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ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to clinically compare the accuracy of bracket positioning between three-dimensionally (3D) printed indirect bonding trays and vacuum-formed trays made over 3D-printed models. Material and Methods: Fourteen patients, planned for fixed orthodontic therapy, were randomly divided into two equal groups. For both groups, both dental arches were scanned, to acquire virtual models, brackets were virtually positioned from central incisors to second premolars, and scans for the final bracket positions were performed. In the first group, transfer trays were 3D-printed. In the second group, virtual models were 3D-printed, and vacuum-formed soft sheets were thermoformed on the printed model. Teeth were indirectly bonded and then scanned. Superimposition of the virtual and the final bracket positioning scans was performed to measure linear and angular deviations in brackets positions. Results: The first group showed significantly less occlusogingival and buccolingual linear errors than the second group. No significant differences in angular deviations were found between both groups. The frequencies of clinically acceptable linear errors within 0.5 mm and angular errors within 2° showed no statistically significant difference between both groups (p> 0.05 for all measurements). The transfer errors in both groups showed linear directional biases toward the mesial, gingival and labial directions. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of immediate debonding between both groups (10.7% and 7.1% for the first and the second groups, respectively, p=0.295). Conclusions: 3D-printed indirect bonding trays were more accurate than vacuum-formed trays, in terms of linear deviations. Both types of trays showed similar angular control.

Abstract Objective Recurrent miscarriage has been linked to hormonal disturbance due to dysregulation of its receptors rather than to the availability of the hormone. We aimed to investigate endometrial expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors in relation to serum and endometrial hormonal levels in unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Methods The present case control study included 20 cases with unexplained recurrent miscarriage and 20 parous women as controls. Ovulation was confirmed using an ovulation kit and 10 to 12 days after detecting the urinary luteinizing hormone surge, all women were subjected to a blood sample and to an endometrial biopsy. Progesterone and estrogen levels were measured in serum and in endometrial tissue and receptor concentrations were in the endometrial sample. Results Women with recurrent miscarriage showed significantly lower concentration of receptors in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of endometrial tissue compared with controls. The nuclear/cytoplasm ratio of progesterone receptor was significantly higher in cases compared with controls, implicating that recurrent miscarriage is probably linked to nongenomic activity of the hormone; this was also significant for estrogen receptor. Serum progesterone and estrogen hormonal levels were comparable between groups while both hormones were significantly reduced in the endometrium of recurrent miscarriage cases. Receptors significantly correlated with endometrial hormonal level but not to serum level. Conclusion Recurrent miscarriage might be linked to reduced endometrial progesterone and estrogen receptors and appears to be more related to nongenomic activity of progesterone. Endometrial receptors expression correlates to tissue hormonal level rather than to serum hormonal level.

En el mundo árabe, existe una literatura popular junto con la literatura escrita en árabe clásico. Esta literatura popular, compuesta en los diferentes dialectos de cada uno de estos países, fue y sigue siendo de transmisión oral y carece, en la mayoría de los casos, de un registro escrito. Esta literatura comprende, además de la poesía popular, los cuentos, las leyendas, los refranes, las adivinanzas, etc. En los países del Magreb, la poesía popular recibe el nombre de al-malḥūn (Argelia, Libia, Marruecos, Túnez), y le-ġna en Mauritania. En este trabajo analizamos las características de le-ġna, sus metros, sus temas, y, finalmente, presentamos, a modo de ejemplo, una muestra de pareados ḥassaníes llamados givān (singular: gāv) muchos de ellos de autores anónimos debido a la transmisión oral de esta poesía.

Objective: To estimate caries spectrum in first permanent molars (FPMs) of 7- to 8-year-old children in Saudi Arabia using Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index, and examine the correlation between distributions of CAST codes among contralateral and opposite arches. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 7- to 8-year-old Saudi school children in Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia. A total of 385 children were examined. CAST codes were determined for FPMs, and their distribution was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set as p

