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Paulo Freire is the most cited author in bibliographic references of papers in the Brazilian area of Science Education destined for teacher training. However, analytical-contextual knowledge on this is lacking and still requires further investigation. For example, what would be the profile of the citations? In which types of citations does Freire appear? For what purpose? Why? To answer most of these questions, this study aims to analyze Paulo Freire citations in papers from the Brazilian area of Science Education. We carried out a Bibliometric survey where we analyzed citations. We researched five journals: Ciência & Educação, Ensaio Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, Investigações em Ensino de Ciências, Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, and Alexandria: Revista de Educação em Ciência e Tecnologia. If Freire's ideas have been challenged within the restricted environment of a few political parties in Brazil, in the area of scientific knowledge there was an opposite effect: in research on teacher training in the Brazilian area of Science Education, Paulo Freire's theoretical and methodological contributions prevailed quantitatively and qualitatively in citations characterized as organic, conceptual, evolutionary and confirmatory.

This paper aimed to carry out an analysis of Joule’s original texts, written in the middle of the XIX century, trying to understand how the changes in heat concept occurred throughout his work. To support the theoretical analysis, a literature review was made with texts about the Science history and the study of alternative conceptions about heat. Guided by this literature review, the Discursive Textual Analysis was used as the methodology to examine which factors influenced Joule in changing his conception of the nature of heat. Joule initially accept the caloric theory and, instigated by internal aspects of his research and work by other researchers such as: Rumford, Davy and Herapath, he begins to understand the heat as a state of motion of the particles. We believe this work has the potential to serve as a subsidy for the teaching of Physics, where the study of Joule’s work can contribute so that there is a reframing of the heat concept for the students.

The present work analyzes qualitatively the thematic Periodic Table in the annals of congress: National Meeting of Education of Chemistry (ENEQ) and National Meeting of Research in Education in Sciences (ENPEC), from the years 2000 to 2016. The research intends to investigate the themes that mobilized the interest of the researchers, so that, this work, serves as a subsidy in the construction of a didactic sequence, which will be applied by the students of the Institutional Program of Scholarships to Teaching (PIBID), Chemistry Subproject, of the Federal Technological University of Paraná, whose activities are designed to encourage the formation and training of students, through reflection on pedagogical practice. As categories of analysis of the works surveyed, the thematic lines of the ENEQ were used, as that most of the analysis material of this research belongs to this event. From the results it is possible to identify the association of the Periodic Table theme with play activities, as well as didactic materials for teaching chemistry, aiming the students' motivation and interest in learning science, which favors the teaching and learning process .It is also observed a significant increase of productions over the years, being the 2016 ENEQ edition, the highest in works number.

We present here an analysis of papers on teacher education published in journals of the science teaching area in Brazil, covering the period of 1979 to 2007. The following journals taken part of this analysis: Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física, Ciência & Educação, Investigações em Ensino de Ciências, Ensaio: pesquisa em educação em ciências, Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências. In order to develop this research we took the textual analysis as a general methodology for collecting and analyzing data. For the systematization of information were highlighted words and phrases of the title, keywords and the summary presented in the papers. Systematized information shows that this theme has always been one of the focuses of research journals. The analysis undertaken allowed the delimitation of a corpus which is the starting point for a more extensive and detailed research on the field. As a first result we found 112 words, summarized in 6 categories (action, attributes, constitution, identity, profession and knowledge) which allowed a broad characterization of the science teacher’s education field in Brazil.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar alguns aspectos relacionados à secagem de folhas de papel (celulose) sobre uma superfície aquecida e regime de convecção natural no interior de uma estufa. Foram analisadas três situações: - para a umidade inicial: amostras de 1 folha de papel, temperatura de secagem de 100ºC e umidade inicial de 130 a 180% (b.s.); - para a temperatura de secagem: amostras de 1 folha de papel, umidade inicial de 150% (b.s.) e temperatura de 50 a 110ºC;- para a espessura das amostras: temperatura de 100ºC; umidade inicial de 150% (b.s.) e amostras com de 1 a 5 folhas de papel. A influência destas variáveis no comportamento da secagem foi estudada a partir de uma proposta de curvas de secagem generalizadas, analisadas individualmente e para os três efeitos em conjunto, sendo proposto um modelo para ajustá-lasAspects in the drying of paper (cellulose) sheets over a heated surface under natural convection condition inside an oven are provided. Three different operational situations are carried out: (1) for initial paper moisture contents: sheets of only one hand sheet of paper, drying temperature of 100ºC and initial moisture content from 130 to 180% (dry basis - d.b.); (2) for drying temperature: sheets of only one hand sheet of paper, initial moisture content of about 150% (d.b.) and drying temperature from 50 to 110ºC; (3) for sheet thickness: drying temperature of 100ºC, initial moisture content of about 150% (d.b.) and multi-layer sheets of one to five hand sheets of paper. The influence of these variables in drying curves behavior is studied through the theory of generalized drying curves, analyzed individually for each effect and for all together. Finally, the possibility of fitting them is discussed

Considering the increased generation of solid waste and the difficulty of proper final disposal, it is of utmost importance to study the reuse of solid waste, seeking a beneficial alternative for the population and the environment. This study aimed to produce wood particle boards incorporated with different percentage of waste from the manufacture of labels and tags, commonly known as paper shavings, containing biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), aiming its reuse. Physical, chemical and mechanical tests were performed. The difference in density between the materials used to manufacture the boards influenced the production process as well as the amount of waste added. Values of moisture content and thickness swelling remained within the range set by the regulations. The results for water absorption analysis are in agreement with those in the literature on the incorporation of different types of waste in the boards. According to our findings, it was observed the importance of a homogeneous mixture of the materials, and pH control. The incorporation of waste containing BOPP into particle boards may be a promising disposal alternative for this waste, given the development of a by-product that encourages sustainable development.

