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Philosophy significantly contributes to the inheritance of human thought and the humanistic spirit. Traditional explorations in philosophy, often rational and abstract, may struggle to engage deeply with human emotions and experiences. This article delves into the expression of philosophical ideas through vocal music, particularly during the Romantic era, to bridge this gap. By examining the integration of philosophical concepts into 19th-century vocal compositions, the study highlights how vocal music can serve as a potent medium for philosophical discourse. It explores the symbiotic relationship between vocal music and philosophy, analyzing how arias express and pursue philosophical inquiries. This research evaluates the role of vocal music in philosophical exploration through three dimensions: emotional expression, conceptual communication and inspirational impact. The findings aim to demonstrate the transformative power of music to convey philosophical thoughts, inspiring deeper contemplation of life, existence and values, and encouraging a reevaluation of the unique capacity of vocal music to communicate profound ideas.

Silicon catalysts have very low catalytic activity in polyester (PET). However, titanium catalysts have high catalytic activity in polyester. The simultaneous use of titanium and silicon catalysts is effective in reducing the activity of a single titanium catalytic base agent. In addition, the glycol salts of titanium and silicon (Ti-EG and Si-EG) prepared in the present invention for use in the polyester catalytic process can avoid the introduction of other groups of impurities during the polyester catalytic process, which would lead to premature capping of the polyester in the process of polycondensation and chain building and make it difficult to increase the molecular weight, and thus affect the quality of the polyester. It has been verified that the ratio of Ti:Si is 1:1 (mol), and total amount added to the catalyst is 0.15% of the raw material amount, and the polycondensation temperature was 260-280 °C for 60 min. Compared with the single Ti-EG catalyst, the b* value of the synthesized PET was significantly reduced, and the molecular weight and other indexes did not change too much. In addition, at the end of catalysis, the catalyst was uniformly dispersed in the reaction system, which could be used as a matting agent for PET.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) between females and males in early bovine embryos. Superovulated cattle (n = 4) in the age span of 16–18 months were artificially inseminated with semen from the same bull that has been proven to be fertile. Blastocysts were collected by routine non-surgical uterine flushing on day 7 after insemination. This study determines the sex of embryos using a micro-injection pipette to collect a few blastomeres through the Zona pellucida. The remaining blastomeres were used for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on the Illumina platform, followed by differential expression analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The criteria for identifying DEG will be set at |log2(Fold change)| ≥ 1 and P

Abstract The objective of this work was to establish and validate the dry matter distribution and yield prediction models based on physiological developmental timing, to compare the differences between the dry mass distribution index model and the dry mass distribution coefficient model, for the simulation of ear dry mass and to improve the accuracy of maize growth models for predicting yield. The experiments were conducted in three tropical sites (Longchuan, Mangshi, and Ruili) in the tropical region of Yunnan Province, China. The NRMS of ear dry mass and yield were generally less than 10. The dry mass distribution index method (NRMS = 5.44% and RMSE = 807.22 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; and NRMS = 7.32% and RMSE = 707.67 kg ha-1 for grain yield) is better than the dry mass distribution coefficient method (NRMS = 7.52% and RMSE = 1115.31 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; NRMS = 8.6% and RMSE = 830.76 kgha-1 for grain yield) to simulate maize ear dry mass and grain yield. The distribution index model improves the accuracy of the model, which is valuable for future maize production and management in Yunnan.

ABSTRACT: Acute liver injury (ALI) is an important medical problem that requires effective therapy. Astaxanthin (AST) is a carotenoid, and the beneficial effects of astaxanthin, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities, have been identified. The present study was designed to elucidate the protective effects of astaxanthin against ALI and their underlying mechanisms. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide combined with different doses of astaxanthin for 12 h. Mice were fed with or without astaxanthin for up to 7 days. LPS was administered to induce inflammation. We assessed histopathology, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis .The results indicated that astaxanthin attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that astaxanthin down regulated the nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathways, inhibiting the LPS-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, and alleviating LPS-induced ALI in mice.

