Search

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Para garantir a segurança do alimento, abatedouros- frigoríficos de aves seguem protocolos rígidos para evitar a contaminação por bactérias deteriorantes e patogênicas. Entretanto, Salmonella Heidelberg permanece como um problema de saúde pública, uma vez que é capaz de produzir biofilme e sobreviver em superfícies abióticas por longos períodos de tempo. Existe uma necessidade mundial para a identificação de compostos naturais que sejam capazes de remover e de prevenir a formação de biofilmes em superfícies de contato com alimentos. A água eletroquimicamente ativada (ECAW) é uma alternativa potencial aos desinfetantes químicos utilizados contra patógenos de alimentos. A atividade antibiofilme da ECAW já foi demonstrada em aço inoxidável e no polietileno, mas não em superfícies de poliestireno. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antibiofilme de ECAW contra os biofilmes de S. Heidelberg em superfícies de poliestireno e comparar com um desinfetante de amplo espectro, um detergente alcalino e um detergente ácido. Todos os produtos foram testados em três concentrações para determinar a atividade antibiofilme de ECAW contra os biofilmes de S. Heidelberg em superfícies de poliestireno a 25°C e a 37°C. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em triplicatas. A ECAW foi efetiva em 56% na capacidade de remoção dos biofilmes de S. Heidelberg formados em superfícies de poliestireno, sendo observada influência do tempo de contato, concentração do produto e temperatura. Em relação à prevenção da formação dos biofilmes, ECAW foi efetiva em 54% e apresentou resultados similares ou superiores ao desinfetante e aos detergentes avaliados. Os resultados encontrados in vitro demonstram que ECAW é efetiva na remoção e na prevenção de biofilmes de S. Heidelberg em superfícies de poliestireno. Ademais, confirmam o seu potencial para ser utilizada como uma alternativa na cadeia de produção de alimentos.

Anatomical descriptions of partridges’ air sacs of the species Rhynchotus rufescens are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the air sacs of this species. Ten cadaveric specimens of adult partridges, approximately 1 year old, were collected, and latex perfusion was used to solidify the material. The cervical air sac of a red-winged tinamou is smaller and has a more irregular conformation than other air sacs. The thoracic air sacs are symmetrical, and the cranial thoracic air sacs are smaller than the caudal ones. The abdominal air sacs are asymmetrical, and the largest ones extend themselves to the cloaca. Only one clavicular air sac was found, with three subdivisions: right, left, and medial. Additionally, right and left extrathoracic portions were found, passing under the clavicle. In one of the animals, the latexfilled humeri were found, and in three other ribs, vertebral diverticula were present. There is no clear relationship between taxonomy and biology versus the quantity and conformation of air sacs, because different animals with taxonomic proximity present differences. This study enhances species-specific anatomical knowledge of this species of partridge.

Choline is an important nutrient for broiler chickens and plays several important roles in their metabolism. In recent years, there has been an observed increase in the utilization of plantderived products rich in choline to meet the nutritional requirements of poultry. Given its relevance, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with two vegetable sources of phosphatidylcholine on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Twelve hundred broiler chicks were distributed among five experimental treatments, as follows: Basal diet (BD)- diet without choline supplementation; BD + Biocholine (218, 197, and 143 mg/kg of diet, respectively); BD + Biocholine DS1 (146, 131, and 96 mg/kg of diets, respectively); BD + Biocholine DS2 (109, 98, and 72 mg/kg of diets, respectively); BD + Biocholine DS3 (87, 79, and 57 mg/kg of diets, respectively). The five experimental treatments were composed of twelve replications and twenty birds each. A significant improvement (P < 0.05) in feed conversion was observed in animals supplemented with Biocholine and Biocholine DS during the 1 to 21-day phase. However, no improvement were noted in the other evaluated parameters (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with plant sources of phosphatidylcholine improves feed conversion in broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age, however, it does not have any effect on the carcass characteristics of the animals.

El control biológico por conservación (CBC) ofrece un camino prometedor para las nuevas prácticas agroecológicas sostenibles que permitan hacer un uso razonable de los recursos disponibles. Estas prácticas involucran la participación de múltiples áreas del conocimiento que convergen con el fin de asegurar la coexistencia entre las actividades agropecuarias y el ecosistema que las rodea. En este escenario, los insectos cumplen un rol fundamental como principales depredadores/parasitoides de otros insectos que son plagas de cultivos. Entender las múltiples y variadas interacciones que tienen lugar en los campos de cultivo es cruciales para las investigaciones en control biológico. Esto permitiría tomar medidas de control sin descuidar el equilibrio de estos ecosistemas. Por esta razón gran parte de los esfuerzos de estas prácticas están relacionadas a la conservación y protección de los insectos. En este trabajo se busca hacer un resumen de la literatura más reciente sobre los conceptos relacionados al CBC, su implicancia económica y las proyecciones futuras.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe a new species of Didymozoidae (Trematoda) found in the mesentery of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque) off Cabo Frio, in the coastal area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thirty specimens of E. alletteratus were obtained between August 2023 and June 2024, directly from traders who sell fresh fish in markets. The parasites were fixed in AFA (93% ethanol 70%, 5% formaldehyde and 2% glacial acetic acid) with or without compression, stained with Langeron’s hydrochloric carmine, dehydrated in an alcohol series, clarified in clove oil and mounted in Canada balsam as permanent slides. The new species was assigned to the genus Lobatozoum Ishii, 1935, mainly by the presence of lobes in the posterior region of the body and by the arrangement of the testes, ovary and vitellaria. Lobatozoum woodi n. sp. differs from all congeneric species mainly by presenting three testicular tubules, by the size of pharynx, larger than the oral sucker, and by the absence of digestive glands cells in esophagus and initial portion of caeca. The finding of a new species of Lobatozoum represents the eleventh valid species in the genus.