A análise morfométrica das fibras das folhas de Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru Mart. revelou que as fibras do pecíolo apresentaram comprimento e espessura da parede superiores às regiões da ráquis e folíolo, com médias variando de 1.266,09 µm a 3.270,56 µm e 5,56 µm a 10,67 µm, respectivamente. Em relação ao índice de Runckel e coeficiente de flexibilidade, as regiões pecíolo e ráquis obtiveram valores considerados favoráveis para sua utilização na indústria papeleira e, o índice de enfeltramento demonstrou que provavelmente as fibras dessas regiões apresentarão uma boa resistência ao rasgo quando submetidas às avaliações físico-mecânicas. Diante dos resultados, a espécie se revela promissora como fonte alternativa de matéria-prima para a produção de papel, sendo necessários, entretanto, estudos de resistências físico-mecânicas a consolidação deste pré-diagnóstico.The analysis morphometric of the leaf fibers of Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru Mart. demonstrated that the petiole's fibers had presented length and wall thickness superiors than the rachis and leaflets, with yours means varying of 1.266,09 µm to 3.270,56 µm and 5,56 µm to 10,67 µm, respectively. In relation the index of Runckel and flexibility's coefficient the petiole and rachis had gotten values considered favorable for its use in the paper industry and, the felting index it probably demonstrated that the fibers of these regions will present good crash resistance when submitted to the evaluations physical-mechanical. therefore, the results show the species is a alternative source of raw material to produce paper, but its necessary to do physical-mechanical resistance studies to consolidate this pre diagnostic.

This paper describes a reading activity developed with chemistry students. The main aim was to analyse the reflections produced after reading three articles about experimentation. This study was performed with 17 chemistry students from a federal university. The reading strategy involved writing productions. Questions and the pair of questions and answers elaborated from articles were analysed, as well as the contribution of the socialization of knowledge by means of discussions and a debate. These strategies were important to uphold more extensive reflections and to generate new senses from reading. It is pertinent to point the pedagogical importance of a last writing stage that consists in (re)creating texts from reading.

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of papers published in different specialized databases during the years 2010 - 2020 on STEM education as an emerging field of research. The analysis seeks to address the following research question: What are the sublines of work that are emerging within the emerging research field of STEM education between 2010 and 2020? To facilitate the search for articles in the databases, the following keywords were defined: STEM education, Natural Sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, ecology), Secondary Education and University Education. In total, 57 articles were selected that aligned with these words. Three criteria were established to perform the bibliometric analysis. The first criterion corresponds to general characteristics of the articles and the second and third criteria correspond to characteristics identified in the reading and review of the articles (emergent criteria). In summary, it was possible to establish nine sublines of work within this emerging field of research in the framework of science education.

The ludic is resource that has always helped educators in the development of the learners’ cognitive abilities. In the Chemistry Education, several papers were reported about the relevance of the ludic in the teaching and learning processes. This paper reported a class experience in the application of an educational game called “TERMOBINGO” (game that helps students to learn how to determine the reaction’s enthalpy by the bond enthalpies’), in a class of the 3rd year of High School. We noted that ludic activities act as motivation tool for teaching and learning processes in classroom and they also act as alternative method to decrease teaching and learning problems. In addition, the students realized how important was the knowledge about chemistry concepts in order to participate effectively in the ludic activity. Thus, through this work we understand the importance of the games’ use in the educational process, as an instrument that facilitates integration, sociability, stimulate the playful, and mainly learning.

The study of the existing relations between Religion and Science Education can promote relations of cooperation, respect and acceptance among the different subjects that compose the school culture. Thus, this article presents an analysis of papers published in journals and in proceedings of events in Science Education or Education in the country regarding the relations between Science and Religion between the years 2000 and 2019. The aim was to identify in papers addressing these relationships, either by the argumentation of the authors themselves, or by investigating some indicators of the relationship between Science and Religion. The most relevant data found and the identification, when possible, of the perspective involved about these relations following the classification of Barbour (2004) are presented. The methodological approach for the collection and analysis of the papers is based on the ideas of Biembengut (2008). Regarding the results, it is noteworthy that more than half of the researches make a diagnosis of how students and/or teachers deal with this theme. The others are divided between those that presented teaching proposals and those that conducted bibliographic studies on the theme. The perspective of independence or dialogue was predominant among the analyzed works. One of the main recommendations of the research was that the approach to scientific knowledge should be done respecting the points of view coming from religion or from the student's culture.

