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This study aimed to adjust mathematical models to determine volumetric estimation for all commercial species for forest management in the municipality of Placa, state of Pará, Brazil. For the adjustment, 235 trees were selected, distributed among 14 of the 17 species of commercial value authorized for cutting at the Annual Production Unit (APU). These were selected from a Simple Random Sampling (SRS), with all rigor, so that all diametric classes from 50 cm and with an amplitude of 10 cm were represented. The evaluation of the 6 equations had satisfactory results, and with the parameters analyzed any one could be used in the volumetric estimate for the second Annual Operation Plan (AOP). This is because both have low estimation errors and good R² adjustments, good dispersion of residues, in addition to estimated volumes equivalent to that of cubing. The accuracy of these equations was supported by the high correlation of DAP (r = 0.95) to the detriment of Hc (r = -0.23). Hc when obtained with good precision can generate more efficient equations for volume estimates, however, if it does not have a good correlation, it can be harmless. Therefore, care should be taken when using the independent variables and considering the correlation before testing the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water sustainability establishes a key factor for human group development. This study aimed to verify the anthropic activities influence through the Water Quality Index (WQI), Trophic State Index (TSI), Recreational Water Quality Index (RWQI) and Phytoplankton Community Index (PCI) for water quality at São Francisco, Paraíba, Pajeú and Moxotó river basins stretches. Information were provided by Brazilian National Integration Ministry concerning to biannual samplings during 2013/2014. pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, COD, total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a variables showed results outside the limits established by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 for class II waters. These results showed a human influence on the water quality of rivers and reservoirs assessed, and they will be served as a support for future research development for water ecosystems management at Brazilian semiarid region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In southern Brazil there are remnants of natural populations of Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick (Arecaceae), palm groves locally known as butiazais. This work was developed in order to characterize the herbaceous and subshrubby assemblages associated to this ecosystem in the Tapes municipality (Rio Grande do Sul state), located in Pampa Biome, Brazil. Forty nine field trips were done from March 2011 to July 2013, when collecting flourished and/or fruited material. In the three hectares sampled in this study, 261 herbaceous taxa and subshrubs were found, corresponding to 170 genera belonging to 54 families. The most representative family was Poaceae (29 genera and 67 species), including a new species for the science, followed by Asteraceae (32 genera/49 species), Fabaceae (13/20), Cyperaceae (7/10), Orchidaceae (6/8), Iridaceae (5/8), Rubiaceae (5/8), Verbenaceae (4/5), Malvaceae (4/4), Cactaceae (4/4), Euphorbiaceae (4/4), Apiaceae (3/8), Melastomataceae (3/3) and Solanaceae (3/5). This area of native grasslands in association to the palm grove provides important ecosystem services that must be conserved. The results obtained in this study may provide the basis for the development of public policies related to the protection and management of the ecosystem of butiazal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Northeast region of Brazil is characteristic the significant spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, due to the action of different meteorological systems. At certain locations in the state of Paraíba is common the absence of rain for prolonged periods, causing serious problems for society and natural ecosystems. In this sense, the present study aims to the evaluation of rainfall and number of days with rain observed in two distinct cities of Paraíba. The data has been provided by the National Institute of Meteorology and came from observations performed between the years 2002 and 2011. From the analysis of the results it has been found that the annual and monthly rainfall total observed in João Pessoa is largely higher than that of Campina Grande. In both places, the rains were more abundant and regular in the first half of the year, with peaks around the month of June. