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This research is the logical continuation of several previous studies concerning the relations mutually connecting the configuration of the urban grid, the movement of activities in the urban settlement, and the location of these activities. Those studies were aimed at verifying the reliability of the hypothesis on which configurational analysisis based (Hillier, Hanson, 1984, Hillier, 1996a): the role of the urban grid (appraised in configurational terms, that is to say, with regard only to the spatial relations mutually connecting all its paths) as the primary element both in the production of movement and in the location of activities. Such an assumption, if proved, should allow the prediction of the distribution of pedestrian flows and the location of urban activities on the mere basis of the configuration of the grid, making it possible to set aside the issue of the presence and position of the located activities. In the research that has been conducted so far (Cutini, 1999a; Cutini, 1999b), we have actually proved the existence of a significant correlation between configuration and pedestrian movement, while at the same specifying its limits: the correlation, very clear within limited sub-systems of the overall grid, becomes dramatically weaker if extended over the whole grid. In this study, we have taken land use into consideration, extending the analysis to the correlation between the presence of the located activities and the distribution of configurational indexes.The research has focused on the two case studies that had been previously selected and analysed; the test on a third urban case, which was chosen as a particularly significant example, provides further confirmation of the results to date. These results make it possible to prove that the methods of configurational analysis (Hillier, 1996a) provide a reliable predictive tool for determining the capacity of each part of the urban settlement to create activities and enable them to flourish; at the same time, we have also been able to pinpoint the range of reliability of these methods. In other words, the results obtained provide a new definition of the notion of urban centrality, appraised in terms of attractiveness, setting aside the actual presence and position of the located activities. Furthermore, on the basis of these results, the location of monopolistic activities emerges as a strategic variable in town planning and management.

Il presente contributo mira a definire i limiti entro cui è possibile applicare i metodi di analisi configurazionale come tecniche di previsione del traffico pedonale in area urbana. Inoltre, l’analisi applicata a due casi urbani conduce ad alcune significative conclusioni in merito alle relazioni che legano la configurazione della griglia urbana, il traffico pedonale e l’uso del suolo.(Movimento pedonale, spazio urbano, configurazione della griglia, uso del suolo)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a presença e o crescimento microbiológico no sítio operatório em pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de escoliose idiopática do adolescente na primeira, segunda e terceira hora de cirurgia. Casuística e MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, de caráter descritivo e comparativo, sendo avaliados 34 pacientes portadores de escoliose idiopática do adolescente com indicação cirúrgica, analisando a contaminação no sítio cirúrgico através da bacterioscopia e cultura óssea na primeira, segunda e terceira hora de cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Houve bacterioscopia positiva crescente entre a primeira e a segunda hora de cirurgia. A cultura confirma a colonização da ferida operatória, crescente entre as horas analisadas. CONCLUSÕES: O tempo cirúrgico prolongado está diretamente relacionado ao maior crescimento microbiológico no sítio cirúrgico de pacientes submetidos à correção de escoliose vertebral.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la presencia y el crecimiento microbiológico, en el área operatoria, en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente en la primera, segunda y tercera hora de la intervención quirúrgica. Casuística y MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo, de carácter descriptivo y comparativo, habiendo sido evaluados 34 pacientes portadores de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente con indicación quirúrgica, siendo analizada la contaminación en el área de la operación quirúrgica mediante la bacterioscopia y el cultivo óseo en la primera, segunda y tercera hora de la intervención quirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Hubo bacterioscopia positiva creciente entre la primera y la segunda hora de la operación quirúrgica. El cultivo confirmó la colonización de la herida operatoria, siendo creciente entre las horas analizadas. CONCLUSIONES: El tiempo prolongado de la operación quirúrgica está relacionado directamente con el aumento del crecimiento microbiológico en el área quirúrgica de pacientes sometidos a corrección de la escoliosis vertebral.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence and microbiological growth in the operative site in patients undergoing surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in the spine of first, second and third hours of surgery. METHODS: Prospective, descriptive and comparative study that evaluated 34 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with surgical indication, analyzing contamination at the surgical site through Gram staining and bone culture in the first, second and third hour of surgery. RESULTS: There were positive bacteroscopical growing between the first and the second hour of surgery. The culture confirms the colonization of the wound, increasing between the hours analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The prolonged surgical time is directly related to higher microbial growth in the surgical site in patients undergoing spinal scoliosis correction.