was possible to observe that each sample presented strong and weak features from the analyses and applied tests. The sodium alginate sample, for instance, proved to be water-resistant. However, it ruptured when sewing and removing the yarns. This study explores creativity and fosters new sustainable conceptions in Fashion as it is one of the most polluting industries in the world.

Katrien Segaert is the head of the Neuroscience of Language lab at the School of Psychology at the University of Birmingham (UK), where she is also affiliated with the Centre for Human Brain Health. Her research deals with the major question of how syntax and semantic processing are instantiated in the brain within the context of communicative settings, and how the neurobiological circuitry for sentence processing changes throughout our lives. Her lab does experimental studies with a variety of techniques, ranging from EEG and fMRI to classical psycholinguistic methodologies. Her work has been really innovative in the ways she has managed to bring communicative context to experimental paradigms: participants engaged with avatars, or interacted with interlocutors while lying in the MRI scanner. Another series of her studies that have attracted some media attention are those involving aging adults: results have shown surprising correlations between language processing and fitness. She has agreed to talk to us about working with novel experimental methodologies in a highly interdisciplinary field. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A NOVA CIÊNCIA NEUROCOGNITIVA DA LINGUAGEM: PARADIGMAS EXPERIMENTAIS INOVADORES PARA ESTUDAR O PROCESSAMENTO SINTÁTICO E SEMÂNTICO EM CONTEXTOS COMUNICATIVOS, UMA ENTREVISTA COM KATRIEN SEGAERTS Katrien Segaert é a coordenadora do laboratório de Neurociências da Linguagem da Escola de Psicologia da Universidade de Birmingham (Reino Unido) e afiliada ao Centro de Saúde do Cérebro Humano. Sua pesquisa investiga como a sintaxe e o processamento semântico são instanciados no cérebro dentro de contextos comunicativos, e como o circuito neurobiológico para o processamento de sentenças muda ao longo da vida. O seu laboratório faz estudos experimentais com uma pluralidade de técnicas, variando de eletroencefalografia (EEG) e imagem de ressonância magnética funcional (fMRI) a metodologias psicolinguísticas clássicas. O trabalho da pesquisadora tem se mostrado realmente inovador nas maneiras pelas quais conseguiu associar o contexto comunicativo aos paradigmas experimentais: participantes envolvidos com avatares ou interagindo com interlocutores enquanto estavam no scannerde MRI. Seus estudos que envolvem adultos em envelhecimento têm atraído atenção da mídia, pois os resultados mostraram correlações surpreendentes entre o processamento da linguagem e a boa forma física. Katrien concordou em conversar conosco seu trabalho com novas metodologias experimentais em um campo altamente interdisciplinar. --- Original em inglês.

Microbial contamination is well known in the oil and gas industry and it occurs in most processes where water processing systems are involved. Microorganisms are spread everywhere, even in the subsurface, where operations of oil exploration and production are developed. For this reason different genera of microorganisms can affcet the Oil & Gas Industry. One of the major problems in oil mature fields undergoing secondary recovery is the contamination with sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), caused generally by the injection water system (fresh and/or production) and/or of the reservoir (natural or by drilling fluids, completion, simulation, etc). This problem causes formation damage and microbiological induced corrosion (MIC) in the injection-production system. In many producing wells, formation damage by microbiological contamination is initially masked by a decline in reservoire pressute; however, initial production of H2S does provide a possible microbial contamination of water production, water injection, and eventually, petroleum reservoir. In some production wells, H2S concentrations have exceeded the lethal limits of 250 ppm and there are cases of producing wells with levels above 1000 ppm. In this work, both a conceptual study and an experimental protocol were developed for the evaluation of formation damage by microbial contamination in water flooding processes, focused on finding the best stimulation treatment with biocides to H2S and corrosion control in producer wells of Oil Fields Undergoing Secondary Recovery as part of the comprehensive strategy to implement in the injection-reeservoir- production system of the Chichimene field in Colombia. This stduy included the following stages: 1. State of the art to define the main Bactericides, matrix stimulation treatments to H2S and corrosion control, removal of biomass (biofilm) and iron sulfide, etc. in producer wells. 2. Conceptual study of the Formation damage by growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria. 3. Experimental protocol to evaluation of formation damage by microbial contamination in water flooding processes. 4. Experimental evaluation of formation damage by microbial contamiantion in cores of the Chichimene field in Colombia. Finally, the main findings, conclusions and recommendations obtained in this study are shown.

