24 results on '"ANIMAL populations"'
Search Results
2. A difusão de tecnologias no meio agrícola na Caatinga – a região de clima semiárido brasileiro.
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Costa Borba, Marcelo, Santos Ramos, Josefa Edileide, Melo Barros, José Eduardo, and Dessimon Machado, João Armando
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ARID regions , *ANIMAL feeds , *AGRICULTURE , *HARVESTING time , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
The use of technologies directly influences agribusiness productivity, being crucial for economically viable production in environments with adverse climate conditions, such as the Brazilian semiarid region. Thus, this article analyzes, through a systematic review, the technologies used in the agricultural environment in the Brazilian semiarid climate region, the Caatinga biome. The results initially present technologies for coexistence with the semiarid region or social techniques, with emphasis on methods of soil management, use of rainwater, and preparation of animal feed. About the technologies themselves, the evidence converges to the technological use directed to the viability of production, diversification, and harvest time, mainly for irrigated crops. Furthermore, genetic improvement also contributed to the propagation of resistant crops and the increase in the population of animals. At the same time, it was possible to identify the technological level of agricultural activity in the Caatinga, which, in most of the biome, has low use of technologies, characterized by subsistence activities, family labor, and monoculture, on the other hand, in local centers agricultural systems, there is the use of integrated systems and biologically-based agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Biologia populacional e reprodutiva de um anfípodo terrestre exótico (Crustacea, Talitridae) em área florestada no sul do Brasil.
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Rangel, Carolina and da Silva Castiglioni, Daniela
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AMPHIPODA ,FERTILITY ,ANIMAL populations ,ANIMAL reproduction - Abstract
Copyright of Iheringia. Série Zoologia is the property of Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Modelagem de circulação de biomassa em caules presentes em fragmentos vegetacionais afetados por impactos ambientais urbanos.
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Aveiro Lins, Gustavo, do Couto Pereira, Raphael, dos Santos Matta, Patrícia, Rocha Barbosa, Oscar, Santos da Cunha, Tatiana, Tetyana Gurova, Tatiana, Nunes Aguiar, Marcela, and Ribeiro de Almeida, Almeida
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ANIMAL populations , *STOCHASTIC processes , *SAMPLING (Process) , *COST control , *FOREST biomass - Abstract
The functioning of ecosystems can be modeled through knowledge of the processes that are critical to their own controls, as well as through the validation of each modeling equation through field observation and experimentation. It was adopted as a hypothesis that the mass flow in the studied forest fragment was in a state of homeorhetic equilibrium. For sampling evaluation, the approach chosen was that of random processes. The choice was for the two-stage sampling process, where the second stage of sampling is restricted or dependent on the first stage. The main advantage is the reduction of costs resulting from the concentration of sub-sampling within the primary units. Two main pathway sequences were observed in the analyzed model: C1-C3-C7-C4-C5-C2-C1 and C1-C8-C9. The first represents the flow through vegetation - which represents about 90% - and, the second, the flow through animal populations - which presents about 10%. When comparing the transfer coefficients, it is possible to notice that the most significant are between the litter exit (C3) for detritivores (3.7) and for the soil (3.4) entrances (2.1) in the leaves (C1) from the stems (c2 ) and entry into herbivores (C8) from leaves (1.8) and fruits (6.3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. Contabilidade Dialógica e Relatórios de Sustentabilidade: o caso do Grupo Empresarial Monsanto.
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Silveira de Brito, Miguel Augusto, de Souza Freire, Fátima, and Oliveira da Silva, Nilton
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ENVIRONMENTAL reporting ,SUSTAINABLE development reporting ,ANIMAL populations ,DISCLOSURE in accounting ,DISCLOSURE ,WATER consumption - Abstract
Copyright of REUNIR: Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Sustentabilidade is the property of REUNIR - Revista de Administracao, Contabilidade e Sustentabilidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. PESQUISA DE AGENTES ZOONÓTICOS EM FEZES DE CÃES EM GUARAPUAVA - PR.
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MOTTA, Geovana Thais, CHOCIAI, Samara, SANTOS, Aline Fernanda, NASCIMENTO, Yohhane Tracy Hofmann, FELÍCIO, Karoline Vintureli, MOYA, Carla Fredrichsen, CARRASCO, Adriano de Oliveira Torres, and SEKI, Meire Christina
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ANIMAL welfare , *DOG parasites , *VETERINARY medicine , *PARASITIC diseases , *ANIMAL populations , *PARASITES , *DOGS - Abstract
Dogs are important hosts of endoparasites, including zoonotic ones, therefore, it is important to monitor parasite indices to control and minimize animal and consequently human contamination. The present study aimed to rate, through stool examinations carried out at the Laboratory of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (LADIP - UNICENTRO), the presence of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites in dog fecal patients treated at the Clinical School of Veterinary Medicine - CEVET of the State University of Midwest, in Guarapuava - PR, during 2019. Using the techniques of Willis-Mollay, Faust et al. and Hoffman, Pons and Janer examined 112 fecal samples in which 41.1% (46/112) dissipated positive for one or more gastrointestinal parasites. Ancylostoma spp. obtained the highest frequency (50%) followed by Toxocara spp. (26.1%), Cystoisospora spp. (19.5%), Trichuris vulpis (17.5%) and Giardia spp. (15.2%). Dipylidium caninum and Strongyloides spp. prevention is less frequent (2.2%). By the high number of positive animals reported with the presence of zoonotic parasites, the diagnosis and control of these parasites is of enormous importance for the well-being of the animals and the population. Thus, the need for preventive measures is evidenced, with the indication and supervision of the Veterinarian, to reduce the occurrence of these parasites and their possible transmission to human beings, reinforcing the importance of Unique Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. Pombos: distribuição dos problemas registrados no Distrito Federal, Brasil.
