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Objective: to understand the experience of family members of drug users in the Catepa (Malanje), Angola. Method: exploratory, phenomenological and qualitative study, conducted in 2019. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a guide and recorder, in the family members' own homes. For the analysis, the thematic analysis technique was used. Results: the family perceives the relative in an ambivalent way, a characteristic that may be weighing the consequences of drug addiction, and delaying the search for help and greater proximity of the family and the user with health services. Prejudice and judgments are demotivating factors, as is the indifferent and undesirable behavior of the user under the influence of drugs. Even though they seek internal strategies to help the user, including based on religious precepts, they are unable to involve this family member in family activities, and do not observe the repercussions of the dialogue about prevention and harm to the user's treatment and recovery. Conclusion: the experience of family members is not healthy from a social and therapeutic point of view, suggesting little participation or limited perception by the family about the need for support networks and collaboration with social and health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of human rights in the aspect of relations between the state and addicted patients (and in general relations in the sphere of circulation of drugs) remains scantily explored for modern Ukraine, which actualizes further scientific research. The purpose of the article is to determine the authors’ vision of compliance with international human rights standards of the legal anti-drug prohibitions established by the state. To achieve this goal, using the historical-legal, comparative, dialectical, systemic, hermeneutic, sociological methods and legal method of cognition, national and foreign legislation was critically analyzed, international experience in implementing various models of anti-drug policy was studied, and proposals for the draft of a new Criminal Code of Ukraine were formulated. The authors pay special attention to the problems of protecting the rights of drug addicts, legal liability in the field of drug trafficking, legalization of drugs for non-medical needs and compulsory treatment of drug addicts. El tema de los derechos humanos en el aspecto de las relaciones entre el Estado y los pacientes adictos (y en general las relaciones en la esfera de la circulación de drogas) sigue siendo escasamente explorado en la Ucrania moderna, lo que actualiza una mayor investigación científica. El objetivo del artículo es determinar la visión de los autores sobre el cumplimiento de las normas internacionales de derechos humanos de las prohibiciones legales antidroga establecidas por el Estado. Para lograr este objetivo, utilizando los métodos histórico-jurídico, comparativo, dialéctico, sistémico, hermenéutico, sociológico y el método jurídico de cognición, se han analizado críticamente la legislación nacional y extranjera, se ha estudiado la experiencia internacional en la aplicación de diversos modelos de política antidroga y se han formulado propuestas para el proyecto de un nuevo Código Penal de Ucrania. Los autores prestan especial atención a los problemas de la protección de los derechos de los drogodependientes, la responsabilidad jurídica en el ámbito del tráfico de drogas, la legalización de las drogas para necesidades no médicas y el tratamiento obligatorio de los drogodependientes.

Abstract Introduction High rates of early hospital discharge are often observed in crack cocaine users and are related to adverse outcomes and increased public spending. This study evaluated clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with early treatment discharge among crack users. Methods The sample comprised 308 men diagnosed with crack cocaine use disorder (crack only), aged 18 to 65 years, admitted between 2013 and 2017 to a male-only hospital unit to treat substance use disorders. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained using the Addiction Severity Index, 6th version, and a Sociodemographic Questionnaire. Results Early discharge (within 7 days) was significantly associated with lack of own income, insufficient family support, being single, and recent homelessness. Regarding drug use, lower treatment retention was related to younger age of crack use onset, recent alcohol use, and nicotine use. Factors such as age, skin color, and educational level showed no relation to the outcome. Conclusion Our findings suggest that presence of characteristics verifiable at the time of admission may be related to crack users’ treatment retention. Identification of these factors can contribute to target interventions in order to improve treatment adherence in crack cocaine users.