Phosphorus plays a fundamental role in plant metabolic processes. Lack of phosphorus in agricultural soils is compensated with chemical fertilizers, which increase the cost of production and contaminate the environment. One approach to avoid this situation is the use of P-solubilizing fungi as biofertilizers. In this study, the solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2 by five native soil-borne micromycetes (SBM) isolated from the rhizosphere of Carica papaya plants was evaluated. The significant nutritional factors involved in the solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2 by Penicillium hispanicum were determined through a Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBED). Both Penicillium SP1 (108.5 mg/L) and P. hispanicum (106.5 mg/L) solubilized 100% of Ca3(PO4)2 at six days of culture. All studied SBM decreased the pH of the culture mediumfrom 4.15 (control) to

Sonic branding is the strategic use of sound to communicate the identity and values of a brand in the different touch points with its publics. The objective of this study is to determine which brand personality traits and self-reported emotions (calmness or excitement and pleasantness) are associated with different sonic logo features. The author conducted a 3 x 3 x 2 within-subjects experiment —intensity (fade up, fade down, constant), pitch (ascending, descending, constant), and pace (fast, slow)—. These features are manipulated resulting in 18 versions of a 3-seconds sonic logo with 18 unknown brand names, embedded in a 9 seconds voice message. Results show that slow and fade up sonic logos are slightly more pleasant and simpler than fast and fade down sonic logos, and descending sonic logos are down-to-earth. Also, the combination of fade up and ascending pitch is less exciting and less aggressive than the combination of fade down and descending pitch. A deeper understanding of the processing of sound is required to further the theory on branding and have important practical implications for media production and advertising.

Copyright of Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dentre as cerâmicas de uso biomédico destaca-se o fosfato tricálcico do tipo β (β-TCP). Pós cerâmicos são normalmente compactados e sinterizados em altas temperaturas para sua densificação e consequente aumento da resistência mecânica. Uma forma de otimizar a densificação de corpos cerâmicos é analisar a significância das variáveis de processamento por meio de um planejamento de experimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a significância dos seguintes parâmetros: pressão de compactação uniaxial (28 e 111 MPa); calcinação prévia do pó (como recebido - não calcinado e calcinado a 650 °C); temperatura e tempo de sinterização (respectivamente, 900 e 1150 °C, 2 e 4 h). As pastilhas produzidas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difração de raios X e espectroscopia no infravermelho, enquanto que a microdureza e a retração linear foram consideradas as respostas do planejamento. Observou-se que o aumento da pressão de compactação e da temperatura de sinterização foram os parâmetros mais importantes para a densificação das amostras. As pastilhas sinterizadas a 1150 °C apresentaram tamanho médio de grão entre 1 e 2 µm e retração linear máxima de aproximadamente 20%, bem superior à das amostras sinterizadas a 900 °C, que não apresentaram completa densificação. Não foram identificadas outras fases que não o β-TCP e também não foram observadas microtrincas nas amostras sinterizadas.Among the ceramic materials for biomedical applications, tricalcium phosphate type β (β-TCP) can be highlighted. Usually, ceramic powders are pressed and densified at high temperatures in order to improve the mechanical strength. One way to optimize the densification of ceramic bodies is to analyze the significance of processing variables using an experimental design. The purpose of this work is to determine the significance of the following parameters: uniaxial pressure (28 and 111 MPa); previous thermal treatment of the powder (as-received -non-calcined and calcined at 650 °C); sintering temperature and time (900 and 1150 °C, 2 and 4 h, respectively). The produced tablets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, while linear shrinkage and microhardness results were considered as responses of the experimental design. It was observed that the uniaxial pressure and sintering temperature were the most important parameters for samples densification. The average grain size of the tablets sintered at 1150 °C was approximately 1-2 µm and maximum linear shrinkage of, approximately, 20%, well above the values found for the samples sintered at 900 °C, which did not present complete densification. Phases other than β-TCP were not present in the sintered samples and no cracking was observed.

Bimetallic Cu-Ni catalysts were synthesized with molar ratio 2-1 in cylindrical activated carbon pellets of different diameters (0.2 cm, 0.3 cm, and 0.4 cm) and length (0.4 cm and 0.6 cm). They were evaluated in the water gas shift reaction at 330 °C and atmospheric pressure. An experimental design was developed to evaluate the effect of variables, diameter and length of the pellets, over carbon monoxide conversion. The importance of the main factors and their interactions were examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that both diameter and length of the pellets had significant effect on carbon monoxide conversion. The results of the catalytic activity indicated that up to 96% CO conversion was obtained at the optimum characteristic of the pellets, diameter of 0.2 cm and length of 0.6 cm.

Copyright of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável is the property of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentavel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A utilização de agregados industrializados vem crescendo ao longo dos anos para atender a grande demanda da construção civil devido ao crescimento econômico do país. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar o planejamento experimental em Rede Simplex para avaliar o efeito da adição do resíduo de rocha ornamental como filler na composição de misturas ternárias (brita 0, pó de pedra e resíduo), que levem a máxima compacidade (densidade seca aparente máxima). Foram tomados dezesseis pontos experimentais, cujos teores dos materiais utilizados variaram de 0 a 100%. O modelo em rede simplex cúbico completo apresentou melhor ajuste aos resultados experimentais, o qual resulta em respostas estatisticamente mais adequadas para as composições estudadas. A superfície de resposta gerada indicou que a densidade seca aparente máxima de 2,0 g/cm³ foi obtida para a composição ternária: 63% de brita 0/17% de pó de pedra/20% de resíduo de rocha ornamental. Portanto, o uso de resíduo de rocha ornamental como filler em agregados para a construção civil pode ser uma alternativa viável para deposição final deste abundante resíduo de forma ambientalmente correta.The use of industrial aggregates has grown over the years to meet the great demand of the civil construction due to the country's economical growth. The aim of this work was to use the experimental design in Simplex Lattice to evaluate the effect of the addition of ornamental rock waste as filler in the composition of ternary mixtures (crushed rock 0, stone powder, rock waste), leading to maximum compaction (maximum apparent dry density). Sixteen experimental points were taken, whose contents of the used materials ranged from 0 to 100%. The complete cubic simplex model showed to best fit to the experimental results, which results in more statistically appropriated responses to the studied compositions. The response surface generated indicated that the maximum apparent dry density (2.0 g/cm³) was obtained for the ternary composition: 63% crushed rock 0/ 17% stone powder/ 20% ornamental rock waste. Therefore, the use of ornamental rock waste as filler in aggregates for civil construction can be a viable alternative for final deposition in an environmental correct way.

