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The objective of the present work is the study of H2S removal from heavy oil, using iron oxide nanoparticles in a controlled environment that simulates the pressure and temperature conditions of a reservoir and the aqua-thermolysis process during enhanced oil recovery with steam injection. Since molecular diffusion of H2S plays an important role during the removal process, its measurement through experimental tests was also a major goal. The research divides into three stages: 1) preparation of nanoparticles; 2) diffusion tests, and, 3) H2S removal tests. The procedure for nanoparticle preparation from a microemulsion and a metal precursor salt was successful in yielding nanoparticle sizes less than 100 nm. The diffusion coefficient of H2S in heavy oil, measured in a stainless steel PVT cell, varied between 8.3 × 10–9 and 8.9 × 10–9 m2s–1 over the range of test temperatures. Finally, over 65% of the H2S was removed when 500 ppm of nanoparticles were used.

ABSTRACT Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common disease with an increased anticipated burden to health systems worldwide. Methods to predict outcomes in these patients are needed so physicians can provide more effective care. Fractional anisotropy (FA) analysis is a promising technique used to quantify how preserved the diffusion is in neural pathways. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using the PRISMA guidelines. Full articles available online were searched for correlation coefficients between FA values and mJOA scores. Average FA values, preoperative mJOA, and postoperative mJOA scores were gathered to perform a correlation analysis. A total of 5 articles presented correlations between FA and mJOA change and were included in the correlation meta-analysis. Correlation coefficients varied from -0.42 and 0.55. The number of patients in each study varied from 15 to 95. The Random effects model resulted in a non-significant correlation coefficient of 0.1315 (95% CI: -0.2575 to 0.4839; p= 0.5124). Spearman's correlation analysis was significant for preoperative vs postoperative mJOA (r = 0.79, p = 0.02), while preoperative FA did not correlate significantly with preoperative or postoperative mJOA. At this point, the data available in the literature is insufficient to determine a real correlation between FA and mJOA scores. More studies are necessary for a better understanding of this matter. Level of Evidence III; Study Review.

Abstract Why do political actors promote public transparency? Studies show that adherence to transparency can be both politically strategic, i.e., to tie the hands of the successor, and a result of observing the adoption of the policy made by other municipalities, i.e., to minimize the cost of information. We test both the political and the informational motivations to explain the adoption of transparency laws with a subnational analysis of the diffusion of LAI in Brazilian municipalities (2011-2019). Results show that both the informational and the political strategy motivations affect the probability of adopting the LAI. Socioeconomic factors are also important explanatory factors. However, an analysis of heterogeneous effects shows that the learning mechanism is relevant for reducing the impact of socioeconomic factors. This means that learning from neighboring municipalities minimizes the cost of information and the reliance on structural factors to promote transparency at the local level.