ABSTRACT Antimicrobials are pivotal in treating bacterial infections. More often than any other class of antimicrobial, antibiotics are a class of antimicrobials used primarily to treat bacterial infections. Thus, both human health and life longevity, as well as the welfare of animals, have greatly improved with the development of antibiotics as a means of treating infectious diseases. Dairy farming is essential to satisfying the world's demand for dairy products. Nevertheless, improper use of antibiotics in dairy farming contributes greatly to the formation of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the resulting antimicrobial resistance can be transferred to humans by consuming contaminated dairy products. Therefore, the scientific community has been intensively studying the relationship between dairy farming and antimicrobial resistance since 1983. And, due to the increasing awareness of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, studies on antimicrobial resistance in dairy farming have rapidly increased 89 times in the last twenty years. Today, the development of antimicrobial resistance in dairy farming is among the trending research topics. For this purpose, this study is the first bibliometric approach that aims to guide future studies by revealing all aspects of the studies on this subject between 1983 and 2023.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la anatomía cuali-cuantitativa de la madera de cuatro materiales genéticos de Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae), que se cultivan en Concordia y asociar los caracteres xilológicos, en forma teórica, con la resistencia diferencial frente a heladas. Se analizaron los dos parentales: EG-INTA-36 (clon de E. grandis) y E. camaldulensis (proveniente de semilla) y dos de sus clones híbridos: GC-INTA-24 y GC-INTA-27. Los materiales presentaron diferencias cualitativas en el tipo de disposición diagonal, el tipo y cantidad de parénquima y el ancho de los radios; pero no en porosidad, placas de perforación, punteaduras radio-vaso, grosor de paredes y contorno de fibras, y composición de los radios. El análisis cuantitativo mostró que el parental E. camaldulensis presenta más semejanzas con el híbrido GC-INTA-24, y el parental EG-INTA-36 más semejanzas con hibrido GC-INTA-27. Las características de menor diámetro de vasos y su mayor frecuencia, la mayor proporción de parénquima axial, el mayor espesor de las paredes de las fibras y el menor valor de índice de vulnerabilidad presentadas por el clon GC-INTA-24, serían indicadores anatómicos de mayor tolerancia a las heladas. GC-INTA-27 sería más propenso a cavitar bajo condiciones de frio por su mayor índice de vulnerabilidad, pero en condiciones libres de estrés presentaría mayor crecimiento asociado a un mayor diámetro medio y menor frecuencia de vasos. Ambos híbridos presentarían caracteres superadores frente al estrés ocurrido por las heladas respecto de su parental más vulnerable (E. grandis).

Soil correction and fertilization are important in the formation of pastures, but many producers neglect them or use ineffective alternatives. Slow-release fertilizers may harm the establishment of forage plants, as this is a crucial moment during the pasture formation stage. The objective was to evaluate establishment fertilization strategies on the morphogenic, structural characteristics and productivity of Xaraés grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés). To this end, two experimental trials were conducted in a greenhouse, both under a completely randomized design. In the first, three establishment fertilization strategies were tested (strategy 1: without lime/NPK; strategy 2: lime + NPK; strategy 3: natural reactive phosphate), with six replications. In the second, a 3 × 10 factorial scheme was used, corresponding to the three establishment fertilization strategies and 10 evaluation dates (32, 39, 46, 53, 60, 67, 74, 81, 88, and 95 days) after emergence. of plants (DAE). In experiment 1 the morphogenic characteristics of the plant were evaluated, in the second the structure and dry mass production of the aerial part and roots of Xaraés grass were evaluated Higher (P

Abstract The aim of this study was to detect trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma vivax, in blood smears, DNA of T. vivax and anti-T. vivax antibodies in samples from buffalos reared in the lowlands of Maranhão, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 116 buffalos and 25 ectoparasite specimens. Blood smears were produced to diagnose forms compatible with Trypanosoma spp.; the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and lateral-flow immunochromatography (Imunotest®) serological tests were used; and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to make molecular diagnoses. No forms compatible with Trypanosoma spp. were observed in blood smears. Among the 116 serum samples analyzed, 79.31% and 76.72% were positive in the ELISA and rapid tests, respectively. One sample was positive in the molecular test. Twenty-five lice of the species Haematopinus tuberculatus were collected. When subjected to PCR for detection of DNA of T. vivax, all of them were negative. The louse specimens were negative for T. vivax. There were no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the presence of T. vivax in this region, in relation to the animals’ age and sex. It can be concluded that these protozoa are circulating in the buffalo herd of the lowlands of Maranhão displaying crypitc parasitemias.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to determine the influence of heat stress, using the temperature-humidity index (THI), on the production and quality of native sperm of bulls. The effect of heat stress on the quantity of semen (mL), density of ejaculate (number of spermatozoa, 106/mL), gross sperm motility (1-5), number of frozen doses, and motility after freezing was analysed in 1,017 sperm samples taken from 32 Holstein-Friesian bulls, in the 2017-2019 period, at the Centre for Reproduction and Embryo Transfer in Serbia. The lowest amount of ejaculate (4.18±1.95 mL) and the lowest density of ejaculate (1,189.19±668.23 × 106/mL) were recorded under conditions of very strong heat stress on the day of semen collection. The level of heat stress measured on the day of semen collection did not affect sperm gross motility, number of frozen doses, and motility after freezing. The level of heat stress at the beginning of spermatogenesis, measured 60 days before semen collection, did not affect the amount of ejaculate and motility of spermatozoa after freezing, but at very strong stress, the lowest density of ejaculate (1,170.34±680.27 × 106/mL) and gross motility of spermatozoa were found (2.91±0.96). The lowest number of doses per ejaculate was recorded in conditions of moderate heat stress (396.6±157.71). Bulls older than 36 months had the best results according to all tested parameters of native sperm production and quality. The year in which the bulls produced semen did not affect density of ejaculate and sperm motility. The season of semen collection did not significantly affect the production and quality of native sperm, due to the practice of exploiting only bulls with the best sperm quality during the summer.

ABSTRACT Our objective was to compare performance and carcass characteristics of backgrounding steers grazing poor quality pasture, receiving energy or protein supplements during summer, and on subsequent finishing period. Sixty Hereford steers (14 months; 348±33 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 20 per treatment): control (non-supplemented) and supplemented at 0.8% BW with whole grain of corn (CS) or lupin bean (LS) (phase I; 77 days). Over the following 84 days, none of the steers had access to supplement (phase II). During phases I and II, steers grazed together endophyte-infected tall fescue. In the last phase (phase III; 176 days), and until slaughter, steers grazed lucerne and orchard grass and were supplemented at 0.8% BW with high-moisture sorghum grain. Data were evaluated as a complete block randomized design with three treatments. Intake of supplement in CS and LS groups was 1.9 and 2.4 kg DM/d, respectively. Steers supplemented with lupin showed an improvement in the supplement conversion efficiency (5.7:1 vs. 10.0:1). At the end of phase I, BW and average daily gain were different between groups (LS > CS > control). Final body weight in phase II was greater in supplemented steers than in control steers. At slaughter, supplemented groups had greater hot carcass weight than the control group. The advantage obtained by supplementing steers with lupin, compared with corn, was lost in the subsequent phases, as reflected by the absence of differences in carcass weight. Our data illustrate that in similar scenario, energy supplementation is adequate and there is not any extra benefit of adding protein by the use of lupins when considering cattle management and economic factors.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance and the nutritional metabolic condition of ewes supplemented at different stages of gestation in a synchronized reproduction system. Fourty Santa Inês × Dorper crossbreed ewes, pregnant with an average age of ten months and two previous births, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments: mineral salt, supplementation started 20 days before the estrus synchronization (ES) protocol, supplementation from confirmation of pregnancy (60 days after ES), and supplementation in the final third of gestation (90 days after ES). The adoption of supplementation strategies during the beginning, middle, or end of pregnancy changed the intake and digestibility of dry matter (g/day), with a reduction of 10.53 and 9.14%, respectively, for the mineral salt treatment, in addition to organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates, ether extract, and total digestible nutrients, as well as protein, energy, and mineral profiles. There was no difference in the number of ovulations and reproductive and productive performance using supplementation alternatives. Supplementation strategies during the gestation stages influence the intake and digestibility of nutrients, as well as the animal metabolic profiles. However, it does not change reproductive and productive performance.