This paper studies the influence of debriefing in the learning of the participants of business games. Through quasi-experimental study we examined the self-declarations of 112 undergraduate Business Management students undertaking the 8th term, divided into two groups: experimental, exposed to debriefing; and control, not exposed to the debriefing. MannWhitney´s tests revealed that the quantum of learning perceived by the members of the experimental group was statistically significantly higher than the members of the control group in seven out of nine learning variables assessed (p < 0.05). The average effect size (d = 0.45) shows an average improvement of 18%. These results suggested that the debriefing positively influence on experiential learning cycle promoted by business games. In the perspective of Kolb’s experiential learning cycle (Kolb, 1984), our findings suggest that Reflective observation and Abstract conceptualization stages can be reinforced by subsequent debriefing activities to the simulation rounds, in order to enhance continuous processes of action and reflection of the participants, according to the spiral experiential learning cycle.

A utilização de planejamentos experimentais para o estudo de misturas encontra uma grande gama de aplicações tanto em pesquisas laboratoriais como em trabalhos de desenvolvimento industrial. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo utilizar o planejamento experimental aplicado ao estudo de misturas para avaliar a potencialidade do uso conjunto dos resíduos do beneficiamento do caulim e da serragem do granito para a produção de blocos e revestimentos cerâmicos. Utilizando o planejamento experimental foram formuladas determinadas composições com as matérias-primas. As matérias-primas foram misturadas em determinadas proporções e confeccionados corpos de prova por extrusão e por prensagem uniaxial. Os corpos de prova foram queimados e, em seguida, determinou-se sua absorção de água e módulo de ruptura à flexão. Foram ajustados modelos matemáticos de regressão relacionando a absorção de água e o módulo de ruptura com as proporções das matérias-primas. Os resultados mostraram que o procedimento de planejamento experimental utilizado permite maximizar a quantidade de resíduo incorporado às formulações para blocos e revestimentos cerâmicos, sendo possível a incorporação de teores de resíduos de até 50% em formulações para a produção de blocos cerâmicos e de ate 40% em composições para a produção de revestimentos cerâmicos.The use of experimental design to the study of mixtures has found a wide range of applications, even in laboratory scale or in industrial development works. Thus, this work has as aim apply the experimental design used in the study of mixtures to evaluate the suitability of use kaolin processing waste and granite sawing waste together for the production of ceramic bricks and tiles. Based on the raw materials, specific formulations were developed using the experimental design. The raw materials were mixed and sample bodies were produced using extrusion and uniaxial pressing. The sample bodies were fired and characterized in terms of water absorption and mechanical strength. Regression models were adjusted relating the water absorption and mechanical strength with the amount of raw materials. The results showed that the methodology of experimental design maximize the content of wastes incorporated in ceramic bricks and tiles formulations. Formulations containing up to 50% waste can be used for the production of ceramic bricks, and formulations, which contained up to 40% of waste can be used for the production of ceramic tiles.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar o planejamento experimental para avaliar o efeito da composição de misturas ternárias de bentonitas na reologia de fluidos de perfuração de poços de petróleo. Por meio do planejamento foram determinadas as proporções dos componentes nas misturas ternárias das argilas e então ajustados modelos de regressão relacionando viscosidade aparente, viscosidade plástica e volume de filtrado com a proporção de cada argila. A aplicação da modelagem de misturas, incluindo composições ternárias, aliada a metodologia de superfícies de resposta e otimização matemática e gráfica permitiu delimitar uma gama de composições de argilas que favorece a melhoria das propriedades reológicas e de filtração dos fluidos estudados.The purpose of this work was to study of composition effect of ternary bentonite mixtures on the rheology of drilling fluids. Through the experimental design were defined the components proportions in the ternary clays mixtures and then adjusted regression models relating apparent and plastic viscosities and water loss, with the proportion of each clay. The application of mixture experimental design, include ternary composition, response surface methodology, graphic and mathematical optimization allowed to delimit a strip of compositions that favors the improvement of the rheological properties of the drilling fluids.