Abstract The surfactant-polymer-based (S/P) fracturing fluid combines the advantages of the surfactant-based and polymer-based fracturing fluids. In this study, the synergistic tackifying of cationic surfactants and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and the potential application in hydraulic fracturing fluid was investigated. Firstly, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and salicylic acid (SA) with a weight ratio of 4:1 were optimized as the main agent of the small molecule surfactant gel, which was then mixed with carboxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether cellulose (CMHEC) and salicylic acid (SA) to obtain the S/P gel. The proppant suspension performance, gel-breaking properties, salt-resistance and thermal stability of the optimized S/P were evaluated to confirm their potential application in the hydraulic fracturing fluid. These results showed that the performance of the S/P fracturing fluid system was much better than the performance of the surfactant fracturing fluid and also the performance of polymer fracturing fluid.

Resumo Fundamento: A disfunção hepática é uma variável postulada de prognóstico desfavorável na cardiomiopatia dilatada (CMD). Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o valor prognóstico do escore albumina-bilirrubina (ALBI), um modelo relativamente novo para a avaliação da função hepática, em pacientes com CMD idiopática. Métodos: Um total de 1.025 pacientes com CMD idiopática foram incluídos retrospectivamente e divididos em três grupos com base nos escores de ALBI: grau 1 (≤ −2,60, n = 113), grau 2 (−2,60 a −1,39, n = 835) e grau 3 (> −1,39, n = 77). Foi analisada a associação do escore ALBI com eventos clínicos adversos maiores (ECAM) intra-hospitalares e mortalidade a longo prazo. Valor de p inferior a 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: A taxa de ECAM intra-hospitalares foi significativamente maior nos pacientes com grau 3 (2,7% versus 7,1% versus 24,7%, p < 0,001). A análise multivariada mostrou que o escore ALBI foi um preditor independente para ECAM intra-hospitalares (odds ratio ajustada = 2,80, IC 95%: 1,63 – 4,80, p < 0,001). Após seguimento mediano de 27 meses, 146 (14,2%) pacientes morreram. A curva de Kaplan-Meier indicou que a taxa cumulativa de sobrevida a longo prazo foi significativamente menor em pacientes com grau mais alto de ALBI (log-rank = 45,50, p < 0,001). O escore ALBI foi independentemente associado à mortalidade a longo prazo (hazard ratio ajustada = 2,84, IC 95%: 1,95 – 4,13, p < 0,001). Conclusão: O escore ALBI, como modelo de risco simples, pode ser considerado uma ferramenta de estratificação de risco para pacientes com CMD idiopática.

Commented Article: LIU, Xiaodan; XIA, Huiwen; MA,Tao, DANG, Qi. The evolution and spread of the image of “Nagas bathing Siddhartha” in Buddhism art. Trans/Form/ Ação: Unesp journal of philosophy, v. 46, Special Issue, p. 263- 284, 2023.

Not only the indigenous aristocratic families but also northern immigrant families living in east Zhejiang were involved in the debates on monetary theory and policy thought in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. The debates were often focused on the commodity prices and forced labor in east Zhejiang. This special historical phenomenon reflects two questions. On the one hand, the chaos caused by the war in the north and scholar families migrating southward greatly promoted the development of southern China, which made the five counties in east Zhejiang the most important and active areas of economy. On the other hand, it reflects the relationship changes between immigrants and indigenous gentries. Namely, the indigenous aristocratic families and northern immigrant families cooperated in economy so as to enhance the prosperity and development of the east Zhejiang region. Later, with the rise of "common people (寒人)", the scholars’ economic status was increasingly impacted, which resulted in the gentries’ anxiety and crisis consciousness.

Commented Article: CHEN, Ru; LIU, Song; LIN, Jiaxin; KAN, Muhammad Khail. Paul Auster and August Brill’s solitary rooms: the spatiality of solitude. Trans/Form/Ação: Unesp journal of philosophy, v. 45, n. 4, p. 183-204, 2022.