ABSTRACT The objective was to verify the existence of lineages in the Mangalarga Marchador breed using microsatellites and to phenotypically characterize the lineages found using linear morphometric measurements taken at the time the animals were registered to be used as a tool for selecting individuals according to each breeder’s selection objective. The genotyping database contained 255,257 Mangalarga Marchador horses born between 2005 and 2021. In addition, a database was used with pedigree information on 622,299 animals born between 1952 and 2020 and a database of phenotypes assessed at the time of definitive registration of these animals, containing 303,248 animals born between 1950 and 2018. The databases used came from the Associação Brasileira dos Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador. To verify the existence of genetic differences according to the lineages of the breed, a discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and the Kruskall Wallis test were carried out to perform phenotypic characterization to compare the means of the morphometric measurements, both using the R software. The DAPC analysis showed the genetic differentiation of the Angaí and Herdade lineages in relation to the others. The Herdade lineage showed greater phenotypic differentiation when compared with the three separate genetic groups in this study, demonstrating that the animals of this lineage are smaller and more gathered and have higher scores for gait and morphology. When compared to the historically described Mangalarga Marchador lineages, the breed does not have so many genetic groups, separating it into just three groups (Angaí, Herdade, and General), and when compared to phenotypic characteristics, only the Herdade lineage stood out.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the occurrence of mycotoxins in wet brewers’ grains (WBG) treated with salt (sodium chloride) and the intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen use efficiency in lamb diets. Two experiments were conducted: first, WBG was distributed in plastic boxes and treated with no additive (control), sodium formate (3 g/kg of WBG), or three levels of salt—25, 30, and 35 g/kg of WBG. The WBG were stored at room temperature (17.7±4.6 ℃) for 27 days. In the second experiment, eight six-month-old male lambs were allotted to one of four total mixed ration (TMR) diets in a 4 × 4 double Latin square: 0, 10, 20, and 30% of WBG replacing corn silage and soybean meal. In the first experiment, the concentration of mycotoxins throughout the experiment was lower than the tolerance levels accepted by the European Community and Food and Drug Administration for animal feedstuffs. However, the control and sodium formate groups showed visual fungal development on the WBG surface from the sixth day and presented an unpleasant smell from day 12. In the salt treatments, fungal growth was observed on top of the WBG from day 12 and an unpleasant smell from day 15. Salt-treated WBG showed a lower pH than the control and sodium formate groups and decreased dry matter deterioration. In the second experiment, including up to 30% WBG in the TMR did not affect dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber intake or digestibility in lambs. However, the N digestibility and N use efficiency increased with WBG inclusion. These results suggest that salt can be used to increase the storage time of WBG up to 15 days and the inclusion of up to 30% WBG in TMR for lambs can improve N use efficiency without negatively affecting nutrient intake and digestibility.

The rapid diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (BT) allows official surveillance institutions to act in areas that could be potential hotspots for the spread of the disease. The study aimed to identify the Mycobacterium bovis agent by multiplex PCR of isolated colonies. Through the official inspection service (Federal/State), samples suggestive of BT were collected during the post-mortem inspection of bovine carcasses in slaughterhouses and sent to the laboratory for complementary diagnostics. The samples were analyzed using bacteriological culture and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. In isolates characterized as Acid-Alcohol Resistant Bacilli (BAAR), the multiplex PCR technique confirmed the agent Mycobacterium bovis. Nine hundred ninety-one thousand three hundred sixteen cattle carcasses were inspected, collecting 32 BT-suggestive samples in from animalsfrom 30 municipalities. Of these, 28.1% (9/32) showed growth on bacteriological culture media with BAAR. The BAAR isolates submitted to multiplex PCR confirmed the presence of M. bovis. The multiplex PCR technique associated with bacteriological examination and applied to post-mortem findings enabled the diagnosis of M. bovis in the municipalities sampled in the Bahia state.

ABSTRACT The objective was to explore publications on the effects of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) in livestock farming. The dataset used for this analysis came from the Web of Science (WOS) database, and the search was carried out from the first article identified in the WOS database until the search date (August 17, 2023). A set of minimum parameters was defined, and then the data was processed using the VOSviewer® software. To generate visual representations in VOSviewer, fractional counting was used, in which the contribution of each article is divided proportionally based on the number of co-authors. Consequently, if an article has three authors, the weight of each author is calculated as 1/3. Brazil and the United States lead research on GEI, while India, China, and Uruguay are emerging countries on the subject. The most cited journals on GEI include the Journal of Animal Science, Journal of Dairy Science, Animal, Livestock Science, Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, and Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. In Brazil, the research groups are at the forefront of publications related to GEI. Ongoing climate changes over the years have likely led to further investigations into this matter. In the Brazilian context, research groups from the São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - Jaboticabal, and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at the University of São Paulo (FZEA/USP, Campus Pirassununga) have played a prominent role in advancing this area of study. Furthermore, our bibliometric analysis revealed future trends in GEI publications, including an increasing integration of genomic information into research.

ABSTRACT We evaluated the reproductive losses in three periods: period I - starting from the time the cows were exposed to the bulls to pregnancy diagnoses (PD, number of cows diagnosed as non-pregnant/total exposed cows × 100); period II - from the time of PD to calving (number of calving cows/number of cows diagnosed as pregnant × 100); and period III - from calving to weaning (number of weaned calves/number of calving cows × 100) in purebred Hereford (HH) and Angus (AA) cows and their crosses in beef cows under extensive production systems. Likewise, the effect of parity (nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous) and the interaction between both factors were studied. A thirteen-year data set (2505 record) of an experimental breeding herd, maintained in an extensive production system based on natural grassland, was used. The dataset was under a complete diallel design between HH and AA breeds. Both the genetic group and parity of the cow affected the reproductive losses, but only in period I. No interaction was found. Purebred cows had higher reproductive losses than the crossbred cows, without differences between the purebred (HH and AA) or between the crossbred (AH and HA). The greatest losses were observed rather in primiparous than in nulliparous and multiparous cows without difference between the latter two. The use of crossbred cows in extensive production systems is an alternative to reduce reproductive losses and to increase calf harvest.