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da Silva Cunha, Lívia Thayane, Cantarino, Ligia, Neves Fernandes, Paulo Vinicius, Tôrres Braz, Frederico, and Marcolino Silva, Debora
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URBAN health , *MITE infestations , *ANIMAL populations , *PUBLIC health surveillance , *NUISANCES , *PIGEONS - Abstract
Synanthropic animals, including pigeons, are a source of nuisance and public health problems in the urban environment. Dispersed throughout the Brazilian territory due to their domestication and distribution, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) of the Columbiformes class lead to complaints of mite infestation, nesting and notification of human diseases. In view of this, a documentary survey of the records of complaints made by the population to the Environmental Surveillance Directorate (DIVAL) of the Federal District was carried out, in the period from 2014 to 2016, in order to map the vulnerable areas and propose solutions to reduce the presence of these synanthropic animals and the incidence of injuries. The distribution of complaints is expanding mainly in the urban area, and others where there was never any notification, with the number of notifications for private establishments being higher than for public ones. The population control of these animals is complex and the control services face difficulties in their activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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8. Uso do habitat e estimativa populacional da lontra antes e depois da formação do reservatório de Salto Caxias, rio Iguaçu, Paraná.
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Quadros, Juliana
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HABITATS ,OTTERS ,ANIMAL populations ,HYDROELECTRIC power plants ,SURFACE impoundments ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Copyright of Neotropical Biology & Conservation is the property of Pensoft Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
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9. ELABORAÇÃO DE UM ESTUDO AMBIENTAL MOSTRANDO OS PROVÁVEIS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DE EXPLORAÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE PETRÓLEO ON SHORE PARA O POÇO MOÇA BONITA 4(MB4).
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de Moura, Johnson Pontes
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LOCAL culture , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *WATER , *HEALTH risk assessment , *ANIMAL populations , *ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
The activities of exploration, perforation and production are inherently invasive to the environment, being able to negative affect ecosystems, the local culture and the health human being, and the physical alterations of the environment can, many bigger times, being of the one than those decurrent ones of a great oil spilling. The perforation of a well or the installation of a duct has immediate consequences for the ecosystem where if it establishes. The main potential impacts are the ecosystem destruction, the chemical contamination of the atmosphere and the water, the damages of long stated period of animal populations, the risks for the health and the security of workers and the displacement of local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
10. Fauna parasitária de Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) em reservatórios do estado do Paraná, Brasil.
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Bellay, Sybelle, Ueda, Bruno Hideo, Takemoto, Ricardo Massato, de los Angeles Perez Lizama, Maria, and Pavanelli, Gilberto Cezar
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FISH parasites ,RESERVOIRS & the environment ,GEOPHAGUS ,PERCIFORMES ,HOST-parasite relationships ,ANIMAL populations - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias is the property of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
11. Utilização de modelos não-lineares para descrever o crescimento do perímetro escrotal em ruminantes.
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Loaiza-Echeverri, Ana Maria
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NONLINEAR statistical models , *RUMINANTS , *ANIMAL populations , *BIOINFORMATICS , *REPRODUCTION , *DEVELOPMENTAL biology - Abstract
Growth follows a definite pattern in animal populations in relation to age. In early life, growth is faster than that which occurs close to maturity, showing an increasing sigmoid evolution curve. When a set of measures is taken in the same individual, from birth to maturity, it can represent the growth through a "growth curve". The non-linear models allow the description of series of data by age and size and allow to condense the information into a few parameters with biological interpretation. The scrotal circumference is an important feature in the selection of reproducers by presenting a moderate to high heritability, high repeatability and for being associated with important reproductive traits in both, males and females genetically related with these males. Thus, the nonlinear models arise as a tool to characterize the relationship between age and scrotal circumference growth and use their parameters for the identification of animals with desirable characteristics in testicular development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
12. RELAÇÃO HOMEM-ANIMAL E BEM-ESTAR DO CÃO DOMICILIADO.
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Ferreira, Sheila Andrade and Machado Sampaio, Ivan Barbosa
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ANIMAL welfare , *DOGS , *HUMAN-animal relationships , *PET owners , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the eventual association between man-dog relationship and the animal welfare. Relationships among raising conditions of 60 dogs, owner's progressiveness and attitude and animal welfare were studied through multiple correspondence analysis. The investigation model used in the research was of the exploratory type of descriptive character with field research. Data were collected at households through an inquiry. Residences were selected according to a systematic sampling procedure covering type of residence and socioeconomical levels. Behavior, peacefulness state and body state evaluations were the three indicators used for measuring animal welfare. Dogs simultaneously tame, peaceful and with ideal body condition were considered to experience appropriate welfare. Only 43.3% of the canine population could be classified as under appropriate welfare during interviews. Among the three used indicators, corporal condition and state of peacefulness were shown to best characterize poor welfare rather than appropriate welfare. Results suggested that progressiveness, positive attitude and the owner's attention and care to provide a good life quality to his dog, did not imply in its adequate welfare, in 56.6% of studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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13. Estrutura populacional de capivaras na Estação Ecológica do Taim, Brasil, RS.
