This article analyzes the imbrication between literature and economics in a poem by Carlos Drummond de Andrade. It is "Lira Itabirana", published in a newspaper in 1983, but it was never published in a book. The poem, known by few back then, gained notoriety after two catastrophic ruptures of tailings dams by mining company Vale s.a., in 2015 and 2019, in the state of Minas Gerais, the birthplace of Drummond. Despite its timelessness, the original theme of the poem relates to the economic crisis and the indebtedness of the Brazilian state during the military civil dictatorship that was in force for two decades in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]