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Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem e Atenção à Saúde (REAS) is the property of Revista de Enfermagem e Atencao a Saude - Reas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objectives: Recently, complementary resources and equipment have emerged to improve prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Our aim is to verify availability and use of different resources/equipment by infection controllers. Methods: We conducted a survey with infection controllers from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by invitation using a social media group, in August 2022. Nine different resources and equipment were evaluated. Categorical and continuous variables were evaluated by the chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and eight persons answered the questionnaire. The mean age was 42.8 years (SD +/- 8.5 years) and 53 (49.1%) reported most of their workload in public hospitals, 45 (41.7%) in private hospitals and 10 (9.2%) reported the same workload in public and private hospitals. Sixty-there percent reported teaching activities in their institutions. There was no correlation between the existence of teaching activities and hospital profile (p=0.42). The most common resource available was molecular biology (PCR) for microbiological samples research for 73 (67.6%) participants. The second resource most available was applications (Apps) for HAIs prevention and control for 33 (30.6%), 19 (17.6%) reported no availability of resource/equipment technology. Conclusion: Molecular biology (PCR) for microbiological samples research was the most common resource available for infection controllers of an important state of Brazil.

Abstract Objective: This study aims to describe bacterial and antimicrobial sensibilities in late-onset healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) with laboratory confirmation in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a public hospital in Ceará. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2013 to December 2017. The bacterial types involved in late-onset HAIs, their sensitivity to antimicrobials, and their multidrug resistance were evaluated. The latter was classified according to the criteria revised by the Pan-American Health Organization as multidrug resistance (MDR), extended drug resistance (XDR), or pandrug resistance (PDR). The description of the variables was performed through proportions and frequency distribution depicted in tables. Results: Of the 427 patients with late-onset HAIs, 47 (11.0%) had bacterial infections confirmed by blood cultures, and 7 (14.9%) had infections caused by MDR bacteria. Among the types of bacteria, 26 (55.3%) were Gram-negative bacteria, and 21 (44.7%) were Gram-positive bacteria. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, 92.3% (n=24) showed resistance to more than one antimicrobial, especially to ampicillin (81.2%), cefepime (33.1%), gentamicin (19.4%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (17.2%). Among the MDR ones, three cases had Klebsiella pneumoniae, and three had Pseudomonas aeruginosa, classified as two MDR and one XDR, and three XDR, respectively. Gram-positive resistance to penicillin was the most common one (80.0%), and approximately half of the strains being resistant to oxacillin. Susceptibility was high to vancomycin (97.5%), but one microorganism was resistant to oxacillin and vancomycin. Conclusions: The emergence of MDR strains is a reality in NICUs, carrying the risk of therapeutic failure and requiring continuous prevention protocols aimed at minimizing the risks of contamination by bacteria with high morbidity and mortality.

Objective: Evaluate the application of a technological strategy, Interactive Quiz "Handling Medical Waste", as a facilitating tool for in-service training on the management of Medical Waste for professionals working in High-Risk Maternity Hospitals. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive research, quantitative approach, developed in the period from January 14 to 17, 2020. The population consisted of 60 professionals from different categories, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire at the end of the participation of professionals in the training activity. The data found were entered into Google Forms, whose resources helped in the descriptive analysis of frequency and interpretation. Results: Of the total of 60 participants, 90% considered the relevance of the topic excellent, as much as 85% the subjects covered, 88.3% the methodology used, 58.3% the time devoted to the activity, 63.3% the use of the activity, and the contribution to improving the quality of care, 81.6%. However, 60% of the participants did not issue criticism or suggestions about the activity developed. Conclusion: The study showed that the implemented strategies were essential to encourage the involvement and participation of the multidisciplinary team in in-service education activities, contributing to Good Practices in the management of Medical Waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to quantify and investigate microorganisms associated with hospital healthcare-associated infections during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze their outcomes. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out in a teaching hospital in the Campos Gerais region -- Paraná. Positive culture tests collected after 48 hours of patient admission were analyzed, along with the sensitivity profile of these microorganisms. The data correspond to the period from January 2020 to January 2021 and were analyzed descriptively according to microorganism, sensitivity and deaths. Results: there was an increase in the detection of microorganisms in the interval from August 2020 and January 2021, corresponding to the COVID-19 pandemic period. The most frequent microorganisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. There was also a higher frequency of deaths due to healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units in the same period. Conclusion: there was an increase in the incidence of microorganisms associated with healthcare-associated infections in parallel with the growth of the pandemic in the studied region and a higher frequency of deaths from healthcare-associated infections in the exclusive care ward for COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Eletronica de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of multidrug-resistant nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in patients in an ICU. Methods: This was an observational cohort study involving patients with nosocomial LRTI (health care-associated pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, or ventilator-associated pneumonia). Data were prospectively collected between 2015 and 2019. The multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDRPs) identified in the isolates studied included resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at microbiological diagnosis. Results: During the study period, 267 patients in the ICU were diagnosed with LRTI, microbiological confirmation of LRTI having been obtained in 237. Of these, 146 (62%) had at least one MDRP isolate. Patients infected with MDRP were found to have poorer outcomes than patients infected with susceptible strains, such as prolonged mechanical ventilation (18.0 days vs. 12.0 days; p < 0.001), prolonged ICU length of stay (23.0 days vs.16.0 days; p < 0.001), and higher mortality (73% vs. 53%; p < 0.001) when compared with patients infected with susceptible strains. Hospital length of stay ≥ 5 days (OR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.39-7.39; p = 0.005) and prolonged use vasoactive drugs (OR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.42-7.01; p = 0.004) were independent predictors of LRTI caused by MDRPs (LRTI-MDRP). The presence of LRTI-MDRP was found to be an independent predictor of death (OR = 2.311; 95% CI: 1.091-4.894; p = 0.028). Conclusions: Prolonged use of vasoactive drugs and prolonged hospital length of stay were independent predictors of LRTI-MDRP in this population of critically ill patients with very poor outcomes.