Copyright of Interação em Psicologia is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interação em Psicologia is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Portuguese Journal of Mental Health Nursing / Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental is the property of Portuguese Society of Mental Health Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Psicologia Clínica is the property of Faculdades Catolicas - Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether progression from first drug use to crack-cocaine use differs according to gender, and whether the report of sexual or physical violence impacts the time of progression. Methods: We interviewed 896 crack-cocaine users (548 men; 348 women) from addiction treatment units. Cox regression models evaluated the time of progression from first drug use to crack use. We analyzed gender differences according to the absence or presence of sexual or physical violence, also considering whether violence, when present, had occurred before or after the onset of crack use. Results: Women presented a faster progression to crack use regardless of exposure to sexual or physical violence (p < 0.05). Compared to unexposed men, there was a similar progression for men exposed to sexual or physical violence before the first use of crack (p = 0.167 and p = 0.393, respectively). In both genders, we observed a faster progression among individuals exposed to these types of violence after the onset of crack use (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We found a faster progression to crack use among women and among individuals exposed to sexual and physical violence after the onset of crack use. These results encourage differentiated treatment strategies, focused on gender and individual characteristics.

The research aims to analyze the application of nudges in two public policies implemented in the state of Alagoas: the policy for children and adolescents and on drugs. From a behavioural perspective, we used a documental analysis of the work plans that govern the execution of the project as well as of the legal documents that regulate the functioning of the programme studied, in order to understand the application of this extension of behavioural economics in a equipping programme aimed at a child and adolescent care agency and in the project aimed at sheltering adolescents in a drug addiction situation. From the analysis, it was found that the nudges are applied in both contexts, with the objective of interfering in the choice architecture of individuals in view of a social welfare through the actions of each individual. It is concluded on the possibility of using mechanisms of behavioral economics in the context of public policy, despite the possible lack of awareness of the policy maker who adopts this type of behavioral change in the target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Think about the subject traversed by the drug addiction phenomenon implies in legitimize paradoxical ways of living life. If before some substances existed as a contact means with deities through members authorized by certain groups, in modernity are inaugurated new ways of use that become these substances known as “drugs”. The addicted subject, being product and effect of current economic policies, awake social attempts of control that denounce the lack of know how to deal with the issue. Already being difficult to think about this, when considering subgroups such as women, the question becomes even more problematic. Between 2000 and 2016, there was a 656% increase in female incarceration, with a high proportion of drug-related crimes. In view of these phenomena and transference with psychoanalysis, that shows how the women figure is understood since Freud as an enigma, we propose this work by excerpts from a clinical experience and research with a women group in a Psychosocial Care Center - alcohol and other drugs (CAPS AD). To this, it was offered a space in which these women could talk about the impasses of the encounter with the feminine and the social bond, being in particular crossed by toxic objects. This work resulted in elaborations about curious and symptomatic partnerships that these women established throughout their lives, leading us to reflect on how much drug addiction can approach a semblant of existence for some of them. In direction of psychoanalytic ethics, the emergence of singular is reinforced in the face of globalized responses, and it is proposed to potentialize the listening like in this work in other care and embracement places, especially public spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is part of the master's thesis "A Psychologist in Health Care for Women in Abuse of Drugs: An Ethnographic Perspective". It started from the questioning about the roles played by non-governmental care devices for women in abusive drug use: who do these institutions serve, who or what do they really aim to serve? Based on the hypothesis that women who propose treatments in a Therapeutic Community, they tend not to do so out of their own desire, but in response to different institutions, from the Family to the State. The study is characterized by an exploratory qualitative, ethnographic character. Ethnographic practice is found in the possibility of strangeness as a means of access to the enlightening potential (Magnani, 2009) and takes place through a close and inside look (Magnani, 2002), in an extensive coexistence (Sato & Souza, 2001). The discussion was based on the genealogy of power present in the work of Foucault (2006) and its scholars. From this analysis, it appears that women continue to be too socially linked to the social roles of mother, wife, guardian, housewife, caregiver of the family and the home, which intensifies in the situation of drug abuse. Therefore, it is understood that a device arising from the reformist logics in an attempt to overcome the mental asylum logic, but which ends up repeating such practices, strongly corroborates the categorical and accelerated setbacks movement already present in the field of public health, especially in the area of public health and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of drug addiction in adolescence and the