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Introducción: Existe escasa información sobre el grado de información percibida por los tutores legales en el Consentimiento informado (CI) en el ámbito pediátrico. Objetivos: Evaluar el grado de información percibida por los tutores legales en el CI de pruebas de provocación en Alergia Pediátrica. Métodos y Materiales: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal de valoración de información mediante cuestionario, en el período de abril-mayo de 2021. El cuestionario fue desarrollado por el autor y su equipo, tomando como base un cuestionario disponible en la literatura. Se realizó estudio estadístico descriptivo y analítico mediante el software SPSS 15.0. Resultados: Se reclutaron 99 tutores con una edad media de 41 años, con formación universitaria 52%, profesional 27%, secundaria 17% y primaria 4%. Más del 70% de la muestra calificó positivamente el grado de información proporcionada en relación al procedimiento, su objetivo, su riesgo-beneficio y el tiempo de dedicación y de decisión. Un 50% de los tutores calificó negativamente la información proporcionada en cuanto al tratamiento alternativo, posibilidad de negar y revocar el CI. La consistencia interna del cuestionario fue muy buena, con un valor de la alfa de Cronbach de 0.88. No se encontró correlación entre el grado de percepción y diversas variables demográficas o clínicas. Conclusiones: El grado de información percibida por los tutores es en general muy bueno. Las informaciones en relación a los procedimientos alternativos, la posibilidad de rechazo y revocación del CI fueron los puntos mejorables.

ABSTRACT Objective To present the frequency and species diversity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, estimate the prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, describe the epidemiological profile, and determine the follow-up of patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease living in a region with a high burden of tuberculosis. Methods This a retrospective cohort observational study using data records obtained from the Instituto Adolfo Lutz - Santos and from the São Paulo Sistema de Vigilância de Tuberculose do Estado de São Paulo in the period between 2000 and 2009. The studied variables were: socio-demographic characteristics, current and past history of tuberculosis, aspects related to diagnosis, and treatment and associated diseases. Results We included 319 non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolates in the study, corresponding to 257 patients. The species Mycobacterium kansasii (28.5%) and Mycobacterium fortuitum (16.6%) presented the higher occurrence. In 10.9% (24) of the patients, there was a criterion for confirming a case of pulmonary disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria. In relation to gender and age, male and individuals over 50 years old were the most frequent. Considering the confirmed cases, 47.8% had a past history of tuberculosis. Conclusion The lack of information about the cases is evident, since pulmonary disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria is not mandatory. The therapeutic regimen according to the identified species is fundamental for success in combating the infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Besides that, information about the regional epidemiology of pulmonary disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the search for associations with other comorbidities are important to establish the correct treatment. In order to improve surveillance of pulmonary diseases by non-tuberculous mycobacteria, we suggest the implantation of a sentinel surveillance and of population-based studies.

Abstract: Background: Facial threading involves the removal of hairs to restore facial skin smoothness. However, its effectiveness has not been rigorously evaluated. Objective: To evaluate effects of facial threading on skin roughness, hydration, melanin index, and vellus hair on the face, complemented by a subjective evaluation of the tactile feel of the skin and improvement in skin color. Method: Participants who had not used exfoliators for two weeks before the experiment were included. Each participant underwent one session of facial threading every 21 days, for a total of 3 sessions. A three-dimensional skin roughness instrument and a multifunctional skin testing system were used to evaluate changes in roughness, hydration, and pigmentation on the forehead, cheeks, and corners of the mouth. A photomicrographic camera was used to record changes in vellus hair. Subjective reports of skin smoothness and color were recorded. Result: Eighteen participants completed the study. Facial threading produced a significant decrease in skin roughness on the forehead (22.42%, p = .013), right cheek (77%, p = .02), and left corner of the mouth (33.02%, p = .001). Subjective improvement in tactile feel of the skin and coloring were reported. Study Limitations: The study did not include randomization, with further limitations of a small sample size and a single site. Conclusion: Facial threading reduced skin roughness by 26.74% after three threading sessions, with improved subjective assessment of tactile feel and coloring. Future research should include a comparison with other cosmetic products with similar beautifying effects or a control group.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da aplicação de subdosagens de etanol na remoção da adstringência de caqui 'Giombo'. Além disso, foi avaliada a influência da temperatura e do tempo de exposição ao etanol no processo de destanização dos frutos. Assim, foram testadas diferentes doses de etanol (1,75; 3,5 e 7mL kg-1 ou 0,3 e 0,6mL L-1 de câmara-1), tempos de exposição (6, 12, 24 e 36h) e temperaturas de aplicação dos tratamentos e de armazenamento após a aplicação (5, 20 e 24°C). A exposição dos frutos à concentração de 1,75mL de etanol, durante 12 horas, foi suficiente para destanizar completamente os frutos. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, os frutos levaram quatro dias para estarem aptos ao consumo. A refrigeração de caquis 'Giombo', após o tratamento com etanol, não influenciou o posterior processo de polimerização dos taninos solúveis.The objective of this research was to evaluate ethanol sub-doses efficacy on the astringency removal of 'Giombo'. Additionally, it was evaluated the influence of temperature and ethanol exposure time on fruit deastringency. Thus, experiments were carried out with different exposition times (6, 12, 24 and 36h) and ethyl alcohol concentrations (1.75; 3.5 e 7mL kg-1 or 0.3 and 0.6mL L-1 of chamber). Fruit exposition to ethanol concentration of 1.75mL during 12 h was sufficient to remove completely the persimmon fruit astringency. After the treatment application, the fruits needed 4 days to become suitable to consumption. The process of tannin polymerization is not influenced by cold storage.