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Build and validate a realistic interprofessional simulation scenario for the identification and management of sepsis by doctors and nurses., Method: Methodological study developed in 2021, in two stages: construction of the guide and content validation by expert judges; and development of the simulation and validation of the scenario by doctors and nurses. 15 specialists participated in the research in the first stage and eight care professionals in the second stage. 0.8 was adopted as a parameter for the Content Validation Index (CVI)., Results: The scenario guide addressed nosocomial sepsis with an abdominal focus in an adult patient and its validation obtained a total CVI of 0.97. All areas evaluated in the simulation scenario obtained agreement indices greater than 0.8., Conclusion: The construction and validation of the guide allowed the elaboration of guiding material for the development of an interprofessional simulated scenario, whose execution and validation process demonstrated its suitability in approaching the identification and management of sepsis by doctors and nurses. It is recommended to carry out future research evaluating its applicability to other situational contexts.

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the rate of complications associated with the use of temporary pacemakers in patients in the waiting list for the definitive pacemaker implantation in a public hospital located in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Methods Retrospective observational study based on data extracted from medical records of patients admitted to Hospital Municipal Dr. Moyses Deutsch, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein from January 2014 to December 2018. Patients aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with high degree atrioventricular block upon admission and with indications for definitive pacemaker implantation were included. All-cause mortality, clinical and surgical complications and length of hospital stay while waiting for the procedure were defined as primary outcomes. Results The sample comprised 66 patient allocated to one of two groups: with and without the need of temporary pacemaker while in hospital (n=45 and n=21, respectively). The rate of complications was higher in patients who used a temporary pacemaker (p

Introduction: Neurosurgical patients are at high risk of local and systemic complications that can increase the length of stay and the risk of death. This study aims to assess the incidence of healthcare-related infections and associated risk factors in patients undergoing neurosurgery. Materials and Methods: prospective cohort study, carried out in a large hospital in the state of Rondônia, in the period from 2018 to 2019, including 36 patients. Results: The incidence of healthcare-related infections was 19.4 per 100 patients (95% CI: 8,19 - 36,02). The use of nasoenteral tube increased the risk of HAI by 6.5 times (95% CI: 1,26 - 33,5), mechanical ventilation increased 5.52 times the risk (95% CI: 1,23 - 24,6), the presence of tracheostomy increased six times (95% CI: 1.34 - 26.8) and invasive examination increased the risk by 6.79 to have infection (95% CI: 1,31 - 35,05). In the adjusted analysis, the variables were not statistically significant. Discussion: The incidence of infections was higher than in regions with better socioeconomic conditions, which may be related to lower adherence to good care practices. Conclusion: in neurosurgeries, in addition to surgical site infections, other topographies should also be considered for investigation of infection. The use of invasive devices has been associated with the occurrence of healthcare-related infections, so good practices in their use are essential when referring and using these devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scire Salutis is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence of factors related to healthcare-associated infections, caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, in a pediatric intensive care unit. Methods A retrospective case-control study conducted from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2018, in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. The study was carried out at the pediatric intensive care unit of a high-complexity, tertiary care general hospital. The study included patients aged 1 month to 19 years, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, diagnosed as healthcare-associated infections. Results There was significant evidence of infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with immunosuppressed patients (p