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Garcias, Felipe Maia and Bager, Alex
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CAPYBARA , *ANIMAL populations , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *ANIMAL population density , *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys , *RECRUITMENT (Population biology) , *POPULATION biology - Abstract
A capybara population (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) was monitored in a borderline region between Taim Ecological Station and southernmost areas of rice cultivation located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, Brazil). The aim of this study was to characterize the structure, density, and reproductive periods of this population. A total of 25 censuses, obtained through direct count technique, were performed from August 2003 to August 2005. The samplings were performed in a 4000-meter length transect on the margins of Mangueira lagoon. The abundance was obtained considering the sex and age class of the animals. The abundance registered was of 608.6±27.9 individuals, and the average density was 5.1±0.2ind. ha-1. A variation in number of animals was observed between the first and the second year of sampling. This number was significantly higher in the last year. An average of 22.0±0.8 groups was identified in the sampling area, including female adults (47.5%), juveniles (24.8%), young (17%) and male adults (7.7%). The abundance of animals varied according to spatial distribution, and its highest value (9.5ind. ha-1) was registered in Taim Ecological Station. Seasonal fluctuations in the population recruitment were also observed during this study. The highest densities of young were registered in autumn. Population structure was similar to those registered in different areas of distribution, but it has presented a high potential of population growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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14. Dinâmica populacional canina: potenciais efeitos de campanhas de esterilização.
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Amaku, Marcos, Dias, Ricardo Augusto, and Ferreira, Fernando
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STERILIZATION (Birth control) , *DOGS , *ANIMAL population density , *MATHEMATICAL models , *POPULATION dynamics , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
Objective. To analyze, through mathematical modeling, the potential ability of sterilization campaigns to reduce the population density of pet dogs. Methods. Mathematical models were constructed to simulate the canine population dynamics and project the results of control strategies based on several sterilization rates. Results. Even at high sterilization rates (for example, 0.80 year-1), it would take approximately 5 years to reduce density by 20%. Even so, other sources of population growth, such as the importing of dogs from other geographic areas, could outweigh the effects of a sterilization program. Conclusions. A program's effectiveness is contingent upon not only on the sterilization rate, but also the rate of population growth. Sterilization campaigns may potentially reduce population density, but this reduction may not be immediately evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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15. RESIDÊNCIA EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA DO COLETIVO NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANA.
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Ribeiro da Cunha, Graziela, Becker, Juliana, Teider, Pedro, Guerios, Simone, and Biondo, Alexander
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WILDLIFE management , *VETERINARY medicine , *STERILIZATION (Birth control) , *ANIMAL populations , *HUMAN-animal relationships , *HEALTH education - Abstract
The Shelter Medicine in Brazil can be understood as a new and comprehensive field of veterinary medicine that focuses on the management and control of animal population based on responsible ownership programs, associated with sterilization and health education, government and public policy in order a harmonious relationship among environment, Human and Animal beings. The Shelter Medicine residency is the first of this area in Brazil and focuses on the training of the residents in health education, particularly with regard to the promotion of responsible ownership of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
16. PERFIL DOS PROPRIETÁRIOS DE CÃES E GATOS E A PRÁTICA DA GUARDA RESPONSÁVEL DOS ACADÊMICOS CEULJI-ULBRA.
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Gibim Rezende, Luiz Felipe, Vaz Lopes, Thiago, Aparecida De Almeida Maia, Camila, Teixeira, Wilson Reis, and de Vargas schons, Sandro
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PET care , *ANIMAL psychology , *PHYSIOLOGICAL research , *FERAL mammals , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
The responsible guard means that the owners must provide a healthy life to their pets, which includes the psychological and physiological needs of the animal, caring for their well being since the birth to death and worrying about population control to prevent stray animals to their fate apliccation were applied to CEULJI/ULBRA with the intention to make an inventory of academic knowledge in relation to responsible ownership [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
17. Abelhas Euglossina (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em áreas do Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense
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Moraes, Priscila Vicente de and Albuquerque, Nelson Rufino de
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Population Biology ,Animais - populações ,Biodiversidade ,Animal Populations ,Biodiversity ,Bees ,Abelhas ,População Biológica - Abstract
A subtribo Euglossina tem ampla distribuição neotropical, ocorrendo em diferentes tipos de vegetação. Os machos de Euglossina são os únicos polinizadores de algumas orquídeas. Pouco se conhece sobre a diversidade de Euglossina ocupando áreas do Pantanal brasileiro. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo obter informações sobre a composição e a diversidade deste grupo de abelhas em três regiões do Pantanal Sul-matogrossense, no Brasil. Os resultados permitiram a construção de dois manuscritos intitulados: “Sazonalidade de machos de Euglossina no Parque Natural Municipal de Piraputangas” e “A comunidade de machos Euglossina comparando três regiões do pantanal sul-matogrossensse”. As coletas foram realizadas em três áreas de estudo: Parque Natural Municipal de Piraputangas, Base de Estudos do Pantanal e Fazenda Panorama em Aquidauana. No primeiro capítulo as amostragens foram feitas no Parque Natural Municipal de Piraputangas mensalmente durante um ano e no segundo capítulo as três áreas foram amostradas em coletas intensivas de seis semanas. Todas as amostragens foram realizadas das 7:00 - 16:00. Para a amostragem utilizamos armadilhas carregadas individualmente com essências de eugenol, escatol, acetato de benzila, eucaliptol, vanilina, benzoato de benzila, cinamato de metila e beta-ionona. Ao avaliar a diversidade de abelhas Euglossina é evidenciada a composição e grau de diversidade presente nas regiões pesquisadas do Pantanal. No primeiro estudo, foram atraídos às iscas 469 machos de Euglossina de nove espécies distribuídos em quatro gêneros, sendo Eulaema nigrita a mais abundante. No segundo estudo foi registrado um total de 1409 indivíduos de oito espécies de Euglossina distribuídos em quatro gêneros nas três áreas amostradas e novamente El. nigrita se mostrou mais abundante. Eucaliptol e vanilina foram as essências mais atrativas para os machos de abelhas Euglossina capturados neste estudo. Assim adicionamos resultados importantes sobre a fauna de Euglossina na região do Pantanal, um bioma muito pouco inventariado. The Euglossina subtribe has extensive neotropical distribution, occurring in different vegetation types. Males of Euglossina are the only pollinators of some orchids. Little is known about the diversity of Euglossina occupying areas of the Brazilian Pantanal. Thus, this study aimed to obtain information on the composition and diversity of this group of bees in three regions of Mato Grosso do Sul Pantanal, Brazil. The results allowed the construction of two manuscripts entitled "Seasonality of Euglossina of males in the Municipal Natural Park Piraputangas" and "The community of Euglossina males comparing three regions of South matogrossense wetlands." Samples were collected in three areas of study: Municipal Natural Park Piraputangas, the Pantanal Research Base and Panorama Farm in Aquidauana. In the first chapter the samplings were made in Piruputangas Municipal Natural Park every month for a year and in the second chapter the three areas were sampled in intensive collecting six weeks. All sampling was performed between 7:00 am and 4:00 pm. For the sampling we use traps loaded individually with essences of eugenol, benzyl acetate, escatol, eucalyptol, vanillin, benzyl benzoate, methyl cinnamate and beta-ionone. In assessing the diversity of Euglossina bees, it was evidenced the composition and degree of diversity present in the surveyed areas of the Pantanal. In the first study, we attracted to the bait 469 males Euglossina of nine species of Euglossina from four genera, Eulaema nigrita being the most abundant. In the second study it was recorded a total of 1409 individuals of eight species of Euglossina from four genera in the three areas sampled and again El. nigrita was the most abundant and E. marcii the least abundant species. The most attractive essence in this study were eucalyptol and vanillin. The present study added important information about Euglossina fauna in the Brazilian Pantanal, a very little inventoried biome.
