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Objective: To determine the patients’ management pattern for restorative treatment procedures at the Restorative Dentistry Clinic at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). Material and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study design was employed to determine patients’ management patterns for the restorative treatment procedures at the Restorative Dentistry Clinic at LASUTH. Treatment records of patients who attended the Restorative Clinic at the Lagos State University Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed; the effective treatments during the period under review were recorded as treatment procedures and were recorded as operative, endodontic, fixed prosthodontics, and removable procedures. Results: A total of 14,437 (75%) operative; 1,353 (7.0%) endodontic; and 559 (2.9%) fixed prosthodontics and 2,852 (14.9%) removable prosthodontic procedures were carried out during the period under review. This study showed that operative procedures were the most performed restorative procedures, whereas removable prosthodontics and endodontic procedures ranked second and third, respectively, to operative procedures. Fixed prosthodontics procedures were the least performed restorative procedures. Conclusion: This study showed that more efforts were being expended by dentists on operative services compared to endodontic, removable, and fixed prosthodontics services combined. Comprehensive studies, embracing all disciplines of dentistry, should be carried out to determine the level of demand and clinical relevance of procedures in clinical dental practice and hence to set specific and general objectives of dental education for the populace. Access to dental health Insurance services should also be increased in the country.

The increasing urbanization being experienced in African countries exacerbates their current housing needs and tenure insecurity. Despite the strictness of the formal land market in Ibadan, Nigeria, urban residents find it easier to access land from informal land market in the city, which results in incremental housing development. Based on the Self-help Theory, the study examined the contribution of tenure insecurity to the development of incremental housing in peri-urban Ibadan. A cross-sectional research design (relying on quantitative and qualitative data) was employed in the study. A total of 248 heads of household were selected from six Local Government Areas of Ibadan and each one of them was administered a structured questionnaire. Ethical protocols were followed and informed consent was obtained. The study revealed that the majority of these incremental developers was illiterate. Factors that accounted for the incremental development included fear of eviction (which is associated with tenure insecurity), high rent costs and lack of funds (as associated with income poverty). The study recommended enhancing access to secure land titles as this has multiplier-effects on housing.

Formar novos médicos de família é um desafio em qualquer cenário e muitas variáveis podem influenciar o sucesso ou o fracasso de um programa de residência. Este artigo é o resultado final de um trabalho colaborativo iniciado em junho de 2019, na Conferência Regional WONCA África em Kampala, Uganda, durante um workshop liderado pelo Centro Besrour do Colégio Canadense de Medicina de Família. Apresentamos aqui a perspectiva de um pequeno grupo de jovens médicos de família africanos sobre a experiência de ser residente em medicina de família na África em 2019, esperando que a imagem que representamos aqui ajude a promover as melhorias necessárias nos programas de residência na África em um futuro próximo.

The purpose of this study is to examine some factors (Academic self-efficacy, motivation, Locus of control and gender) associated with academic dishonesty. 250 participants of both genders (76% men and 24 % women) from 17 to 21 years old were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were the General self-efficacy scale, the academic motivation scale, the locus of academic control scale and the academic dishonesty scale. The correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and t-tests were carried out. Academic self-efficacy, locus of control and motivation related to academic dishonesty. There was a gender difference on academic self-efficacy, locus of control and academic dishonesty. The results and implications are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Objetivo Explorar o itinerário terapêutico na busca de cuidados para crianças com deficiências físicas pelos cuidadores. Métodos Um plano qualitativo descritivo que recrutou nove cuidadores de crianças com deficiência física, com consentimento, que frequentavam um Hospital Universitário Nigeriano. Foi utilizado um guia de entrevista semi-estruturado para coletar dados sobre o itinerário terapêutico, que foi definido como os caminhos percorridos pelos indivíduos para resolver o seu problema de saúde. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas literalmente. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a análise do conteúdo temático. Resultados os temas emergentes revelaram que os cuidadores iniciaram o itinerário terapêutico para os respetivos filhos após a observação de quaisquer deficiências que vão para além de doenças casuais. A falta de capacidade dos hospitais privados, que servem como ponto inicial de entrada na busca de cuidados, encorajou a procura por cuidados nos hospitais públicos, lares espirituais, e clínicas tradicionais. A entrada na fisioterapia dependia de auto-referências, referências por parentes e médicos. Cuidar de crianças com deficiência física prejudicou de modo significativo a vida social, as finanças, o trabalho do cuidador; e expectativas não alcançadas de que a criança melhorasse o mais cedo possível encorajaram um pluralismo contínuo. Conclusão e implicações para a prática O fato de ter crianças com deficiências e de ter havido atraso nos progressos levou os cuidadores a práticas múltiplas e complexas na busca de cuidados de saúde.