Este trabalho objetivou estimar a exigência nutricional de triptofano digestível para codornas japonesas na fase inicial de postura, além de verificar seus efeitos sobre a qualidade dos ovos, o peso dos órgãos, a contagem diferencial leucocitária e a relação heterófilo:linfócito. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, apresentando cinco tratamentos (0,14; 0,19; 0,24; 0,29 e 0,34%) e cinco repetições, resultando em 25 unidades experimentais, com 12 codornas por unidade experimental, totalizando 300 aves no período de 42 a 126 dias de idade. Considerando os resultados, estimou-se o nível de 0,14% de triptofano digestível para a fase de postura. O peso de oviduto apresentou efeito quadrático, possibilitando estimar as exigências de 0,24% de triptofano digestível. Os heterófilos e basófilos apresentaram efeito linear decrescente, os linfócitos e monócitos efeito linear crescente e para a relação heterófilo:linfócito foi observado efeito quadrático, possibilitando estimar as exigências de 0,31% de triptofano digestív. No entanto, para esta fase (63 a 126 dias de idade), com base no desempenho, o nível de 0,14% de triptofano digestível foi o mais indicado, relação triptofano:lisina digestível de 13% e consumo de 34,67 mg / ave/ dia de triptofano digestível. Desta forma, a redução do nível de triptofano na dieta convencional não afetará o desempenho das aves.

El calafate (Berberis microphylla G.Forst.) es un arbusto nativo ampliamente distribuido en la Patagonia. Produce frutos comestibles con excelentes propiedades nutricionales y alta capacidad antioxidante. La cosecha de frutos de poblaciones silvestres sin buenas prácticas supone riesgos de sobreexplotación y degradación del recurso. Para lograr su uso sostenible abordamos el cultivo y la domesticación. Durante dos años de viverización evaluamos el efecto de la fertilización sólida inorgánica en la supervivencia, morfología y estado nutricional de plantines propagados de semillas. Aplicamos 4 niveles de fertilización T1) sin fertilizante; T2) una dosis de nitrato de amonio; T3) una dosis de triple 15; T4) dos dosis de triple 15, separadas 30 días entre sí. El primer año la dosis fue 1 g y el segundo 2 g por envase. El experimento se dispuso en 5 bloques, 10 plantines por tratamiento y bloque, en el vivero de CIEFAP-Esquel. La supervivencia fue del 100%. El primer año el aporte de fertilizante incrementó la altura del vástago, diámetro de cuello y emisión de ramas. El segundo año el tamaño de los plantines fertilizados fue 41,3 cm de largo de vástago y 8,7 mm de diámetro de cuello. Sin diferencias significativas, T3 presentó valores más elevados en los parámetros medidos, destacándose la biomasa aérea (12,7 g) y radical (10,5 g). Se determinó mayor concentración de N total foliar en T2 y T4. Los parámetros morfológicos y de nutrición cuantificados son una referencia para definir índices de calidad de plantines de calafate producidos en viveros de la región.

Abstract Wild animals and domestic dogs living in human dwellings near forested areas can share ectoparasites, including ticks. In this study, we surveyed ticks associated with dogs which tutors living in the Palmares Environmental Protection Area (EPA Palmares). Dogs were classified into three categories, domiciled, semi-domiciled and wandering dogs according to dog care/ type of dwelling. Ticks were collected monthly from January to December, 2020. Overall, 60 (33.9%) out of 177 examined dogs were infested by ticks. Six species of ticks were identified: Rhipicephalus linnaei, Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma dubitatum and Rhipicephalus microplus. The overall prevalence and presence in semi-domicilied+wandering dogs was higher for A. aureolatum than for R. linnaei by the Chi-square statistic tests. A random sample of 50 ticks, collected from 22 different dogs, were processed through molecular analyses. Ticks were submitted to DNA extraction and also by PCR, using specific primers in order to pathogens monitoring. Four males of A. aureolatum yielded DNA sequences (350 bp) that were 100% identical to the type strain of Rickettsia bellii in GenBank (CP000087).

Abstract Myxozoa is a class of the Phylum Cnidaria made up of endoparasites from aquatic habitats. The genus Ceratomyxa preferentially infects marine fish, with the gallbladder being the main site parasitized. This study aimed to describe a new species of Ceratomyxa found in this organ in Boulengerella cuvieri using morphological, morphometric characterization and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA gene sequences. Specimens of B. cuvieri were collected, anesthetized, desensitized and biometric measurements were performed. The organs were analyzed under a stereomicroscope and fragments of internal organs were extracted for light microscopy analysis, preserved in 80% ethanol for 18S rDNA gene analysis and fixed in Davidson solution for histological processing. Free spores of Ceratomyxa were observed in the gallbladder, in plasmodia with wave-like movements, with the following dimensions: spore width (24.5 ± 0.4) µm, spore length (5.2 ± 0.3) µm, polar capsule width (1.8 ± 0.2) µm, polar capsule length (2.1 ± 0.3) µm, number of polar tubule turns (4-5) and 100% prevalence. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Ceratomyxa matosi n. sp. is a new species, grouped with other freshwater Ceratomyxa species from the Amazon, representing the second description of species of this genus in the state of Amapá.

Abstract Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis are diseases associated with economic losses; ticks and blood-sucking flies are important zoonotic vectors and reservoirs. This study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-Babesia spp. and anti-Anaplasma marginale antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in ruminants at the Catimbau National Park. Blood samples were collected from 119 sheep, 119 goats, and 47 cattle. Rhipicephalus microplus ticks were collected from cattle. ELISA showed seropositivity of 34% (16/47), 20.3% (24/119), and 16% (19/119) for anti-Babesia bovis; 34% (16/47), 15.2% (18/119), and 9% (7/119) for anti-Babesia bigemina; and 34% (16/47), 35.6% (42/119), and 17% (20/119) for anti-A. marginale antibodies in cattle, goats, and sheep, respectively. The information collected using an epidemiological questionnaire showed that mostly are breed in a semi-intensive system, with access to Caatinga vegetation. The circulation of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and A. marginale was confirmed. Thus, based on the prevalence, this suggests this is an enzootic instability area and is prone to outbreaks.