After the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, as the problem of Japanese pirates became more and more serious, books devoted to the study of Japan began to be published. Among them, the most important ones are A Brief Survey of Japan (Ri Ben Kao Lue), A Compilation of Japanese Maps (Ri Ben Tu Zuan), A Mirror of Japan (Ri Ben Yi Jian), A Survey of Japan (Ri Ben Kao), A Record of Japanese Customs (Ri Ben Fen Tu Ji), and A Biography of Japanese Pirates in Qiantai (Qian Tai Wo Zhuan). Among them, A Mirror of Japan is a special one. In addition, there are also special books to introduce the general situation of Japan, such as A Collection of Coastal Military Maps(Chou Hai Tu Bian), Resistance to Japanese Pirates in Ming Dynasty (Huang Ming Yu Wo Lu), the Compilation of Coastal Defense (Hai Fang Zuan Yao) and the Continuation of Coastal Defense Category in Zhedong and Zhexi Regions (Liang Zhe Hai Fang Lei Kao Xu Bian). As Zheng Shungong, the author of the book A Mirror of Japan, once visited Japan twice, so many contents in the book are based on his own experience and knowledge. Therefore, his research on Japan had gone beyond the similar literature of the Ming Dynasty in breadth, depth and accuracy. Moreover, the record and analysis of the Japanese pirates in the book are of great research value. Before the publication of Huang Zunxian’s Annals of Japan (Ri Ben Tu Zhi), A Mirror of Japan was one of the highest level monographs on Japan in ancient China.

ABSTRACT: Agricultural ecological efficiency is of great value to the government’s agricultural policy formulation. Research on the factors affecting agricultural ecological efficiency can provide support for the formation of countermeasures to improve agricultural ecological efficiency. Existing research has not conducted an in-depth analysis of the impact of urbanization on agricultural ecological efficiency, and there is a lack of relevant research on the impact of urbanization on agricultural ecological efficiency. This article is based on the data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2018, using the SBM model that considers undesired output, entropy method, Tobit model and other models and methods to measure agricultural ecological efficiency and urbanization comprehensive index, and analyze the impact of urbanization comprehensive index and urbanization indicators on agricultural ecological efficiency. The research results are as follows: 1) The overall agricultural ecological efficiency in China’s 30 provinces and cities has been increasing from 2009 to 2018. The eastern region has the highest agricultural ecological efficiency, followed by the western region, and the central and northeastern regions have relatively low values; 2) The comprehensive urbanization index of China’s 30 provinces and cities continued to grow from 2009 to 2018.The level of urbanization in the eastern region is the highest, in the central region has increased rapidly from 2009 to 2018, and in the western and northeastern regions is relatively low; 3) The overall increase in urbanization can promote the improvement of agricultural ecological efficiency. The impact of specific urbanization indicators on agricultural ecological efficiency is complex. Therefore, discussing the impact of urbanization on agricultural ecological efficiency cannot be considered from a single aspect, but should be analyzed from multiple perspectives.

Multilinguals who live in their native multilingual communities are constantly switching between languages, whereas those who live in monolingual communities need to constrain their code-switching. Malaysia is a multilingual country in which people mix languages on a daily basis, whereas, in Taiwan, Mandarin is predominately used and people are more cautious about code-switching. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated what factors might facilitate Malaysian-Chinese students to reduce the unintentional switching between languages to adapt to the language environment in Taiwan. Malaysian-Chinese who live in Malaysia (MIM) and Taiwan (MIT) were recruited to investigate whether and how non-linguistic code-switching and their awareness of language environment (ALE) influence their intentional and unintentional code-switching experiences. Participants' non-verbal code-switching was measured by a color/shape switching task, whereas ALE and code-switching experiences were measured by questionnaires. The multiple regression analyses of MIT's responses showed that the moderation of non-linguistic switch cost and ALE significantly predicted MIT's unintentional code-switching. Moreover, the simple slope analysis showed that MIT with high executive control have a dynamic unintentional switch in which the higher level of ALE is associated with lower unintentional switch. However, MIT with low executive control have a static unintentional switch, uninfluenced by their level of ALE. These results suggested that multilinguals' executive control along with their awareness of the language environment help them adapt to living in a community with a predominant language.