situation of this problem in Portugal. The agents of intervention for personal and social well-being are professionals in the social and health sector, so this is a relevant topic for Social Work. After a theoretical and legal framework on the subject, we started to analyze and reflect on secondary statistical data provided by SICAD and Eurostat, which would make it possible to present a synthesis of them. The data from this descriptive study indicate that even with the prohibition of the consumption of illicit drugs and the prohibition of the sale and consumption of tobacco and alcoholic beverages under the age of eighteen, in Portugal, the reality is not the desired one in our legal framework. In this way, it is important to change the situation and focus on prevention, taking advantage of the factors that protect young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Portuguese Journal of Mental Health Nursing / Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental is the property of Portuguese Society of Mental Health Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Portuguese Journal of Mental Health Nursing / Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental is the property of Portuguese Society of Mental Health Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Complementary and Integrative Practices (CIPs) are part of the holistic care model. They establish a balance between science, technology and humanization, improve users' quality of life, and may reduce drug dependence. The aim was to evaluate drug consumption in individuals using CIPs. This was a population-based study conducted in the municipality of Rondonópolis, MT. Sampling was performed in multiple stages, stratified and by clusters. In the study, were included 177 individuals that used a CIPs. The average number of medications consumed per interviewee was used as an indicator of the intensity and the differences between the averages of consumption were compared through the Kruskal Wallis test. The prevalence of medication use among users of CIPs was 79.66%. The average consumption of medications in the study population was 2.13 (SD: 2.31), it was significantly higher in elderly individuals, those with up to eight years of study, who did not work, who sought the emergency department in the last year and those who had health insurance. Medications that act in the cardiovascular system were the most consumed. Users of CIPs had a high prevalence of medication use. It is greatly important that research and health education actions aimed at the promotion of a conscious consumption of medicines are performed and implemented among users of CIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes a clinical experience in a psychiatric inpatient unit for men diagnosed with drug addiction, which was analyzed based on the analyst's discourse (Lacan 1969-70/1992). The arrangement of the objet petit a reveals that the relationship with drugs is not always the cause of psychic suffering. One of the aspects of this clinic, in which neurotic subjects predominate, includes the drive to repeat failure, resulting in the meaningless. This is not related to drugs, but rather to the subject's modus operandi. Pointing out the antithesis between phallus and superego as the only instance that imposes jouissance, we establish the difference between drug abuse as a suspension of phallic jouissance, as proposed by Lacan (1975/1976), and compulsive repetition that exhausts the subject and results in failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a thesis on drug addict treatment as a segregation device. Its methods is based on clinical cases of patients admitted in specialized ward at psychiatric Hospital. It was identified association between hospitalization and places of drug intake as a logical continuity. Data was analyzed using Lacanian oriented psychoanalysis. Drug addiction is related to the development of the scientific discourse as science produces real from its work by mathematical formalization as capitalism expands and introduces new consumer goods. As Master Discourse induces a loss of jouissence object by incidence of language and produces a splitted subject, Capitalist Discourse is articulated to the homogenization of juissence made by science and increases risk of abolishing subjectivity. In consequence, segregation is the social bond that crosses these discourses and it is expressed by different means of freedom privation. Psychoanalytical treatment for drug addicts sustains a place for subject as resistence to materÂ's command. It imposes a limit to institutional tendance to supress subjectivity for a generalized cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to analyze the drug addiction phenomenon through a psychoanalytic perspective. The triad subject -- drug -- environment proposed by the French doctor Claude Olievenstein was examined to perceive each one of its element separately, but also taking into consideration the articulation among them. Since drug addiction is a pulsional matter, the bibliographic review searched in psychoanalysis the theoretical support to base this analysis. The article is aimed at anyone who seeks to understand the complexity and kinetics of drug addiction phenomenon by questioning its subjective elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. This article aims to offer a vision of the centers at a global level that use derivatives of plants or animals for the treatment of substance use disorders, and to offer a reflection on the concept of drugs as medicinal or toxicant agents depending on the context of use, culture and policy. Methodology. Some practices coming from Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas were considered, carrying out a research based on scientific literature, exchange of information with treatment centers, internet search and the personal experience of the authors. Results and Discussion. Different cases of the use of natural medicines are described including psychoactive derivatives of Tabernanthe iboga and Bufo alvarius. Conclusions. The blurred boundaries between considering drug consumption as a crime or as a health issue could be overcome by being inspired by the ancient wisdom of traditional medicines.