- Published
- 2016
18. Structure and dynamics of populations of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766) (Rodentia) in two urban areas in the north of Paraná, Brazil
- Author
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Silva, Camila Ferreira da, Oliveira, Edson Fontes de, Goulart, Erivelto, and Prates, Kátia Valéria Marques Cardoso
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Capivara ,Animais - Populações ,Animal ecology ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA [CNPQ] ,Ecologia animal ,Animal populations ,Capybara - Abstract
Fundação Boticário; CAPES O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ecologia populacional de Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766) em duas áreas urbanas no norte do Paraná, uma aberta e outra protegida, avaliando os efeitos desses dois diferentes tipos de ambientes sobre a estrutura e dinâmica da população e suas implicações para conservação da espécie. Os monitoramentos das populações foram realizados mensalmente no período entre junho de 2014 e março de 2015 no Parque Lago Jaboti (Apucarana/PR) e na Unidade de Conservação Parque Arthur Thomas (Londrina/PR). Para realização do levantamento de dados populacionais foi empregada a metodologia de censos totais (contagem direta de indivíduos). Foram avaliados parâmetros ecológicos das populações de capivaras, tais como, densidade ecológica, abundância, distribuição etária e taxa de natalidade, assim como, realizada a análise da paisagem. Foi aplicada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA), para testar as diferenças entre as médias da abundância de cada faixa etária por ano de observação, bem como as diferenças entre as médias da densidade ecológica ao longo dos anos de observação. O padrão de relação entre as classes de uso e ocupação do solo na paisagem e os parâmetros ecológicos das populações de capivaras foi avaliado pela Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). A tendência de variação das abundâncias médias ao longo do tempo para o Parque Arthur Thomas revelou queda abrupta da população em curto período de tempo (2014 16±9, 14 e 2015 7±1), assim como a densidade ecológica em 2015 (0,05 ind./ha). Por outro lado, o Parque Lago Jaboti, apresentou aumento da abundância absoluta, com recuperação marcante da população no mesmo período (2014 38±8,30 e 2015 45±1,73) e chegando com uma densidade ecológica em 2015 de (2 ind./ha). A taxa de natalidade encontrada para o Parque Lago Jaboti foi superior à do Parque Arthur Thomas, que apresentou taxa negativa entre 2012 e 2015. A análise do uso e ocupação do solo demonstrou diferenças expressivas do ponto de vista da contribuição relativa dos elementos da paisagem na heterogeneidade espacial. O Parque Arthur Thomas apresentou áreas de vegetação densa e de zona urbana relativamente superiores àquelas verificadas no Parque Lago Jaboti que revelou proporções relativamente maiores das áreas de agricultura/campo e solo exposto. Dessa forma, o presente estudo revelou que a estrutura populacional local está diretamente relacionada às características espaciais de ambas as paisagens estudadas, como pode ser observado pela maior abundância e densidade verificada no Parque Lago Jaboti em comparação com Parque Arthur Thomas nos últimos anos de estudo. This study aimed to evaluate the population ecology of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766) in two urban areas in the north of Paraná, an open and other protected by assessing the effects of these two different types of environments on the structure and dynamics of the population and its implications for conservation of the species. The monitoring of the populations were performed monthly between June 2014 and March 2015 in Jaboti Lake Park (Apucarana / PR) and Conservation Unit Parque Arthur Thomas (Londrina / PR). To conduct the survey population data was used the methodology of total census (direct counting of individuals).They were evaluated ecological parameters of the populations of capybaras, such as ecological density, abundance, age distribution and birth rate, as well as performed the analysis of the landscape. It was applied to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the differences between the averages of the abundance of each age group per year of observation, as well as the differences between the average ecological density over the years of observation. The standard relationship between the use of classes and land use in the landscape and the ecological parameters of the capybara populations was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The trend of variation of average abundance over time to Thomas Arthur Park revealed abrupt decrease of the population in a short period of time (2014 16 ± 9, 14 ± 1 and 2015 7±1) as well as ecological density in 2015 (0.05 ind./ha). On the other hand, the Jaboti Lake Park, showed an increase in absolute abundance, with marked recovery of the population in the same period (2014 38±8,30 and 2015 45±1,73) and coming up with an ecological density in 2015 (2 ind ./ha). The birth rate found Lake Park Jaboti was superior to Arthur Thomas Park, which had a negative rate between 2012 and 2015. The use and land cover analysis showed significant differences from the point of view of the relative contribution of landscape elements in the spatial heterogeneity. Arthur Thomas Park shows areas of dense vegetation and urban areas relatively higher than those observed in Jaboti Lake Park that revealed relatively higher proportions of the areas of agriculture / field and exposed soil. Thus, the present study revealed that the local population structure is directly related to the spatial characteristics of both studied landscapes, as can be seen by the greater abundance and density seen in Jaboti Lake Park compared to Arthur Thomas Park in recent years of study.