The Covid-19 pandemic originated from the new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the disease called Covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), which emerged in late 2019 in China, having its first confirmed case in the territory of Maranhão on March 20, 2020, internalizing from this period. During this, it seeks to understand the dynamics of the spatial-temporal distribution of Covid-19 in Maranhão territory using Cartography. For this, we use data from the daily bulletins of the State Department of Health (SES/MA) in conjunction with statistical techniques, as well as the use of Cartography with the Geographic Information System (GIS) to map and analyze the process of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Maranhão. Thus, the use of these tools is essential to follow the dissemination of Covid-19, to understand the flow and displacement of people, the distribution and access to health services, as well as aspects related to inequality in access to this type of service. Their use assists in the decision-making process by public management, allowing the allocation of resources to minimize the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic in the territory of Maranhão. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to investigate how the process of diffusion of managerial concepts and practices occurs in Management Junior Enterprises (JEs) in the states of Paraíba (PB), Pernambuco (PE) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Methodology: Using Organizational Institutionalism, qualitative research was conducted, guided by semi-structured interviews and documents, applying thematic content analysis. Main results: Our regional analysis revealed that: (i) there is diffusion of concepts and practices among the organizations studied; (ii) the actors responsible for this process are the JEs and Federations working in the field of the junior movement; (iii) benchmarking through communication and interaction at events is the main mechanism for diffusion; and, (iv) mimetic isomorphism and coercive pressures were identified as the main institutional influences operating in this organizational field. Academic contributions: The diffusion of managerial concepts and practices studied is strongly influenced by the networked nature of the actors in the field and by the interactional and referential conditions of the JEs, and between them and the Federations of the junior movement, allowing their practitioners to evaluate the effective legitimacy and usefulness of the ideas adopted for their realities. Practical contributions: Undergraduate/postgraduate courses, professors involved in collaborating/supervising students involved in EJs, as well as the very contents that are introduced in Business Schools and professional courses are crucial factors in the commoditization of 'management ideas' from what it is taught and discussed in these contexts, impacting the (re)circulation of ideas among EJM participants in the development of effective innovations and in the adequacy of the strategy and ideologies of each EJ to its reality, and not just to what is mandatory by the state and national Federations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This article examines regional cooperation from the perspective of literature on networking and diffusion literature aiming to explain how the Pacific Alliance’s trade institutions were formed in the period 2010-2019. Additionally, it analyses why, within this process, the bloc has been losing dynamism. Methodology: The qualitative analysis of four case studies is interlinked with process tracking to emphasize the connections and interactions between the actors identified in the decision-making process. Conclusions: The analysis reveals that the identification of shared principles between transnational and trans-government networks and political actors has facilitated the decision-making process whenever there have been pre-negotiation agreements that articulate their interests and harmonize their differences. This process shows that the institutional design adopted by the Pacific Alliance is the result of disseminating multiple regional references, in which the networks facilitated the transfer of knowledge to a regional organization. Originality: The article shows that it is possible to overcome the state-centric vision of regional cooperation and explains that regionalism does not emerge in isolation from other regional references.

Objective/Context: This article aims to explore conceptual, theoretical and analytical tools to study the diffusion of cultural diplomacy practices towards trade and cooperation spheres/fields. The reconfiguration of the global scene has generated a myriad of spheres, actors and practices that have transformed, expanded and renewed the diplomatic field; nevertheless, this aspect has been scarcely explored in current diplomatic analyses. Methodology: This article presents a qualitative comparative case study. We conducted semi-structured interviews and analyzed documentary sources to investigate the diffusion process of cultural diplomacy practices to international cooperation agencies and the bi-national chambers of commerce of South Korea and Japan in Colombia (2009-2018). We analyze how and why this diffusion process has occurredand what its implications are. Conclusions: We found that the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the countries deploying cultural diplomacy are the source of the explored diffusion processes. In the analyzed cases, learning and emulation were the diffusion mechanisms identified. As a result of this diffusion process, we argue that there has been aconvergence among different agendas. The institutions studied have become cultural diplomats because they have succeeded in blending their interests with the foreign policy objectives of the states they represent. Originality: At the theoretical level, our research findings extend preliminary approaches to the processes of diffusion within International Studies. At the empirical level, this article make progress in researching cases and actors relevant that to the understanding of the contemporary diplomatic phenomenon.

Abstract This article aims to identify factors associated with the use of social media by Paraguayan citizens in their relationship with the government. We gathered data using a vignette survey, which recorded the responses to four public service problems and collected scores on perceived effectiveness, capability, social influence, trust in government, trust in social media infrastructure, and social media anxiety. Multivariate analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Perceived effectiveness, social influence, and trust in social media infrastructures were found to be significantly correlated with citizens’ use of such media to report public service issues. On the other hand, capability, trust in government, and social media anxiety were not found to be associated with citizens’ social media use. The results urge further theorization to disentangle how perceived effectiveness, social influence, and trust in social media infrastructures affect digital citizen engagement and participation and under what conditions proprietary social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter contribute to a vibrant democracy.

The aim of this paper is to apply the diffusive metric technique defined by the spectral analysis of graph Laplacians to the set of the 41 cities belonging to AMBA, the largest urban concentration in Argentina, based on public transport and neighborhood. It could be expected that the propagation of any epidemic desease would follow the paths determined by those metrics. Our result reflects that the isolation measures decided by the health administration helped at the atenuation of the actual spread of COVID-19 in AMBA.