Objective: To compare the amount of mercury in new and old dental amalgam restorations. Material and Methods: This study analyzed twenty samples of dental amalgam restorations, dividing into two groups. Group 1 consisted of samples of new dental amalgam restoration (n=10) and group 2 consisted of samples of old dental amalgam restoration (5-years old) (n=10). In each group, the mercury involved in the dental amalgam restoration was calculated using the cloud point extraction (CPE) method. The new dental amalgam restorations are taken from the patients' mouth after condensation and analyzed directly after setting. The old dental amalgam restorations are removed from the patients' mouth, after 5 years of use by the patients, and then they are analyzed. The independent-samples t-test was used to analyze the differences (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maxillary molar distalization is a common approach for correcting dental Class II malocclusions. Objective: This study aimed at comparing the outcomes of maxillary first molar distalization using the Carriere appliance before and after second molar eruption. Methods: Two groups of patients with dental Class II malocclusions were treated with Carriere distalizer appliance with heavy rectangular mandibular wire and lingual arch for anchorage. Patients of the first group presented unerupted maxillary second molars during the distalization period. In the second group, maxillary second molars were in occlusion on treatment onset. Cone beam computed tomography images were taken at the beginning of treatment and after finishing molar distalization, to compare both groups regarding first molar distalization, intrusion, mesiodistal tipping, buccolingual torquing and rotation, anchorage loss and skeletal changes. Also, the treatment durations were compared. Results: The mean first molar distalization period in the first group (19.2 ± 1.6 weeks) was significantly smaller than the second group (23.3 ± 2.3 weeks). The amount of maxillary first molar distalization was significantly greater, while the amount of rotation was significantly smaller in the first group. No statistically significant differences in the amounts of maxillary first molar intrusion, mesiodistal tipping and buccolingual torquing between both groups was found. Mandibular incisor labiolingual torquing and mandibular first molar mesialization and mesiodistal tipping were significantly greater in the second group. Conclusions: Maxillary first molar distalization before maxillary second molar eruption is more efficient, with less anchorage loss than after second molar eruption.

Los refranes como parte de la tradición oral son unos enunciados relativamente antiguos que permiten conocer los aspectos de la cultura y la sabiduría popular de cualquier sociedad. Estos materiales paremiológicos tienen un gran valor etno-lingüístico en la medida en que se ve en ellos la relación existente entre la lengua y la cultura. En este artículo, se analiza el tema de los personajes históricos y populares que se mencionan en los refranes y frases proverbiales ḥassāníes con el fin de contribuir a un mejor conocimiento del dialecto y la cultura ḥassāní tradicional.

Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion or belief (FoRB) is one of the cornerstones of pluralism, and growing evidence indicates that respect for religious pluralism is indispensable to peace and security. The protection for the right to FoRB enables people of all faiths and none to live together, learn from each other, and be treated equally. In other words, the right to FoRB is fundamental to peaceful and inclusive societies. However, religious persecution and discrimination worldwide continue to speak to the widespread challenges facing our ability to adequately promote and protect this right. This article examines some of the reasons for these deficits, including widespread misconceptions about the normative content of FoRB, and the challenges of securitisation and politicisation of religion. It also identifies some of the emerging opportunities to address them, including increasing international investments in promoting FoRB and relevant normative and practical tools to guide actions by stakeholders.

O objetivo do presente artigo é examinar a influência do ambiente geográfico no desempenho de bancos islâmicos presentes em quatro regiões: África, Ásia, Europa e América do Norte. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram utilizados dados diários de 113 bancos islâmicos entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Foram aplicadas diferentes abordagens metodológicas, como análise de componentes principais e regressão quantílica com efeitos fixos para dados em painel. Como resultados, descobrimos que a análise dos componentes principais mostra que o desempenho dos bancos islâmicos varia entre as regiões. A regressão do painel linear destaca que o ambiente geográfico afeta positiva e significativamente o sistema bancário islâmico, sugerindo a importância dos efeitos dessa externalidade. Finalmente, o efeito ambiental parece variar com os quantis, trazendo efeito positivo para o quantil mais baixo e efeito negativo para o quantil mais alto. Essa especificação quantílica aponta para a não linearidade na relação ambiente-desempenho do banco islâmico, refletindo uma disciplina variável no tempo imposta pelo conselho da Shariah ou de Lei Islâmica. Essa descoberta ajuda a explicar melhor a principal diferença entre os bancos islâmicos no oriente e os do ocidente e, também, permite que os investidores ajustem suas opções de portfólio ao considerar os produtos dos bancos islâmicos de acordo com as especificidades regionais.

Objetivo: examinar o desempenho preditivo de modelos lineares, não-lineares, de inteligência artificial, domínio de frequência e híbridos para encontrar um modelo apropriado de previsão do retorno das ações de mercados desenvolvidos, emergentes e de fronteira. Metodologia: foram considerados os retornos diários do mercado de ações de índices selecionados de mercados desenvolvidos, emergentes e de fronteira de 24 países para o período de 2000–2019, para avaliar o desempenho preditivo de cinco modelos existentes. Principais Resultados: os resultados indicaram que nenhum dos cinco modelos poderia ser aplicado uniformemente a todos os mercados. No entanto, os modelos lineares e não lineares tradicionais superaram a inteligência artificial e os modelos no domínio da frequência ao fornecer previsões mais precisas. Contribuições acadêmicas e práticas: este estudo é útil principalmente para investidores internacionais e investidores institucionais estrangeiros que desejam minimizar riscos e diversificar suas carteiras, com o objetivo de maximizar lucros.