- Published
- 2015
19. Abelhas meliponina, silveira et al. 2012 (hymenoptera, apidae, apini) do pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul
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Campos, Monique Eriane Cavalcanti and Silva, William Marcos
- Subjects
Population Biology ,Animais - populações ,Animal Populations ,Biodiversity Conservation ,Biodiversidade - conservação ,Bees ,Abelhas ,População Biológica - Abstract
Para grande parte dos polinizadores, e principalmente para abelhas sem ferrão, sua reprodução só ocorrerá se houver condições para o sucesso da nidificação, o que é ameaçado pela crescente devastação de hábitats naturais. No Pantanal, onde mais de 40% dos habitats de florestas e savanas foram alterados pela pecuária, levantamentos biológicos são importantes para subsidiar programas de manejo e conservação. No entanto, poucos levantamentos da comunidade de abelhas foram feitos, o que evidencia a carência de estudos para o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, que concentra grande parte da extensão pantaneira. O presente estudo contribuiu para o maior conhecimento da composição e diversidade faunística de abelhas sem ferrão no Pantanal, bem como revelou sua relação à ecologia da paisagem, ressaltando o uso de sensoriamento remoto como uma ferramenta útil a programas de conservação de abelhas sem ferrão. Foram estudadas três diferentes áreas dentro deste bioma, nas quais foram feitas coletadas com diferentes tipos de metodologia. O esforço amostrou 181 indivíduos, 122 nas flores, 19 na entrada de seus ninhos, 13 em armadilha de interceptação de voo, 12 em armadilhas de essências odoríferas e 12 atraídas pelo suor ou coletadas ao acaso. As três áreas de estudo mostraram diferenças em relação a composição de espécies, diversidade e abundância, sendo que maior diversidade de espécies foi encontrada na região que apresentou maior biomassa vegetal, evidenciando uma tendência de aumento de diversidade quanto mais densa for a região amostral. O estudo identificou 22 espécies de abelhas sem ferrão nas áreas de estudo, sendo o gênero Trigona mais abundante. Todos os métodos utilizados foram capazes de amostrar abelhas do grupo de estudos, evidenciando que para levantamentos faunísticos deste grupo de abelhas é importante o uso de vários tipos de metodologias de coleta. Os dados gerados neste trabalho são relevantes, pois além de acrescentar informações para o conhecimento da biota de abelhas do Pantanal, contribui para o entendimento da comunidade destas abelhas neste importante Bioma, e reforça a necessidade de preservação das paisagens florestais para a manutenção deste importante grupo de polinizadores. ABSTRACT - Pollinators reproduction are directed related to habitat optimal conditions as nesting place availability and plants sources as pollen and nectar. However, devastation of natural habitats directly affects pollinator’s success, and many species can be extinct before been recognized as pollinator for a specific region. In the Pantanal wetlands, biological surveys are of major interest to support conservation and management programs, as this biome has more than 40% of its extension suffering by human interference. Herein, we contribute with new data for increase knowledge about stingless bee fauna in Mato Grosso do Sul State, and provide evidence to the use of two methodologies: stingless bee’s survey and remote sensing in order to study habitat degradation and natural alterations. We studied three different Pantanal regions, and collected 181 stingless bee specimens from 22 species using three different methodologies. The work suggested that stingless bee survey requires more than a single collection methodology to capture bees, since all three methodologies used were effective. Diversity and species compositions showed to have differences in the three areas, and data corroborates the fact that higher vegetation mass contributed to stingless bees diversity. The use of stingless bee survey and remote sensing could be a new approach to study habitats alteration as was proposed, and be useful as a tool to studied Pantanal and pollinator conservation over the years.