Abstract This study provides the first report of metazoan parasites in Crenicichla strigata. From 31 hosts caught in the Jari River basin, in the eastern Amazon region of Brazil, a total of 1454 parasites were collected: Sciadicleithrum araguariensis, Sciadicleithrum joanae, Sciadicleithrum satanopercae, Posthodiplostomum sp., Genarchella genarchella, Contracaecum sp., Spirocamallanus peraccuratus, Acarina gen. sp. and Dolops geayi. However, the community was dominated by the three species of Sciadicleithrum (Monogenea) and there was similar presence of parasites in the larval and adult stages. The total prevalence was 100% and each of the hosts was parasitized by two or three species, which presented random dispersion. Brillouin diversity, parasite species richness, Berger-Parker dominance index and evenness were low. There was positive correlation between the abundance of Posthodiplostomum sp. the hosts’ length, while the abundance of S. peraccuratus showed negative correlation with the body weight of fish. The abundance of S. araguariensis, S. joanae and S. satanopercae showed negative correlation with the hosts’ length. The parasite community of C. strigata was characterized by low diversity, low richness, low intensity and low abundance of species.

Abstract The Amazon is the largest river basin in the world and it is home to the greatest diversity of freshwater fish in the world. Mesonauta festivus is a cichlid popularly known as flag cichlid, widely distributed throughout South America. The diversity of parasites in fish from the Amazon region is still underestimated, due to the high fishes diversity. The Myxozoa class has a universal distribution, with some specimens being pathogenic to some fish. The aim of this work was to describe a new species of Hoferellus in M. festivus. The fish were collected in the lake region, municipality of Tartarugalzinho, in the state of Amapá, Brazil. The new species was found parasitizing the urinary bladder of M. festivus. Spores were 11.5 ±1.1 (10.4-12.6) µm long and 10.9 ±1 (9.9-11.9) µm wide, and polar capsules were equally sized, measuring 4.9 ±0.5 (4.4-5.4) µm long and 3.4 ±0.9 (2.5-4.3) µm wide, with a pyriform shape, convergent with the apical region of the spore. The polar filament was wound with 5 to 6 turns. Morphological, morphometric, molecular and phylogenetic analysis proved that it is a new species of Hoferellus in the Amazon region.

Abstract This article reports on a golden-billed saltator Saltator aurantiirostris Vieillot, 1817, kept in captivity outside its natural distribution area, in the proximities of the Itatiaia National Park, as a new host for Isospora similisi Coelho, Berto, Neves, Oliveira, Flausino & Lopes, 2013. Additionally, a supplementary molecular identification is provided through the sequencing of three non-overlapping loci of mitochondrial DNA and one locus of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S) gene. All the taxonomic features of the I. similisi oocysts shed by S. aurantiirostris were equivalent to those originally described from Saltator similis d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837. The new sequenced loci were identical, or showed 99.9% similarity, to the samples of I. similisi from S. similis and S. aurantiirostris, confirming the same species from both hosts. Lastly, I. similisi is estimated as a junior synonym of Isospora formarum McQuistion & Capparella, 1992, due to the morphological similarities and wide distribution of its hosts in the Neotropical region. Therefore, this study encourages future taxonomic inquiries into I. similisi collected from other Saltator spp. in order to establish this synonymization of I. formarum with I. similisi, and hence, its wide distribution and dispersion in the Neotropical region, including across the Andes mountains.

Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in ruminants slaughtered at the abattoir in district Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was determined to be 72.92% based on faecal examination. Among the ruminant species, goats exhibited a significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence of parasitic infection (78.63%) compared to cattle, buffalo, and sheep. Additionally, female ruminants showed a significantly higher (P

Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de três soluções otológicas a base de extratos vegetais e adjuvantes no tratamento da otite externa canina. Foram desenvolvidas três diferentes soluções oto lógicas 1003 composta por extratos etanólicos de Triticum aestivum, Bixa orellana e Tris-EDTA,1004 composta por extratos etanólicos de Triticum aestivum, Bixa orellana e n-acetilcisteína, 1005 composta por Triticum aestivum, Bixa orellana, n-acetilcisteína e Tris-EDTA, como grupo controle foi utilizado pro duto comercial. Para o estudo foram selecionados 64 cães diagnosticados com otite externa, os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos e todos os animais foram tratados durante sete dias. Durante o exame otológico realizado nos dias D0, D3 e D7, foram considerados os sinais clínicos de otalgia, prurido, odor, eritema e quantidade de cerúmen. Foram coletadas amostras para cultura bacteriana, fúngica e citologia antes e após os tratamentos. Após a avaliação, cada sinal clínico recebeu uma pontuação em escore de 0 a 3, o qual 0 era considerado ausente e 3 a forma mais grave de aparecimento, a partir desta pontuação foi gerado um somatório por animal e por grupo durante cada dia de avaliação. No final do tratamento, todos compostos avaliados foram eficazes para a redução dos sinais clínicos e microrganismos envolvidos em casos de otite externa canina.

A mensuração da densiometria mineral óssea (DMO) trata-se de um método de análise para auxiliar a identificação de alterações do tecido ósseo, como a osteoporose. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o índice de correlação entre a densiometria óssea radiográfica a partir da utilização de escalímetros de alumínio 6063 e 6351 ABNT. Dessa forma, a quantificação da matéria mineral óssea neste trabalho foi realizada com cinco radiografias simples digitais de cinco ossos secos (rádios) de cães hígidos, adultos, machos e fêmeas, juntamente com as escalas de referência em alumínio. Estas radiografias foram digitalizadas e analisadas através do programa ImageJ versão 1.54f, no qual compara tonalidades de cinza da epífise ultra distal do rádio com a intensidade de pixel da escala, tendo valores expressos em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl). O estudo demonstrou que à medida que a espessura da peça anatômica aumentava, a densidade e absorção da radiação também aumenta vam. Observou-se correlação perfeita (r = 0,9999 com p < 0,01) entre os valores dos dois escalímetros, o que torna possível a utilização da liga de alumínio 6351 e 6063 como referenciais densitométricos para a determinação da densidade mineral óssea radiográfica (DMOR).

