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Background and Objectives: There are different ultrasound probe positions used for internal jugular venous catheter placement. Also, in-plane or out of plane needle approach may be used for catheterization. Transverse short-axis classic approach is the most popular performed approach in literature. "Syringe-Free" is a new described technique that is performed with oblique long-axis approach. We aimed to compare performance of these two approaches., Methods: This study was conducted as a prospective and randomized study. 80 patients were included the study and divided into two groups that were named Group C (transverse short-axis classic approach) and Group SF (oblique long-axis syringe-free approach) by a computer-generated randomization. The primary outcome was mean time that guidewire is seen in the internal jugular vein (performing time). The secondary outcomes were to compare number of needle pass, number of skin puncture and complications between two groups., Results: Demographic and hemodynamic data were not significantly different. The mean performing time was 54.9±19.1s in Group C and 43.9±15.8s in Group SF. Significant differences were found between the groups (p=0.006). Mean number of needle pass was 3.2(±2.1) in Group C and 2.1(±1.6) in Group SF. There were statistically significant differences between two groups (p=0.002). The number of skin puncture was 1.6(±0.8) and 1.2(±0.5) in Group C and SF, respectively (p=0.027)., Conclusion: "Syringe-Free" technique has lower performing time, number of needle pass and skin puncture. Also, it allows to follow progress of guide-wire under continuous ultrasound visualization and the procedure does not need assistance during catheter insertion. Namely, "Syringe-Free" is effective, safe and fast technique that may be used to place internal jugular venous catheter., (Copyright © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

Ectodermal dysplasias are rare conditions with a triad of hypotrichosis, anodontia and anhidrosis. In literature review there have been only a few reports of anesthetic management of patients with ectodermal dysplasias. Hyperthermia is a very serious risk which may occur due to the defect of sweat glands. The present case involves a 10-year-old child with ectodermal dysplasia who presented with an acute abdomen and was considered for an emergency surgery. Our aim was to demonstrate the successful management of this case using a combination of general and epidural anesthesia. It is important for anesthesiologist to have information about this syndrome in case of emergency operations, since it can prevent serious complications and even save lives., (Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)