The power inspection of energy transmission networks is an effective way of mitigating risks, and failures, and avoiding mistakes in the transmission system. However, the inspection market is highly competitive and has difficulties in this process, mainly due to the high altitude of the lines. A standard solution for inspection of high-altitude power lines can be implemented using drones and aircraft, however, has a high cost for operation and poor logistics viability. In this scenario, "Prof. Raul Guenther’s Robotic Lab" developed a project of a robot that goes through low and medium-voltage wires to power inspection of transmission systems in urban networks. In this paper we propose the use of a self-balancing robot, aiming to execute the inspection, using a 2D balance control to stabilize the balance on the cable. Moreover, we evaluate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, highlighting its advantages and properties using numerical simulations considering a non-linear model, and expected disturbances. Moreover, we develop computational experiments with graphical results, simulating the model in different situations to find the limits of the controller, based on the maximum speed of the wind and the robot moving through the wires.

This paper presents the Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) to approach aspects of Nature of Science through historical explanatory controversies. The Inference to the Best Explanation is a topic of discussion in epistemology that addresses the justification and rationality of knowledge. Its focus is the study of the conditions that led an explanation to be considered superior than its competitors in a specific context. In this paper, this perspective is adapted to analyze the conflict between scientific explanations at specific times of history of science. The focus is to problematize the epistemic and cultural foundations that supported the defense of explanations proposed throughout the course of the historical episode under discussion. One of the goals is that this discussion can be made in contexts such as secondary education and teachers training, in order to avoid extreme positions in the opposition between structuralist and relativist conceptions of science. For this, some key concepts of the IBE are presented, followed by a proposal of how to adapt them to educational context. As an illustration, this perspective is employed in the historical episode of the photoelectric effect explanation, during the early decades of the 20th century. On the episode are addressed issues such as: the role of the scientific community in the evaluation of scientific knowledge, the indeterminacy of scientific theories by the available evidence, and the influence of personal interests in the evaluation of scientific theories.

The modeling of human faces is an integral part of a variety of computer applications, from animation and entertainment programs to security and facial recognition apps. This paper presents an alternative method that, given a photo as input, extracts a set of landmarks, anatomical points extracted from a human's face, modifying a triangular polygonal mesh using principles of computer graphics so that it resembles the face whose characteristics have been extracted without requiring additional input from the user. After the creation of the initial mesh, this method, implemented in Python for testing purposes, utilizes principles of three-dimensional mesh modeling such as the use of δ-coordinates to allow the user to perform controlled modifications in the mesh by moving the landmarks. The meshes generated by this method maintain the format and colors of the original face, extracted from the photo offered as input, with tests showing the resistance of the mesh to deformation, as well as corroborating that there is little to no effect on the speed of how modifications are performed based on the degree of the vertex or by how much it is moved.

In this paper we analyze students’ mathematics errors in the early years of Brazilian school. To achieve this goal, we developed a questionnaire with eight math problems that included basic operations. This instrument was distributed to 76 third-grade students in three different classes from three different schools. To comprehend what caused the errors, we analyzed each question. To perform these analyzes we used the following categories: Errors due to language difficulties; Errors due to difficulties in obtaining spatial information; Errors due to incorrect associations or rigidity of thinking; Errors due to the application of irrelevant rules or strategies; Errors due to deficient mastery of prerequisite skills, facts, and concepts; Incorrect reproduction of the task; Error of counting; Errors in the assemblage of the arithmetic operations; Errors in the summing up with values bigger than ten; and Specific errors of subtraction. We believe that using errors as motivation could improve students' understanding of mathematics. We seek to help teachers (and researchers) identify most of the mistakes made by students in order to recognize them in their classrooms. The results indicated that some of the students' most common errors are in line with what the literature points out, that is, difficulty in translating the problem into mathematical language; difficulties in using the operations algorithms and difficulties in understanding what the problem is asking.

Storage is a fundamental practice in the control of physiological seed quality since it is a method that can preserve seed viability and vigor for a longer period. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the influence of storage in the physiological quality of seeds of “jurema-preta” (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd)) in different environments and packages. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Ecology and Botany (CDSA/UFCG), using seeds collected from matrix trees in the municipality of Sumé (Paraíba State, Brazil). The seeds were homogenized and placed in different packages (Kraft paper bag and glass packaging). After that, they were stored under laboratory conditions and in a freezer for nine months. In each and every month of storage, the following characteristics were evaluated: moisture content, emergence, emergence speed index, seedling length. The seeds stored in freezer in glass packaging showed the best results for all evaluated parameters, whereas the seeds stored in paper bags at room temperature lost their germination vigor after 120 days of storage. Thus, storage in glass packaging, in freezer, is more appropriate for storing seeds of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd).

This paper presents the numerical and variational solutions of the 1D Schrödinger Equation submitted to the Pöschl-Teller potential. The methods used were the Variational Method and the Finite Difference Method. They were presented in a didactic and detailed way with the purpose of instructing both undergraduate and graduate students, about the applicability and effectiveness of the aforementioned methods. We use the Pöschl-Teller potential due to the fact that it is little explored in the books of Quantum Mechanics used in undergraduation courses and also because of its diverse applications, such as in Bose-Einstein condensates, waveguides, topological defects in field theory and so on. We conclude this paper comparing the variational and numerical solutions with the analytical solution and present the advantages of each method.