By way of Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based computational methods with commercially available software, the computational work of which about the molecular properties, the vibrational modes and vibrational frequencies of finasteride were accomplished for the first time. In order to gain a deeper and more thorough understanding of the molecular structure and infrared spectrum of finasteride, the equilibrium geometry harmonic vibrational frequencies and geometric parameters (bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles) were calculated by Generalized Gradient Approximations (GGAs) with five different density functional methods (PBE, RPBE, HCTH, PW91 and BLYP), using Material Studio 8.0 program. Theoretical vibrational frequencies and theoretical optimized geometric parameters were compared with the corresponding experimental data, which concluded that the GGA/PW91 method were shown to be in a good agreement with the results of experiment. In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies and electron density isosurface calculations were done with an aim at a better understanding of the stability and reactivity of the molecule, indicating that the alkene and lactam conjugated system on the ring A is more likely to interact with other species. And, the atomic charge distribution was also calculated to understand the charge effect caused by electronegative atoms, which shows that the possible active-sites in chemical reactions are N1 and O1.

ABSTRACT To explore the impact of functional training on completion quality of body difficulty, 24 rhythmic gymnasts aged 10-11 years old were randomly and averagely divided into functional training and control group and trained 2h/day for 1 month. Body difficulty – including balance, rotation, and leap difficulties – was measured before and after training. The results showed that the total score, the score of 360° passé pivot and the score of split leap for the functional training group was respectively 1.87, 0.77, and 0.42 points higher than those for the control group (P

ABSTRACT Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lysozyme on immune response, fecal microflora in sows and their offspring fed lysozyme from late gestation to the onset of lactation, and growth performance in weaned piglets. Four antibiotic-based treatments (chlortetracycline, colistin, and lysozyme) were applied in experiment 1. Lysozyme addition significantly increased final body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake, improved feed:gain ratio (F:G), and decreased diarrhea rate in weaned piglets. In experiment 2, postpartum sows were fed diets either with amoxicillin and cephalosporin (SC) or lysozyme (SE). Piglets from SC sows were administered enrofloxacin and those from SE sows were administered lysozyme. Lysozyme treatment decreased serum IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10, but did not influence IL-8, TNF-α, or IFN-γ in weaned piglets. Sequencing revealed that lysozyme significantly decreased Chao-1 index in sows and weaned piglets, increased Bifidobacterium longum in sows, and Lactobacillus coleohominis, L. mucosae, L. amylovorus, and L. hamsteri in weaned piglets. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of lysozyme improved the growth performance of weaned piglets, and dietary supplementation of lysozyme for sows increased immune function and modulated the intestinal flora structure in sows and their offspring.

ABSTRACT: Exporting the organic fresh fruit (FF) to Europe and America could be regarded as great opportunity for smallholders and suppliers of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Yet, the global organic farmland and the number of organic producers are continued to grow. To date, little is known about the behavior of Pakistani farmers towards organic fresh fruit production. This study examined the factors that influence the decision-making of fresh fruit smallholders concerning the conversion to organic farming (COF). This study uses Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict the behavior of Pakistani smallholders of fresh fruit. Path analysis examined the utility of the extended version of the TPB model to anticipate 277 small-scale farmers’ behavioral intentions towards the adoption of organic farming (AOF) and their prospect of converting their farm to organic produce within the next three years. The present study reported that the smallholders’ attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavior control (PBC), and farmer’s group participation (FGP) were positively correlated with farmer’s intention to adopt organic farming, while group participation of farmers has significant correlation with their behavior regarding production of organic fruits. The present study justifies using the model of farmers’ group participation in policies that deliberately cheer up smallholders of fresh fruit to adopt organic farming, to raise farm incomes and to alleviate poverty.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of Chahuang ointment, a Chinese herbal ointment, on the prevention of phlebitis in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. Method: This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial, with 171 eligible patients randomly assigned into one of three groups: the Chahuang ointment group, the Mucopolysaccharide Polysulfate cream group, and the control group. The degrees of vein injuries at 72 hours after peripherally inserted central catheter insertion were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the vascular wall thickness, tissue edema and microthrombus evaluated by Color Doppler Flow Imaging, the vascular endothelial growth factor, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in vivo. Results: Compared with the control group, the Chahuang ointment group showed significantly lower incidence of postoperative phlebitis, tissue edema, and microthrombus at 72 hours after peripherally inserted central catheter insertion (all P0.05). Conclusion: Chahuang ointment was shown to provide effective prevention and protection against phlebitis after peripherally inserted central catheter insertion.