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Copyright of Revista de Economia da UEG is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Brasil ha sido un lugar importante para implementar prácticas participativas después de su democratización. En 2011, junto con otros siete gobiernos fundadores, Brasil respaldó la Alianza para el de Gobierno Abierto (OGP) y anunció los planes del país para promover una mayor transparencia en las prácticas gubernamentales. El país se convirtió en parte de una iniciativa multilateral que hoy reúne a más de 70 países. Desde su difusión internacional, esta iniciativa fue incorporada por la ciudad de San Pablo, que creó el Comité Intersecretarial de Gobierno Abierto en 2014. Describimos la incorporación de la OGP y de su proceso de difusión y discutimos los desafíos de difusión e institucionalización de una política global a nivel local, entre 2013 y 2016. Las principales conclusiones abordan la importancia de institucionalizar las prácticas políticas además de la difusión de políticas; la importancia del análisis microinstitucional y del trabajo institucional en la teoría organizacional para comprender la importancia de los actores clave en el proceso de implementación; y la influencia de la arquitectura institucional en la implementación de la OGP.

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Copyright of Minas Gerais Medical Journal / Revista Médica de Minas Gerais is the property of Associacao Medica de Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Exact Sciences is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A short experimental activity aimed at upper level undergraduate students or beginner researchers is presented to introduce the concepts of edge effects and hemispherical diffusion at ultramicroelectrodes. Students will perform simple cyclic voltammetry experiments varying the scan rate and using disk electrodes with different radii. They are then asked to interpret the results based on their previous knowledge. Simulations are also performed, which provide a clear visual interpretation of the underlying diffusion process and show the transition between linear and hemispherical diffusion regimes. The simulations are also presented as a tool to extend the study beyond the range of experimentally accessible conditions. The interplay between voltammetry experiments and simulations allows a natural comprehension of these concepts without the need of a previous rigorous theoretical introduction.

The main purpose of a file is to provide access to information for its users, whether they are researchers or ordinary citizens. Thus, the objective of this research, in progress, is to survey the educational and cultural actions carried out by the archives through their respective institutional websites. Data collection was carried out through an interview via institutional and personal email from the period from October to December 2019. Through the National Registry of Custodian Entities for Archival Collections (CODEARQ), which established the corpus formed by 26 Public Archives States and the National Archives. The results achieved presented difficulties on the websites of some entities in the exhibition of their information; therefore, in some cases, it was possible to obtain the answers through the entity's e-mail. It is believed that educational-cultural actions need to be seen as an essential part of the archives that will constitute the different parts or variables of an Information System that encompass the human, informational, political, economic, social, technological, ecological, legal elements and cultural that interact, directly and indirectly, for the functioning of the system in all its dynamics, from production / reception, organization and representation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT Oregano essential oil (OEO) exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The bioactive compounds of OEO are volatile. Thus, encapsulation helps in protecting the activity of the compound when exposed to harmful conditions such as high (or low) temperature, light, and oxygen. Encapsulation also helps to improve the dispersibility of the compound in an aqueous medium, facilitating its application in formulated food products. We studied the release kinetics of OEO microencapsulated by gelatin/gum. Arabic complex coacervation was assessed, focusing on the influence of the physicochemical properties of the aqueous release medium (temperature (4, 25, and 30 ºC), ionic strength (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M), and pH (3.8, 4.2, and 4.8)). Their capacity to act as release triggers was also investigated. High OEO release rates were recorded in the media with high ionic strengths (74% release in 5 h), high pH (78% release in 7 h), and low temperature (71% release in 7 h). In media at a temperature above 30 ºC and pH 3.8, the coacervated structure was disintegrated. A centered face experimental design (CFD) based on 17 samples was constructed, and an empirical model was developed to predict the maximum release conditions. The highest percentage of oil (reaching up to approximately 85%) is released over longer periods of time (7 h on an average) without damaging the integrity of the microcapsule. Peppas’ model showed the best fitting for all release profiles, with R² > 0.86 and relative average residual error < 6%, indicating the domain of Fickian diffusion during OEO release.