In Brazil, equine infectious anemia (EIA) infection is widespread in various regions, with variable prevalence levels. The objective of this work was to determine the epidemiological characteristics that could contribute to its dissemination on the western border of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To accomplish this, an epidemiological questionnaire was administered to equine owners who had experienced EIA-positive animals on their properties from 2009 to 2019. The interviewees were contacted via phone calls, and the questions aimed to identify patterns among properties, on animal management, health, and owner’s knowledge about the infection. The primary information was acquired from the data of the Official Veterinary Service (OVS) through data compilation and tabulation of the official forms. Additionally, the same questionnaire was applied to properties without records of the infection, as control. The results were analyzed using forward logistic regression to explore potential risk associations. Out of a total of 123 focal properties, 28 interviews were completed, six were interrupted or declined, 55 did not respond to phone calls, and 34 had outdated contact information. Among the 30 control properties, 15 agreed to participate in the survey. The results suggest that breeding, management, and sanitary control practices are Similar between focal and control properties. Only two related risk factors could be distinguished for properties that have never engaged in these practices, which were animal transit outside the property and contact with other horses. In addition, it was observed that the official register is outdated for a significant number of properties.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro fermentation products, digestibility, gas production (GP) kinetics, and enteric greenhouse emissions (CH4 and CO2) of substrates with different forage:concentrate ratios (100F, grass hay only; 100C, concentrate mixture only, and mixture, an equal proportion of them) within non-woven fabric (NWT; 100 g/m2) or F57 (Ankom®) filter bags compared to directly dispersed in the medium (DIS), arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Substrates (0.5 g) were incubated using an AnkomRF GP System. Gas samples were collected during 24 and 48 h of incubation. We observed substrate × dispersion method interactions on GP at 48 h (GP48) and on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The GP48 and IVOMD of the 100C substrate were greatest in DIS, intermediate in NWT, and least in F57. With mixture substrate, there were no differences in GP48 and IVOMD between DIS and NWT, but they were greater than in F57. The GP48 and IVOMD were greater in NWT than in DIS and F57 when 100F was incubated. There were no dispersion method × substrate interactions on molar proportions and total volatile fatty acids. With the increase in forage:concentrate ratio incubated, there was a linear decrease in CH4 and CO2 emission relative to organic matter digested. Overall, CH4 and CO2 emissions and digestibility were lower when substrates were incubated within filter bags. The noteworthy interaction between the incubation method and substrates indicates that the ranking of these variables for substrates with differing fermentabilities changes with the dispersion method employed.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two maturity stages of whole-plant corn at harvest (32.1 or 42.5% dry matter (DM)) and a commercial microbial inoculant composed of L. buchneri and L. plantarum at concentration of 110,000 CFU/g of fresh forage (1.1 × 105 CFU/g FF) on fermentation losses, aerobic stability, chemical composition, and digestibility of starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). A factorial and randomized design was used (two DM contents, both with or without inoculant), with five replicates per treatment. Dry matter at harvest affected most variables, except lignin, NDF digestibility, ethanol, and lactic and acetic acids. Drier silages differed in total DM losses (−1.7%) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population (+1.2 log CFU/g). The use of the inoculant affected the levels of ether extract (+0.27% DM), starch (+2.9% DM), and lignin (−0.17% DM). The LAB (+1.6 log CFU/g) and yeast (−2.82% log CFU/g) populations were also influenced, as well as aerobic stability at six days. The inoculant × DM interaction was observed in the water-soluble carbohydrates content, being higher in silages with 32.1% DM and in those not inoculated for both DM. Crude protein was also higher in these silages, whether inoculated or not. Wetter silages were more prone to gas losses when inoculated (+2.5% DM) and lost more effluent when not inoculated (+4.82 kg/t FF). However, total DM losses during aerobic stability were on average 10.58% DM lower in these silages, with inoculation being preferred (6.72% DM vs 11.60% DM (control)). Under these conditions, harvesting corn for silage at 42.5% DM is indicated to obtain a more energetic silage, as noted both in the increased starch content and the reduced losses associated with fermentation.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to explore methods for producing forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) cv. Belomonte seedlings and their introduction into an established pasture with Tamani grass. The experiment was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, seedlings were generated from stolons with three treatments: stolons produced in water; stolons produced in nutrient solution; and stolons produced with commercial substrate. The treatment with commercial substrate did not produce sufficient seedlings for the second phase of the experiment and was, therefore, discontinued. In the second phase, the seedlings were planted in an established pasture of BRS Tamani grass. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three treatments: peanut seedlings produced in water, peanut seedlings produced in nutrient solution, and raw stolon. The variables evaluated included seedling survival rate and the survival and development of the different types of rooted forage peanut seedlings at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after planting. Stolon survival rate exceeded 70% for the treatments using pure water and nutrient solution. The average stolon length and the number of leaves per plant were greater for the treatment using the nutrient solution. At the end of the experiment, there was no significant difference in the number of live plants. Forage peanut seedlings can be produced using a nutrient solution for broadleaf plants or simply with water, indicating easy production. Pre-rooting the seedlings in a nutrient solution for broadleaf plants favors the growth of stolons and leaves.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of lime essential oil as a substitute for synthetic preservatives in beef sausage, considering consumer demand for healthy meat products produced with natural ingredients. Lime peel essential oil (LEO) was obtained by hydrodistillation and subjected to an evaluation of antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion and microdilution method. Its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Three sausage formulations were developed in this study: the first without preservatives (LC), the second with synthetic preservatives (L1), and the third containing 0.5% lime essential oil (L2). Physicochemical and microbiological analyses indicated that all treatments followed current legislation, although the moisture content exceeded the maximum limit. The pH and color varied significantly during refrigerated and frozen storage, reaching stability after 20 days. lime essential oil, with D-limonene as the majority component, proved to be effective in inhibiting microbial growth at a concentration of 0.5%, preserving the physicochemical composition of the sausage. Furthermore, there is a tendency for the color to stabilize during frozen storage. Therefore, 0.5% lime essential oil is a viable and natural alternative for application in meat sausages, such as fresh sausage, and adds a different flavor and aroma to this product.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the physicochemical composition and sensory properties of Boursin cheese made from the milk of goats fed diets with increasing levels of cassava chips replacing corn. Eight lactating Alpine goats were distributed into two 4 × 4 Latin squares, where they were subjected to diets in which 0, 33, 66, and 100% of corn was replaced with cassava chips. The cheeses were prepared with individual milk of each goat for physicochemical, yield, and texture analyses. Sensory analysis consisted of flavor and texture appraisal by 50 untrained tasters, using the difference-from-control test and the acceptance test. The cheeses from the four treatments did not differ in their fat, protein, and total solid contents; acidity; moisture; ash; pH; yield; or the texture parameters of gumminess, cohesiveness, hardness, and chewiness. They also showed no difference in the sensory acceptance of flavor and texture, indicating that the panelists did not perceive the replacement of corn with cassava chips.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop and assess a deterministic mathematical model for predicting the impacts of varying sow replacement rates on the performance of farms producing weaned piglets. Initially, the influence of replacement rate on herd structure was examined using two equations, which accounted for the percentage of sows replaced (55, 45, and 35%), retention rates between parities (13, 9, and 5%), and number of last parities in the herd (6, 7, and 8). The model then estimated sow development throughout the reproductive cycle, starting with an initial weight of 140 kg at first mating and adjusting for weight gains during gestation and losses during lactation, influenced by the varying number of live-born piglets across parities. Energy requirements were calculated using the factorial method, which included maintenance, protein and fat gains, and milk production. The generated data formed various scenarios to derive productive values. These scenarios were analyzed using analysis of variance with the general linear model procedure, treating each scenario as a separate treatment. Early parities (up to P3) contributed 42% in SC-35, 51% in SC-45, and 60% in SC-55. Significant differences were noted in variables such as average parity, birth weight, feed intake during gestation, and average piglet weight gain. The developed model, incorporating replacement gilt modules, gestation, and lactation, can effectively predict herd structure by parity and assess the impact of annual sow replacement rates on the productivity of farms rearing weaned piglets.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effects of high-concentrate diets with and without the inclusion of soybean hull (SH; 0 or 500.8 g/kg) plus corn (whole or ground) on the performance, morphometric traits, and nutritional and metabolic parameters of crossbred dairy calves. We also aimed to assess the costs associated with the experimental diets employed. Thirty-six male calves with an average weight of 89±18.6 kg and age of 3.5 months were allocated to four treatments, with nine replicates of one calf/pen, in a completely randomized experimental design for 198 days. The inclusion of the SH and the physical form of corn did not influence animal performance or morphometric measurements; however, SH inclusion increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and the intakes of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, but did not affect total digestible nutrient intake. The physical form of corn did not influence nutrient intake or digestibility, which resulted in similar performance across the animals. Blood glucose levels as well as alkaline phosphatase and creatinine remained elevated regardless of the diet. The use of SH reduced the total plasma cholesterol content, and there was an interaction between the physical form of corn and SH inclusion in relation to creatinine levels, which were higher when using diets with whole corn and SH. Although the inclusion of up to 500.8 g/kg of SH in the diet reduces feed efficiency, its use decreases the cost per kilogram of weight gain. Dairy calves can exhibit satisfactory production performance when fed alternative ingredients such as whole corn or SH, which have a lower cost than ground corn, traditionally used in diet formulations.

