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2. O EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO LEVE A MODERADO COMO TRATAMENTO DA OBESIDADE, HIPERTENSÃO E DIABETES.
- Author
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Silva Maia, Ricardo Henrique and Coppi Navarro, Antonio
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
3. [Insulin resistance in chronic hepatitits C].
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Parise ER and Oliveira AC
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- Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Fatty Liver physiopathology, Hepatitis C, Chronic drug therapy, Hepatitis C, Chronic physiopathology, Humans, Interferon alpha-2, Interferon-alpha therapeutic use, Liver Cirrhosis physiopathology, Polyethylene Glycols therapeutic use, Recombinant Proteins, Ribavirin therapeutic use, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology, Fatty Liver complications, Hepatitis C, Chronic complications, Insulin Resistance, Liver Cirrhosis complications
- Abstract
Objective: To revise the importance of insulin resistance in the development of chronic hepatitis C and its interference in the response to the antiviral treatment of these patients., Data Source: Bibliographic revision of published papers in the MEDLINE and the authors data., Data Synthesis: In the last years several published papers have demonstrated an important relationship between insulin resistance and chronic hepatitis C. Increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the development of hepatic steatosis (specially in non-3 genotype), a more rapid progression of hepatic disease and reduction in the sustained virological response to treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin have been associated with insulin resistance in patients infected with HCV. The mechanism implied in the insulin resistance is the enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor by the HCV core. Tumor necrosis factor affects insulin receptor substrate phosphorylation, resulting in decreased glucose uptake and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Increased liver iron accumulation and modification in the levels of adipocytokinemia can have an additional effect on insulin sensitivity in chronic C hepatitis., Conclusions: Diagnosing and treating insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C could not only avoid complications but also prevent disease progression and increased the sustained virological rate to treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavarin.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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4. [Centripetal distribution of body fat, overweight and cardiorespiratory fitness: association with insulin sensitivity and metabolic alterations].
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da Silva JL, Barbosa DS, de Oliveira JA, and Guedes DP
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- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose metabolism, Blood Pressure physiology, Body Mass Index, Female, Humans, Intra-Abdominal Fat physiology, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity complications, Obesity pathology, Overweight pathology, Overweight physiopathology, Oxygen Consumption physiology, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha blood, Waist-Hip Ratio, Body Fat Distribution, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Insulin Resistance physiology, Lipoproteins blood, Obesity metabolism, Physical Fitness physiology
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to investigate associations between the centripetal distribution of the body fat and serum lipid-lipoproteins, blood pressure and the index Homa-IR of insulin resistance, adjusting for indicators of overweight and cardiorespiratory fitness. Eighty-nine voluntaries were analyzed (44 men and 45 women). The centripetal distribution of the body fat was analyzed through waist circumference (CC) and the overweight by the body mass index (BMI). The cardiorespiratory fitness was followed by the estimate VO(2)max by test of walking. After adjusted for BMI values were found significant coefficient of correlation between CC and levels of blood pressure and ApoB in men, and between CC and index Homa-IR and triglycerides in women. After adjusted for VO(2)max values were verified significant correlations between CC and ApoB and index Homa-IR in men, and between CC and index Homa-IR in women. In conclusion, depending on the sex, the quantity and distribution of the body fat can present different actions in the insulin resistance and associated dysfunctions. The cardiorespiratory fitness per se seems not to contribute on the minimization of the association between the centripetal distribution of the body fat and the index Homa-IR; but presents a considerable impact on the association between the centripetal distribution of the body fat and the lipid metabolism and the levels of blood pressure, mainly in men.
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- 2006
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5. MIMÉTICOS DO "GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1" (GLP-1) E O SEU POTENCIAL FARMACÊUTICO NO CONTROLO DA DIABETES TIPO 2 E DA OBESIDADE.