This paper we are dealing with the high order accurate low storage explicit Runge Kutta (LSERK) methods which mainly are used for temporal discretization and are stable regardless of its accuracy. The main objective of this paper is to compare traditional RK with different forms of LSERK methods. The numerical experiments indicate that such methods are highly accurate and effective for numerical purposes. It’s also shown the CPU time consuming and its solution implications. The method is well suited to achieve high order accurate solution for the scalar second order IVP (Initial Value Problem) problem as it is discussed in the present paper.

This text is part of a research and aims to analyze the works published in all editions of the National Meeting of Research in Science Education (ENPEC), seeking the relationship between reading and teaching of science for the early years of elementary school (EF). It assumes that the early years of EF make up a very important stage of basic education, and as such at this stage literacy practices should be opportunized and preserved. From this principle, the idea of literacy from the perspective of literacy is expanded to all areas of knowledge, not only in the mother tongue, and the importance of scientific literacy is defended in this context. Reading is seen as a social practice and its comprehension can be built with the elaboration of the Scientific Literacy process. It is a qualitative research, of the bibliographic type. The data were obtained in consultation with the annals of all editions of ENPEC. After survey, the articles were read, cataloged and analyzed. The descriptors used for consultation were reading, reader, readers, scientific literacy, reading comprehension and reader training. Comprising a total of 8,535 papers published in the 11 editions of ENPEC, 63 discussed reading and science teaching. Of these, 5 focused on the early years and were analyzed in this article. Two other works were incorporated after the analysis, since even in the early years they discussed reading and scientific literacy, totaling 7 analyzed works. It is noteworthy the low number of papers published with the theme reading and science teaching in all editions of the event and, among those analyzed, little correspondence in the relations between reading and teaching science advocated.

Cooperative learning is a teaching methodology based on joining small groups of students together in order to accomplish a task having well defined objectives. It presents various forms of application and has the potential to achieve some of the current needs of education, especially training citizens in an information society. Considering its potentialities, it is imperative to understand how it has been addressed in the field of science education research.In this perspective, this article consists of a literature review to identify trends of research on cooperative learning in academic production on national and international levels. Therefore, we searched for papers on the subject matter in journals located in the A1, A2, B1 and B2 extracts of Qualis-CAPES and in the annals of the editions held until 2015 at the National Meeting of Research in Education in Science (ENPEC). The analysis of the papers enabled us to observe the most frequent following thematic focuses: cooperative learning and its possibilities; cooperative learning and its specific strategies; cooperative learning in partnership with other strategies; cooperative learning presented in a theoretical perspective. It was also possible to conclude based on the information presented in the texts that despite the growing interest of researchers in the field of natural science education, the educational possibilities were not significantly explored, especially in a national context.

This paper aimed to analyze on a critical and dialectical approach the incorporation of the Historical-Critical Pedagogy (HCP) by the researches in Science Education (SE). Through a review performed with diversified procedures based on the Historical-Dialectical Materialism, we identified works that related the HCP and the SE, including researches of the Environmental Education area. We identified 80 publications: five papers of scientific journals, 28 works presented in scientific conferences, 29 dissertations, ten thesis, four chapters of books, and four whole books. In a first approach for data treatment, we performed a descriptive characterization of the works we found, observing the quantitative distribution of the different kinds of research through the years, the authors afiliation and their research groups. Then, we recovered categories from Marxism and HCP for analyze the works according to the dialectic logic. We discussed four categories that allowed us to deepen the understanding of HCP and its incorporation by the researches in SE: HCP as a historical, dialectical and materialist theory; the overcoming of pseudoconcreticity in HCP; the dialectical educational practice and the didactic moments of HCP; the dialectic mediation of HCP. Despite the meritorious efforts made by the authors to bring this pedagogy to the EC in an original and innovative way, the analysis developed through these categories indicate some recurrent aspects: a theorical-methodological eclecticism that relates the HCP to theories not grounded in Historical-Dialectical Materialism; a utilitarian concern that reduces the HCP to its form, identified with five determined steps, emptying it out of its content; an understanding of the social practice as synonymous of the immediate and everyday practice, removing the overcoming of pseudoconcreticity perspective; the absence of meaning of dialectic mediation in the five steps and in the role of school knowledge; an emptying out of catharsis sense, interpreted as an evaluation step or the conclusion of a didactic sequence. In short, we perceived an incorporation of the HCP of utilitarian nature and discussed the probable motives and implications for the construction of this pedagogy in SE.

In this work, we presented a characterization of the academic-scientific production recently linked to Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências (ENPEC) on experimentation, in terms of the objectives associated by the authors of these productions to the use of this teaching resource. We focused our analysis on the last five editions of this event (2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017), in which 113 papers published on this topic were identified. As a result of the reading and interpretation of the information collected in these productions, we elaborated 06 categories of analysis a posteriori. Finally, it has been possible to affirm that a significant number of works are related to different established categories, which shows a diversity of objectives associated with the use of experimentation. On the other hand, it is worth highlighting the fact that most of the papers analyzed present arguments that support the use of experimentation once they believe that this teaching resource has the potential to motivate and to effect students' learning about a certain element of the conceptual field in study.