ABSTRACT We evaluated the difference between rumen bacteria in Tan sheep fed either by grazing or in a feedlot. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for ruminant nutrition and meat quality based on rumen fermentation. Twenty-four three-month-old Tan sheep were randomly and equally divided into two groups, the grazing group and ration group. Five sheep of each group were selected for slaughter at six months of age. Ruminal contents were collected and assessed to identify rumen bacteria, based on 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. A total of 17 phyla were identified, among which Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in both groups. The abundance of Firmicutes was higher in grazing group than in the ration group, while that of Proteobacteria was opposite. Besides the dominant phyla differences, the abundance of Fibrobacteres, Tenericutes, Elusimicrobia, and Cyanobacteria was significantly higher in the grazing group compared with the ration group. At genus level, a total of 174 genera were identified. The abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Dialister, Lachnospiraceae_NA, Catonella, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, and Fibrobacter in the grazing group was higher than in the ration group. However, the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae_NA was lower in the grazing group, and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 showed a decreasing trend in the grazing group. The two feeding methods may influence the rumen bacterial composition, including the abundance of dominant bacteria, as well as the cellulolytic- and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria in the rumen of Tan sheep.

Abstract In this paper, a novel zwitterionic copolymer AM/SSS/THDAB clay hydration dispersion inhibitor was synthesized by copolymerization of tris hydroxyethyl diallyl ammonium bromide (THDAB), sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) and acrylamide (AM) initiated in an aqueous solution. The copolymer was characterized by FT-IR, GPC, TGA-DSC and SEM. Results demonstrated that molecular weight of AM/SSS/THDAB was 43674 g/mol and its temperature resistance ability was up to 225 °C. Evaluation experiments showed that AM/SSS/THDAB has an excellent clay hydration inhibitive performance. Methods including particle size analysis and SEM were utilized to study its dispersion inhibition mechanism by using sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT). Results indicated that the micro-structure of Na-MMT has been successfully changed by AM/SSS/THDAB. In a word, the superior inhibition property makes the novel clay hydration dispersion inhibitor promised in water-based drilling fluids.

Objective. To examine short-term changes in perceived barriers to access to primary care before and after implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) among adults in the United States of America. Methods. The ACA was approved in 2010. We used the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the years 2011-2014 to compare the main reported problems in accessing primary care among adult respondents in 2011-2013 (before implementation of mandatory ACA health insurance for individuals) and in 2014 (after that implementation). A multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to identify trends with primary care barriers. Results. We found that from 2010 through 2014, individuals were progressively less likely to report challenges to accessing care, such as having trouble finding a provider, getting accepted as new patients, and health care providers not accepting their health insurance. In addition, adults were less likely to report inconveniences linked to waiting times for an appointment and with provider's office hours. Conclusions. Informing policymakers, providers, and system administrators about the short-term changes in perceived barriers to care offers a baseline for evaluating policies and programs linked to implementing the ACA, as well as assessing how prepared primary care networks were for the influx of newly insured patients. Nevertheless, the abolition of the ACA health insurance mandate through legislation approved in December 2017 has put into question whether patients’ perceptions of improved access to care will be sustained in the future.

Abstract: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed, including 117 psoriatic patients and 117 controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index. Psoriatic patients had higher levels of serum uric acid (6.25 ± 1.62 vs 5.71 ± 1.35 mg/dl; P=0.019) and significantly greater prevalence of hyperuricemia (31.6% vs 16.2%; P=0.009) than individuals without psoriasis. Psoriatic patients had significantly higher serum uric acid than controls in subjects without metabolic syndrome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that psoriasis can be a strong predictor of hyperuricemia (odds ratio 2.61; 95% confidence interval 1.34-5.00; P=0.004).