OBJETIVO: O aparecimento da co-infecção tuberculose/HIV e o aumento de casos de doenças provocadas por micobactérias não-tuberculosas (MNT) exigem repostas laboratoriais rápidas tanto no isolamento como na identificação das micobactérias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a identificação das micobactérias através de sonda genética em comparação com os métodos bioquímicos clássicos. MÉTODOS: Entre 2002 e 2004, foram analisadas 178 culturas de micobactérias, confirmadas como bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes e obtidas de isolados clínicos de pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios ou com suspeita clínica de tuberculose pulmonar e/ou micobacterioses, atendidos nas Unidades de Saúde da Baixada Santista. RESULTADOS: A sonda genética identificou 137 amostras (77%) como complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis e 41 (23%) como MNT. A discordância observada de 3% entre os métodos ocorreu apenas no ano de implantação (2002). Ao comparar os métodos, a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo da sonda genética foram 98%, 93%, 98% e 93%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar do custo elevado, a identificação de micobactérias pela técnica molecular é mais rápida: máximo de 3 h vs. 28-30 dias para os métodos clássicos. A utilização de sondas genéticas é uma técnica molecular validada, simples e disponível no mercado, com elevada especificidade, sensibilidade e rapidez, o que justifica sua implantação e uso rotineiro em laboratórios de referência, facilitando o diagnóstico e permitindo uma intervenção clínica ágil.OBJECTIVE: The emergence of tuberculosis/HIV co-infection and the increase in the number of cases of infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) require rapid laboratory test results in the isolation and identification of mycobacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the identification of mycobacteria by means of gene probes in comparison with that obtained using classical biochemical methods. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2004, 178 mycobacterial cultures, all testing positive for acid-fast bacilli, were analyzed. Samples were obtained from clinical specimens of patients with respiratory symptoms or with clinical suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis/mycobacteriosis who were treated in the greater metropolitan area of Santos. RESULTS: The gene probe identified 137 samples (77%) as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 41 (23%) as NTM. Discordant results between the methods (3%) were obtained only in the year of implementation (2002). When comparing the methods, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the gene probe method were 98%, 93%, 98% and 93%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the cost, the identification of mycobacteria using the molecular technique is faster: maximum 3 h vs. 28-30 days for classical methods. The use of gene probes is a validated molecular technique. It is fast, easy to use and readily available on the market. It has high specificity and sensitivity, which justifies its implementation and routine use in referral laboratories, since it facilitates the diagnosis providing agile clinical interventions.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a freqüência das espécies de micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT) identificadas laboratorialmente a partir do isolamento de sítios não estéreis (escarro) de indivíduos infectados ou não pelo vírus HIV na Baixada Santista (SP), período de 2000 a 2005. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva dos resultados de baciloscopia e cultura, disponíveis nos registros do laboratório regional de tuberculose, Instituto Adolfo Lutz-Santos. RESULTADOS: Analisou-se 194 cepas de MNT correspondentes a 125 indivíduos, sendo 73 (58,4%) HIV negativos e 52 (41,6%) HIV positivos. Foram identificadas 13 diferentes espécies: Mycobacterium kansasii; complexo M. avium; M. fortuitum; M. peregrinum; M. gordonae; M. terrae; M. nonchromogenicum; M. intracellulare; M. flavescens; M. bohemicum; M. chelonae; M. shimoidei; e M. lentiflavum. Em 19,2% dos casos obteve-se diagnóstico bacteriológico confirmado pelo isolamento da mesma espécie em no mínimo duas amostras consecutivas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram a importância da realização sistemática da identificação de MNT na rotina laboratorial e sua integração com a clínica, podendo contribuir na caracterização da doença e ações de efetivo controle, como nas populações co-infectadas tuberculose e HIV.OBJECTIVE: The present study aims at describing the frequency of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species identified through laboratory testing of samples collected from non-sterile sites (sputum), as well as its frequency in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected individuals in the Baixada Santista region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the period from 2000 to 2005. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of sputum smear microscopy results and culture was conducted based on the records on file at the Instituto Adolfo Lutz-Santos, the regional tuberculosis laboratory. RESULTS: We analyzed 194 NTM strains isolated from 125 individuals, of whom 73 (58.4%) were HIV-negative and 52 (41.6%) were HIV-positive. Thirteen different species were identified: Mycobacterium kansasii; M. avium complex; M. fortuitum; M. peregrinum; M. gordonae; M. terrae; M. nonchromogenicum; M. intracellulare; M. flavescens; M. bohemicum; M. chelonae; M. shimoidei; and M. lentiflavum. In 19.2% of the cases, the bacteriological diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of the same species in at least two consecutive samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the importance of including systematic identification of NTM in the laboratory routine, and that its integration into the clinical routine could improve the characterization of the disease, thereby informing the planning of effective control measures in specific populations, such as individuals presenting tuberculosis/HIV co-infection.

The objective of this research was to evaluate ethanol sub-doses efficacy on the astringency removal of 'Giombo'. Additionally, it was evaluated the influence of temperature and ethanol exposure time on fruit deastringency. Thus, experiments were carried out with different exposition times (6, 12, 24 and 36h) and ethyl alcohol concentrations (1.75; 3.5 e 7mL kg-1 or 0.3 and 0.6mL L-1 of chamber). Fruit exposition to ethanol concentration of 1.75mL during 12 h was sufficient to remove completely the persimmon fruit astringency. After the treatment application, the fruits needed 4 days to become suitable to consumption. The process of tannin polymerization is not influenced by cold storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]