Numerical characterization is an important design step, since it minimizes the construction of prototypes and optimizes results. The choice of the technique to be used is an aspect of fundamental importance. In this context, this paper presents an analysis of the numerical characterization of reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces, RFSS, using the PIN diode as an active element, from the application of the Wave Concept Iterative Procedure, WCIP, is presented in this paper. The PIN diode is numerically replaced by a resistor, which corresponds to a load region, and it is possible to observe how the frequency response of the RFSS is altered by the variation of this equivalent resistance, including its transition region. The dimensions of the load region equivalent to the PIN diode and the resistance value variation are evaluated, which corresponds to different DC bias levels of the PIN diode. The results obtained are compared to the ideal cases of the short circuit and the open circuit, observing a good agreement for the value of the resonant frequency. Moreover, it has been verified that the proposed technique describes the behavior of the RFSS including in the transition region of the PIN diode, which is a very interesting result, indicating the applicability of the presented methodology.

Transmission towers that support electric power fines are usually inspected manually by workers that climb them and visually inspect to find oxidation points. If oxidation is seen it must be repaired to ensure the integrity of the structure. This process is slow and dangerous for the workers. Due to the possibility of electrical shocks as well as falling from the structures that are around 50 meters high. In recent years the need to substitute human workers in hostile environments by equipments and robots that bring more safety in the realization of these tasks has arisen. In this paper, a bibliographic review of papers that presented conceptions of robots that can climb transmission towers and execute its inspection, search for oxi¬dation points and even do small maintenances is done. Through the use of a patent search methodology a preliminary and a detailed search were done, with a diversity of keywords about the subject as well as its combinations [1]. The preliminary search resulted in 2901 patents, which lead to the detailed search and finally culminated in the analysis of 164 patents, from which four showed technological potential to be analysed in this review.

This study aims to verify the characteristics of the scientific production of papers in the area of Public or Government Accounting. It is a qualitative, descriptive, bibliographical survey that was used in bibliometrics to present the results. The data is from the papers published on Capes’ Periódicos website in the last 10 years (2007-2016), and a sample of 113 papers was stratified. The theoretical framework presents current papers, related to research in the area of public accounting, making evident the low production and great dispersion among the authors. Several authors report the growth of scientific interest in this area and show the need for bibliometric studies in this area. Based on a mix between the Laws of Bradford, Lotka and Zipf this bibliometric study shows that the periodicals with the greatest publication in the area are: Revista de Administração Pública (RAP), Revista de Gestão da USP, Revista Contabilidade & Finanças; and the Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting. The production is dispersed and the most prolific authors did not have more than 3 papers published in the period, although most of the productions have triple authorship. As for the methodology, most of the researches are qualitative, descriptive and are used as a documentary survey. The thematic was grouped in 16 foci, identified and compared to the intensity of annual production. This research corroborates previous studies, which claim that public accounting is a rapidly expanding area and requires bibliometric studies to guide research within the vast area of practice and considerable dispersion among authors in the area.

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) networks offer a high level of automation combined with high levels of control, quality and process improvement. Since network corporate users have to access the ICS environment, these networks have to be interconnected. However, this interconnection can introduce risks to the systems and manufacturing processes, which leads to the need to ensure the interconnection is done safely. The objective of this paper is to perform modeling and validation of a proposed secure interconnection between ICS and corporate networks using Colored Petri Networks (CPN). In addition to the best practices published in related works, this paper recommends some integrated features like the use of terminal server service, secure manual uplinks, and unidirectional security gateway to enhance environmental security. However, our main contribution is the validation process performed in a Colored Petri Network, which made it possible to execute queries in the state space resulting from the simulation - that works as a proof of concept. As a result, the paper presents a secure and validated model of interconnection between ICS and corporate networks, capable of being applied to any interconnection environment.

ABSTRACT Soldierless termites (Blattodea: Isoptera: Apicotermitinae) are a small and taxonomically poorly known group, especially in the Neotropical region. In this paper we describe a new monotypic genus Caputitermes gen. nov. with a straight mesenteron-P1 junction, and absence of mixed segment. The species Caputitermes dimorphus sp. nov., which stands out for having two types of workers.

Red blood cells (RBCs), or erythrocytes, are usually disc-shaped. However, pathological conditions can change their shape. The complete blood count (CBC) is a test that can detect abnormal RBCs. Yet it is a manual test susceptible to errors, so there are efforts to automate the detection and classification of abnormal cells. A total of 31 papers were reviewed, and all the selected studies focus on the detection or classification of abnormal RBCs. Different approaches were applied to tackle this issue, including image processing techniques, classification using machine learning, and convolutional neural networks for detection, among other methods. Furthermore, machine learning techniques are recently presenting promising results for abnormal RBCs detection and classification. This review also brings a discussion on the computational intelligence methodologies applied.

In this paper, we aimed at investigating: (i) the steps that can be used to guide the elaboration and the conduction of analogical modelling activities in science education; and (ii) the way in which the analogical modelling activities based on those steps may have contributed to science students’ experience of the sub-processes of analogical reasoning. To address the first purpose, we adapted some stages for modelling found in the educational literature, so that they would make the development, review and revision of models and analogies possible. To address the second purpose, we conducted an empirical study. A teaching sequence about the dissolving process, based on analogical modelling, was producOrg. The sequence was taught in a first-year high school chemistry class, and the data collected supported the drawing of the case study analysed in this paper. Our results showed that specific elements of analogical modelling activities that supported the occurrence of the analogical reasoning sub-processes, including those identified as not spontaneous in previous studies. One of the implications of this study is that our description for analogical modelling steps can guide teachers and researchers on designing and conducting science teaching activities in which models and analogies could be created, criticised and reviewed by students, in a process in which meanings are being gradually negotiated in an attempt to understand the entity modellOrg.