- Author
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Andreani, Tatiana, Souto, Eliana B., Silva, Amélia M., and Lopes, Carla Martins
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TYPE 2 diabetes ,PEPTIDES ,INSULIN resistance ,PEPTIDE hormones ,BIOLOGICAL transport ,INSULIN antibodies - Abstract
Copyright of Revista da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde is the property of Edicoes Universidade Fernando Pessoa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
6. Adenoma de hipófise em uma gata com hiperadrenocorticismo
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Ana Maria Reis Ferreira, Juliana da Silva Leite, Cristiane Belchior, Raquel Calixto de Souza, and Katia Barão Corgozinho
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Cortisol secretion ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hypophysectomy ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adrenalectomy ,Hipófise ,Hiperadrenocorticismo ,Gatos ,Pituitary tumors ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Patologia Animal ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,Polyuria ,Internal medicine ,Dexamethasone suppression test ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Polydipsia - Abstract
Background : : : : Feline Cushing’s syndrome (FCS) is a disorder of excessive cortisol secretion by the adrenal glands and is rare in cats. The most frequently observed clinical signs are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia which are also consistent with diabetes mellitus . These diabetic cats are often insulin resistants. The dexamethasone suppression test is considered the test of choice for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. The majority of cats with naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome have pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and it is caused by functional microadenoma or macroadenoma pituitary. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in diagnosis of pituitary tumors. Treatments of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism include surgery of the pituitary or adrenals, radiation of the pituitary, and medical therapies. Bilateral adrenalectomy continues to represent the best long-term therapeutic strategy until hypophysectomy becomes more widely available. This paper reports a cat with macroadenoma pituitary causing hiperadrenocorticism and insulin resistance. Case : A 12-year-old female castrated Brazilian shorthair cat was referred to the veterinary due to polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and polyphagia. The presence of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dl), glucosuria and elevated fructosamine concentration revealed diabetes mellitus . Insulin therapy was introduced but the glycemia was poorly controlled despite the high dose of insulin. Concomitant disease was suspected. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed bilaterally enlarged adrenals. The dexamethasone suppression test showed pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Computed tomography or hypophysectomy wasn‘t available. Medical therapy with mitotane was introduced but anorexia and vomiting developed. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed without complications and histological evaluation of adrenal revealed hyperplasia. After surgery, treatment with mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids was introduced. The cat had resolution of clinical signs and insulin requirements were decreased. According to the owner, three weeks after surgery, the cat showed abnormal behavior, compulsive walking and circling. The cat died eight months after bilateral adrenalectomy. A complete necropsy was performed and histopathological examination confirmed the pituitary macroadenoma. Discussion : Insulin resistance should be suspected in diabetic cat if control of glycemia is poor despite the high insulin dosage. Clinical signs related to poorly controlled diabetes mellitus are common in cats with hyperadrenocorticism. Hyperadrenocorticism can cause severe insulin resistance and it is often associated with a pituitary macrotumor. Pituitary tumors may lead to hypercotisolism. Bilateral adrenalectomy is a viable alternative to transphenoidal hypophysectomy for treatment of feline pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism when hypophysectomy is not available. Neurological signs can be a result of pituitary tumors and they can get worse after the adrenalectomy because of the enlargement of the tumor. Despite of clinical signs, the cat had improved in response to the bilateral adrenalectomy and had a good quality of life during eight months after surgery.
- Published
- 2018
7. Studio degli anticorpi anti-insulina del siero umano in soggetti normali e diabetici.
- Author
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Ghidoni, Alberto, Sorgato, Giuseppe, Sanesi, Edda, and Pozza, Guido
- Abstract
Copyright of Acta Diabetologica Latina is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1968
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8. Effect of aqueous extract of bark of Hancornia speciosa Gomes ( Mangabeira ) on obesity induced in mice
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Cercato, Luana Mendonça and Camargo, Enilton Aparecido
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Estudos etnobotanicos ,Weight loss ,Perda de peso ,Mangabeira - estudo ,Plantas medicinais ,Insulin resistance ,Dieta hiperlipídica ,Hancornia speciosa ,Ethnobotanical survey ,High-fat diet ,Obesidade ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE [CNPQ] ,Resistência a insulina ,Obesity ,Emagrecimento ,Glicemia - Abstract