- Published
- 2015
20. Comunidade de morcegos (Mammalia) em fragmento de Mata Atlântica de Sergipe : estrutura da comunidade e atividade temporal
- Author
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Brito, Daniela de Vasconcelos and Bocchiglieri, Adriana
- Subjects
Atividade temporal ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Comunidades animais ,Populações de animais ,Ecologia animal ,Morcegos ,Animal populations ,Comportamento animal ,Animal ecology ,Mata Atlântica ,Chiroptera ,Bats ,Mata Atlântica (Brazil) ,Animal behavior - Abstract
The fragmentation of the landscape provides, among others, the occurrence of edge habitats, implying different responses of bats in this condition. We aimed in this study to analyze the community structure of bats in edge and interior of forest environments and to characterize the activity of frugivorous species in an Atlantic Forest fragment of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. The study was done at Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco (RVSMJ), municipality of Capela. The sampling occurred between November 2012 and October 2013, with monthly samples in the edge and inside the forest in two areas for three consecutive nights in each area between 1800 to 2400 p.m., using ten mist nets. With a sampling effort of 116,640 h.m² we captured 96 bats belonging to 12 species, of which Lophostoma brasiliense and Micronycteris schmidtorum represent new records to the RVSMJ and Atlantic Forest area in Sergipe. The parameters of richness, abundance and diversity did not show differences between the edge and interior. However the species composition differed between these environments and the bats had different edge-sensitivity, indicating that bats are affected by the formation of edge in the locality. Regarding the activity, the species were already active in the first hour of sampling and remained in continuous activity during the sample period. There was a high temporal overlap in activity between A. lituratus and D. cinerea (Øjk = 0,813) and between C. perspicillata and D. cinerea (Øjk = 0,734). The temporal activity pattern of the bat community at the RVSMJ showed relatively common characteristics to the activity of fruit bats, but the absence of differences between schedules and between species activities can be a reflex of the small sample size. A fragmentação da paisagem proporciona, entre outros, a ocorrência de borda nos habitats, inferindo em respostas diferenciadas dos morcegos a essa condição. O presente estudo analisou a estrutura da comunidade de morcegos em ambientes de borda e interior e caracterizou a atividade das espécies frugívoras em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica de Sergipe, no nordeste brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado no Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco (RVSMJ), município de Capela. As coletas ocorreram entre novembro de 2012 a outubro de 2013, sendo amostrados mensalmente a borda e o interior da mata em duas áreas na localidade, durante três noites consecutivas em cada área entre as 18:00 e 24:00 hs, utilizando-se dez redes de neblina. Com um esforço amostral de 116.640 h.m² foram capturados 96 morcegos pertencentes a 12 espécies, das quais Lophostoma brasiliense e Micronycteris schmidtorum correspondem a novos registros para o RVSMJ e para área de Mata Atlântica em Sergipe. Os parâmetros de riqueza, abundância e diversidade não exibiram diferenças entre a borda e o interior. No entanto, a composição de espécies diferiu entre esses ambientes e os representantes deste grupo apresentaram distintas sensibilidades à borda, indicando que os morcegos são afetados pela formação de bordas na localidade. Com relação à atividade, as espécies foram ativas já na primeira hora de coleta e permaneceram com a atividade contínua durante o período amostrado. Houve uma alta sobreposição no padrão de atividade entre A. lituratus e D. cinerea (Øjk = 0,813) e entre C. perspicillata e D. cinerea (Øjk = 0,734). O padrão de atividade da quiropterofauna do RVSMJ apresentou características relativamente comuns à relatada para morcegos frugívoros, porém a ausência de diferenças entre os horários e entre a atividade das espécies pode ser reflexo do baixo número amostral.
- Published
- 2014
21. Mamíferos de médio e grande porte em uma área de Caatinga de Sergipe e o nicho ecológico de Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus 1766)
- Author
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Dias, Douglas de Matos and Bocchiglieri, Adriana
- Subjects
Mammals ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Mamíferos ,Cerdocyon thous ,Animal ecology ,Comunidade de mamíferos ,Ecologia animal ,Animal populations ,Caatinga - Abstract
There are few studies on the mammalian fauna of the Caatinga s, with most of the first studies focuses on species richness, distribution and foraging ecology. In the state of Sergipe, northeast Brazil, the Caatinga s biome is fragmented and the knowledge of medium and large sized mammals is limited, with most of the information based mainly on inventories. Being so, this work, developed in an area of Caatinga in Sergipe, characterized the community of medium and large sized mammals focused on the richness and habitat use. Besides it evaluated the influence of the seasons on the number of species and records, and the ecological niche of the Cerdocyon thous canid. The study was conducted at the Monumento Natural Grota do Angico (MNGA), an area of 2,138 ha located between the cities of Poço Redondo and Canindé de São Francisco. Samples were taken in three habitats of the MNGA: riparian vegetation, grota and a woody shrubs caatinga s forest. The methodology used included sand plot and camera traps. Samplings were carried between November 2012 and November 2013 in monthly campaigns of 8 days. Ten species of mammals were registered through 571 records, 454 obtained by sand plots and 117 by photos; the order Carnivora being the most representative in the area. Three species were occasionally recorded out of standardized sampling: Lontra longicaudis, Euphractus sexcinctus e Dasypus sp. There were no seasonal difference in the number of records and richness. Kerodon rupestris and small cats differed in terms of habitat use: The first one being more found in the and a grotto, as the second was more found in the riparian vegetation. Overall, the community consists of species habitat generalist. The reduced size of MNGA and the degree of degradation of their environment, caused by the removal of native vegetation for agricultural practice, may have contributed to the low richness observed. Cerdocyon thous showed higher values of frequency of occurrence in the three sampled habitats (Fxy > 0.23) demonstrating its ability to adapt to various habitats. As for the trophic niche, the C. thous diet was classified as omnivorous, with a predominance of arthropods and fruit, vertebrates being consumed on a smaller scale. Even though many items were consumed by the C. thous (N = 32), it focus its diet on a few items, resulting in