This study describes the validation of UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of gemifloxacin mesylate (GFM) in tablets using methanol as solvent. The method was specific, linear, precise, exact and robust at 272 and 343 nm. The results confirmed that the method in both wavelengths is valid and useful to the routine quality control of GFM in coated tablets. The validate method was compared to liquid chromatography (HPLC), microbiological assay and visible (VIS) spectrophotometry, which were previously developed and validated to the same drug. There was not significative difference between the methods for GFM quantitation.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar o planejamento experimental, aplicado ao estudo de misturas, para avaliar o efeito da composição de misturas binárias de bentonitas na reologia de fluidos de perfuração de poços de petróleo. Por meio do planejamento foram determinadas as proporções dos componentes nas misturas binárias das argilas e então ajustados modelos de regressão relacionando viscosidade aparente (VA), viscosidade plástica (VP) e volume de filtrado (VF) com a proporção de cada argila. A aplicação desta ferramenta permitiu delimitar uma faixa de composições que favorece a melhoria das propriedades reológicas e de filtração das dispersões estudadas.The purpose of this work was to apply experimental design to the study of composition effect binary mixtures of bentonite on the rheology of drilling fluids. Through the experimental design were defined the components proportions in the binary clays mixtures and then adjusted regression models relating the parameters, apparent and plastic viscosities and filtrate volume, with the proportion of each clay. The application of this tool allowed to delimit a strip of compositions that favors the improvement of the rheological properties of the dispersions of bentonite clays.

A otimização da composição é uma etapa de fundamental importância no processamento cerâmico. Neste trabalho, planejamento experimental foi aplicado a fim de se avaliar a relação entre propriedade e a composição de um sistema obtido a partir de matérias-primas naturais extraídas no Pegmatito do Seridó, na região fronteiriça RN-PB. Para o estudo do sistema ternário foram combinadas variáveis de processo (temperatura: 1100 e 1200 ºC; patamar de calcinação: 0 e 2 h), com a utilização de planejamento de misturas, de acordo com o planejamento simplex centróide. Os percentuais mínimos de cada componente na mistura foram de 10% v/v. Foram avaliadas as propriedades reológicas de suspensões aquosas das misturas com 50% v/v, otimizadas com PAA-Na. Determinou-se a porosidade aparente e massa específica aparente, além da retração de queima. A composição mineralógica das peças cerâmicas obtidas a 1200 ºC foi basicamente mulita e quartzo. O estudo permitiu especificar a região de composição que leva à maior densidade após sinterização, com um número relativamente pequeno de amostras.The optimization of the composition is an important step in the development of ceramic products. In this work, experimental design was used in order to evaluate the relationship between properties and the composition of a system obtained from mixtures of natural raw materials extracted from "Pegmatito do Seridó", located near the border of the RN and PB states in Brazil. The processing variables (temperature: 1100 and 1200º C and calcinations time: 0 and 2 h) and simplex centroid design were combined for the study of the ternary system. The smallest percentage of each component in the mixture was of 10% v/v. The rheological properties of aqueous suspensions obtained with 50% w/w were optimized with PAA-Na. The apparent porosity and apparent specific gravity were determined, besides retraction, after thermal treatment. The mineralogical composition of the ceramic pieces obtained at 1200 ºC was basically mullite and quartz. The study allowed specifying the composition region which leads to the highest density after sintering, with a low number of samples.

A tecnologia de microarrays, ou microarranjos de DNA, possibilita a avaliação simultânea da expressão de milhares de genes em diferentes tecidos em determinado organismo, em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento ou condições ambientais. Microarrays são bastante utilizados em experimentos de genômica funcional com diversas espécies animais e vegetais, e têm sido gradativamente incorporados em diferentes áreas da pesquisa zootécnica, como crescimento e metabolismo, resposta imune a doenças, reprodução e resposta a fatores de estresse não-infecciosos (restrição alimentar, exposição a elementos tóxicos e outras condições ambientais desfavoráveis), bem como melhoramento genético animal. Tais experimentos, entretanto, são ainda consideravelmente caros, como consequência, geralmente são conduzidos com tamanhos amostrais relativamente pequenos. Por outro lado, a realização dos experimentos com microarrays, desde a coleta das amostras, até a obtenção das imagens para análise, envolve uma série de procedimentos laboratoriais de alta complexidade, que frequentemente introduzem variações adicionais aos resultados obtidos. Desta maneira, a condução de ensaios com microarrays requer cuidadoso delineamento experimental e análise estatística dos dados. Nesta apresentação são discutidos princípios básicos do planejamento de ensaios com microarrays, bem como as ferramentas estatísticas e computacionais mais comuns para a análise dos mesmos. São também discutidos alguns exemplos de aplicação de experimentos com microarrays em zootecnia e, numa última seção, são traçadas algumas considerações finais envolvendo os tópicos gerais abordados.Microarray technology allows monitoring thousands of genes simultaneously in a specific tissue of an organism, in different developmental stages or environmental conditions. Microarrays are very common in functional genomics experiments with both animals and plant species, and they have been increasingly used also in different areas of livestock research, such as growth and metabolism, reproduction, immune response to diseases and parasites, response to non-infectious stress factors (such as dietary restriction, exposure to toxic elements and other unfavorable environmental conditions) as well as animal breeding. Such experiments, however, are still considerably expensive and time consuming and, consequently, they are performed with relatively small sample sizes. Nonetheless, microarray experiments are extremely complex, as they involve a number of laboratorial procedures such as sample collection, RNA extraction, reverse transcription and labeling, and the final hybridization. Hence, microarray assays require careful experimental planning and statistical data analysis. In this manuscript, basic principles of experimental design for microarray studies are reviewed, as well as the most common statistical and computational tools used for their analysis. In addition, some examples of application of microarray technology in animal science are discussed, and some concluding remarks are presented afterward.