This article aims to identify factors asso ciated with the use of social media by Paraguayan citizens in their relationship with the government. We gathered data using a vignette survey, which recorded the responses to four public service problems and collected scores on perceived effectiveness, capability, social influence, trust in government, trust in social media infrastructure, and social media anxiety. Multivariate analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Perceived effectiveness, social influence, and trust in social media infrastructures were found to be significantly correlated with citizens' use of such media to report public service issues. On the other hand, capability, trust in government, and social media anxiety were not found to be associated with citizens' social media use. The results urge further theorization to disentangle how perceived effectiveness, social influence, and trust in social media infrastructures affect digital citizen engagement and participation and under what conditions proprietary social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter contribute to a vibrant democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How are the diffusion process dynamics of ICT in developed and developing countries? The research was based on Bass model (1969) and used the empirical consumption data for the G7 and BRICS. The main results were: i) the model adjusted the diffusion curves with low error rates [.2%-5.1%]; ii) no direct relationship between the speed and development level; iii) developed countries have reached the inflection point in the diffusion process before developing countries; iv) in some countries only approximately half of the population will get access to internet. In developing countries, the process to capture new adopters is slow, and while developed countries are reaching saturation, in most of the developing countries these technologies still have potential for diffusion.

Digital humanities are considered today as an ideal tool to approach Medieval poetry that has been transmitted through different means: orally, in print and through the digital medium. Medieval poetry has consequently occupied a privileged position in academic studies, with new texts to examine such as catalogues, indexes, repositories, databases, etcetera. Also, digitalizetion enables the use of other tools which are hybrid data bases such as the POSDATA project. RESUMEN: Las humanidades digitales, como una forma de aproximación a la poesía medieval, son un tema que llama la atención en la actualidad, sobre todo considerando que la poesía medieval ha pasado por difusión oral, impresa y digital. La poesía medieval en el medio digital ha ocupado un lugar privilegiado en los estudios académicos, de donde surgen nuevos elementos a estudiar, como son: catálogos, índices, repositorios, bases de datos, etc. Además, la digitalización posibilita el uso de otras herramientas que constituyen bases de datos híbridas que, a su vez, conforman constelaciones. Ejemplo de todo ello es el proyecto POSDATA.

Broadcasting refers, in general terms, to the production and transmission of journalistic, educational and entertainment content in mass media. In this scenario, the work in Maintenance and Support (M&S), for the systems that support and compose the entire structure in broadcast, is one of the most complex, which raised the objective of analyzing the activity of these maintenance workers, responsible for the production support and broadcast transmission in Brazil. Based on an ergological and Bakhtinian perspective, the methodological format of semi-structured interviews allowed the recording and analysis of the speeches of the workers themselves, using a virtual room. The survey results showed a work activity riddled with labor disputes between teams and permanent pressure for full availability and immediate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nodal Expansion Method (NEM) is widely employed in the neutronic design of nuclear reactors core. The main reason is its higher computational performance and efficiency when compared with the conventional fine mesh difference method or finite element method. The NEM diffusion calculation uses coarse spatial meshes and the size can lie in assembly scale. This is the key for the computational efficiency and high accuracy calculations. The NEM consists mainly of basis polynomial function expansion for each nodal direction. The Nodal Expansion Method (NEM), as proposed by Finnemann in 1977, has been used to solve the multigroup neutron diffusion equations in three-dimensional (3D) rectangular geometry. The weighted residual technique has been applied to determine the higher order coupling coefficients. Resulting from the combination of nodal and finite element methods, NEM provides rigorously accurate equations obtained by integrating the neutron balance equation. The two group coarse mesh 3D IAEA benchmark has been simulated by NEM3D-1A using different nodes sizes. The VENTURE

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Abstract The scenario of International Development Cooperation has been transformed in the new century by the increase of South-South Cooperation (SSC). In response, the North has deployed its influence through International Organizations (IO) to moderate and model the agendas and institutions of the South. Uruguay is a good example of how IOs’ interests and methodologies have influenced cooperation strategies and institutionalization processes in developing countries through diffusion mechanisms.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to present the concept of Knowledge Translation and Exchange as it has been used in the international literature and in Canada, particularly. Next, to describe a renowned conceptual model to guide its implementation, entitled Knowledge-to-Action Cycle. Results: we described the use of the model in the context of the municipal primary health care system in southern Brazil for the implementation of pain management strategies during vaccination. Conclusions: in this theoretical reflection, we argue that in order to promote health equity and quality of care in the Unified Health System (Brazilian SUS) it is important to translate scientific knowledge to various practice settings and create opportunities for exchange with users of this knowledge, such as health professionals, managers, policy makers, patients, family members and other stakeholders.