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Nowadays, obesity is an endemic condition of great importance and the treatment of obesity includes many pharmacological or non-pharmacological alternatives. Medicinal plants are found between these alternatives and many plants are used for this purpose in Brazil, but the ethnobotanical studies are restricted to isolated regions and no study was performed to integrate these information, in order to give direction to scientific studies. In this context, in the present study it was conducted a systematic review about the use of medicinal plants in Brazil for obesity and weight loss. We have used the terms ethnobotanical , obesity , weight loss , Brazil and their variations in English and Portuguese for searching for papers in scientific databases. Thirty-one studies were identified and indicated 43 species popularly utilized to this purpose. The main species found were Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. ( carqueja , 14 citations), Annona muricata L. ( graviola , 6 citations) and Hancornia speciosa Gomes ( mangabeira , 4 citations). Scarce scientific evidence was found for the majority of plants referred by the ethnobotanical surveys, which strengthened the need for more studies in this field. Interestingly, H. speciosa was the third plant more cited and the ethnobotanical surveys have demonstrated that the bark of H. speciose is the part of the plant that is popularly used to treat obesity or induce body weight loss. As there are no study that support the possible actions of this plant on obesity and/or weight loss, the present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of aqueous extract of the stem bark of H. speciosa (AEHS) on the glycemic and adipogenic profiles of obese mice. For this purpose, Swiss mice were divided into four groups that received standard diet (SD), standard diet plus AEHS (SDE), high-fat diet (HD) and high-fat diet plus AEHS (HDE). The EAHS was administered in the drinking water for the last 8 weeks of a total period of 18 weeks that animals received their diets. At the end of the experiment, the water and food intake, body weight, weight of adipose tissue pads, blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were evaluated. Data demonstrated the development of obesity in animals of group HD, which was associated to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, since this group showed increased area over the curve for insulin (p < 0.01) and glucose (p < 0.001) tolerance tests, along with augmented fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.05) when compared to SD group. Besides, HD group showed increased weight of retroperitoneal (p < 0.05), perirenal (p < 0.001) and periepididymal (p < 0.05) adipose pads, as well as augmented the adiposity index (p < 0.05), in comparison with SD group. The addition of AEHS to mice did not changed the liquid or food intake, but it was not possible to observe difference between HD and HDE groups in the majority of the parameters evaluated. This treatment only caused a reduction in the weight of perirenal adipose pad, without affection the adiposity index. In this way, AEHS did not change the effects caused by the induction of obesity in mice, in contrast to ethnobotanical studies that indicate the use of the bark of H. speciosa in obesity and body weight loss. A obesidade é uma condição endêmica, de grande importância nos dias atuais e para seu tratamento muitas alternativas farmacológicas ou não-farmacológicas são utilizadas. Dentre estas alternativas, encontram-se as plantas medicinais. Várias plantas são utilizadas para este fim no Brasil, mas os estudos etnobotânicos são restritos a regiões isoladas e não há na literatura estudos integrando estas informações para direcionar os estudos científicos. Neste contexto, no presente estudo foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre o uso de plantas medicinais no Brasil para a obesidade e perda de peso. Foram feitas buscas em bases de dados científicos com os termos ethnobotanical , obesity , weight loss , Brazil e suas variações em inglês e português e foram identificados 31 estudos que indicaram 43 espécies utilizadas popularmente para o fim proposto. As principais espécies encontradas foram Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. ( carqueja , 14 citações), Annona muricata L. ( graviola , 6 citações) e Hancornia speciosa Gomes ( mangabeira , 4 citações). Poucas evidências científicas foram encontradas para a maioria das plantas citadas nos estudos etnobotânicos, alertando para a necessidade de pesquisas para este fim. De forma interessante, a H. speciosa foi a terceira planta mais citada e os estudos etnobotânicos têm demonstrado que a casca do caule desta planta é a parte utilizada pela população para tratar a obesidade ou produzir perda de peso corpóreo. Como não há estudos que comprovem as ações desta planta sobe a obesidade e/ou perda de peso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal investigar o potencial terapêutico do extrato aquoso da casca do caule da H. speciosa (EAHS) no perfil glicêmico e adipogênico de camundongos obesos. Para cumprir este objetivo, foram utilizados camundongos Swiss divididos em 4 grupos que receberam dieta padrão (DP), dieta padrão associada ao EAHS (DPE), dieta hiperlipídica (DH) e dieta hiperlipídica associada ao EAHS (DHE). O EAHS foi administrado na água de beber durante as 8 últimas semanas de um período total de 18 semanas em que os animais receberam as respectivas dietas. Ao final do experimento foram avaliados o consumo hídrico e de ração, peso corporal, peso dos coxins adiposos, glicemia, sensibilidade à insulina e tolerância à glicose. Foi observado o desenvolvimento de obesidade nos animais do grupo DH, associado à resistência à insulina e intolerância à glicose, pois este grupo apresentou maior área sob a curva nos testes de tolerância à insulina (p < 0,001) e à glicose (p < 0,001), além de maior glicemia de jejum (p < 0,05), quando comparado ao grupo DP. Além disso, o grupo DH mostrou aumento da massa dos coxins retroperitoneal (p < 0,05), perirenal (p < 0,001) e periepididimal (p < 0,05), bem como elevou o índice de adiposidade (p < 0,05) em comparação ao grupo DP. A adição do EAHS não alterou a ingestão hídrica ou consumo de ração dos animais, porém não foi possível observar diferença entre os grupos DH e DHE na grande maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. Este tratamento apenas reduziu significativamente a massa do coxim adiposo perirenal, sem afetar o índice de adiposidade. Dessa forma, o EAHS não alterou os efeitos causados pela indução da obesidade em camundongos, contrastando com os estudos etnobotânicos que indicam o uso da casca da H. speciosa na obesidade e na perda de massa corpórea.
