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Information design is relevant to game design: especially the design of educational games which must include best practices of game development and the delivery of information to the player. Games and players interact in important ways: the game communicates with the player on how to start and play the game, the player decides what to do in the game, and the player must communicate effectively with the game through different actions. Without attention to accessibility, the game may cause some players informational and interactional barriers. This study discusses accessibility in educational games, including communication channels, users' cognitive processes, and informational inputs. A framework offers a way for developers to think through design which reflects different needs related to accessibility. With this framework, designers can create games that address four key areas of need (vision, hearing, motor control, and cognitive); recognize how game interactions are impacted by those needs; and acknowledge that all players fall somewhere on a spectrum of need within each of those areas.

La Guardia Civil forma parte esencial de la vio­lencia política de la Segunda República, y quienes más han escrito sobre este tema han sido miem­bros de la propia institución dispuestos a defender su honor. En este artículo analizaré cómo estos historiadores han retratado en libros y revistas de historia desde 1968 hasta la actualidad, una serie de incidentes violentos específicos que se produje­ron durante el periodo republicano. De este modo, demostraré que incluso cuando España modificó su concepción del modelo policial durante la Transición, avanzando desde la idea de orden público a la de seguridad ciudadana, estos historiadores te­nían tan interiorizada la visión franquista de una Guardia Civil que había ganado su honor gracias a su lucha desapasionada contra el desorden de la Segunda República, que sólo la nueva generación formada durante la Transición fue capaz de elabo­rar una nueva narrativa que presentaba al cuerpo como servidor del interés público. Aun así, el deseo inquebrantable de defender el honor de la institu­ción ha hecho que esta nueva generación también represente el cuerpo como un ente apolítico.

The overarching goal of this paper is to provide an answer to the following question from the perspective of economists working within the Mengerian or Austrian tradition: What are the essential pre-requisites and pre-conditions for a process of economic growth and development to take place? In course of our discussion, we focus on three important pre-requisites. First, we look at the implications of the presence of time preference, especially for the importance that savings have for adopting longer and more productive production processes and boosting productivity. Second, we analyze the problem of economic calculation and isolate the important institutional pre-conditions that are necessary for the allocation of higher order goods: private property in higher order goods and the use of money. These institutional pre-conditions, as we discuss, are thus also essential for the process of economic growth. And finally, we discuss the importance of a sound monetary order for generating sustainable economic growth.

Tradução realizada em 1995 por Gilberto Amaral, IG-Unicamp, do original em Inglês: Chamberlin T.C. 1897. The method of multiple working hypotheses. J. Geology 5:837-848.