ABSTRACT A 7-year-old quarter horse mare showed swelling of the tongue, head and neck region, dyspnea, and red urine after eight days of administration of intravenous medications by the animal's handler. The horse was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pará and, at the clinical examination, showed apathy, edema in the head, neck, and tongue region, which was slightly cyanotic and with loss of epithelium in the dorsal region. The maxillary, linguofacial and external jugular veins were bilaterally engorged, firm to palpation and with cord-shaped appearance, with extension of the head to the entrance to the thoracic cavity. Ultrasound examination showed a thrombi with a hyperechoic and heterogeneous appearance that completely obstructed the vessel. The horse died five days after entering the Hospital and at necropsy it was observed: maxillary, linguofacial and external jugular veins bilaterally filled with firm, dark red to blackish thrombi; ulcerated areas in the final third of the esophagus and the stomach; lighter areas on the surface of the kidneys and dark areas at the corticomedullary junction. Based on clinical, ultrasonographic and necropsy findings, iatrogenic thrombophlebitis was diagnosed, associated with repeated injections of drugs administered intravenously.

ABSTRACT The Samsum (black) ant, Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Formicidae; Hymenoptera) is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and it is also the most common species of the family in southern Arabia. Samsum ant is very invasive and economically damaging and has become a big problem in Saudi Arabia and other distribution countries due to their aggressive nature, severe stings, and harm to agriculture, natural ecosystems, and human health. The physicochemical properties and varied effects against insect pests make plant extracts a potential alternative in the development of pesticides. In this study, the Nerium oleander leaves extract toxicity effects against P. sennaarensis adults. Exposure of P. sennaarensis adult to the oleander leaf extracts produced 96.7% mortality in the insecticidal bioassay, especially at 40% concentration. The mortality % ranged from 3.3-96.7% after 48hrs. The mortality percentage of the Samsum ant adults decreased by increasing exposure periods. The mortality % was highly negatively correlated with exposure times (R= - 0.80 to - 0.94; P = 0001) at 40 to 10% concentrations, respectively. The overall results of the current study suggest that the leaf extract of N. oleander may possess potential insecticidal properties, which could potentially be employed in pest management. The GC-MS investigation uncovered that N. oleander leaf extracts numerous bioactive compounds associated with plant secondary metabolites with their retention time (RT), and peak area %. We conclude that the N. oleander leaf extracts have the potential to be useful in managing insect pests, particularly Samsum ants, but that they must be handled and applied with extreme caution.

ABSTRACT Hydrocephalus is an important neurological disorder rarely described in birds. The present report aims to describe a natural case of hydrocephalus in a blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva) from a conservationist breeding (Minas Gerais, Brazil), clinically affected with neurological signs. The post-mortem lesions noted were megalencephaly, distension and thinning of the skullcap, underdeveloped brain, thickening of the meninges and the presence of a large volume of approximately 10mL of clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The histopathological evaluations demonstrated discrete multifocal malacia, associated with gliosis and neuronal satellitosis in the central nervous system. The screening for viruses revealed the absence of several common etiologies, including Alphavirus (genus universal primers), avian Bornavirus, Alphaherpesvirinae (subfamily universal primers), Paramyxovirus (family universal primers), Newcastle’s disease virus (avian Orthoavulavirus 1), influenza A virus (Alphainfluenzavirus), Marek's disease virus (Mardivirus, Gallid herpesvirus 2), West Nile virus, Flavivirus (Orthoflavivirus universal primers), Apicomplexa (universal primers) and Toxoplasma gondii, all tested negative by PCR or RT-PCR. The aerobic bacteriology and mycology of the CSF did not reveal growth. The results suggest that the chronic accumulation of CSF with increased cranial pressure resulted in distension of the skull, possibly due to congenital causes of increased production, drainage or circulation.

ABSTRACT An eco-friendly method of extraction for chitin and chitosan extracted from crawfish was our goal. Chitin is always present with proteins, minerals, and other components. This study used an eco-accommodating, novel technique for chitin and chitosan extraction. Lactobacillus lactis was used for the deproteinization and demineralization of chitin in a single stage by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BB: biological-biological extraction) to convert chitin into chitosan. BB is a more environmentally friendly method of producing chitosan than deacetylation with NaOH (BC: biological-chemical extraction). Chitosan was characterized by FTIR. A high degree of deacetylation (%) was observed. The UV spectrum for chitosan was similar at 0.788, 0.415, and 1.150 for CC, BC, and BB, respectively. The results show that chitosan (BB) has potential applications in the biomedical fields such as antioxidant activity, anticancer activity against human liver cancer (HepG2), breast cancer (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCT) cell lines. The results in terms of water treatment and removal of dyes using chitosan (BB) are valuable in terms of its application in industrial wastewater treatment and demonstrate that it can be used as a biosorbent.