ABSTRACT: Taking Henan province as an example, the index system of rural hollowing was constructed from three aspects of economy, population and land. Using the entropy weight method, hollowing index method, spatial autocorrelation analysis and Geo detector, spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of county rural hollowing from 2000 to 2013 in Henan province were analyzed. Results showed that the gap of rural hollowing between counties in Henan province expanded first and then decrease, and the whole province was at the middle level of rural hollowing, so the development of rural hollowing in Henan province was stable and positive. Spatial variation characteristics of different degrees rural hollowing during 2000-2013 were obvious, and the overall spatial pattern was higher in the northwest-southeast direction and lower in the northeast-southwest direction. There was a strong spatial positive correlation in rural hollowing, and spatial agglomeration was slightly weakened; the number of counties in H-H and L-L agglomeration areas was large and its agglomeration characteristics were obvious; the H-L agglomeration areas started from zero with a small number and scattered distribution. Influence of different factors on rural hollowing was quite different, and the per capita homestead area, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, the investment in fixed assets and the per capita net income of farmers were the dominant factors.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of nursing interventions to increase the level of hope in cancer patients, in a meta-analysis. Methods: electronic databases were searched. Two of the authors independently extracted data from the eligible studies, and Stata 13.0 software was used to pool the data. Results: nine randomized controlled trials were included, and methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCT) was evaluated using Cochrane handbook recommendations. A random effects model was used to combine results from eligible studies. The pooled results using the fixed effects model showed that scores to first effects increase significantly after the use of nursing intervention between the groups. Heterogeneity was observed among the studies for posttest (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). The results indicated significant heterogeneity across the nine selected studies. The test for heterogeneity showed no homogeneity among studies for follow-up (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), and there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: the current evidence suggests that nursing intervention has a positive effect on hope in cancer patients. However, more large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.

ABSTRACT To demonstrate the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in yaks (Bos grunniens), we characterized the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) mRNA and protein. The level of GnRHR mRNA in the hypothalamus was higher than that in the pineal gland, pituitary gland, and ovary during estrus. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that GnRHR was expressed in the pinealocyte, synaptic ribbon, and synaptic spherules of the pineal gland and that melatonin interacts with GnRHR via nerve fibers. In the hypothalamus, GnRHR was expressed in the magnocellular neurons and parvocellular neurons. In the pituitary gland, GnRHR was expressed in acidophilic cells and basophilic cells. In the ovary, GnRHR was present in the ovarian follicle and Leydig cells. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor is located in the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonad during estrus of yaks and is mainly expressed in the hypothalamus and ovaries during the estrus period.

Objective:Evidence suggests that early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an etiologically distinct subtype of OCD. The objective of the present work was to search for neurocognitive endophenotypes of early-onset OCD based on assessments of attention, memory, and executive function in patients with the disorder and their unaffected siblings.Methods:We compared the performance of 40 adult patients with early-onset OCD, 40 of their unaffected siblings, and 40 unrelated healthy controls on a neuropsychological battery designed for this study. We searched for associations among test performance, demographic variables (age, sex and years of education) and clinical symptoms of early-onset OCD.Results:Patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls on the Tower of Hanoi, and the Stroop and Wisconsin tests, indicating impairments in planning, mental flexibility and inhibitory control. The performance of the unaffected first-degree siblings of patients with early-onset OCD on the Stroop and Wisconsin tests also differed from that of healthy controls. Symptom severity in early-onset OCD was strongly correlated with performance on the Tower of Hanoi.Conclusions:Our findings support the existence of specific executive function deficits in patients with early-onset OCD. Relatives presented an intermediate phenotype between patients and controls, suggesting that executive functions such as mental flexibility and response inhibition may be considered candidate endophenotypes of early-onset OCD.