This essay, which is part three (3) of the report on the formulation of Yorùbá phonology terms from their English counterparts, discusses English phonology terms for letters P, Q, and R and the Yorùbá counterparts, totaling ninety-one (91) terms numbered from 187 to 278.[1] Preceding letters A to O have been discussed in part one and part two of this report, numbers 1 to 104, letters A to G, and numbers 105 to 186, letters H to O, respectively. In this report, we compiled these terms in English, alphabetically arranged, from letter P to letter R, and developed their Yorùbá equivalents. In doing this, we extracted these phonology terms from three phonology textbooks and two specialized/technical dictionaries on linguistics and phonology. We employed the Information Processing Model (IPM) framework. Some of the terms developed are palatalization, ìso̩dàfàjàpè, paragoge ìfìró-bò̩parí, parasitic harmony àǹkóò àfòmó̩, parse ìpínsífó̩rán-ìhun, partial overlapping ìwo̩nú-ara e̩lé̩be̩, phonaestheme fóníìmù-àyo̩túnyo̩, phonemic overlapping ìpòórá fóníìmù, phonological phrase boundary ààlà àpólà fonó̩ló̩jì, phonological prime fó̩nrán-akérépin fonó̩ló̩jì, quantity-sensitive feet è̩wo̩n-atéńté aníwò̩n-agbe̩gé̩, recessive vowel fáwè̩lì àdínkù, redundancy rule òfin aléélè̩ [1] See Yoruba – The Journal of Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria, Volume 12:1, January 2023 and Volume 12:2, June 2023 for the first 2 of the four-part essays.

The study examined the effect of cloud accounting characteristics on the performance of listed food and beverage companies in Nigeria. Cloud accounting characteristics were proxied by the Cost of Software (COSW), Cost of Risk (CORSK), and Cost of Training (COTR), while Return on Equity (ROE) and Market Value (MKV) were used to measure performance. The population of the study comprises all twenty-three (23) food and beverage companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) as of December 31, 2021. A purposeful sampling technique was used to choose ten (10) foods and beverages, with secondary data needed for the study of ten (10) years (2012–2021). The study employed the multiple regression analysis technique. The findings revealed that COSW had a negative and significant effect on ROE and MKV. However, COTR has a positive and significant influence on ROE and MKV. The study concluded that COSW and COTR have a significant effect on the performance of food and beverage companies in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommended that food and beverage companies in Nigeria should ensure mechanisms to regulate the cost of training to enjoy the maximum benefit of cloud accounting.

Resumo Fundamento Os bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina (BRA) e os inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina (IECA) aumentam a expressão de ACE2, que é um receptor para entrada de SARS-CoV-2 nas células. Embora as evidências sugiram que os IECA/BRA são seguros entre a população geral com COVID-19, sua segurança em pacientes com hipertensão relacionada ao sobrepeso/obesidade merece uma avaliação mais aprofundada. Objetivo Avaliamos a associação entre o uso de IECA/BRA e a gravidade da COVID-19 em pacientes com hipertensão relacionada ao sobrepeso/obesidade. Métodos O presente estudo incluiu 439 pacientes adultos com sobrepeso/obesidade (índice de massa corporal ≥ 25 kg/m2) e hipertensão, diagnosticados com COVID-19 e internados no University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinic entre 1º de março e 7 de dezembro de 2020. Foram avaliadas a mortalidade e a gravidade da COVID-19 com base no tempo de internação hospitalar, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva, uso de oxigênio suplementar, ventilação mecânica e uso de vasopressores. A regressão logística multivariável foi usada para examinar as associações do uso de IECA/BRA com a mortalidade e outros marcadores de gravidade de COVID-19, com um alfa bilateral definido em 0,05. Resultados A exposição aos BRA (n = 91) e IECA (n = 149) antes da hospitalização foi significativamente associada a menor mortalidade ( odds ratio [OR] = 0,362, intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95% 0,149 a 0,880, p = 0,025) e menor tempo de internação hospitalar (IC 95% −0,217 a −0,025, p = 0,015). Adicionalmente, os pacientes em uso de IECA/BRA apresentaram uma tendência não significativa de menor internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (OR = 0,727, IC 95% 0,485 a 1,090, p = 0,123), uso de oxigênio suplementar (OR = 0,929, IC 95% 0,608 a 1,421,p = 0,734), ventilação mecânica (OR = 0,728, IC 95% 0,457 a 1,161, p = 0,182) e vasopressores (OR = 0,677, IC 95% 0,430 a 1,067, p = 0,093). Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que pacientes internados com COVID-19 e hipertensão relacionada ao sobrepeso/obesidade que receberam IECA/BRA antes da internação apresentam menor mortalidade e COVID-19 menos grave do que aqueles que não estavam tomando IECA/BRA. Os resultados também sugerem que a exposição aos IECA/BRA pode proteger pacientes com hipertensão relacionada ao sobrepeso/obesidade de COVID-19 grave e morte.