O município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, possui um pólo cerâmico com mais de 100 indústrias cerâmicas e uma produção mensal estimada de 90 milhões de peças compreendidas entre lajotas, blocos e telhas. Muitos desses artefatos acabam gerando resíduos e impactos ambientais na região devido às falhas no processo produtivo e logístico das indústrias. Este trabalho propõe a incorporação do resíduo cerâmico em argamassas, avaliando as diversas proporções dos constituintes por meio do planejamento de experimentos em rede simplex buscando soluções técnicas, sem o tradicional empirismo existente na indústria, com o objetivo de alcançar um desempenho satisfatório da propriedade analisada, capacidade de retenção de água e, sem dúvida, favorecendo o desenvolvimento sustentável. O procedimento experimental foi baseado nas normas ABNT 13276, 13277 e 13281. A partir destes ensaios foram tomados dez pontos experimentais cujos teores máximos de cimento, areia e resíduo cerâmico são 20, 80 e 20% em massa, respectivamente, que delimitou a superfície de resposta para as argamassas de índice de consistência 265±30 mm. Este índice mostrou-se mais próximo da aplicação real para o modelo estatístico, porém, pouco acima do valor normalizado. O modelo em rede simplex cúbico especial mostrou melhor ajuste aos resultados experimentais, estimando respostas estatisticamente mais adequadas para as misturas. A superfície de resposta gerada apresentou capacidade de retenção de água da argamassa de 88 a 94,5%, classificando-a como normal e alta, segundo a norma ABNT 13281. Mesmo com valor superior ao índice de consistência padrão (valor acima do estabelecido por norma) conseguiu-se uma capacidade de retenção padronizada com adição de resíduo na argamassa.The district of the Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, has a ceramic pole with more than 100 ceramic industries, with a 90 million monthly production (brick masonry, ceramic blocks and tiles). Due to failure in the productive industrial process, some of these materials have been generating wastes that produce environmental impacts. This work proposes the incorporation of the ceramic waste in mortars to evaluate the representative proportions through the lattice simplex experiments design, looking for technical solutions, without the industrial empiricism. These solutions could reach a satisfactory performance of the analyzed property, of the water retention capacity, and favor the sustainable development. The experimental procedure was based on standard test methods (ABNT 13276, 13277 e 13281). Starting from these lab tests, ten experimental points were taken with maximum content of cement, sand and ceramic waste 20, 80 and 20% mass, respectively, that delimited the surface response for the mortars with a consistence index around 265±30 mm. This index means the real application for the statistical model, being however higher than the normalized value. The special cubic simplex model showed to best fit the experimental results leading to more statistically appropriate responses for the mixtures. The response surface generated showed a water retention capacity in mortar varying from 88 to 94.5%, that could be classified as normal and high according to ABNT 13281. Even with the higher values than the standard consistence index (established value by the standard method), it was possible to obtain a standardized water retention capacity with the addition of ceramic waste into the mortar.

Copyright of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável is the property of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentavel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The main focus of this study was to use an experimental design to and the response surface statistical technique to predict and optimize the dielectric properties of hydrated ethanol-sodium chloride blends. Several samples of these blends were prepared considering the following variables: hydrated ethyl alcohol concentration, sodium chloride concentration and temperature. The main dielectric properties of these blends, i.e., the dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and dissipation factor, were measured in a calibrated device suitable for liquid or pasty substances. For this study, experimental tests were carried out according to a Central Composite Design (CCD). Response surface techniques were used to predict the magnitude of the effect of the input variables on the responses investigated, particularly on the dissipation factor. This factor represents the ability of the substance to convert electromagnetic energy into heat. Within the experimental range studied here, the values of the variables that optimized the response were as follows: sodium chloride concentration of 2.21%, hydrated ethanol concentration of 4.64% and temperature of 87 °C.

The preparation of 2', 3'-di-O-hexanoyluridine (2) by a Candida antarctica B lipase-catalysed alcoholysis of 2', 3', 5'-tri-O-hexanoyluridine (1) was optimised using an experimental design. At 25 ºC better experimental conditions allowed an increase in the yield of 2 from 80% to 96%. In addition to the yield improvement, the volume reaction could be diminished in a factor of 5 and the reaction time significantly shortened.