The text in question sought to answer how the difficulties of adherence to treatment, presented by adolescent drug users, can benefit the work carried out in the Psychosocial Care Centers of Children-Juvenile (CAPSi) of the state of Minas Gerais. It highlights, among others, the difficulty that has been called "social disinsertion." The theoretical/practical field of psychoanalysis guided the work through the unique case method, which allows universalized results respecting the singularities, that is, a universal achieved from the singular. Fragments of the semi-structured interviews conducted with the five youths studied, indicated by the service teams because they are considered paradigmatic of those who had difficulties with adherence, and with the professionals who accompanied them are used to support the considerations presented, considering the cartography of their lives involved in the process. It was found that the effects of symbolic dismissals of the Other, in the contemporary, have favored the establishment of subjective modes of social disconnection, such as drug addiction, and that the way The text in question sought to answer how the difficulties of adherence to treatment, presented by adolescent drug users, can benefit the work carried out in the Psychosocial Care Centers of Children-Juvenile (CAPSi) of the state of Minas Gerais. It highlights, among others, the difficulty that has been called "social disinsertion." The theoretical/practical field of psychoanalysis guided the work through the unique case method, which allows universalized results respecting the singularities, that is, a universal achieved from the singular. Fragments of the semi-structured interviews conducted with the five youths studied, indicated by the service teams because they are considered paradigmatic of those who had difficulties with adherence, and with the professionals who accompanied them are used to support the considerations presented, considering the cartography of their lives involved in the process. It was found that the effects of symbolic dismissals of the Other, in the contemporary, have favored the establishment of subjective modes of social disconnection, such as drug addiction, and that the way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the number of students from a higher education institution into the interior of São Paulo state who experienced their entry into alcohol, tobacco and other substances in order to evaluate the occurrence and dependency level on them. Materials and Methods: An extract of a compiling, exploratory, descriptive study under a quantitative approach was conducted in 416 undergraduate students. The data were collected over the third quarter of 2017 by applying a semi-structured questionnaire prepared by the authors in addition to the Triage Questionnaire for Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs Use. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted for data analysis as well as a Pearson' chi-squared test, according to the instructions for the application of the selected instrument. This study was received and approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: The general rates for entry and drug type are 140 (30%) for tobacco derivatives, 303 (66%) for alcohol beverages, 89 (19%) for marijuana, 32 (7%) for cocaine/crack, 24 (5%) for amphetamines or ecstasy, 30 (7%) for inhalant drugs, 45 (10%) for hypnotics/sedatives, 36 (8%) for hallucinogens and 9 (2%) for opioids. Discussion: Students showed to be involved in all types of substances which is linked to flexibility in relation to their use in the university environment and their easy access. Conclusions: Undergraduate students have a real and intense relationship with alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. In addition to this relationship, the risk of addiction to these substances is presented as a major social and healthcare problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, we addresses the recurrent connection between adolescence and drug addiction as it is observed in the contemporary context. From the Content Analysis Technique, we establish four categories a priori to work the material from interviews with three adolescent who were in treatment in public health services for drug abuse. This work was based on the contributions of Psychoanalysis, emphasizing the adolescent transition, the notion of helplessness and the relation between compulsion and death drive. It was possible to access and explore the conditions present in the life history of these teens that lead to affirm the impor - tance of giving priority to listening and understanding the elements that lead to seeking and using drugs for the adolescent. Psychoanalysis, by providing the subject an insight into the uniqueness of their history and experience, enables to expand the possibilities for intervening before the manifestations of psychic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar o nível de sobrecarga do cuidador em uma amostra composta por 115 mulheres, familiares de dependentes químicos que estavam realizando tratamento. Buscou-se verificar diferenças quanto à sobrecarga e o tipo de droga, local de tratamento e variáveis sociodemográficas. Utilizou-se questionário sociodemográfico e Inventário de Sobrecarga do Cuidador de Zarit, analisados com auxílio do SPSS 21. O nível de sobrecarga foi moderado a severo, não diferindo significativamente quanto ao tipo de droga (álcool ou crack), mas sim quanto ao local de tratamento dos usuários (maior para ambulatório) e ao parentesco (mães com maior sobrecarga). Espera-se que os dados encontrados possam auxiliar na assistência aos familiares que assumem o cuidado no tratamento da dependência química.