To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of late postoperative complications of orthopedic surgeries by video arthroscopy. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that evaluated, through its own instrument, local and systemic postoperative complications of patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries by video arthroscopy. The study included 270 patients, who were evaluated on days 30(without prosthesis) and 90(with prosthesis placement) of the postoperative period, by telephone service. The selection of participants occurred sequentially and population-based, within the data collection period, from February to July 2020, in a large hospital for medium and high complexity surgeries. Of the 270 procedures performed in the period, 4.4% (n = 12) presented late postoperative infection. The most frequent complications were erythema (83%), edema (75%) and secretion (67%) in the surgical wound. Most used antibiotic therapy (92%) and anti-inflammatory drugs (67%). Hospital readmission was not necessary concerning the complications. Only 50% required medical evaluation before the scheduled time. The need for practices that ensure the quality of perioperative care and improve the active search to assess surgical outcomes is reinforced.

Objective: to verify the association between the occurrences of surgical site infection (SSI) and the need for re-approach in patients undergoing clean and potentially contaminated surgeries. Method: longitudinal study, involving 75 patients with infection; data collection was carried out using a survey form evaluating sociodemographic and clinical aspects. The association was assessed by the odds ratio and its confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: patients hospitalized for external causes are four times more likely to be surgically re-approached (p=0.011), in the orthopedic specialty the reason was five times greater (p=0.003), readmissions are 10 times more likely to be re-approached (p=0.000), leukocytosis (p=0.002) and alteration in the value of creactive protein (p=0.016) were associated with the need for a new surgery. Positive culture (p=0.001) and therapeutic antibiotic (p=0.04) proved to be protective factors for re-approach. Conclusion: the data demonstrate the presence of SSI as a strong influencer in surgical reoperation, guiding hospitals with the same profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Contamination of cell phones can contribute to the dissemination of pathogens in the community and/or hospital environment. Objective: To characterize Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cell phones of university students. Methods: Samples were collected from 100 cell phones. Detection of genes associated with virulence factors such as biofilm formation (icaA and icaD), enterotoxins production (SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED), and resistance to methicillin (mecA and mecC) was performed in S. aureus isolates by PCR. Typing mecA gene performed by multiplex PCR. Susceptibility to antimicrobials and biofilm formation rate also evaluated by using disk diffusion test and crystal violet staining. Results: S. aureus was present in 40% of the total samples and about 70% of them belonged to Nursing students. Of the isolates, 85% presented resistance to penicillin and 50% were classified as moderate biofilm producers. In addition, 92.5% of isolates contained the gene icaA and 60% of the gene icaD. Approximately 25% of the isolates presented the mecA gene. Typing of the mecA gene showed the presence of staphylococcal chromosome cassette SCCmec I and c III respectively in 20% and 10% of the isolates. 70% of the samples could not be typed by the technique. Regarding the enterotoxins, the most prevalent gene was SEA (30%) followed by the SEC gene (2.5%). The presence of SED and SEB genes not observed in any of the isolates. Conclusion: The cleaning and periodic disinfection of cell phones can contribute to the reduction of the risk of nosocomial infection.

Healthcare services must be guided by biosafety practices and microbial control. This control is highly influenced by humidity, which directly impacts the maintenance of sterility of the materials used in the appointments. High concentration of moisture, in the form of aerosol, splashes and spills, is caused during dental care. During the COVID-19 times the contamination by aerosol and droplets worries greatly. Considering that it could cause harm to the sterility of an autoclaved material, especially in dental environments, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of SMS sterilization packages (Spunbonded / Meltblown / Spunbonded) against microbial penetration in an aqueous vehicle. SMS of three brands were challenged, equally divided into two groups: virgin and processed (subjected to a single autoclaving cycle). Each specimen was aseptically deposited on Macconkey agar. Subsequently, 5 µL of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 saline solution [108 CFU mL-1] was deposited in center of the SMS specimen and the dish incubated at 36°C / 48h. Reading was performed by the presence or absence of bacterial growth typical of the species under the SMS, observed on the back of Petri dish. The lowest penetration rate observed was 60% for one of the brands in the virgin condition, and 75% for two brands in the processed condition. Statistical analysis showed an association between bacterial penetration and the evaluated group, this association being valid only in the virgin condition. The different SMS behave similarly in terms of resistance to bacterial penetration after being processed. The data show that moisture can assist in bacterial transport through sterilized SMS. Therefore, SMS packages are not able to prevent bacterial penetration, and possibly other microorganisms, when in aqueous vehicles, offering a potential risk of breaking the aseptic chain. Thus, care must be taken in routines for handling and storage sterile packaging.

