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Countless urban revitalization or urban renewal projects have been implemented in innumerous cities around the world. The results cause what social scientists call gentrification. There is, however, a great debate about the use of this term. While some criticize its indiscriminate use, others believe it is necessary to make the concept a little more complex. This paper intends to discuss the definitions and the use of the gentrification term. Furthermore, our hypothesis consists that the gentrification is not a collateral effect or a natural catastrophe; it is planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Portuguese Law does not provide for a coherent rule to rank the debts secured by pledges, when these are lodged alongside with certain preferential claims, such as claims for taxes and for contributions to the Social Security. Consequently, the jurisprudence has tried to reach a logic interpretative solution. However, the positions adopted by the jurisprudence have been inconsistent, heterogeneous and contradictory. Furthermore, the new Code on Social Security Schemes does not solve the query. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]