Objective. This article aims to give an overview of the major American centers using traditional herbal medicine or their derivatives in the treatment of substance dependence. Methodology. For the purpose of this article we have considered a small number of plants hailing from South, Central and North America. The research has been based on scientific literature, information exchange with treatment centers, internet searches and the personal experience of the authors. Results and discussion. Results show the relevance of certain psychoactive plants well known also for inducing modified states of consciousness (MSCs) including Ayahuasca, Coca, Wachuma, Tobacco, Psilocybe mushrooms, Salvia divinorum and Peyote. Conclusions. Plant based assisted therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders appear to be a promising field of research, although validation of the clinical outcomes need to be improved for the majority of the analyzed cases.

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper intends to address the current diagnostic issues concerning the subject's relation to drugs, considering that diagnosis in drug addiction is widely wrapped in the diagnostic platform of the chemical dependence. The intention is, therefore, regarding the psychoanalytic clinic, to position a critique of the diagnostic reason thanks to the theoretical-clinical contribution of the Freudo-Lacanian psychoanalysis. In this sense, the location of drug addiction as a new form of naming of the symptom, which implies a particular surplus jouissance, is presented as one of the main and fruitful contributions of psychoanalysis to a clinic beyond the symptomatological description. Indeed, both drug and drug addiction raise as discursive effects in the era of science, i.e., they excel in the empty space left by the ignorance of the jouissance of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Via analysis of the demographics in a sample of crack users, this study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of risk factors and drivers of health vulnerability of the population studied. The study included 45 women with a mean age of 29.11 years (SD = 7.99) in rehabilitation clinical (34) and therapeutic communities (11) in the Brazilian states of Paraiba (PB) and Pernambuco (PE). As an instrument, a demographic questionnaire was used and analyzed via descriptive statistics with software SPSS / PASW version 21.0. The results showed a profile of users mostly young people of reproductive age and maternal experiences, with low levels of education and out of the formal labor market. These data demonstrate the need for greater investment in health and education in this age of the study population and the importance of improving public policies in this area in order to reduce vulnerability and the biopsychosocial impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa cujo objetivo foi compreender o papel do profissional técnico de enfermagem em comunidades terapêuticas na Região de Valparaíso, Chile, segundo a percepção dos participantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 2012, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicadas a quatro técnicos em tratamento e reabilitação, já que nas comunidades terapêuticas não existe o profissional enfermeiro. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de análise de conteúdo, identificando os eixos temáticos em torno do significado que os participantes atribuem ao seu trabalho e à percepção da relação terapêutica desenvolvida. Utilizou-se o relacionamento terapêutico como referencial teórico metodológico. Os resultados mostram que o trabalho de interação com os dependentes é considerado trabalho difícil frustrante, mas também gratificante. O técnico cuida da pessoa e sua família num trabalho colaborativo de motivação e apoio junto com a equipe multiprofissional. ABSTRACT This exploratory qualitative research aims to describe the role that the professional nurse plays in therapeutic communities according to the perception of its participants in the Region of Valparaiso in Chile. The gathering of the data was done through semi-structured interviews to rehabilitation and treatment technicians, since there were no professional nurses in the therapeutic communities in January/2012. The methodology used for the data analysis was content analysis. It focused on the identification of the main themes that surrounded the meaning that participants give to their work as well as the perception of the therapeutic relationship they develop. The methodological framework used was therapeutic relationship. The findings show that the working with addicts in an interactional basis is hard and frustrating, but at the same time, rewarding. The technician takes care of the person and his/her family in a collaborative work centred on motivations and support with a multi-professional team. RESUMEN Estudio exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue conocer el rol del profesional técnico de enfermería en las comunidades terapéuticas según la percepción de los participantes en la Región de Valparaíso-Chile, en 2012. La pesquiza de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, aplicadas a cuatro técnicos en tratamiento y rehabilitación, ya que en las comunidades terapéuticas no se cuenta con profesional enfermero. El tratamiento de datos se realizó en 2012, a través del análisis de contenido, identificando ejes temáticos en torno al significado que los participantes otorgan a su trabajo y a la percepción de la relación terapéutica desarrollada. Se utilizó el relacionamiento terapêutico como marco teórico metodológico. Los resultados muestran que el trabajo interaccional con adictos es considerado un trabajo difícil, frustrante y a la vez gratificante. El técnico realiza el cuidado a la persona y su familia en un trabajo colaborativo de motivación y apoyo con el equipo multiprofesional.