Staphylococcus aureus is a clinical relevant bacterium that can be found on the nasal microbiota of humans, which is the primary site of colonization. Individuals who live in hospital environments are more subject to colonization by multi-resistant S. aureus, becoming carriers and disseminators of these bacteria. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of colonization by S. aureus in the nasal cavity of students of the Nursing course at a private university in the city of São Paulo and to evaluate the profile of resistance to antimicrobials, after applying a questionnaire to determine the routine of participants in a hospital environment. Nasal secretion samples were collected and analyzed. Strains of S. aureus were isolated, identified and submitted to the Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test (TSA). Among the samples of students colonized by Staphylococcus spp., 22% corresponded to S. aureus, of which about 6% were classified as MRSA, corroborating data from the literature, which indicate a higher index of MRSA strains in health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the level of clinical contamination in the clinic and laboratory of the prosthodontics department of Kerman Dental School. Material and Methods: Clinical surfaces of the dental units, the laboratory, and the professors' lounge of the prosthodontics department were randomly sampled. The sampled surfaces included the dental units' console, light switch, light handle, headrest, and air-water spray syringe in the clinic, plastering tables, buttons of the vibrator, polishing, and trimmer machines, acryl tables, handles of pressure pot and press machine, handpiece holders, work desks, and drawer handles in the laboratory, and desks, computer mouse and keyboard, telephone sets, and doorknob in the professor's lounge. The samples were examined for the type and growth of microorganisms. The data were entered into SPSS, where they were analyzed using the chi-square test at the 0.05 significance level. Results: Of all the samples taken, 89.9% showed microbial contamination. The most common type of contamination was fungus (34.8%) and the least common types were Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.1%). The second and third most common types of bacteria in the samples were Staphylococcus aureus (18%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.4%), respectively. There was no significant difference between the frequencies of microbial contamination in the clinic, the laboratory, and the professors' lounge. Conclusion: Given the strong chance of cross-infection in the examined department and laboratory, it is necessary to enforce protocols for proper disinfection of surfaces before, between and after treatments.

Objective: to analyze bacterial growth in samples collected from the hands of health professionals after hygiene with soap and water. Methods: cross-sectional analytical study, carried out with healthcare professionals by collecting samples (print) from the digital pulp of the dominant hand on plates containing chromogenic culture medium for microbiological analysis regarding the presence of colonies. Fisher’s and Chi-square tests were used. Results: 73 samples were collected and 67 (91.8%) showed bacterial growth. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 19 (26.0%). A significant association between colonies with multidrug-resistance profile and the time of performance (p=0.030) and profession (p=0.041) was highlighted. Conclusion: there was bacterial growth in samples after hand hygiene, with higher growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria among nursing professionals and those with longer time of work. These results may contribute to detect the gaps about the measures adopted for infection prevention.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of risk factors for infection that add up to the nursing diagnosis risk of infection in people with AIDS who are hospitalized. Method: Accuracy study with case-control design carried out with a total of 208 people living with AIDS and hospitalized between 2010 and 2016. The cases comprised people living with HIV, hospitalized and who developed infection related to health care and controls to those who did not develop it. Secondary data from medical records and research forms were used to respond to the data collection instrument for sociodemographic, clinical evaluation and investigation of the presence or absence of risk factors. The accuracy of clinical diagnostic indicators was measured through specificity, sensitivity and predictive values. Results: The risk factor that showed the greatest sensitivity and specificity was chronic illness, while the invasive procedure and the change in the integrity of the skin had the highest positive predictive value. Conclusion: Accurate diagnoses allow nurses to build a nursing intervention plan aimed at the needs of this population.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the diagnostic criteria for ventilator-associated pneumonia recommended by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency and the National Healthcare Safety Network/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as its risk factors. Methods: retrospective cohort study carried out in an intensive care unit throughout 12 months, in 2017. Analyses included chi-square, simple linear regression, and Kappa statistical tests and were conducted using Stata 12 software. Results: the sample was 543 patients who were in the intensive care unit and under mechanical ventilation, of whom 330 (60.9%) were men and 213 (39.1%) were women. Variables such as gender, age, time under mechanical ventilation, and oral hygiene proved to be significant risk factors for the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Conclusions: patients submitted to mechanical ventilation need to be constantly evaluated so the used diagnostic methods can be accurate and applied in an objective and standardized way in Brazilian hospitals.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the challenges to actions to contain bacterial resistance. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out in 30 large-sized hospitals in Minas Gerais, from 2018 to 2019. The professionals were interviewed, and the environment and actions to prevent bacterial resistance were observed. Results: regarding the knowledge of health care professionals about the measures of bacterial resistance prevention, 78.3% did not correctly describe the five moments of hand hygiene, and 76.6% did not correctly describe the measures to control bacterial resistance. The simple hygiene of hands, followed by alcohol rubbing was predominant (48.3%) among workers, and soap dispensers were next to alcohol dispensers in 58.3% of the nursing stations in care units. Conclusions: the insufficient knowledge from the professionals, which is a failure related to the physical structure and to personal protection equipment, are factors that difficult the adherence to measures to contain bacterial resistance in hospitals.