This paper presents a systematization of the evolution of generative linguistic studies. The paper initially describes the main arguments that support generative cognitivism and which ones distinguish it from the empiricist tradition. Following, some grammar models emerged from the generative theory are presented. Convergences and divergences between theoretical generative studies and the psycholinguistic studies are also referenced. Findings of psycholinguistics based on methods that consider real time speaker linguistic coding and interference of prosodic patterns suggest that the theoretical generative studies should improve research methods in order to make more grounded predictions.

This paper presents a study carried out in a Brazilian pellet industry in order to determine the main properties of sugarcane bagasse pellets. Materials and methods are in accordance with standards from the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), Agência de Proteção Ambiental (EPA) and European Pellets Standard. The pellet properties mean values found in this study are: diameter (9.70 mm), length (22.70 mm), bulk density (726.32 kgm-3), mechanical durability (98.2%), moisture (5.49%), heating value (16.0 MJ kg-1), ash content (8.70%), fixed carbon (14.03%), volatile matter (77.27%), nitrogen (0.28%), sulphur (0.02%) and chlorine (< 0.02 %). The results are compared with those obtained from the literature and discussed according to international standards for biomass pellets, wood pellets and solid biofuel. The comparative analysis showed that there are differences between the results found in our study in comparison with other studies and international standards. The paper also presents the production process energy consumption and cost analysis.

ABSTRACT In the 1990s, scientific cooperation at the National Institute for Amazonian Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA), one of the oldest research institutions in Amazonia with the highest regional international cooperation, was dominated by research conducted by INPA’s foreign partners. In this article, the evolution of this situation is evaluated, with the hypothesis that, as the internal and the external environments have changed over the past decade, this should be reflected in more symmetrical research cooperation. The analysis was based on a 2004 to 2014 Web of Science search of scientific production at INPA, from which 786 papers were recovered. The results indicated an increase in scientific production but without a corresponding increase in symmetrical cooperation. The level of symmetry varied according to the type of cooperation; it increased when Brazilian institutions were exclusively involved, although these papers tended to be published in journals with a low impact factor. However, the scientific relationships remained relatively asymmetrical when only foreign institutions were involved, although these papers were published in journals with high impact factors. Network analyses indicated that most international scientific cooperation was concentrated in just two INPA research departments: Biodiversity and Environmental Dynamics. In contrast, INPA’s other two research departments, Technology & Innovation and Society, Environment & Health were peripheral, fragmented and benefited little from international cooperation.

This paper presents the modified perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for photovoltaic (PV) fed three-port DC‐DC converter in PV/battery hybrid system. The proposed MPPT technique reduces the drift problem which occurs in the conventional MPPT methods by including the data of change in current (ΔI) in addition to the data used in the conventional P&O algorithm. The drift phenomenon and its effects are clearly demonstrated in this paper. The ability of the proposed P&O method to address this issue is proved by comparing the conventional P&O algorithm in different modes of operation. The performance assessment includes peak overshoot, settling time, MPP ratio and stability. The experimental validation was implemented using DSPIC30F4011 microcontroller. From the analysis and results, it could be seen that the modified P&O showed better performance in terms of accuracy in tracking the maximum power, less tracking time, high MPP ratio and reduced drift in the changing weather conditions.

Due to the great possibilities made available by the use of biotechnology and to its growing presence on people lives, it urges understanding how Science Education, especially Chemistry, approaches the teaching of such techniques. This paper aims to analyze and to point out the educational possibilities of biotechnologies by means of a research in papers published in nine journals of relevance to the Science Education area, mainly to Chemistry. It was selected 54 texts by electronic means using the following keywords: biotechnology, transgenic, soy, and their derivatives. The Discursive Textual Analysis generated meanings which are grouped in three categories: a variety of relations between Science and Biotechnologies; partial comprehensions about biotechnologies by teachers, students and undergraduates, and; three major approaches of biotechnologies in Science Education — “Developmentist” approach aims the innovation for economic development; Propaedeutic approach, towards the resolution of societal problems exclusively by concepts apprehension, and; Broad Science and Technology Literacy, which discuss the concepts, values, principles and philosophies for solving social problems. Finally, the theme Biotechnologies is inceptive in the area and more researches are needed to investigate and divulgate its possibilities for discussing scientific uncertainties and interdisciplinary practices in Science Education.