Objective: to prospectively validate a previously constructed transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) nomogram for identifying severe hyperbilirubinemia in healthy Chinese term and late-preterm infants. Methods: this was a multicenter study that included 9,174 healthy term and late-preterm infants in eight hospitals of China. TcB measurements were performed using a JM-103 biliru-binometer. TcB values were plotted on a previously developed TcB nomogram, to identify the predictive ability for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia. Results: in the present study,972 neonates (10.6%)developedsignificant hyperbilirubinemia. The 40th percentile of the nomogram could identify all neonates who were at risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia, but with a low positive predictive value (PPV) (18.9%). Of the 453 neonatesabove the 95th percentile, 275 subsequently developed significant hyperbilirubinemia, with a high PPV (60.7%), but with low sensitivity (28.3%). The 75th percentile was highly specific (81.9%) and moderately sensitive (79.8%). The area under the curve (AUC) for the TcB nomogram was 0.875. Conclusions: this study validated the previously developed TcB nomogram, which could be used to predict subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy Chinese term and late-preterm infants. However, combining TcB nomogram and clinical risk factors could improve the predictive accuracy for severe hyperbilirubinemia, which was not assessed in the study. Further studies are necessary to confirm this combination.

Diclofenac is one of most frequently detected compounds in the water cycle. In this work, the effect of initial concentration, liquid inclusion complexes with β-Cyclodextrins (β-CDs) on the photodegradation of diclofenac were studied. Six phototransformation products were detected by HPLC chromatograms. UV-absorption spectra of diclofenac and phototransformation products were determined. One of the phototransformation products was identified. The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The experiment showed that irradiation of diclofenac in the presence of β-CDs increase photodegradation rate and determined the optimal molar ratio of diclofenac to β-CDs as 1:2. The reduced photohaemolytic activity of diclofenac in the presence of β-CDs may be attributed to the sequestering and stabilizing of the radical intermediates and /or photoproducts by complexation.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os anestésicos locais são amplamente utilizados na prevenção ou na reversão de dor aguda e no tratamento de dor crônica. A reação de cardiotoxicidade induzida pelos anestésicos locais é um evento acidental sem terapia farmacológica, exceto a infusão de intralípides relatados recentemente cujo mecanismo de ação ainda não é bem compreendido. CONTEÚDO: A cardiolipina, um fosfolipídio aniônico, desempenha papel relevante na determinação de reação respiratória mitocondrial, metabolismo de ácidos graxos e apoptose celular. A disfunção do metabolismo energético mitocondrial é sugerida em associação com a cardiotoxicidade dos anestésicos locais, a partir de um estudo in vitro de que ela talvez se deva a fortes ligações eletrostáticas entre os anestésicos locais e a cardiolipina na membrana mitocondrial. Não há, contudo, evidência experimental. Portanto, levantamos a hipótese de que as interações anestésico-cardiolipina sejam o principal determinante associado à reação de cardiotoxicidade, o que pode ser estabelecido com a adoção de métodos teóricos e biológicos estruturais. Esse modelo de interação nos daria uma pista sobre o mecanismo da cardiotoxicidade dos anestésicos locais, visando a futuras pesquisas na área de desenvolvimento de fármacos de prevenção a esse evento na prática clínica. CONCLUSÕES: A interação entre a cardiolipina mitocondrial e os anestésicos locais pode ser a principal fonte de sua cardiotoxicidade, em função de seus efeitos sobre o metabolismo energético e o estado eletrostático.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Local anesthetics are used broadly to prevent or reverse acute pain and treat symptoms of chronic pain. Local anesthetic-induced cardiotoxic reaction has been considered the accidental event without currently effective therapeutic drugs except for recently reported intralipid infusion whose possible mechanism of action is not well known. CONTENTS: Cardiolipin, an anionic phospholipid, plays a key role in determining mitochondrial respiratory reaction, fatty acid metabolism and cellular apoptosis. Mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction is suggested as associated with local anesthetic cardiotoxicity, from an in vitro study report that the local anesthetic cardiotoxicity may be due to the strong electrostatic interaction of local anesthetics and cardiolipin in the mitochondria membrane, although there is a lack for experimental evidence. Herein we hypothesized that local anesthetic-cardiolipin interactions were the major determinant of local anesthetic-associated cardiotoxic reaction, established by means of theoretic and structural biological methods. This interacting model would give an insight on the underlying mechanism of local anesthetic cardiotoxicity and provide clues for further in depth research on designing preventive drugs for such inadvertent accidence in routine clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The interaction between local anesthetic and mitochondrial cardiolipin may be the underlying mechanism for cardiotoxicity affecting its energy metabolism and electrostatic status.