Objective: to analyze the factors related to mortality by nosocomial pneumonia unrelated to mechanical ventilation. Methods: retrospective cohort study with a sample acquired using the 538 notification forms for health care-related infections. The relative risk was calculated and a multivariable analysis was carried out using Poisson regression with a significance level of 5%. Results: the multivariable analysis showed that being under 59 years old and taking only one antimicrobial drug were protective factors against death. The main microorganisms responsible for the increase in the risk of death were: Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and species of Candida (Candida spp). Conclusion: the factors related to mortality were being 60 years old or older, using two or more antimicrobial substances, and being affected by the microorganisms Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, and species of Candida (Candida spp).

Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological profile and factors associated with mortality in patients with pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. Methods: Retrospective, documentary and quantitative study, developed in a teaching hospital, located in João Pessoa - Paraíba. Data collection was carried out from September to November 2020, using a systematic questionnaire with a simple random sample of 59 records. Results: Most were female (57.6%), aged 60 years or older (55.9%), had infectious diseases (50.8%) as a medical diagnosis of hospitalization, and had comorbidities (74,6%). The causative microorganism was pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.5%). The length of hospital stay was less than or equal to 30 days (57.6%), the time of mechanical ventilation above 15 days (74.6%) and there was a statistically significant association between age and clinical outcome, as well as length of stay and the outcome. Conclusion: The profile identified both resembles and stands out in some aspects when compared to the consulted literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to evaluate the characteristics of the cell phone by employees, students and health professionals and investigate the relationship with the number and type of microorganisms present on the phone. Sociodemographic data and information on cell phone use were collected, in addition to the microbiological assessment of the phones. The data were analyzed in SPSS, through descriptive statistics of the variables. Among the 50 study participants, 82% were female, 96% used their cell phones at work and 70% performed some type of asepsis. Regarding microbiological collection, there was bacterial growth in 68% of cell phones, whose most isolated bacterium was negative coagulase Staphylococcus (47%). In addition, there was a growth of more than 100.000 CFU/mL in the cell phones of residents (26.5%) and undergraduates (23.5%). It is concluded that the use of the cell phone during the working day is frequent, which may be related to the number of contaminated devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify the compliance rate of the use of gloves by the nursing team in a hospital environment. Methods: a descriptive study, carried out in a hospital in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between August and October 2019, through the observation of the nursing team in carrying out a total of 396 procedures. All ethical aspects were considered. Results: 32 different types of procedures were observed. The compliance rate with the use of gloves occurred only in one observation (0.25%). Excluding hand hygiene, it was 60.1% (238). In other 158 (39.9%) opportunities, incorrect use varied between reuse (18.43%), unnecessary use (8.33%) and non-use when necessary (13.13%). Hands were cleaned before using gloves in 1.76% of the observations and in 4.54% immediately after their removal. Conclusions: non-conformities were identified in the use of gloves when observing the performance of procedures by the nursing team.

ABSTRACT Objective: To build and validate an instrument to assess hospital infection control programs. Method: Methodological study that was developed in seven stages. The instrument items were categorized into the structure, process and result components. 10 expert judges participated, who evaluated the psychometric properties and validated the content using the Likert scale. The pre-test was carried out with 98 health professionals, from April to July 2018. For reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha test was used. Results: Regarding the content validity index, the score made by expert judges ranged from 0.777 to 1.00, with mean of 0.902 (± 0.076). The Cronbach's alpha test showed good internal consistency of the items (0.82). Conclusion: An instrument to assess hospital infection control programs was developed and validated, which showed good reliability and can be efficiently used at national level.