The objective of the research was to analyse the mobility and evolution of COVID-19 in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. For this, data were collected from confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde (FVS / AM), treated by the geostatistical technique of the Weighted Distance Inverse (IDW) in the geoprocessing software QGIS 3.4. These data were analysed statistically with the flows of riverboats in the State. The trips done to access health services at different levels of complexity in the State were also mapped from the IBGE Regic survey (REGIC, 2018). The results showed the association of the diffusion and evolution of the cases of COVID-19 with river transport by mobility on line riverboats, being "entry points" for the virus and with the movement of the disease toward the western part the state. Therefore, the spread by contagion in Amazonas followed the paths of the waters, by the intercity mobility of people and goods in river transport and the rapid evolution of the increase in the number of cases in the municipalities.The overall aim of this paper was to analyze the mobility and evolution of COVID-19 in Brazilian state of the Amazonas. Diffusion axes of disease were mapped and statistically analyzed in association of rowboats flows in the state. The results described an association of diffusion and evolution of the COVID-19 cases with the fluvial transport of viruses by mobility of the rowboats flows, which contributed to the internalization of disease in the state.

Previous studies have highlighted the importance of having long term data for the study of cities, but such sources are relatively scarce. This is especially the case for data about relations between cities, which is a crucial aspect of urban dynamics. Over the last two decades, many efforts have been made to digitalize texts, including books and newspapers, which are primary sources on most of our societies. Researchers have shown that these massive digital archives can be used to identify macroscopic trends related to historical and cultural changes. The wealth of geographic information in such digital archives has not been used much, while they are very valuable for the study of cities. In this paper, we present DIGGER, a newly developed dataset that we built on Delpher, the digital archive of historical newspapers of the National Library of the Netherlands, by extracting geographical information from a selection of 102 million of news items. This dataset allowed us to study the spatial diffusion of information on and between the Dutch cities from a corpus of 81 newspapers published in 29 different cities between 1869 and 1994. This paper presents the method developed to build the dataset as well as the validation steps for the accuracy of the place name recognition. This dataset can be used to study the evolution of the Dutch urban system as well as aspects related to the spatial diffusion of information and geographical bias in media coverage.