The compression of the clunial nerves occurs due to an entrapment of the middle, superior or inferior clunial nerve. The main referred symptoms are low back pain, whether or not it radiates to the lower limbs, pain when the trigger points are pressed and, in some cases, a sensation of numbness and tingling. The goal of this re-search was to evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular and fascial Creeping techniques in patients with symptoms of clunial nerve compression. This is a study of a series of cases, rated as a basic, experimental, quantitative, exploratory cross-sectional research, in which 9 individuals of both genders, between 24 and 48 years old, were evaluated. The evaluation was performed using a sample profile ques-tionnaire developed by the authors, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Sit and Reach Test, Schober Test and pain assessment by pressure algometry, before and after application. of the techniques, which took place in two sessions, at an interval of 7 days. The obtained results showed important correlations between low back pain, ROM and compression of the clunial nerves. There was a reduction in pain and, as a consequence, an increase in range of motion, through the correlation between VAS and Sit and Reach Test. From this study, it was possible to observe that the neuromuscular and fascial Creeping techniques were effective in reducing the pain caused by the compression of the clunial nerves (inferior, middle or superior). How-ever, due to the small sample size, further studies are suggested to reaffirm the ef-fectiveness of these manual therapy techniques in this patient profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to create and determine a battery for assessing motor coordination in children with autism spectrum disorder -- BACMA. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and exploratory study to verify the validity of content and appearance of the BACMA, using the Delphi methodology, with consultation with a group of experts in the treatment of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD. The inclusion criteria were trained health and education professionals with more than two years of experience caring for children with ASD and, as an exclusion criterion, incomplete answers and non-continuity of respondents in the Delphi rounds. The panel of experts was initially made up of 23 professionals (01 psychology, 03 pedagogy, 05 physiotherapy and 14 physical education), all with work related to children with ASD. The final version of BACMA consists of four tests designed to assess fundamental motor skills: locomotion, manipulation, balance and jumping, according to the link https://bit.ly/bacmaresultado. Finally, the procedure determining objectivity reached an agreement rate of 100% in the fourth round, with a Cronbach's ∝ coefficient of 0.99, indicating statistically high reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations responsible for public health throughout the world have been increasingly worrying about how to feed populations encouraging a nutritious and balanced diet in order to decrease the occurrence of chronic diseases, which are constantly related to an inadequate diet. Still, due to matters of modern lifestyle consumers are increasingly seeking convenient products. This being so, cereal bars have been an option when the matter is low calorie fast food which is also source of fiber. This study aimed at developing a cereal bar with high dietary fiber, iron, vitamins A and vitamin E, in order to easily enable adult population achieve the daily recommendation for such nutrients. Eight formulations plus the focal point were conducted through experimental planning; sensory analysis with 110 tasters for each block and texture. Afterwards, we conducted centesimal analysis for all three formulations presenting the best sensory results. After statistical analysis and comparison to the means for products available in the market, it was possible to conclude that the product developed presented great acceptance and fiber level more than twice as much as the means for commercial products.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nursing & Health is the property of Journal of Nursing & Health (JONAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The objective of this work was to define experimental blocks for sugarcane experiments using geostatistical techniques, principal component analysis, and clustering techniques applied to soil properties. For this, data of soil chemical properties from a sugarcane experiment were used. Geostatistical techniques were applied to identify the spatial variability of these properties and to estimate the values for non-sampled locations through kriging. The principal components analysis was used for dimensional reduction, and, with the new variables obtained, the cluster analysis was performed using the k-means method to determine the experimental blocks with two to five replicates. Of the 12 analyzed variables, 10 showed spatial dependence. The principal component analysis allowed reducing the dimensionality of the data to two variables, which explained 82.27% of total variance. The obtained blocks presented irregular polygonal shapes, with different formats and sizes, and some of them showed discontinuities. The proposed methodology has the potential to identify more uniform areas in terms of soil chemical properties to allocate experimental blocks for sugarcane.

The convenience of the multivariate optimization of SPME procedures through ANOVA calculated using Doehlert designs has been demonstrated for twelve PCBs in the complex matrix of milk. For this study, the main parameters of the extraction were selected and valued through univariate and multivariate optimization. In addition, the analysis of variance allowed identification of the statistically significant variables in this model: high temperature (95 ºC) and ionic strength (36% m/v) proved significant for all the PCBs while intermediate time (70 min) and low methanol concentration (5% v/v) also contributed to the extraction of the majority of these PCBs.

The effect of precursors on the anticancer alkaloid production by submerged fermentation using M. anisopliae 3935 was studied, according to complete experimental design 2² with three central points. The results showed that lysine was the most important variable, however, when both lysine and glucose were added to the fermentation medium, the alkaloid production reached, approximately, 17 mg L-1 after 120 hours of fermentation. Then, the scale-up of the process was carried out and these results were confirmed. Finally, 35 mg L-1 of alkaloid at 192 h were attained after increment of added aminoacid lysine.