Objective: to analyze, in the clinical practice of large hospitals, how the adoption of measures to prevent and control the spread of bacterial resistance has occurred, and to propose a score for the institutions’ adherence. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out in 30 large hospitals of Minas Gerais, from February 2018 to April 2019, after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee. Interviews were conducted with hospital managers, with Hospital Infection Control Services coordinators, and with the care coordinators of the Inpatient Units and Intensive Care Center. In addition, observations were made of the adoption of preventive measures by the multidisciplinary team in the care units. Results: in the 30 participating hospitals, 93.3% (N=28) had protocols for prophylactic antibiotics, and 86.7% (N=26) performed their audit, 86.7% (N=26) for therapeutic antibiotics and 83.3% (N=25) their audit; 93.3% (N=56) used gloves and cloaks for patients in contact precautions, and 78.3% (N=47) of the professionals were unaware of or answered incompletely on the five moments for hand hygiene. In the score to identify the adoption of measures to control bacterial resistance, 83.3% (N=25) of the hospitals were classified as partially compliant, 13.3% (N=04) as deficient, and 3.4% (N=01) as non-adoption. Conclusion: it was found that the recommended measures to contain bacterial resistance are not consolidated in the clinical practice of the hospitals.

Introduction: Infection of the Surgical Site occupies the third position among infections acquired in health services, representing an important public health problem, present in about 15% of those found in hospitalized patients, and one of the types of most likely for this event are trauma-orthopedic surgies. Objective: To verify the association between risk factors and the presence of Surgical Site Infection in traumato-orthopedic surgeries. Materials and methods: Prospective descriptive, quantitative study, conducted between August and October 2017 with 84 patients. The data regarding the patient, the procedure and the signs of Surgical Site Infections, found on the third and tenth postoperative days, were collected using a form. Results: Of the studied variables, they behaved as risk factors for Surgical Site Infection: smoking, diabetes and age over 50 years. Age was the main risk factor related to the patient, present in 31, 36.9% of cases. Pain, edema and hyperemia were the most prevalent signs of infection. Discussion and conclusions: The risk factors related to the patient are more relevant in the association with infection of the surgical site compared to those related to the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to build and validate the content and appearance of the booklet on prevention and control of contact-borne infections. Methods: methodological study, developed from the validation of an educational booklet by expert judges and by the target audience. The validation was performed by seventeen judges from different Brazilian regions and seven companions. The agreement index between the evaluators was calculated, with a minimum of 80.0% being necessary to guarantee the validation of the material. Results: most of the items obtained agreement rates above the recommended. The changes were made according to the judges’ suggestions, giving rise to the second version of the booklet, which was submitted to the appearance validation by the target audience, culminating in changes in the cover and language. Conclusion: the booklet was considered valid by specialists and by the target audience, and could be technology used for companions of patients kept in contact isolation.

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are an important cause of morbidity in the community, constituting one of the main reasons for hospitalization, and the fourth cause of healthcare-associated infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of community-acquired UTI (CA-UTI) with need of hospitalization and healthcare-associated UTI (HA-UTI), their risk factors, etiologic agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility spectrum. Methods: A prospective and analytic study was conducted, in which all admissions regarding CA-UTI with need of hospitalization and HA-UTI were evaluated during the period between 2016 and 2017 in two university hospitals. Results: A total of 279 episodes of UTI in hospitalized patients were identified and, among those, 178 episodes corresponded to CA-UTI and 101 to HA-UTI. On average, patients were 60 years old in both groups. HA-UTI were more frequently associated with kidney transplant, recurrent UTI and chronic kidney disease compared with CA-UTI. The instrumentation of urinary tract within the previous month was more frequent in HA-UTI (75.2% vs 32.6%, p

