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Objective: to define the action of lycopene under CT, HDL, LDL and TG and to analyze which sufficient dosages have a positive effect on metabolic markers. Methodology: The investigation was based on the effect of products containing lycopene and its effect on serum metabolic markers of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. For analysis of in vivo studies, studies that met intervention criteria with controlled design, diet or manipulated controlled by crossed or parallel placebo, randomized clinical trial with standardized dosage of lycopene in the treatment and control group and intervention 2= weeks that included total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were included.. Results: It was seen that lycopene plays an important role on metabolic markers, due to its ability to reduce the mechanism of HMG-Coa reductase, decreasing the synthesis of cholesterol and its antioxidant capacity under LDL. Lycopene also modulated the activity of PPAR and LXR, modulating the action of ABCA1, Apoa1 and caveolins, improving HDL synthesis and cholesterol efflux. Dosages with a positive cholesterol effect vary, but are around 26.5 mg of lycopene per day, reported in in vivo studies with cholesterol supplementation. Conclusion: The review suggests the efficacy of lycopene in reducing metabolic markers, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional, lipid and feeding habits of school children in two municipalities in South Brazil are compared. Transversal study analyzed indicators of obesity, lipid profile and feeding habits of school children, aged between 7 and 17 years, in Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brazil, and Chapecó SC Brazil. Difference (p<0.05) in overweight/obesity (37.0% Chapecó vs 29.2% Santa Cruz do Sul) and high waist circumference (34.8% Chapecó vs 21.2% Santa Cruz do Sul); triglycerides (41.4%) and HDL-C (23.5%) showed higher rates in Chapecó (p<0.001); total cholesterol (56.1%), LDL-C (36.4%) and glycaemia (8.7%) were higher in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Chapecó had a high input of fruit (16.8% infrequent) and sweets (41.3% frequent) contrasting with beans/rice (57.0% daily), soft drinks (24.4% daily) and snacks (24.0% daily) in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Results show that differences in nutritional profile existed between the two municipalities and, consequently, health indicators vary within different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV infection is associated with anemia and with changes in the profile of lipids in HIV-infected people. Current retrospective study described the prevalence of anemia and changes in lipid levels in pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and was performed with 117 pregnant women who were using antiretroviral therapy in prenatal clinics, between 2010 and 2012, through secondary data. The prevalence of anemia reached 45.6%, although no one had severe anemia. There was a progressive increase in total cholesterol (p<0.001), HDL (p=0.05), LDL (p<0.001) and triglycerides (p<0.001), with greater increase in triglycerides levels throughout pregnancy. Monitoring anemia and lipid levels during pregnancy is crucial for early interventions since undesirable complications and unwanted results are avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review to discuss the relationship between fat protected in the rumen and the profile of fatty acids of goat milk. Goat's milk is a food that should be highlighted to provide nutrients essential for good functioning of the body, however, the use of it in food presents restrictions for the presence of fatty acids associated with health problems related to eating disorders. Unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids have positive effects on the occurrence of diseases, while saturated fatty acids have been described as triggering factor for disease in humans. The use of protected fat in ruminant feed improve the profile of fatty acids of goat milk, as it allows a suplly greater of fatty acids into the intestine and mammary gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with natural or rúmen-protected lipid source on plasma cortisol concentration, animal reactivity and stress of feedlot cattle. One hundred and twenty Nellore bulls (366.9 ± 28.7), male, raised on pasture were distributed in a completely randomized design with measures repeated over time. There were three treatments: Control - without additional fat source; GDESP - with natural fat source based on cottonseed byproducts; and GPROT - with rúmen-protected polyunsaturated fat acid. Blood samples were collected before to boarding of animals (day 0) and after transport to the feedlot, on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. There was significant effect (p<0.05) between temperament and day of analysis, as well as levels of cortisol and day of collection and treatment the animals received. On boarding day (day 0), the mean score of reactivity was lower (p<0.05). On the day of landing (day 1), the animals showed less reactive (p<0.05). In the following collection (days 3, 7 and 14), there was a progressive increase in mean scores for reactivity. The treatment did not influence the reactivity of animals. In relation to cortisol, the results were similar to reactivity. There was an effect (p<0.05) between treatments with inclusion of protected fat and fat from natural sources, and the control group. Animals receiving lipids in the diet had lower cortisol levels compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze levels of total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats of empanadas sold in school snack bars, compared to their nutritional information. Methods: A total of 14 chicken, chicken with cream cheese, four cheeses, and Calabrian sausage empanadas sold in school snack bars in downtown Florianopolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, were analyzed. The total fat content (by Soxleth extraction) and fatty acids profile (by gas chromatography), were determined. The results obtained were compared with the nutritional information in their respective labels. Results: All samples presented the obligatory nutritional labeling; however, there were some irregularities, according to the legislation (particularly in relation with trans fats). Hydrogenated vegetable fat, a source of trans fats, was the most cited ingredient in ingredient lists. Analysis results present levels of (g/40g serving) of: total fat 2.7-6.4; saturated fat 0.61-2.9; monounsaturated fat 0.82-2.5; polyunsaturated fat 0.33-0.84; trans fats 0.51-2.1. All of the nine samples declaring zero trans fats per serving had levels above 0.2g/serving, beyond the permitted limit to be considered zero