The aim of this paper is to establish the existence of the principal eigencurve of the p-Laplacian operator with the nonconstant weight subject to Neumann boundary conditions. We then study the nonresonce phenomena under the first eigenvalue and under the principal eigencurve, thus we obtain existence results for some nonautonomous Neumann elliptic problems involving the p-Laplacian operator.

ABSTRACT Postoperative sore throat is a common complication after endotracheal intubation. After tracheal intubation, the incidence of sore throat varies from 14.4% to 50%. The aim of the study was to compare between benzydamine hydrochloride gel, lidocaine 5% gel and lidocaine 10% spray on the endotracheal tube cuff as regards postoperative sore throat. The present study was carried out on 124 patients admitted to Alexandria university hospitals for lumbar fixation surgery requiring general anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into 4 groups. Benzydamine hydrochloride gel, 5% lidocaine hydrochloride gel, 10% lidocaine hydrochloride spray, or normal saline were applied on endotracheal tube cuffs before endotracheal intubation. The patients were examined for sore throat (none, mild, moderate, or severe) at 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after extubation. The results were collected, analyzed and presented in table and figure. The highest incidence of postoperative sore throat occurred at 6 h after extubation in all groups. There was a significantly lower incidence of postoperative sore throat in the benzydamine group than 5% lidocaine gel, 10% lidocaine spray, and normal saline groups. The benzydamine group had significantly decreased severity of postoperative sore throat compared with the 10% lidocaine, 5% lidocaine, and normal saline groups at observation time point. Compared with the 5% lidocaine the 10% lidocaine group had significantly increased incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat after extubation. Compared with normal saline the 10% lidocaine group had increased incidence of postoperative sore throat. There were no significant differences among groups in local or systemic side effects. So in conclusion, benzydamine hydrochloride gel on the endotracheal tube cuff is a simple and effective method to reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat. Application of 10% lidocaine spray should be avoided because of worsening of postoperative sore throat where incidence increased but not the severity in relation to 5% lidocaine gel. Applying 5% lidocaine on the endotracheal tube cuff does not prevent postoperative sore throat but its application is better than lidocaine 10% spray or saline.

FUNDAMENTO: Índices de ondas P são marcadores interessantes para prever recorrências de fibrilação atrial (FA) pós ablação. OBJETIVO: Esse estudo avalia o valor dos índices de onda P para prever recorrências após isolamento da veia pulmonar (IVP) em pacientes com fibrilação atrial paroxística. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 198 pacientes (57 ± 8 anos, 150 homens) com FA paroxística sintomática refratária a medicamentos submetidos ao IVP em nosso hospital. Um eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações foi utilizado para medir a duração da onda P na derivação II, a força terminal de P (FTP) na derivação V1, o eixo e a dispersão da onda P. RESULTADOS: No acompanhamento de 9 ± 3 meses, as recorrências ocorreram em 60 (30,3%) pacientes. Os pacientes que apresentaram recorrência de FA tiveram maior duração média de onda P (122,9 ± 10,3 versus 104,3 ± 14,2 ms, p < 0,001), maior dispersão da onda P (40,7 ± 1,7 ms vs 36,6 ± 3,2 ms, p < 0,001). A duração da onda P > 125 ms apresenta 60% de sensibilidade, especificidade de 90%, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) de 72% e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) de 83,7%, enquanto a dispersão da onda P > 40 ms tem 78% de sensibilidade, 67% de especificidade, PPV 51% e VPN de 87,6%. 48/66 (72,7%) dos pacientes com FTP < -0,04 mm/segundo vs 12/132 (9%) com FTP > -0,04 mm/segundo tiveram recorrência de FA (p < 0,001). O eixo da onda P não diferiu entre os dois grupos. Na análise multivariada, os índices da onda P não foram independentes do tamanho do átrio esquerdo e da idade. CONCLUSÕES: A duração da onda P > 125 ms, a dispersão da onda P > 40 ms e FTP em V1 < -0,04 mm/sec são bons preditores clínicos das recorrências de FA pós IVP em pacientes com fibrilação atrial paroxística; contudo, eles não foram independentes do tamanho do átrio esquerdo e da idade.