Aiming to cooperate with the management of Vértices, academic journal published by Essentia (Instituto Federal Fluminense), this study analyzes the production of original scientific papers in the period 1997-2012. The article is based on the study made by Francisco (2011) on the journal RAE-Eletrônica. Following this methodology, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative exploratory study of 250 scientific papers distributed, in 14 volumes available on the journal website. Results show that the journal has increased its national visibility, 41% of the articles are in the field of Humanities, and two-thirds of the authors do not work for the same institution of the publishers. This indicates the acceptable endogenous value of the journal. In addition, Besides, the period of publications investigated for this study (2010, 2011 e 2012) shows that Vértices has increased the number of publications dealing with socio-environmental, socioeconomic and political issues related to the various regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

This paper addresses the importance of democratic management in the educational process based on the belief that collective participation contributes to the quality of education, and represents a possibility of advancement. The article is primarily a conceptual review, an, from this, it proposes a brief contextualization of the historical moment in which the democratic principle is established in the country. The paper discusses the importance of the manager's role in this process, as he/she creates the necessary conditions for democracy to take place in the school environment. The study closes by discussing the tools for effective democratic management in schools, point out the political-pedagogical project and the collective institutions as mechanisms for promoting emancipatory education - one able to prepare for critical and participatory citizenship.

This paper looks at the emergence of defiance at a local level through an ethnographic description of one of ProSAVANA’s Master Plan hearings in the first half of 2015, and will include the narratives and behaviours of members of civil society organisations, smallholder farmers and Mozambican government agents. It briefly presents features about ProSAVANA, and looks at the public meeting that showed the greatest level of defiance which took place in April 2015, and which makes clearer the contrasts between what the government offered to the peasants, how civil society organisations reacted to this offer, and what the peasants were seeking. The paper provides a better understanding as to what the real issues are, both main and peripheral, for the subsistence farming communities in ProSAVANA's framework and how they managed to expose these issues, facing power barriers in the field.

The paper aims to propose a business model framework under a product-service approach in the aerospace industry based on the main elements identified in the literature. Through a Multi Criteria Decision Method - the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) - a set of elements was prioritized by nine specialists from the industry for establishing a fractional ownership business model in the civilian market of a Brazilian helicopter manufacturer. The results indicate ten elements for composing the business model framework, in which value proposition, customers and culture are part of it. The practical implication of this study indicates an opportunity to boost the integration of product and service in the aerospace industry, specially using AHP for business model construction. For future researches, others companies can be considered in the study. In addition to manufacturers, service firms or operators of helicopters can compose the specialists group. Besides, another Multi Criteria Decision Method can be applied aiming to do a comparative analysis of the results among the methods. The paper fulfills a gap about how business model is structured in a product-service integration context, especially in an industry originally considered as manufacturer.

En este trabajo se considera la historia de las mujeres desde una doble perspectiva. Por un lado, se hacen algunas precisiones sobre los conceptos necesarios para entender cómo es posible la agencia femenina y la relación que establece con las condiciones dadas en las que se produce. En segundo lugar, se analizan las discusiones sobre el objeto que estudia la historia de las mujeres vinculándolas con las demandas políticas a las que intenta responder. El trabajo está recorrido por la ambigüedad que subyace al vocablo “historia”, que refiere tanto a una ciencia fáctica y social como al pasado que estudia. Se pretende mostrar que esa ambigüedad es crucial para entender los desafíos epistemológicos a los que debe responder una historia de las mujeres que se propone no sólo como un tipo de conocimiento, sino también como una forma de intervenir en el mundo social y cultural. History of women and women´s agency: some epistemological questions Abstract: This paper analyzes the history of women under a double perspective. On one side, some remarks are made about the necessary concepts to understand women´s agency and its relation to given social conditions. On the other side, the subject-matter of the history of women is considered according to the political demands of the feminist agenda. The ambiguity of term “history” goes through this paper referring inasmuch the past as the science which studies it. This is crucial to understand the epistemological challenges of the history of women trying to generate not only knowledge but also a tool to intervene in the social and cultural world. Keywords: Woman – History – Gender – Agency

Resumo As distribuidoras de energia elétrica precisam realizar manutenções e expandir o sistema elétrico constantemente. Essas atividades, em alguns casos, precisam ser feitas, através do desligamento de trechos de rede, e isso impacta diretamente nos indicadores de confiabilidade. Para reduzir o impacto dessa atividade, é necessário estudar maneiras que mitiguem a quantidade de clientes atingidos. Este estudo se utiliza manobras na rede que criam um perímetro seguro (desenergizado) para a intervenção das equipes. A análise dos circuitos e produção do conjunto de manobras pode ser feito, utilizando-se recursos computacionais que, através do cálculo do fluxo de potência, testam as possíveis configurações da rede e propõem alternativas. Uma barreira para esse processo é o tamanho do circuito, quanto maior ele for, mais recurso computacional e tempo são necessários. Posto isso, o presente trabalho apresenta um método de simplificação de redes de distribuição que visa diminuir o impacto de custo computacional para esta análise. Utilizando-se da análise de grafos, são determinados os pontos viáveis para manobra, e a validação é dada por meio da análise de conectividade da rede e de sua coerência em manter as características elétricas, por meio da análise do fluxo de potência. Tal método traz redução de requisito computacional para análise de redes de distribuição e viabiliza sua utilização em larga escala, trazendo ganhos para as distribuidoras, melhorando a eficiência dos desligamentos para a execução dos serviços de manutenção e expansão. Abstract Electric power distributors need to maintain and expand the electrical system constantly. These activities, in some cases, need to be done by disconnecting network sections and, this has a direct impact on reliability indicators. In order to reduce the impact of this activity, it is necessary to study ways to mitigate the number of reached customers. This study uses maneuvers in the network that create a safe perimeter (de-energized) for the teams to intervene. The analysis of the circuits and production of the set of maneuvers can be done using computer resources that, through the power flow calculator, test the possible configurations of the network and propose alternatives. A barrier to this process is the size of the circuit, the larger it is, the more computational resources and time are required. That said, this paper presents a distribution network simplification method that aims to reduce the impact of the computational cost impact for this analysis. Using graphic analysis, the viable points for maneuver are determined and the validation is given through the network connectivity analysis and its consistency in maintaining the electrical characteristics, through the analysis of the power flow. This method reduces the computational requirement for the analysis of distribution networks and enables its use on a large scale, bringing gains for the distributors, improving the efficiency of shutdowns for the execution of maintenance and expansion services.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) quantifies the environmental impacts associated with products throughout their life cycle. LCA also assists in the interpretation of impact assessment results, enabling improvements in a product or process. This paper applied the LCA methodology to quantify and compare the greenhouse gas emissions associated with different types of concrete: with a traditional binder (Portland cement) and with alkali-activated materials (Metakaolin, Lateritic Soil, and Lateritic Concretion) as precursors. The environmental impact was evaluated using greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2-eq/m³), considering 1 m³ of each binder and resistance of approximately 30 MPa, obtained by a recommended mix ratio. The main objective is to evaluate whether alkali-activated binders present lower emissions than Portland cement. The results demonstrated that Portland cement is responsible for over 92% of the emissions associated with traditional concrete production. The use of alternative materials in civil construction, such as laterite soil, reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 79% compared to traditional concrete.