The aim of the present work was to optimize the sensorial and technological features of ice cream. The experimental work was performed in two stages: 1) optimization of lactose enzymatic hydrolysis, and 2) optimization of the process and product. For the first stage a complete factorial design was developed, optimized using both response surface and the steepest ascent method. In the second stage a mixture design was performed, combining the process variables. The product with the best sensorial acceptance, high yield and low cost was selected. The acceptance of the product was developed by an untrained taster’s panel. As a main result the sensorial and technological features of the final product were improved, establishing the optimum parameters for its elaboration.

This research aimed to evaluate growth responses of three globular cacti species: Astrophytum asterias (Zucc.) Lem., Gymnocalycium anisitsii subsp. multiproliferum (P.J. Braun) P.J. Braun & Esteves e Frailea grahliana (F. Haage) Britton & Rosee cultivated in four organic substrates. The species were chosen based in their comercial value and availability of acquisition. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with 15 individuals of each species per treatment, as follows: SUB 1 (brazilian nut crushed seed coat), SUB 2 (cupuaçu fruit chushed bark), SUB 3 (brazilian nut crushed fruit bark) and SUB 4 (mixed tree barks chushed). Chemical anlysis of each material revealed importante diferences in pH values. The brazilian nut crushed seed coat provided the best results in height and diameter incremente for all species tested, being the most suitable material for use, both pure or added to Other materials in media composition recipes. Considering the physical properties and nutritional contentes, all materials have potential to be used as media to the tested species, however, it is recommended to use the cupuaçu bark and the mixed tree barks with Other componentes so that the pH can be balanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

É importante dimensionar o número de repetições para avaliar caracteres de cultivares de milho com precisão desejada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o número de medições (repetições) necessárias para avaliar caracteres de cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.). Foram usados os dados coletados em 16 experimentos de competição de cultivares, realizados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nos anos agrícolas 2002/2003, 2003/2004 e 2004/2005. Em cada experimento, foi utilizado um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três blocos ou repetições. Foram medidos os caracteres número de dias da semeadura até 50% do florescimento masculino, alturas de planta e de espiga na colheita e número de espigas na colheita. Foram verificados os pressupostos do modelo matemático, realizada a análise de variância, estimado o coeficiente de repetibilidade e calculado o número de repetições. Experimentos com quatro repetições são suficientes para avaliar os caracteres número de dias da semeadura até 50% do florescimento masculino, alturas de planta e de espiga na colheita e número de espigas na colheita, de cultivares de milho, com, respectivamente, 88,7; 75,1; 74,5 e 69,4% de precisão.It is important to know the number of replications to evaluate characters of corn cultivars with desired accuracy. The objective of this work was to determine how many evaluations (replications) necessary to evaluate characters of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars. Data were collected from 16 cultivar competition trials of corn, carried out in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in the crop years of 2002/2003, 2003/2004 and 2004/2005. In each experiment, it was used a randomized blocks design with three blocks or replications. The following characters were measured: number of days from sowing to 50% flowering male, plant and ear heights at harvest and the number of ears at harvest. Assumptions of the mathematical model were examined, analysis of variance was performed, the repeatability coefficient was estimated and the number of repetitions was calculated. Experiments with four replications are adequate to evaluate the characters number of days from sowing to 50% flowering male, plant height, ear height and the number of ears, with respectively 88.7; 75.1; 74.5 and 69.4% of accuracy.

