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Objectives: To describe the presence of prostatic tissue in 46,XX patients with the classical form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH); to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) measured in congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients with regard to the detection of prostatic tissue in pelvic MRI., Methods: We studied 52 children and adolescents, 32 with the classical form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 10 boys and 10 girls without CAH. Pelvic MRI was performed in all patients to detect prostatic tissue. Prostate specific antigen, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured in all patients. We used Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve for PSA discrimination capacity., Results: Five girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia showed image of prostatic tissue on pelvic MRI. Prostate specific antigen showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 88.9%, respectively, taking 0.1 ng/mL as the cutoff level., Conclusions: The incidence of prostatic tissue in 46,XX patients with the classical form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was 15.6%. PSA demonstrated to be a good marker of prostatic tissue in these patients and should be used to screen patients to be submitted to image studies.

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a major co-morbidity generally affecting patients over 15 years old and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology includes exocrine tissue destruction, insulin deficiency and insulin resistance; the carbohydrate metabolism dysfunction begins with an altered kinetic in insulin secretion followed by a progressive insulin deficiency. Postprandial hyperglycemia is the first abnormality seen in CF patients and the classical symptoms of diabetes may not be recognized. The screening strategy proposed is annual random plasma glucose or fasting plasma glucose investigation, as well as the performance the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Two categories of diabetes are related to CF: CFRD without fasting hyperglycemia (fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL and 2h OGTT glucose > 200 mg/dL) and CFRD with fasting hyperglycemia (fasting glucose > 126 mg/dL). Nutritional management and hyperglycemia control are the CFRD treatment goals. Insulin control is the standard medical therapy for CFRD with fasting hyperglycemia and the benefits of oral insulin secretagogue and sensitizing agents are still controversial.

The study analyzed the occurrence of hypoglycemia and metabolic control of two monitoring schemes in type-1 diabetic patients during 12 months they participated in education groups. Clinical crossed trials were conducted with 21 patients divided into two groups included the monitoring scheme proposed. Glycemic individuals' profiles directed monthly adjustments of insulin doses. The analyses were performed using Fisher, t-Student and Friedman's tests. There were no significant differences in hypoglycemia between the groups in any given month or scheme (p > 0.05). The comparisons within groups between insulin mean dose and HbA1c, and hypoglycemic episodes also did not show significant difference (p > 0.05). Metabolic control improved during the study in both groups, independently from the monitoring scheme (p < 0.05).