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment is an indispensable resource for human survival, as well as certain economic activities are essential, and difficult to reconcile a peaceful coexistence between the two. It is of growing concern in proposing an economic development covering issues related to the environment, to promote basic environmental conditions, not attacking the nature and place where such ventures are installed. Accordingly, the gas stations because they are characterized by the development of high-risk activities for the environment, should invest in environmental protection in order to make their activity less aggressive as possible. Any measure adopted environmental management in order to preserve the environment involves the consumption of resources, which need to be controlled and properly accounted for. Therefore, it is the duty of accounting to identify and assess the economic and financial events related to the environment, can affect the outcome of state assets and entities. This study sought to identify the environmental management measures implemented by the Cooperative of Autonomous Road Vehicles Drivers of Santa Maria, and analyzing costs associated with environmental management actions. Technique was employed for observation combined with the structured interview technique. The results revealed that the environmental costs had a negative representative for the company, in other words, instead of contributing to the maintenance and growth of the company, represented an economic sacrifice, as it is not diluted in the volume of revenues during the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It's necessary to know the mechanisms of self-regulation, relationships and integration levels of autonomy of nature and human societies, so that you can prevent possible disruption of nature equilibrium. The aim of this work, a brief exploration of some elements of the concepts and fundamentals of social and environmental disruption in relations of human populations demonstrating the conceptual and behavioral change in the relations between society, development and sustainability. This study deals with a literature review developed exclusively from literature sources, with the following approaches: 1) cities and human adaptive capacity, emphasizing the human organism as an indicator of any change that happens around him, both in the nature, as in the social sector; 2) the relationship between culture and nature, in which culture influences the way of conceiving ideas and priorities; 3) the environmental problems, where the ecological problem is that all human activities which we call development tend to involve interference in natural ecosystems; 4) the methods of production and consumption, minimizing environmental impacts through new patterns of consumption; 5) on industrial ecology, natural relating to the industrial systems and; 6) the environmental management in companies, in search of a reassessment of the production process. It was found that some aspects such as economic globalization, the introduction of consumer goods and technologies in countries whose economy was closed, adjustment policies and international agreements had higher inference to change the models of development, changing own societies and the concepts of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal for a debate in search of an alternative to implementing a project of sewage treatment at the Spa of Conceição da Barra ES presents a methodology based on reviews. The results show the need for an awareness program and education in schools, aiming at prevention as it pertains to preservation of the ecosystem, and no contamination of groundwater, since the entire drainage system of the city consists of septic tanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to raise awareness and sensitize the population of the Garden District Jardim Cumbica, Guarulhos city-SP regarding the dangers of trafficking of wild birds, to show the impacts that may be caused in the ecosystem, possible diseases, and the negative impact on the issue environmental partner, the result of practice in the creation of wild birds, presenting the main Brazilian birds, trafficked in Brazil end other countries, pointing also the amount of dirty money generated by this traffic, where it ends by encouraging and stimulating other illegal practices such as trafficking drugs end weapons, where we expect to actually realize a portion of the population of all possible crimes caused the trafficking of wild birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present and discuss a comprehensive / explanatory model, of ecosystem approach, on the process of transmission of dengue in the levels of micro and macro context, from the identification of the risks involved. Dengue was considered a viral infectious disease of vectorial transmission that carries on its transmission dynamics, elements of the biological, behavioral, ecological, political and economic dimensions, that make it a complex problem and require a systemic approach to its control. Thus, for the construction of modeling, we used the theoretical framework of social reproduction of Juan Samaja and its conditions of macro and microcontext, and the operating ecosystem approach, which sought to answer the question driving this construction: what are the risk situations for the transmission of dengue, considering the different dimensions of \"social reproduction of health\" at the local level? The enlarged view of the interrelationships among the various risk situations involved in determining multidimensional dengue could guide the integrated management of actions of a disease control program, coordinated by the several sectors involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las estructuras biogénicas producidas por las lombrices modifican los atributos químicos y mineralógicos del suelo. Estas alteraciones son poco conocidas en suelos altamente intemperados neotropicales invadidos por lombrices peregrinas e exóticas. Este trabajo tuvo como objeto evaluar las alteraciones en la disponibilidad de micronutrientes y en los óxidos de hierro de un Latosol Rojo distroférrico (LVdf) (Oxisol) bajo diferentes condiciones de