ABSTRACT Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters(NHPH) account for causing moderate and severe gastritis in humans. Moreover, they have already been documented in the oral cavity of feline animals. The current study aims to investigate Helicobacter spp. incidence in necropsied domestic cats from central Rio Grande do Sul. Stomach, liver, and bile samples derived from 30 cats’ cadavers were subjected to rapid urease test (RUT), histopathological analysis, PCR, and nucleotide sequencing to investigate the genetic material presence and to identify the main phylogenetic group. Based on RUT results, 64.2% and 53.5% of patients were positive for gastric body and pyloric antrum, respectively. Ten out of these 15 patients were male (70%) and the positive result observed for the pyloric antrum was associated with males. Mild histopathological changes were observed in most gastric and liver samples. Gastric samples subjected to PCR presented positive results in 60.7%, whereas liver samples accounted for positive results in 17.8% and bile samples, in 3.5% of cases. There was high nucleotide identity with NHPH species. This study has found evidence that NHPH can be found in the gastric and hepatic regions, as in the bile of domestic cats, besides emphasizing the zoonotic potential of this disease

RESUMO Foram realizados testes in vitro sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas do carrapato dos bovinos Riphicephalus (B.) microplus (AIT), para determinar a eficácia da associação do carvacrol a carrapaticida comercial. Os testes foram realizados em seis grupos experimentais, com três repetições: 1) controle (água + DMSO 10.000ppm ); 2) carvacrol 1 (Sigma-Aldrich®, EUA ) (200ppm + DMSO 10.000ppm); 3) carvacrol 2 (400ppm + DMSO 10.000ppm); 4) carrapaticida comercial (187,5ppm cypermethrin + 312,5ppm chlorpyrifos + 12,5ppm citronellal); 5) carrapaticida comercial + carvacrol 200ppm; 6) carrapaticida comercial + carvacrol 400ppm. A associação de carvacrol ao carrapaticida comercial potencializou cerca de cinco vezes a sua eficácia.

ABSTRACT Monoclonal gammopathy (MG) is rare in dogs and multiple myeloma (MM) is its main cause. This study reports the case of a female dog which presented MG associated with a MM and consequent blood hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS). Patient presented systemic hypertension, renal disease, chorioretinitis and secondary glaucoma due to HVS. Serological tests for leishmaniasis and for ehrlichiosis demonstrated negative and score 4 from 5, respectively. Non-regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increases, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, decreased urinary density, and monoclonal peak of gamma globulins were observed. First myelogram identified 81% of medullary plasmacytosis which suggested MM. Plasmapheresis and chemotherapy with melphalan and prednisolone were performed with positive results. The treatment was effective with complete remission of HVS signs, medullary plasmocytosis reduction (21,8%) and malignant criteria decrease, as well as neoplastic control.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the impact of various conservation methods on water uptake, nutritional, and microbiological content in intact or cut carcasses from broiler managed to Amazon environmental conditions. The experiment involved 48 carcasses, employing a randomized block design with a factorial scheme (2x3) based on carcass processing (intact or cut) and conservation methods (freezing, on ice, or chilling). Chilled storage led to significantly higher (p

RESUMO Presença do parvovírus suíno (PPV), parvovírus canino (CPV) e parvovírus felino (FPV) em amostras de água em áreas rurais da Bacia do Rio dos Sinos, sul do Brasil, entre 2015 e 2017, foi investigada. A metodologia empregada foi a coleta de água superficial e subterrânea, utilizando-se a técnica de PCR para detecção do genoma viral, sequenciamento para caracterização molecular e isolamento em cultivo celular para análise de infectividade viral nas amostras positivas na PCR. Foi analisado um total de 183 amostras de água, e o genoma do PPV foi detectado em uma única amostra. Até onde se sabe, esta é a primeira descrição da presença do genoma do PPV em matrizes ambientais no Brasil. Os resultados deste estudo destacam os desafios na biosseguridade, no monitoramento e na gestão hídrica em áreas rurais produtivas.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to diagnose the causative agent of carp (Cyprinidae) mortality in an artificial lake used for recreation in Jaraguá do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, in February 2018. The fish showed symptoms, including skin ulceration, hemorrhages on the surface of the body, loss of scale and increased mucus production. Through the proteomic profile, using the MALDI-TOF technique, three bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas veronii, A. hydrophila and Citrobacter freundii. In addition, in the mucus scraping, a large number of the ectoparasite Argulus was observed. A blood collection was carried out to verify the hematological indices of the animals and a decrease in the the hematocrit value, erythrocyte count, and differential leukocyte count was observed. These findings indicate that Argulus infection increases the carp’s susceptibility to bacterial diseases and contributes to the suppression of the innate immune system and consequent increase in mortality.

ABSTRACT Fish, like all other species, can be impacted by a variety of environmental conditions, including parasitic infections. Although there are several parasitological researche on ectoparasitic monogeneans, few are published on those that infect sparid fish. Forty samples of Acanthopagrus bifasciatus were collected during this study from coastal regions along the Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia). Gills from all fish were isolated and examined to identify monogeneans. The parasites were studied morphologically using light microscopy. Overall prevalence and mean intensity were 20% and 9, respectively. Eight out of 40 (20%) fish samples were found to be naturally infected with a monogenetic species, namely, Bivagina pagrosomi (Murray, 1931) Dillon and Hargis, 1965 belonging to Microcotylidae (order Mazocraeidea). This parasite is characterized by the presence of haptor provided 43-47 clamps of microcotylid-type that deeply penetrated the gill lamellae and caused severe pathological impacts including hyperplasia, telangiectasis, and deformity of the respiratory epithelial cells Our finding indicates that this is the first report of A. bifasciatus being infected with B. pagrosomi from Saudi marine waters as well as the research of its deleterious effects on its host gills. More research is needed to confirm the parasite species’ taxonomic status at the molecular level.

ABSTRACT Plasmodium species are responsible for the transmission of malaria, which is still one of the most dangerous diseases to humans in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of SB on parasitemia in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi infection. A total of 30 disease-free mice were randomly assigned to six groups. The first control non-infected group received only distilled water daily for 7 days by oral route. After being infected with 106 of P. chabaudi in the other five groups, the mice were gavaged with 0.2mL/mice of a solution containing either 25%, 50%, or 100% of SB, respectively. The fifth group orally received 10mg/ kg chloroquine phosphate (CQ). The sixth set of mice served as the infected group. Following the administration of treatments during a suppression test that lasted for five days, a daily examination of blood smears stained with Giemsa was performed. Sheep bile was able to decrease parasitemia nearly to the used reference drug, chloroquine. In addition, bile significantly decreased the diarrhea rate of infection in mice, the survival rate of mice, the parasitemia percentage, and the suppression ratio. The parasite's caused histological change was enhanced by the SB. After treatment, there was also a rise in the amounts of the liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Findings indicate that bile has antimalarial activity and can control parasitemia percentage and parasite suppression. We need further investigations to determine the mechanisms of action of the bile in vivo.