a low niche breadth value. This specie was constantly active during the night, with few daytime records and was completely inactive between 09:00 to 16:00 h. Existem poucos estudos sobre a mastofauna da Caatinga, sendo que os primeiros realizados no bioma resultaram em informações sobre riqueza, distribuição e ecologia alimentar de algumas espécies. Em Sergipe, no nordeste brasileiro, esse bioma encontra-se fragmentado e o conhecimento sobre a mastofauna de médio e grande é limitado, com informações baseadas principalmente em inventários. Assim, este trabalho caracterizou, em uma área de Caatinga em Sergipe, a comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte quanto à riqueza e uso do habitat, além de avaliar a influência da sazonalidade no número de registros e espécies e o nicho ecológico do canídeo Cerdocyon thous. O estudo foi realizado no Monumento Natural Grota do Angico (MNGA), uma área de 2.138 ha localizada entre os municípios de Poço Redondo e Canindé de São Francisco. As amostragens foram realizadas em três habitats do MNGA: caatinga arbustiva arbórea, grota e mata ciliar. A metodologia utilizada incluiu parcelas de areia e armadilhas fotográficas e as amostragens foram realizadas entre novembro de 2012 a novembro de 2013 em campanhas mensais de oito dias consecutivos. Foram registradas dez espécies de mamíferos através de 571 registros, sendo 454 obtidos nas parcelas de areia e 117 fotografias; sendo a ordem Carnivora a mais representativa na área. Três espécies foram registradas ocasionalmente fora das amostragens padronizadas: Lontra longicaudis, Euphractus sexcinctus e Dasypus sp. Não houve diferença sazonal para o número de registros e riqueza. Kerodon rupestris e pequenos felinos diferiram quanto ao uso do habitat: o primeiro esteve mais relacionado à grota e o segundo a mata ciliar. No geral, a comunidade é constituída de espécies habitat generalista e o tamanho reduzido do MNGA e o grau de degradação do seu entorno, resultante da supressão da vegetação nativa para a prática agrícola, podem ter contribuído para a baixa riqueza observada. Cerdocyon thous apresentou valores mais elevados de frequência de ocorrência nos três habitats amostrados (Fxy > 0.23), demonstrando a sua capacidade de adaptação a vários habitats. Com relação ao nicho trófico, sua dieta foi classificada como onívora, predominando o consumo de artrópodes e frutos, sendo vertebrados consumidos em menor escala. Embora tenha consumido muitos itens (N = 32), C. thous concentra sua dieta em poucos itens, resultando em um valor baixo de amplitude de nicho. Essa espécie esteve constantemente ativa durante o período noturno, com poucos registros diurnos e estando inativa entre as 09:00-16:00 h.
- Published
- 2014
22. Desempenho produtivo, rendimento de carcaça e bem-estar animal em frangos de corte de diferentes linhagens e densidades de alojamento
- Author
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Arruda, João Nelson Tolfo and Mendes, Angélica Signor
- Subjects
Aviários ,Quality of life ,Qualidade de vida ,Animais - Populações ,Aves - Criação ,Aviculture ,Animal populations ,Aviaries - Abstract
A avicultura é uma das atividades de produção animal que mais se desenvolveram nos últimos anos. Neste contexto, o Brasil encontra-se em posição privilegiada, sendo o terceiro maior produtor e o principal exportador de carne de frango do mundo. Com esta enorme expansão e também com o crescente aumento dos custos de produção têm se observado, já há algum tempo, um grande interesse pelo aumento do número de aves por m², proporcionando assim uma otimização da produção por área. Porém, estudos mostram que altas densidades levam a um ambiente desfavorável às aves, gerando estresse e causando um declínio nos índices produtivos, como conversão alimentar, consumo de ração e ganho de peso diário. Por outro lado, na maioria das vezes, proporciona uma maior rentabilidade ao produtor devido a uma maior produção de carne por unidade de área. O aumento da densidade de alojamento leva a uma queda no grau de bem-estar das aves, podendo ser observado nestes animais problemas ao caminhar, aumento dos índices de dermatites de contato, artrites, escoriações e feridas de pele, que levam a condenações de carcaças. Também, devido ao estresse, podem-se ocasionar alterações fisiológicas como aumento no nível sérico de proteínas, glicose e triglicerídeos, com variação na relação heterófios: linfócitos. Em vista disso e com a introdução de novas linhagens comerciais no mercado avícola, torna-se necessário para a indústria e o produtor, definir características e limites de produção, pois as linhagens podem apresentar diferentes respostas em relação ao ambiente em que são submetidas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar em um primeiro momento através de uma revisão bibliográfica o efeito de altas densidades de alojamento sobre o desempenho zootécnico, bem-estar animal, rendimento e qualidade de carcaça em frangos de corte. O segundo objetivo do trabalho é elaborar um capítulo com um artigo intitulado: “Efeito da densidade populacional sobre o desempenho zootécnico, bem-estar animal, rendimento e qualidade de carcaça em frangos de corte de diferentes linhagens comerciais." The poultry industry is one of the activities of livestock that have developed over the past years. In this context, Brazil is in a unique position, being the third largest producer and largest exporter of chicken meat in the world. With this massive expansion and also with the increasing costs of production have been observed for some time, a great interest in increasing the number of birds per m², providing an optimization of production by area. However, studies show that high densities lead to an unfavorable environment for the birds, causing stress and causing a decline in production indices, such as feed conversion, feed intake and daily weight gain. Moreover, in most cases, provide greater economy to the grower because of a higher meat production per unit area. Increased housing density leads to a decrease in the level of welfare of the birds can be observed in these animals when walking problems, increased rates of contact dermatitis, arthritis, bruises and wounds of the skin, leading to condemnation of carcasses. Also, due to stress, can cause physiological changes such as an increase in serum protein, glucose, and triglycerides with variation in the heterófios: lymphocytes. In view of this and the introduction of new strains in commercial poultry market, it becomes necessary for industry and producer, defining features and limits production because the lines may have different responses to the environment in which they are subjected. In this context, this work aims to address at first through a literature review of the effect of high housing densities on live performance, animal welfare, performance and carcass quality in broilers. The second objective is to develop a chapter with an article entitled: "Effect of population density on live performance, animal welfare, performance and carcass quality in broilers of different commercial strains."