The text proposal aims to apprehend some experiences of the SARS-CoV-2 virus propagation in Ceará state from its urban network. The starting point is the notion that circulation and velocity are important vectors for the Covid-19 dissemination in the territory, where the flows of people and objects with different frequencies maintain relations among cities with many sizes and functions. Information related to the virus diffusion in the urban system is interpreted using data collected by the Ministry of Health (IntegraSUS) and the Health Department of Ceara State. By reading the spatial discontinuities and indicating an observation plan that skips scales and articulates points aligned according to their spatial interactions, the urban network approach contributes greatly to the vision that captures density, connectivity and circulation, which are the factors presented as responsible for the spread of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On November 22, 2019, political propagation through Twitter takes a turning point, establishing a ban on all types of political promotional content. Despite that, currently, Twitter does still assume a central role in the construction of public opinion, in which the dissemination of the principles and ideals of the parties persists, as well as for the diffusion of their electoral promises and commitments. This article investigates the use of Twitter by two of the emerging Portuguese political parties: The Party Iniciativa Liberal and the Party Livre - the two new parties with the most followers on the social platform. It is intended to understand how the use of this network has boosted, in these elections, the conquest of the parliamentary seat. In this way, the Twitter profiles of the parties were analysed in two different periods: in the first two weeks after the creation of the accounts and in the two weeks of the election campaign period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article approaches, in a complementary perspective, in a sense, contrary to the traditional methods of analysis of Brazilian literature, the diffusion and mobilization of the modernist Brazilian literary production to the other cultural places, which the result is the redesigning of flows of the circulation and cultural models. At first, the means of diffusion of the Brazilian literature in Portugal and Europe, in general, are approached; next, the repercussion that it has, above all, in the Portuguese academic environment; and, finally, the adherence to the Brazilian literary model by Cape Verdean literati in the middle of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Chinese presence in Mozambique started at the beginning of the 19th century, when a first group of 30 craftsmen coming from Canton were contracted under the request of the then Portuguese General-Governor. This community grew constantly during the colonial era, originating an associative, cultural and sports movement which had, as its apogee, basketball in Beira, with Atlético Chines and a first diffusion of Wushu. After the independence, just one hundred of Chinese people remained in Mozambique; for, cultural and sports activities suffered a serious crisis, and they were resumed only in the new century, when (2005) Mozambican State returned the installations where traditionally the Cultural China-Mozambique Centre and the Chinese School of Maputo worked, and Master Cheng Fu Wang started to teach Wushu. Based on direct observation for one year, together with interviews and informal conversations with Wushu practitioners, an analysis on the development and the perspectives of this sport in Mozambique is presented. The conclusion is that today Wushu in Mozambique has transcended the voluntary phase which it experienced until 2014, but still far from the transformation of the current association into a federation, due to its concentration in Maputo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current analysis compares regions inserted within the economic context through the diffusion of agribusiness: the savannas of the Brazilian mid-northern region, specialized in grain production, and irrigated areas of the northeastern caatinga, predominantly with fruit trees. They are considered Agribusiness Productive Regions (APR) since there have regional hubs with enterprises and holdings for their consolidation of agricultural chains in their influence zones, limited by Immediate Geographic Region elaborated by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Grouping analysis identified the intensity of their similarities and differences. Results show that the Barreiras (BA) region demonstrated a higher level since it has a great number of enterprises involved in intensive grain planting. On the other hand, physical, climatic and infrastructure restrictions impair the arrival of other agribusiness agents. Results show that technology is a dominant factor since innovations affect productivity, diversification, harvest time and logistics. Companies are situated within such a context when they make available such services. Grouping of such elements makes APRs different from one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior description of diffuse system, linear and nonlinear, can be treated through Fokker-Planck equation. This equation has shown great interesting of researchers for its good adaptation to different systems, classical and quantum. In this work we use the Fokker-Planck to find the total probabilities of diffuse bistable potential under action of a external electric field. The system solutions show that there is two wave functions, one symmetrical and another anti-symmetrical and when the electric field is applied all energy levels are degenerate. It is observed that the application of external electric field entails in a decrease of temperature of the system and, consequently, shorter time to reach equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to analyze the spatial diffusion of COVID-19 and characterize it in relation to the territorial structures of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is an ecological study, carried out with all registered cases of COVID-19 (infected and deaths), from March 10 to May 2, 2020. The data were collected from official secondary sources and modeled by municipality of residence of the case. The diffusion of the cases and their densification made it possible to recognize two major axes of diffusion of COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul: in the urban network that goes from Porto Alegre to the Serra Gaúcha, which is the network with the highest density and highest flow, and in the network that goes towards the Campanha, which is an urban network with less densification and flow, older and also more fragmented. For this reason, the number of cases in the urban network of the Serra Gaúcha is greater, extending, therefore, to Passo Fundo and Erechim. More than 90% of the cases are concentrated in municipalities with low social deprivation and better health conditions, exactly on the Porto Alegre-Serra-North axis of the state. However, there are signs of COVID-19 interiorization in municipalities with high social deprivation, especially those located in the Pampa region and on the southern and western borders. Thus, it is recommended that enormous attention be paid to the diffusion of the virus, either because the geographic extent of the event makes it more difficult to control, or because socially more private municipalities have worse health conditions and greater difficulty in accessing health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the spatial diffusion of COVID-19 in Espírito Santo's territory is a necessary task to think about the health structures and service networks that will be mobilized to face the disease, analysisng the movement of the disease with peoples and goods flow in the state. Based on the data available in the COVID-19 Panel of the State of Espírito Santo, we developed an analysis on two scales, one regional and one of urban space, to understand the spatial diffusion and distribution of this disease. Spatial diffusion maps were prepared and superimposed on the spatial information of the disease. We verified that the diffusion starts in the Metropolitan Region of Grande Vitória - RMGV and diffuses in the urban network, mobilizing the regional capitals more distant, and also contiguous municipalities. The ongoing interiorization process is observed, but there is still a large concentration of cases in the RMGV. In the urban space scale, we see the periphery process with an increase in lethality in the most peripheral areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this survey was to comprehend the diffusion of Covid-19 in the Amazonas, in the months of March and April 2020. For this purpose, data were collected from confirmed cases and deaths from FVS/AM, data population and characteristics of municipalities (IBGE, 2010, 2019) and data on health equipment from CNES/DATASUS. Maps of spatial structures and spread of diseases were made using the QGIS 3.8 software. The results demonstrated coexisting aspects of hierarchical diffusion at the beginning of the pandemic in the state and through contagion over time, in addition, as inequalities in access to equipment in health services. We conclude that the pandemic as measures of social isolation, as public protection policies for the most vulnerable populations, human and physical resources in low and medium complexity services in the interior and upper capital, as well as transport logistics for access to health are actions that must be reformed in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To characterize the spatial diffusion of Covid-19 in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Method: Here, we analyzed the spatial diffusion of the first confirmed cases of Covid-19 for each municipality in the state by interpolation through IDW. Results: We identified three main diffusion axes in the State of Rio de Janeiro, all originating from the metropolitan region. The first axis goes toward São Paulo by the main highways (via Dutra), promoting the diffusion through the Paraíba Valley. The second axis goes toward Espírito Santo through BR-101. The third axis goes toward the region of Juiz de Fora city in Minas Gerais state by BR-040. Conclusion: The characterization of Covid-19 diffusion in the state of Rio de Janeiro demonstrated its spreading by two patterns: by a hierarchical process (following the urban hierarchy) and by contagion once installed in a new diffusion urban center. The inland diffusion imposes the urgent need to take articulated and solidary actions considering that health policies for containment of Covid-19 are mainly based on non-pharmacological measures, and the medical-hospital capacity of the medium and small size municipalities along the diffusion process is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to understand the limits and possibilities of the diffusion of community-based tourism initiatives in the quilombola territory of São José da Serra, in the south of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Based on an ethnomethodological research, in which it was possible to know the rites, ceremonies, typical products, ways of life and beliefs of the people of São José da Serra, we found that exogenous and endogenous factors are obstacles to the diffusion of community tourism in the territory, while the cultural richness and scenic beauty of the place are possibilities for the development of community tourism in São José da Serra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Confluências Culturais is the property of Fundacao Educacional da Regiao de Joinville - FURJ and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This paper proposes a theoretical framework for the study of the diffusion of ICT in management and assistance services in healthcare and empirically verifies its applicability in studying adoption of technology in this area. There was a review of literature in the period 2004-2014. Based on this framework, the researchers verified empirically the applicability of organizational drivers proposed in the prior conditions, through a case study conducted by interviews with 13 managers of a Brazilian public hospital that is adopting a nursing prescription module. Through the content analysis, eight organizational drivers of the technology adoption were confirmed. For future research, it is relevant to verify the applicability of the organizational and individual drivers in the other phases of the framework organized according to Rogers (1983), as well as in the prior conditions, either by new case studies or by developing quantitative research instruments about the management process of technology adoption in organizations.