The killing and burning of witches in contemporary era seem to be unabated. The contemporary minds have not succeeded in ‘scienticising’ belief in witchcraft. In Africa, Canada and India, the incidence, accusations and extrajudicial sanctions against witches are routine. The phenomenon of witchcraft is justified to be real. Before a misfortune could be plausibly attributed to witchcraft, it had to be seen as the outcome of a certain type of social situation. For in a witch-case the suspect was usually a person who had been involved in a relationship of real or presumed hostility towards the victim, then an accusation of witchcraft originated with someone living in close proximity to the suspect, and was meant to explain some local and personal misfortune. We then explain the socialization of witchcraft accusation in terms of the immediate social environment of the witch and her accuser. What we have in mind is that there are a lot of socialization between the witch and her victims in such a way that witches do not attack stranger and the victim can easily guess who is socially responsible for his/her misfortunes. We shall argue therefore, that once we are able to explain witchcraft causal reasonable explanation, the kind of metaphysical change of mind on witchcraft and the subsequent incidence, accusations and extrajudicial sanctions against witches would be reduced.

Tis essay explores Adenrele ́ ́ Adetí mi ̀ ́kan Ò basa ̣ ’s creative ingenuity and ́ how he put that into use as a poet, cultural activist, journalist, printer, and publisher of a bilingual newspaper, The Yorùba News. The essay traces Obasa’s history; right from his birth to the period he became a renowned Yorùbá intellectual. The cultural identity theory which studies a person’s sense of belonging to a particular culture and accepting the traditions, heritage, language, religion, and social structures of such culture is adopted for the analysis in this study. The study shows how Obasa ̣ ́ projects himself as a unique individual who used Yorùbá culture to connect people. The essay concludes that Obasa ̣ ́ is a lover of his indigenous culture and language.

Objective: To assess the effect of the three types of unilateral cleft lip (UCL) [cleft lip only, cleft lip and alveolus, and cleft lip alveolus and palate] on the outcome of the repair. Material and Methods: This study was a case series of effect of types of UCL on the outcome of the repair. Fifteen subjects each were in three UCL phenotypes groups. Evaluation of the scar, lip, and nose was done qualitatively by both parents/guardians and professionals using a modified form of the criteria described by Christofides et al. (2006). Results: In the assessment of the surgical scar, the parents found a difference between the three types of cleft in terms of texture, shape, and width of the scar and presence of columella deviation. The professional assessors, however, only found the three types of cleft to be different in the presence of alar flattening. Conclusion: Differences truly exist in the outcome of surgical repair of the three types of unilateral cleft lip, especially in the aesthetics of the nose and in the width and shape of the residual lip scar. Thus, it is important to consider this in the assessment of UCL repair because putting the subtypes together might have a negative impact on the assessment.

A derivação SVC tem sido uma questão não resolvida para a linguística africana,o que levou a uma série de postulações e estruturas rígidas de uma teoria gerativa para outra. Taiwo (2009) e Abimbola (2014) deram uma luz de esperança em relação a derivação, propondo que existe uma única estrutura oracional projetada. Essa brilhante proposta levantou questões como roamingfeatures(Angitso, 2013), resultando, consequentemente, na derivação convergente com recursos teta não atribuídos e não valorados. Observando essas inadequações, o presente trabalho propõe uma revisão de Abimola (2014) sobre as bases de resíduo LF de objeto DP compartilhado, selecionados em conjunto a partir do léxico, mas ilegível numa interface PF. Os resíduos LF fornecem a valoração dos roaming features e a atribuição de teta ao objeto resíduo sem desrespeitar a condição de inclusão. Apenas a cópia linearizada do objeto DP é legível na interface PF

The objective of this research was to study the drying of "nanica" banana paste (variety belonging to the subgroup Cavendish) in a rotary dryer with an inert bed (RDIB). Preliminary tests were carried out to adjust the operational process parameters. An experimental design (central composite design) was used for the final drying experiments with the following variables: the drying time and the mass of paste fed into the dryer, and as responses: the moisture content and the yield in banana flour. As a result of the tests carried out according to the experimental design, a beige-coloured product, composed of banana powder and flakes was obtained with a characteristic banana aroma. A multiple linear regression of the experimental results was used to determine the influence of the process variables. The best operational conditions allowed for the manufacture of a product with 8.0% moisture content (wet weight base) and a flour production efficiency of 72.9%.

This paper investigates the mechanism of argument movement in the derivation of grammatical Tiv construction. It examines Tiv as a syntactically ergative language and how ergative case is valued as well as the feature computation of T in ergative constructions. Raising constructions in Tiv is defined as hy­per-raising and this paper also provides insight on how features in such constructions are valued so as to avoid a situation which this paper also identifies as feature roaming. The paper also considers the effects of phase heads: whether strong phase heads block movement or not; it also seeks to account for the features re­sponsible for copy movement where it is operational in Tiv especially in subject to object movement. Using the framework of the Minimalist program, this work submits that DPs ergative constructions value their case in relationship with the verb before movement which makes the movement not for greed but to value the edge feature of T; therefore, T in ergative constructions is identified as mere Ts. In raising constructions, the mechanism of case delay has to be employed so as to avoid “feature roaming”. In this case copies left at the extraction sites, overt or covert are still useful in valuation of case in raising constructions in Tiv. In cases of copy movement, the paper accounts for such instances in terms of strong structural features such as Edge feature and complementation. The paper recommends that narrow syntax condition such as Earliness condi­tion is too strict for Tiv syntax and the syntax of other related languages and therefore should be relaxed.