trans food. Conclusion: The analyzed empanadas showed nutritional information inconsistent with the norm, which harms the healthy choice of food. Additionally, high amounts of trans fats and low percentages of polyunsaturated fats point towards an inadequacy of fats in these foods. The results serve as warning against the nutritional quality of foods sold in school environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify biological and psychosocial factors associated with dropout in a multidisciplinary behavioral intervention in obese adolescents. Methods: A total of 183 adolescents (15.4±1.6 years), pubertal (Tanner stage 3 or 4) and obese (34.7±4.0kg/m²), were enrolled in a 12-week behavioral intervention, which included clinical consultations (monthly), nutritional and psychological counseling (once a week), and supervised aerobic training (three times/week). The studied variables were weight, height, body mass index, body composition (skinfold), cardiorespiratory fitness (direct gas analysis), blood lipids and self-reported symptoms of eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia and binge eating), anxiety, depression, body image dissatisfaction and quality of life. Statistical analysis included binary logistic regression and independent t-tests. Results: Of the adolescents, 73.7% adhered to the program. The greatest chance for dropout was observed among adolescents older than 15 years (odds ratio of 0.40; 95%CI: 0.15-0.98), with more anorexia symptoms (odds ratio of 0.35; 95%CI: 0.14-0.86) and hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio of 0.40; 95%CI: 0.16-0.91) at baseline. Conclusion: Older adolescents, with more symptoms of eating disorders and total cholesterol have less chance to adhere to multidisciplinary treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the relation between oxidative stress and lipid profile in patients with different types of cancer. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional. A total of 58 subjects were evaluated, 33 males, divided into two groups of 29 patients each: Group 1, patients with cancer of the digestive tract and accessory organs; Group 2 patients with other types of cancers, all admitted to a public hospital. The plasma levels (lipoproteins and total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, for example) were analyzed by enzymatic kits, and oxidative stress based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, by assessing the formation of malondialdehyde. Results: In general the levels of malondialdehyde of patients were high (5.00μM) as compared to 3.31μM for healthy individuals. The median values of lipids exhibited normal triacylglycerol (138.78±89.88mg/dL), desirable total cholesterol values (163.04±172.38mg/dL), borderline high LDL (151.30±178.25mg/dL) and low HDL (31.70±22.74mg/dL). Median HDL levels in Group 1 were lower (31.32mg/dL) than the cancer patients in Group 2 (43.67mg/dL) (p=0.038). Group 1 also showed higher levels of oxidative stress (p=0.027). Conclusion: The lipid profile of patients with cancer was not favorable, which seems to have contributed to higher lipid peroxidation rate, generating a significant oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients in sheep fed with diets containing different amounts of linseed meal. The treatments evaluated were: corn silage exclusive (control); corn silage + concentrate; corn silage + concentrate + 5% of linseed meal; corn silage + concentrate + 10% of linseed meal. The dry matter (DM) intake has increased in diets containing concentrated if compared to diet exclusively with corn silage (P<0.05), however, there was no effect of the inclusion of linseed meal in diets (0; 5 and 10%). As it was expected, the diets containing 5 and 10% of linseed meal resulted in an increase of ether extract (EE) intake. A higher apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the animals fed with diets containing the concentrate was observed, independently of linseed meal proportion. According to the experimental conditions under which the experiment was developed, itis recommended to provide the diets containing until 5% of linseed meal, because there is no negative effect on dry matter and nutrients intake, as well as on apparent digestibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between total mortality, lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers, and their implications with aging and longevity are often controversial. Among the most often studied markers are low HDL cholesterol and high C-reactive protein. Particularly in octogenarians, it is expected that the impact of the inclusion of HDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein will improve the stratification of absolute cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we performed a literature review in PubMed about the relation between HDL cholesterol, inflammation and longevity. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted, we selected 30 studies, among which one systematic review on the relation between HDL cholesterol and stroke, one metaanalysis on the relation between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol with mortality, 22 longitudinal studies, and six cross-sectional studies. The results show an inverse association between HDL cholesterol and total mortality, and between cardiovascular mortality and C-reactive protein, as well as a positive association between C-reactive protein and mortality in longevous individuals. C-reactive protein and HDL cholesterol displayed promising characteristics as predictors of cardiovascular mortality in longevous elderly persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate the possibility of including Castor or Licuri oil at two levels in the diets of crossbred Moxotó goat's through dry matter intake, digestibility and levels of urea, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood. The treatments consisted of control groups without oil, 3% or 5% of Licuri (LO-3 or LO-5) or Castor (CO-3 or CO-5) oil, based on dry matter supplementation. Ten Moxotó lactating goats were used according to a double Latin Square (5 x 5) experiment design. The addition of oil to the diet reduced the dry matter intake, except for animals that were supplemented with CO-3. However, the addition of 3% of oil didn't alter the intake of metabolizable energy and crude protein. The animals supplemented with LO-5 oil showed smaller nutrients intake, except for ether extract intake. The lipid supplement didn't alter the dry matter digestibility, however increased the NDF digestibility the CP and EE apparent digestibility. There was no difference among the glucose levels, urea and NEFA in the blood. It is possible to use 3 %Castor oil in the diet of lactating goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]