- Published
- 2013
23. Computational modeling of a marine organism
- Author
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Doce, Ana Paula Camardella Rio, Almeida, Regina Célia Cerqueira de, Costa, Michel Iskin da Silveira, Loula, Abimael Fernando Dourado, Malta, Sandra Mara Cardoso, Struchiner, Cláudio José, and Coutinho, Ricardo
- Subjects
Peixe - Populações ,Finite element methods ,Animais - Populações ,Fish populations ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA DE ECOSSISTEMAS [CNPQ] ,Animal populations ,Método dos elementos finitos - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:51:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-anariodoce.pdf: 2089941 bytes, checksum: e12d7ae40046ae6cfc796af142908753 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-19 Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Most marine benthic invertebrates have a complex life cycle in which the adult phase is preceded by a planktonic larval phase. The passive nature of larval dispersal of these species results in a larval transport governed by hydrodynamic processes like advection and eddy diffusion. The recruitment depends on a variety of physical and biological factors, which include spawning, larval dispersal and survival, larval settlement, metamorphosis, post-settlement events, inter-specific and intra-specific competitions. In order to assess interactions between oceanographic and biological processes that determine the population dynamics of marine organisms with a sessile adult phase restricted to the coastline and a planktonic larval phase, we develop a stage-structured finite element model for the barnacle Balanus glandula that inhabits the rocky intertidal zone of central California, USA. As the larval dispersal depends on knowing the flow pattern, we also develop a numerical procedure to couple physical and biological models in a very simple way when the velocity flow field is known of some discrete points of the domain of interest and at a given time. We investigate the effects of different flow patterns and velocity speeds on the abundance and the distribution of this organism as well as the influence of other abiotic interactions such as temperature and habitat quality. The interplay of different intra- and inter-specific competitions is also addressed. A maioria das espécies marinhas possui um ciclo de vida complexo em que a fase adulta é precedida por uma fase larval pelágica. Os adultos produzem larvas que são soltas na coluna d'água onde elas são influenciadas por processos hidrodinâmicos como advecção e difusão turbulenta. Para os organismos que na maturidade são fixos a um substrato, como as cracas em particular, estudos mostram que estes processos podem afetar diretamente o assentamento das larvas e a dinâmica das populações de adultos. Neste trabalho apresentamos um modelo em Elementos Finitos que permite estudar as interações entre os processos biológicos e oceanográficos na dinâmica de um organismo marinho (craca Balanus glandula) com uma fase adulta séssil restrita à linha costeira e uma fase larval planctônica. Alguns cenários são investigados no estudo da variação, ao longo do tempo e do espaço, do número de indivíduos e da distribuição desta população, com o objetivo de entender, explicar e predizer como os fatores abióticos e bióticos afetam tais variações. O modelo considerou a dinâmica da população estágio-estruturada tanto de uma única espécie quanto de duas espécies, diferentes padrões idealizados de correntes marinhas, qualidade do habitat, influência da temperatura e reconstrução do campo de velocidades a partir de dados locais.
- Published
- 2008
24. Dinâmica populacional canina no Município de Ibiúna-SP: estudo retrospectivo
- Author
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Soto, Francisco Rafael Martins, Ferreira, Fernando, Pinheiro, Sônia Regina, Nogari, Fernanda, Risseto, Marcia Regina, Souza, Osana de, and Amaku, Marcos
- Subjects
Dogs ,Populações animais ,Cães ,Euthanasia ,Animal population control ,Animal populations ,Controle populacional de animais ,Eutanásia - Abstract
In this study, we estimated parameters related to the dog population dynamics in Ibiúna, a town in the state of São Paulo, regarding household, sheltered and euthanized dogs, in the period from 1998 to 2002. Sheltered and euthanized dogs data were obtained from Ibiúna Zoonosis Department records, and also from household dogs population census, through surveys conducted using a questionnaire to interview household members, during rabies vaccination campaigns. Both the number of sheltered and euthanized dogs increased progressively in the studied period. The values for the human to dog mean ratio were 3.16:1, 7.67:1, and 3.91:1 for the rural area, the urban area, and the whole town, respectively, with predominance of male (70.10%) and mixed breed (80.71%) dogs, in the household dog population. A 16.69% mean annual rate of increase was observed for the dog population, and most of the dogs lived in the rural area (82.93%). Euthanasia and sheltering of dogs did not show to be effective, in the way they were applied, as methods of dog population control in Ibiúna. The dog population parameters estimated in this study will help the health authorities from Ibiúna to design control programmes for both dog population and zoonosis. The results observed call our attention to some aspects related to responsible ownership and to the importance of the animal owner's role for the solution of the abandoned dogs problem. Foram estimados, neste estudo, parâmetros relacionados à dinâmica populacional canina no Município de Ibiúna, Estado de São Paulo, para animais domiciliados, recolhidos e eutanasiados, no período de 1998 a 2002. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de fichas de cães recolhidos e eutanasiados junto ao Departamento de Zoonoses do município e também através de censos da população canina domiciliada, com levantamentos feitos casa a casa, durante as campanhas anti-rábicas. Foi observado um aumento progressivo tanto do número de cães recolhidos quanto do número de cães eutanasiados. Os valores para a razão habitante/cão média no período foram 3,16:1, 7,67:1, e 3,91:1 para a zona rural, urbana e o município todo, respectivamente, com predominância de cães machos (70,10%) e sem raça definida (80,71%), na população canina domiciliada. O crescimento anual médio da população canina domiciliada foi de 16,69%, e a maioria dos cães encontrava-se na zona rural (82,93%). A eutanásia e o recolhimento de cães não se mostraram efetivos, nos moldes em que foram aplicados, como mecanismos de controle populacional canino em Ibiúna. Os parâmetros da população canina estimados neste estudo servirão de auxílio para a elaboração de programas de controle tanto da população canina quanto de zoonoses, neste município. Os resultados observados chamam a atenção para aspectos relacionados à posse responsável, e sobre a importância do papel dos proprietários de animais na solução do problema do abandono de cães.
- Published
- 2006
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