Objective: to describe experiences of nurses and doctors of Emergency Care Units in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach, conducted with seven doctors and seven nurses working in two Emergency Care Units, reference for Covid-19. The interviews took place between September and November 2020 and were guided by a semi-structured questionnaire. The statements were recorded, transcribed and submitted to Content Analysis. Results: two categories of analysis emerged: "We feel exhausted": the experience of nurses and doctors and Strategies to face the mishaps in the pandemic context. Final considerations: the professionals experienced several challenges, such as lack of institutional protocol, lack of physical structure, material, human resources and training, difficulty in sensitizing the population and concern to contaminate oneself and the family. However, they relied on different strategies, such as preventive self-isolation, family support, exchange of experiences with other professionals and keeping up to date on the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform a situational diagnosis of the behavior of health professionals concerning hand hygiene practices in highly-complex sectors. Methods: this quantitative and retrospective study was based on reports (2016 and 2017) of Adult and Pediatric ICUs of a Federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Results: one thousand two hundred fifty-eight opportunities for hand hygiene were analysed. The chance of professionals sanitizing hands in Pediatric ICUs is 41.61% higher than in Adult ICUs. Concerning proper hand hygiene, the medical team had a 39.44% lower chance than the nursing team. Others had a 30.62% lower chance when compared to the nursing team. The moment “after contact with the patient” presented 4.5275 times the chance in relation “before contact with the patient”. Conclusion: in front of hand hygiene recommendations to control COVID-19, diagnostic assessment and previous analysis of the behavior of professionals proved to be positive.

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the methods employed to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical surface cleaning and disinfection (C&D). Method: This is a theoretical reflection based on scientific studies and the experience of the authors. Knowledge and current gaps, the need for further studies, and practical application of the methods were approached. Results: There are four main methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical surface C&D: visual inspection, fluorescent markers, microbiological cultures, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence. The first two are used to evaluate the process and to predict adherence to protocols by the staff, and the last two are employed to evaluate the results, therefore being the most relevant to assess the risk of infection. Final considerations: The ideal method was not found, because all of them showed limitations. There is a need for strategies to optimize the precision of these methods.

Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) account for up to 30% of hospital-acquired infections. In this regard, several studies have reported the use of non-pharmacological interventions during urinary catheter insertion aimed at reducing the occurrence rate of CAUTI. Objective: To assess the safety and effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions during urinary catheter insertion aimed at reducing the risk of contracting infections in non-immunocompromised adults. Material and methods: A literature review was conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases. Only randomized clinical trials comparing the use of non-pharmacological interventions to placebos, pharmacological interventions, or no intervention during catheter insertion were included. Results: Eight studies were retrieved (8 718 participants). Based on the evidence found in the review (low-quality and very low-quality evidence according to the GRADE system), using non-pharmacological interventions reduces the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria episodes (RR: 0.67, 95%CI 0.48-0.94; 7 studies) or mild adverse events (RR: 0.84, 95%CI 0.74-0.96; 2 studies), but does not reduce the occurrence rate of symptomatic urinary tract infections (RR: 0.90, 95%CI 0.61-1.35; 4 studies) or improves quality-of-life scores (MD –0.01 EQ-5D scale; 95%CI (-0.03)-(0.01), 1 study). Conclusion: The use of non-pharmacological interventions during urinary catheter insertion does not pose any risk at all. Instead, it could help reduce the occurrence rate of infections associated with this procedure, such as asymptomatic bacteriuria and mild adverse events. However, there is very little evidence (in fact, low and very low-quality evidence) to make conclusions on the effectiveness of these interventions.

Introduction: Hospital-acquired pneumonia continues to be a frequent complication in the intensive care unit and an important cause of admission in the intensive care unit. The aim of our study was to evaluate the demography, incidence, risk factors, causative bacterial pathogens and outcome of all episodes of Hospital-acquired pneumonia in our unit. Material and Methods: Prospective observational study, at a tertiary university hospital during one year (2014) including all the cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Results: Sixty patients were identified with pneumonia. Thirty-five (58.3%) had an intensive care unit acquired pneumonia, corresponding to 6.9 cases/1000 intubation-days. Antibiotic treatment in the previous 30 days was present in 75% of the cases. The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii was 26.2%, 20.0% and 9.2%, respectively. Patients with late-onset hospital-acquired pneumonia (≥ 7 days) showed higher frequency of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli isolates, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Combination therapy was performed in 67.0%, and de-escalation in 18.3%. The mortality rate was 18.3%. The adjusted odds ratio for intensive care unit mortality in the group of patients with non-intensive care unit acquired pneumonia was 5.2 (95% CI of 1.02 – 22.10; p = 0.046). Discussion: The knowledge of local bacterial flora and resistance patterns is of crucial importance and strongly recommended. This evidence increases the probability of success of empiric antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: S. aureus was the predominant causative agent of nosocomial pneumonia. The most frequent risk factor identified for infection with multidrug-resistant organisms was previous treatment with antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant organisms were present in 45% of documented hospital-acquired pneumonias. In admitted patients with non-intensive care unit acquired pneumonia, the intensive care unit mortality rate was nearly five times higher compared to intensive care unit acquired pneumonia.