A relação entre Estado e atendimento às demandas dos adolescentes sofreram mudanças históricas, tendo como importante marco a criação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Analisamos, com enfoque qualitativo, como os serviços de saúde mental e drogadição de um município do Estado de São Paulo compreendem a demanda dos adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. As cinco instituições participantes informaram, por meio de questionários, as características dos serviços oferecidos e sua aproximação com a população atendida. Identificamos a fragmentação entre as ações públicas, havendo ora sobreposição de serviços, ora ausência desses, além do distanciamento das necessidades dos adolescentes, o que impossibilita que essas ações ofereçam elementos para que esse público mantenha uma relação positiva frente aos elementos vulnerabilizantesThe relationship between the State and the demands of the adolescents has historically changed, having as a landmark the establishment of "Child and Adolescent Statute" (ECA). We have analyzed under the scope of qualitative research how mental health services and drug addiction of a city of São Paulo State comprehended the demands of adolescents under social vulnerability. The five participating institutions in this study have reported through questionnaires the characteristics of their services and how they approach the population served. We identified the fragmentation of public actions, with either overlapping of services, sometimes their absence, besides the distance of the needs of adolescents, avoiding public action to raise elements capable of keeping a positive relationship between this public and the elements that turn them vulnerable.

Este artigo, fundamentado na Psicanálise, visa analisar a questão da drogadicção na adolescência contemporânea, mostrando quanto a dimensão de desamparo, com toda a complexidade que comporta, tem sido determinante no incremento deste fenômeno. Aborda o tema do desamparo tendo como pano de fundo uma instituição que, como outras instituições tradicionais, encontra-se hoje absolutamente enfraquecida e fragilizada: a família. É neste campo que os sujeitos adolescentes emergem e vêm a se desenvolver. Seria a drogadicção uma das respostas defensivas possíveis a essa situação de desamparo? Esta e uma das questões que norteiam o nosso percurso, no qual será também realizado um estudo da noção de transmissão psíquica, noção que nos permite estabelecer significativas relações entre os diversos elementos envolvidos na questão que nos ocupa.Este artículo, fundamentado en el Psicoanálisis, busca analizar la cuestión de la drogadicción en la adolescencia contemporánea, mostrando hasta qué punto la dimensión de desamparo, con toda la complejidad que comporta, ha sido determinante en el incremento de este fenómeno. Abordaremos el tema del desamparo teniendo como telón de fondo una de las instituciones que, junto a las demás instituciones tradicionales, hoy se encuentra absolutamente debilitada y fragilizada: la familia; es en este campo que los sujetos adolescentes emergen y se desenvuelven. ¿Podría ser la drogadicción una de las respuestas defensivas posibles a esa situación de desamparo? He una de las cuestiones que orientan nuestro precurso, en el cuál también será realizado un estudio de noción de transmisión psíquica, noción que nos permite establecer significativas relaciones entre los diversos elementos involucrados en la cuestión que nos ocupa.This paper, grounded on Psychoanalysis, aims at analyzing the issue of the addiction to drugs in contemporary adolescence, demonstrating how much the dimension of helplessness, with all its complexity, has been determinant in the current increase of this phenomenon. We’ll study the theme of helplessness on the background of the family, one of the institutions that, along with the other traditional institutions, is totally weakened and frail; the adolescent subjects emerge and develop in this field. Is the addiction to drugs one of the possible defensive responses in front of this situation of helplessness? These are some questions that guide our route, in which we’ll discuss the notion of psychical transmission, a notion that allows us establishing significant relations between the many elements involved in the issue we’re studying.