For the purposes of comparison among different equipments and laboratories involved in atomic-nuclear methodologies applied in arts and archaeometry, a special mockup canvas painting was made with dozens of pigments of different colors and varnishes of different types and manufacturers. This study evaluate two different XRF equipment and PIXE methods as complementary tools to examine canvas paintings. Twenty-four inorganic substances of this mockup canvas were measured in three different laboratories, LEC, LFNA, and LAMFI for the identification of the key elements. In this paper, net count ratios and standard percentage deviations between lines are shown, as well as examples of sensibility to low-content elements that can be used for distinguishing pigments, and a comparison of the penetration of these techniques. The results show the differences between the pXRF and PIXE methodologies and between the two pXRF geometry/equipments employed.

This paper discusses about the fixed frequency pulse mask control based high frequency AC conversion circuit for industrial induction heating applications. Conventionally, for induction heating load, the output power control is achieved using the pulse with modulation based converters. The conventional converters do not guarantee the zero voltage switching condition required for the minimization of the switching losses. In this paper, pulse mask control scheme for the power control of induction heating load is proposed. This power control strategy allows the inverter to operate closer to the resonant frequency, to obtain zero voltage switching condition. The proposed high frequency AC power conversion circuit has lesser total harmonic distortion in the supply side. Modeling of the IH load, design of conversion circuit and principle of the control scheme and its implementation using low cost PIC controller are briefly discussed. Simulation results obtained using the Matlab environment are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the pulse mask scheme. The obtained results indicate the reduction in losses, improvement in the output power and lesser harmonic distortion in the supply side by the proposed converter. The hardware results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

This paper proposes an automatic method based on computer vision implemented in mobile platform capable of monitoring the growth of microbial colonies incubated in Petri dishes. The developed optimized image processing algorithm performs this task without human intervention from images of colonies of the microorganism in different evolution phases. The contribution of this paper is the development of a fast and robust mobile tool to assist bioprocess experts in monitoring the growth of colonies without using the conventional error prone evaluation techniques. The obtained results successfully demonstrated dimensional alterations in colonies in a faster and more precise fashion when compared with the conventional method, with the additional advantage of versatility in producing reliable estimation of the growth rates with higher statistical significance.

Relying on the Constructal Design method, this paper introduces new periodic models for the thermal potential of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers (Eahe). As a case study, it analyses the best spacing for three ducts arranged triangularly in order to maximize the heat transfer between soil and air. More specifically, the ratio between the horizontal and vertical spaces among the ducts is set free to vary up to limiting global constraints. This paper aims to better understand how the variations in affect the thermal performance of Eahe. As an additional contribution, some relationships between and the thermal potential of Eahe are mathematically and continuously stated. This allows establishing additional results for the efficiency and energetic performance of Eahe, as well as recommend arrangements in the shape of isosceles triangles with base and height unitary.

This paper describes a dynamic mathematical model developed to simulate a diolefin reactor currently used in an existing naphtha hydrotreating process. Diolefins polymerize at temperatures above 200 °C, which is reached in a reactor of hydrotreatment of naphtha. Therefore, the diolefins must be removed before they reach the hydrotreating reactors. This hydrotreating unit has an essential role in modern refineries as it specifies the naphtha of different units, such as distillation and delayed coker. A mathematical model of a three-phase reactor was developed. It was used to obtain the kinetics of the diolefin and olefin saturation reaction in a temperature range of 180 ºC to 200 °C, and pressure of 3.5 MPa to 4 MPa. The kinetic model was developed from the experimental data from a Brazilian refinery. The reactor model includes correlations for determining mass-transfer coefficients, kinetics reaction rates, and properties of the compounds under process conditions. The kinetic model predicted the temperature profile along the reactor length with a minor absolute error. The developed model offers reliable simulated results when compared to experimental data.