Copyright of Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente is the property of Revista em Agronegocio e Meio Ambiente and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to describe the process of creating and validating an instrument for detecting the risk of early weaning. Methods: methodological study developed after approval by the Research Ethics Committee for the development of a checklist-type instrument composed of 8 blocks, based on literature review and situational diagnosis of a maternity hospital in Maranhão. The validation occurred according to the Delphi technique, through the evaluation of 9 judges in the first stage and 8 in the second stage. The Content Validity Index for each item and the overall Content Validity Coefficient were considered with minimum values ≥ 0.80, as well as a minimum agreement of 80% for validation. Results: the blocks "Breast milk substitutes" and "Professional guidelines" achieved maximum validation in the first stage. After the adjustments suggested by the judges, validation of the checklist was obtained with a Coefficient of Content Validity value = 0.96 in the overall assessment of the second stage. Conclusion: the instrument was considered valid and will contribute to the improvement of the approach to breastfeeding, directing attention and identifying care needs to detect the risk of early weaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To construct and validate an instrument to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of elderly users in the nurse navigator, clinical and advanced practice models in oncology services. Methods: Methodological study based on the process of construction and validation of an instrument that included the conceptual structure; definition of objectives and population; construction of items and response scale; selection and organization of items; structuring of the instrument; expert opinion; pre-test and content validation. Results: An instrument with 13 items was constructed, distributed in two thematic blocks: socioeconomic aspects composed of eight items, and five closed questions. Evidenced by two statistical methods: non-parametric correlation and agreement coefficient. Conclusion: It is concluded that the assessment instrument on the degree of satisfaction of elderly users with a nurse navigator, nurse practitioner and advanced practice nurse performance model has content and appearance validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop and validate an educational folder for use in people with Heart Failure. Methods: Study with a methodological approach for the elaboration of an educational folder and validation by experts. Technical specialists were nurses, cardiology specialists, who validated content and appearance; Specialist designers validated appearance, aesthetics and visual communication. The content validity index (IVC) was calculated; responses were consistent when Cronbach's alpha > 0.60 and the inter-rater agreement index (IRA) was calculated. Results: High agreement among nurses (ARI = 1), almost perfect internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84), total and isolated CVI above 0.8. The booklet was considered valid. For graphic designers, the overall IVC achieved a value that guaranteed appearance validity. Conclusion: The educational booklet was validated by the judges and is presented as an instrument to assist in the preparation for discharge and long-term follow-up of patients with HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop and validate the checklist instrument and risk assessment matrix (CMAR) in mountain sports, namely hiking, canyoning, and climbing. The development of the CMAR was carried out through document analysis, literature review, and expert consultation. The content validation of the CMAR was done using the Delphi technique, involving 10 experts (aged: 35-58 years, 42.30±7.70 years; experience in the area: 17.00 ± 6.8 years), and the construct validation using exploratory factor analysis, involving 548 technicians and practitioners of hiking (n182), canyoning (n:183), and climbing (n:183). The 1st CMAR version proved to be relevant, clear and objective (ICCspecialists: 0.85-0.90) and included 51 items (risk factors) grouped into 3 dimensions. The final version of the CMAR included 36 items structured in 4 dimensions (human, materials and equipment, environmental, and safety and emergency), to be evaluated in a risk matrix of 5x5 points (probability x consequence), which leads up to a stratified risk level corresponding to a recommendation, action, and treatment (KMOmodel: 0.816; justified variance model: 56.4%). CMAR demonstrated good reliability and good-to-acceptable values for construct validation, enabling its use in risk analysis and management in mountain sports, such as hiking, canyoning, and climbing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Perceived stress has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MS). However, little is known about this association among women. Objective: To evaluate perceived stress in women with Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study, based on a non-randomized clinical trial, with patients from a public health center (RBR-43K52N). The outcome variable was MS, using the NCEP/ATPIII criteria. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, hemodynamic data and PSS application were collected. Results: The sample consisted of 75 women affected by MetS (47.69± 8.15 years old; 155.65±0.07 cm; 82.43±17.79 kg; BMI of 33.96±6,42). High WHR values were found among stressed and non-stressed women. The average PSS score was 27.73±9.17. In the groups, there was a significant difference for PSS between stressed and non-stressed women (35.24±5.22 and 20.42±5.53, respectively; p=0.001). It was also observed that stressed women had higher levels of triglycerides and lower levels of HDL-c when compared to non-stressed women, although without statistical difference. Discussions: The findings suggest that women categorized as stressed had higher PSS scores, higher levels of triglycerides and lower levels of HDL-c when compared to non-stressed women. Conclusions: the PSS score was significantly higher among women with altered MS lipid parameters, with lower levels of HDL- and increased triglycerides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: health education for adolescents with a focus on sexuality is favored using careeducational technologies. Objective: to build and validate an educational technology, like a board game, to mediate the discussion of topics related to sexuality with the adolescent population. Materials and methods: methodological study outlined in three stages, namely: 1st) delimitation of the content to be addressed, 2nd) creation of the game prototype, 3rd) validation of the content and appearance by expert judges. Results and discussion: "Match" is a board game, with thematic questions related to sexuality that direct the player from the beginning to the end of the path. Emphasis was placed on the incorporation of gamification elements, such as luck, strategy, competition, and cooperation. The validation process was successful in all evaluated categories, the game was considered relevant and suitable for health education activities. Conclusions: The developed game is validated and available to the scientific and professional community, and its effects should be measured in the next stages of the research. In addition, a digital version of the tool must be built to increase its reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of the yield of transesterification reaction to obtain the B100 biodiesel has been studied using sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, methoxide and sodium ethoxide as catalysts. We applied a randomized simplex centroid mixture and the results of optimization indicate, when using methanol, a yield of 97.61% when using 30,77% NaOH and 69,23% of sodium methoxide and a yield of 89,32% when using only the sodium ethoxide whit ethanol. Chromatographic analysis indicated that the B100 biodiesel obtained is within the parameters established by Brazilian Legislation.

Thermophilic Bacillus sp. SMIA-2, produced protease when grown on apple pectic, whey protein and corn step liquor medium, whose concentration was varied from 3 to 10 gL-1, according to the central composite design 2³. The experiments were conducted in shaker, at 50 °C, 150 rpm and initial pH 6.5. The results revealed that the culture medium affected both, cell growth and enzyme production. After graphical and numerical optimization procedure, the enzyme production reached its maximum value at 30 h fermentation, reaching, approximately, 70 U protein mg-1, suggesting that this process was partially associated to the growth.

Copyright of Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente is the property of Revista em Agronegocio e Meio Ambiente and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A chromatographic method was developed for cholesterol determination in feed for ruminants using response surface methodology. Among the five approaches of sample preparation methods tested, the saponification of the sample without heating presented less interference in the gas chromatography. The method presented a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.3%, recoveries between 84 and 87% and detection limit of 0.001 mg of cholesterol per g of feed.