manejo, al ser invadido por las lombrices Pontoscolex corethrurus y Amynthas gracilis. Los micronutrientes analizados fueron zinc (Zn), cobre (Cu), manganeso (Mn) e hierro (Fe). Los óxidos de hierro fueron analizados a través de métodos de disolución selectiva, siendo cuantificadas las alteraciones en los contenidos de hierro libre (Fed) y amorfo (Feo) y aluminio y manganeso presentes en los óxidos de hierro por sustitución isomórfica libres (Ald y Mnd) y amorfos (Alo y Mno). Suelo fue recolectado bajo bosque nativo, dos agroecosistemas de plantación directa y un pastizal, secado al aire, tamizado y humectado para la incubación de las lombrices y posterior obtención de deyecciones. El análisis de los atributos químicos y mineralógicos de las deyecciones mostró que, por lo general, se observó un incremento del contenido de Fed y Feo en las deyecciones comparado al suelo de control. Lo opuesto fue observado para los contenidos de Ald y Alo, con reducción de los contenidos en las deyecciones. No hubo diferencias significativas en los contenidos de Mnd y Mno. Las deyecciones concentraron mayores contenidos de Zn, Cu y Mn, pero tuvieron contenidos menores de Fe disponible. La actividad de las lombrices influyó, por lo general, en forma positiva sobre los contenidos de micronutrientes y de óxidos de hierro libre y amorfo en el LVdf bajo los diferentes sistemas de manejo estudiados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las actividades de las lombrices modifican procesos clave en el suelo y sus poblaciones son afectadas por el manejo del suelo y del cultivo, que afecta el suministro de energía, nutrientes y el estado químico de los suelos. De esta forma, fueron evaluados la supervivencia, la pérdida de peso, la producción de deyecciones y los efectos de las especies Pontoscolex corethrurus y Amynthas gracilis sobre los atributos químicos de un Latosol Rojo distroférrico (LVdf) (Oxisol) bajo diferentes sistemas de manejo. Se utilizaron para el cultivo suelo seco al aire, tamizado y humectado de un bosque nativo (MT), dos agroecosistemas de siembra directa (PD y PDS) y un pastizal (PT). Las lombrices fueron incubadas en sala oscura con temperatura controlada para las evaluaciones biológicas y obtención de deyecciones. Pontoscolex corethrurus se adaptó bien a los tratamientos, a pesar de la pérdida de peso en todos los tratamientos y en los tratamientos PD y PDS los individuos retrocedieron al estado juvenil. Amynthas gracilis no se adaptó bien a los tratamientos utilizados, demostrando bajas tasas de supervivencia y elevadas pérdidas de peso. Las mayores producciones de deyecciones se observaron en el tratamiento MT para ambas especies, mientras que las menores ocurrieron en PD y PDS para P. corethrurus y en PT para A. gracilis. Las deyecciones producidas fueron mucho más ricas en cationes intercambiables, carbono orgánico total, fósforo y azufre y hubo aumento en los valores de pH y bases, en comparación con el suelo control. Se observó que la actividad de las especies en el LVdf puede alterar significativamente los contenidos de nutrientes disponibles en esos sistemas de manejo, a pesar de no haberse desarrollado bien (pérdida de peso). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use and appropriation of the cultural space biogeographically located in the Central Western region of Brazil has historically been a source of conflict. Currently, new social agents have demanded participation in occupying that space, giving rise to new conflicts, now understood as environmental, which update the dispute by determining the way in which natural elements are used and appropriated. Since the arrival of new immigrants in the 1970s, meanings attributed to social identities have been built that clash with behaviors, characteristics, and values associated with the local population. Opposition between these two profiles is felt sometimes subtly, other times explicitly, suggesting that this aspect guides the configuration of social identities and, as a result, of the conflicts between the agents' demands, logic and expectations. The aim of this article is to discuss configuration of the profile of "gaúchos" and "goianos" in the Central Western region, with their historically constructed clashes and accommodations, and contemporary readjustments associated with incorporating the "environmental issue" into local dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental awareness process that begun in the 1970's led to the inclusion of environmental protection goals in administration. Concepts such as that of deep ecology grew to be better understood; new businesses, such as ecotourism, sprang up. In this context, a brazilian ecotourism firm, & aventuras was founded and became a pioneer in the Diamantina, important ecological tourist center. Its founders have always been careful to respect the environment and to include the local community, mainly composed of poor ex-prospectors. They have developed actions that have led to a partnership, benefiting all those involved, contributing to the preservation of the Chapada ecosystems. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the firm's experience, showing the difficulties encountered and solutions adopted. Current analysis shows that Venturas underwent a learning and transformation process in which it adhered to various principles contained in the deep ecology concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]