Este estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar as implicações dos padrões de humor na manutenção do ciclo da drogadicção nos sistemas familiares com dependentes químicos, tendo como pressupostos as correlações entre drogadicção e transtornos de humor. Consideramos importante investigar como os padrões de depressão e mania afetam e são afetados, recursivamente, pelo sistema familiar com membro adicto. Apresentamos um estudo de caso de terapia familiar estrutural e estratégica de uma família com um membro adicto. Analisamos os resultados deste estudo focando a atenção nos dados que estes modelos de terapia possibilitam e nas categorias descritivas de padrões de humor criadas por Stierlin, Weber, Schmidt e Simon (1986), que trabalharam com famílias com transtornos de humor. Esta pesquisa colaborou para ampliar nossa visão sobre os diversos fatores que podem influenciar na manutenção da dependência de drogas nos sistemas familiares com membro adicto.Este estudio tiene como objetivo evidenciar las implicaciones de los modelos de humor en la manutención del ciclo de la drogadicción en los sistemas familiares con adictos químicos, teniendo como postulados las correlaciones entre drogadicción y trastornos de humor. Consideramos importante investigar como los modelos de depresión y manía afectan y son afectados, recursivamente, por el sistema familiar con miembro adicto. Presentamos un estudio de caso de terapia familiar estructural y estratégica de una familia con un miembro adicto. Analizamos los resultados de este estudio fijando atención en los datos que estos modelos de terapia posibilitan y en las categorías descriptivas de modelos de humor criadas por Stierlin, Weber, Schmidt y Simon (1986), que trabajaron con familias con trastornos de humor. Esta investigación colaboró para ampliar nuestra visión sobre los diversos factores que pueden influenciar en la manutención de la adicción de drogas en los sistemas familiares con miembro adicto.This study has as main objective to emphasize the implications of mood patterns in the maintenance of the drug addiction cycle, in family systems with chemical dependents, assuming that there is a correlation between drug addiction and mood disorders or perturbations. We considered important to investigate how depression and mania patterns, recursively, affect and are affected by the family system with a chemical-dependent member. We presented a case study of structural and strategic family therapy, in a family with an addicted member. We analyzed the results of the study, by focusing on both, the data that emerged from those models of therapy, and on descriptive categories related to mood patterns created by Stierlin, Weber, Schmidt and Simon (1986), who worked with families presenting mood disorders. The study helped to enlarge our views on the several factors that can influence the maintenance of drug dependence in family systems with addicted members.

The School Health Program is a federal public policy agreed between the areas of health and education, in order to provide primary care direct health in public schools. The objective was to evaluate the perceptions of the school community about the results of the program, focusing on drug addiction and verify the results for the social reintegration of young people. The methodology used was a case study using the assumptions of qualitative research, with hermeneutic, analytical, descriptive and observational method, and the content analysis techniques of analysis and interpretation of data through questionnaires with open questions and analysis content of the answers about the planned actions. In the studied population, the members were included in the local community, the professionals of the program, the school students involved with illegal drugs and teachers. The results showed the positive effects of action, as a part of community members recognized the anti-drug actions in the community. Managers indicated positive results with young drug addicts who had family support and sought help from professionals linked to the program. Students indicated a decrease in the use and trafficking of drugs within the school and confirmed that the places for support groups and treatment are being offered. Teachers confirmed that drug use has declined in that school. It was concluded that the positive results of actions were perceived by the school community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug addiction treatment brings various issues to Psychoanalysis. The difficulties brought to this clinic make us believe that a preliminary treatment is needed so that the analysis itself can occur. In this path that we have been trailing for some years, we have been confronted with a kind of defense that solidarizes with drug addiction. If the drug addiction is capable of making the subject torpor, this defense, the inhibition, is capable of making the subject silent and paralyzed. From the clinic, according to Freud and Lacan, we can observe how inhibition is capable of creating an obstacle to the treatment, as a defense against the drives and in relation to anguish. Through a clinical fragment, we were able to verify how the obstruction of inhibition enabled the drug addiction treatment and the possible advent of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological theories prioritize the mother-child relationship as a protective factor against the development of addictions in children. In this case report, we investigated the psychological functioning of a mother of a drug-addicted young man in order to determine which features of this operation could complicate the relationship with this son and hinder his healthy development. The participant was evaluated in psycho-diagnostic setting through semi-structured interview about her son, the Adaptive Operational Diagnostic Scale (EDAO) and the Rorschach Test. The data were analyzed and the techniques related to each other, using the analytic Winnicottian theory. Results showed an immature psychological functioning of this mother characterized by interpersonal difficulties and anxieties that make it impossible to solve and thus provide a good enough environment for the mental development of her children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]