This study aimed to identify the factors associated with puerperal infection in postpartum women from January 2017 to January 2019; to associate puerperal infection with socio-demographic variables; and to associate delivery mode with puerperal infection. Method: The locus of study was the maternity unit of a hospital in the state of São Paulo. This was an exploratory, quantitative and retrospective study which employed the χ² test at a 5% significance level. Data collection took place exclusively in medical records after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee through opinion n. 3,144,647. Results: The postpartum group studied was composed of young adult housewives, in domestic partnership, with completed high school education, who rely on the Unified Health System. The variables that showed dependence were: surgical wound classification and education (p = 0.035); the classification of signs and symptoms and marital status; and the classification of the therapeutic plan and the revaluation of the surgical wound (p = 0.067). The predominant clinical antecedents were smoking, asthma and systemic arterial hypertension. As for delivery conditions, they was marked by attempted induction, frequent vaginal touches and cesarean outcome. Conclusion: The results reinforce the relation between cesarean section and puerperal infection, showing evidence of invasive procedure and higher incidence of cases of puerperal sepsis after cesarean section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the actions taken by the SCIH and Quality Management team to achieve the goal of reducing the risk of infections related to health care. Exploratory descriptive qualitative study, carried out in two hospitals. There was triangulation of data with interviews, observation and document analysis. For data analysis, content analysis was used. The most performed actions were permanent education, identification and correction of problems in procedures, active search, surveillance and hand hygiene. It was possible to identify the occurrence of adverse events. Communication and structural problems appear as difficulties in reaching the goal. The actions identified are traditional practices and are often inefficient. The prevention and control of infections are still challenges for health institutions. There is a need to adopt innovative strategies to achieve the goal of reducing the risk of infection related to healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To report the experience of nursing care to the first patient in palliative care oncology with COVID-19, in Rio de Janeiro. Method: This is a descriptive study of an experience report about nursing care for patients with COVID-19 in a reference institution. Results: During data collection, it was found that nursing care is fragmented and without systematization in records and medical records, consisting of: surveillance of the general condition of the patient, ventilatory assistance and risk of falling. Measures to alleviate fear in the face of the most expressive physical symptoms were included. The use of technology by video call was the resource used to alleviate anxiety. Conclusion: The nursing team's approach to patients with advanced disease and with COVID-19 becomes peculiar due to the rapid evolution of this disease, making nursing care multiple, complex, with biopsychosociocultural care. The rapid worsening of the disease, isolation, absence of caregiver / family and risk of contamination of the team in view of the adequacy of the hospitalization service in the context of the pandemic made nursing care more specific and careful. In the midst of chaos, mixed feelings and fear, the true essence of Palliative Care was experienced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe and discuss the performance of nursing professionals, their exposure to risk factors at work and the importance of psychosocial support in the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This is a narrative review from the analysis of the technical and scientific contents produced in different countries to the nursing professionals in the scope of the pandemic. Results: Nursing professionals are in the front line in the fight against COVID-19 and are exposed to a higher risk of contamination due to the scarcity of resources, such as the lack of personal protection equipment. The withdrawals of contaminated colleagues, high demands, shortage of materials, fear of being contaminated and lack of psychosocial support overload these professionals and trigger stress, physical and psychological exhaustion. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the importance of nursing teamwork in all types of health services, especially in emerging situations. Therefore, in addition to adequate working conditions, psychosocial and mental health support to these professionals is essential for maintaining the health of these workers and the quality of care provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Analyze the situation of the Nursing team in the context of the pandemic in Brazil, focusing on the management of the work of these professionals. Method: This is a reflection study on the living and working conditions of nursing professionals in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, using data from the World Health Organization, the Ministry of Health, the Nursing Observatory of the Federal Council of Nursing and the Nursing Profile Research in Brazil. Results: There are numerous weaknesses in the working conditions, income, work, physical and mental health of these professionals. In relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, the picture is of a disease installed throughout the country, but differing significantly between states and regions. The country already accounts for 5,533 confirmed cases and 138 deaths among the professionals of the nursing team. Conclusions: The pandemic has reinforced to a greater extent the precarious working conditions of Brazilian nursing professionals, requiring more studies and diagnoses, on the effects that affect the working process during the current period and in the post-pandemic for a better understanding of the reality posed and exposed, in order to propose suggestions to Class Entities, to society and to the State in order to bring the reality of these professionals closer to what the International Labor Organization has called "decent work". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]