The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of drying air temperature on the essential oil content of lemongrass leaves, as well as the adjustment of different mathematical models to the experimental values of water content ratio. The treatments used prior to oil extraction were: four drying temperatures (35, 45, 55 and 65 °C) and one control (fresh plant). For the extraction of the essential oil the hydrodistillation method was employed, using the apparatus called Clevenger. It was concluded that the drying time of lemongrass leaves decreases as the air temperature increases. The temperature of 55 °C for the lemongrass drying air provides higher oil yield compared to the other drying treatments (35 45 and 65 °C). The Midilli model best represents the drying kinetics of lemongrass leaves. The diffusion coefficient will increase as the drying air temperature rises from 1.2746 x 10-11 to 5.9217 x 1011 m² s-1. The activation energy for liquid diffusion during drying of lemongrass leaves is 63.75 kJ mol-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigative proposal starts with the geographical and historical approach of a Catholic religious tradition that integrates the Holy Week, which takes place in Pirenópolis/GO (Brazil). The analysis's perspective seeks to contemplate the procession's space of displacement from the past to the present, aiming at the interpretation of the spatiality created by the ephemerality of the Procession of the Lord Jesus of the Steps and also the perpetuation of the festivity in the city throughout the centuries. The participatory field research with observations, photographic and sonorous records, informal conversations with the faithful/devotees/participants/assistants, and consultations with several references, are subsidies to interpret the various possibilities of diffusion of the faith through space, observed from a procession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]