Open Source pode ser definido como um método de desenvolvimento de software onde o código fonte é aberto para a comunidade e há suporte à recepção de contribuições, via Internet, de desenvolvedores dispersos geograficamente. Não há qualquer vinculação direta entre Open Source e Software livre. Existem licenças que protegem um software de código aberto e permitem que ele seja utilizado para diversos fins, inclusive o comercial. O Open Source trás diferenciais para o processo de desenvolvimento de software e seus resultados, tais como, maior qualidade, flexibilidade, rapidez e menor custo. Esta metodologia de desenvolvimento foi considerada eficiente apenas para fins de pesquisa acadêmica, para produzir conhecimento universal, de livre acesso. Atualmente, variados segmentos utilizam a metodologia Open Source para maximizar seus resultados. Tendo como objetivo averiguar na literatura, a aplicação desta metodologia como uma estratégia de mercado, dado que é crescente o número de importantes corporações que têm aplicado recursos em projetos com estes perfis, apresentamos este trabalho, com a finalidade de elucidar as razões que motivam estes investimentos, a motivação de um desenvolvedor que contribui gratuitamente para estes projetos, bem como desmistificar o senso comum que reprova a possibilidade de sucesso financeiro em um código fonte aberto ao público.

This paper presents a framework for evaluating efforts by organizations to share research as exemplified on their websites, then reports the result of an evaluation of these efforts in 100 organizations. The result shows that the overall research sharing efforts of these organizations are modest and not well aligned to evidence on effective practice in this area. Organizations tend to devote more efforts to making products available while interpersonal strategies, though more effective, are less used. Most efforts involve one way communication to potential users. The paper concludes with suggestions for practice and for further research.

Introdução: O fumo passivo é atualmente considerado o principal poluente em ambientes internos, sem nível seguro de exposição. Objetivo: O presente estudo visa a quantificar os níveis de nicotina no ar em bares de São Paulo, Brasil, antes e depois da lei estadual que proíbe o fumo em locais fechados. Método: O estudo foi realizado em parceria entre a ONG Aliança de Controle do Tabagismo - Brasil, e a Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health - EUA . A nicotina no ar foi medida através de monitores passivos contendo um filtro tratado com bissulfato de sódio. A quantidade de nicotina no ar absorvida pelos filtros foi medida no laboratório da Universidade Johns Hopkins. O estudo foi realizado em 16 bares e a quantidade total de amostras válidas foi de 72. Resultados: Em média, uma redução de 72% da nicotina no ar foi encontrada nos estabelecimentos pesquisados após a proibição de fumar em locais fechados no Estado de São Paulo. Isso indica uma melhora na qualidade do ar nesses ambientes e uma diminuição do risco de exposição ao fumo passivo por clientes e trabalhadores. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo oferecem evidências locais da eficácia de tais políticas e apoio à necessidade de uma legislação federal que garanta ambientes fechados 100% livres de fumo a todos os brasileiros.

We presented a theoretical study on the detailed reaction mechanism and kinetics of the HNCS molecule with the OH-. The barrierless minimum energy path and the most favorable entrance channel have been determined by study the thermodynamic and kinetic characters of the channel with low energy barrier. The B3LYP/6-311++G** method was employed for all the geometrical optimizations and a multi-level extrapolation method based on the G3 energies was employed for further energy refinements. In addition, the analysis of the combining interaction between hydroxide ion and HNCS was performed by natural bond orbitals (NBO) analysis. The calculation results indicated that the reaction of OH- with HNCS had four channels, and the channel of H-atom in HNCS direct extraction to OH- (OH-+HNCS→IM1→TS3→IM4→P2(SCN- +H2O)) in singlet state was the main channel with the low potential energy and high equilibrium constant and reaction rate constant. SCN- and H2O were main products.