- Published
- 2015
9. Síndrome metabólica, perfil nutricional e risco cardiovascular
- Author
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Lima, Viviane do Nascimento, Silva, Maria Alayde Mendonça da, Costa, Ana Lucila dos Santos, and Barros Neto, João Araújo
- Subjects
Síndrome metabólica ,Obesidade ,Gastroplasty ,Hypertension ,Obesidade abdominal ,Resistência à insulina ,Insulin resistance ,Obesity ,Abdominal obesity ,Gastroplastia ,Metabolic syndrome ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO [CNPQ] ,Hipertensão - Abstract
One of Overweight consequences is the development of metabolic syndrome which is characterized as a complex disorder represented by a set of cardiovascular risk factors related to central fat distribution and insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment for morbid obesity (BMI ≥40,0 kg / m2), but the indication for surgery should take into consideration, in addition to BMI, the association of obesity with comorbidities in individuals in whom failure occurred in the clinical treatment for weight loss and presenting psychological conditions for the procedure. This thesis is divided in two studies. The first study, entitled Metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adult women: a systematic review and the second paper entitled Metabolic syndrome, nutritional status and cardiovascular risk. The first study deals with a systematic review performed in electronic databases PubMed and Scielo taking into account the last 10 years. 28 articles selected for reading and systematization. As a result, the prevalence of MS was identified high. In individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) higher prevalence was 44%. The criteria that make up the metabolic syndrome in this group, the HDL cholesterol was the most prevalent (67.6%) and fasting plasma glucose the lowest prevalence (4.3%). An interesting finding was the association of MS with PCOS, is important to conduct further studies to investigate this association. The purpose of the second study was to evaluate and compare the late effect of weight loss determined by bariatric surgery on the nutritional status and cardiovascular risk of individuals according to the Framingham score. This is an observational, longitudinal, prospective analytical of a sample of patients with obesity and bariatric surgery indication, inserted in the Bariatric Surgery Program, University Hospital Professor Alberto Antunes (HUPAA), the Federal University of Alagoas. It was observed that bariatric surgery was able to reduce a significant degree body weight, however, the loss was not enough to put all investigated within the normal range for BMI (BMI
- Published
- 2014
10. Logistics of collection and transportation of biological samples and the organization of the central laboratory in the ELSA-Brasil
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Ligia G Fedeli, José Geraldo Mill, Leite Cm, Isabela M. Benseñor, Viviane Câmara Maniero, Paulo A. Lotufo, Alexandre C. Pereira, Cristina D. Castilhos, Pedro Guatimosim Vidigal, Robercia dos Anjos Pimentel, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, and Universidade do Estado de São Paulo
- Subjects
Estudos de Coortes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,Urine ,Type 2 diabetes ,Logistics ,Urinalysis ,Urinálise ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Insulin resistance ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Multicenter Studies as Topic, methods ,Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos ,Sistemas de Informação em Laboratório Clínico ,Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ,Gynecology ,Hematologic Tests ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Testes Hematologicos ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Tecnicas e Procedimentos Diagnosticos ,Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto, métodos ,medicine.disease ,Testes Hematológicos ,Sistemas de Informacao em Laboratorio Clinico ,chemistry ,Logística ,BRASIL ,Uric acid ,Logistica ,Urinalise ,business ,Clinical Laboratory Information Systems ,Dyslipidemia ,Estudos Multicentricos como Assunto, metodos ,Cohort study - Abstract
O Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) é um estudo de coorte multicêntrico com o objetivo de identificar os fatores de risco associados ao diabetes tipo 2 e à doença cardiovascular na população brasileira. O artigo descreve as estratégias de coleta, processamento, transporte e de controle de qualidade dos exames de sangue e urina no ELSA. O estudo optou pela centralização dos exames em um único laboratório. O processamento das amostras foi realizado nos laboratórios locais, reduzindo o peso do material a ser transportado e diminuindo os custos do transporte para o laboratório central no Hospital da Universidade de São Paulo. O estudo incluiu exames para avaliação de diabetes, resistência à insulina, dislipidemias, alterações eletrolíticas, hormônios tireoidianos, ácido úrico, alterações de enzimas hepáticas, inflamação e hemograma completo. Além desses exames, foram estocados DNA de leucócitos, amostras de urina, plasma e soro. O laboratório central realizou aproximadamente 375.000 exames. The ELSA (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health) is a multicenter cohort study which aims at the identification of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the Brazilian population. The paper describes the strategies for the collection, processing, transportation, and quality control of blood and urine tests in the ELSA. The study decided to centralize the tests at one single laboratory. The processing of the samples was performed at the local laboratories, reducing the weight of the material to be transported, and diminishing the costs of transportation to the central laboratory at the Universidade de São Paulo Hospital. The study included tests for the evaluation of diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, electrolyte abnormalities, thyroid hormones, uric acid, hepatic enzyme abnormalities, inflammation, and total blood cell count. In addition, leukocyte DNA, urine, plasma and serum samples were stored. The central laboratory performed approximately 375,000 tests.
- Published
- 2013
11. Rol emergente del eje GH/IGF-I en el control cardiometabólico
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Oliveira, Carla R.P, Meneguz-Moreno, Rafael A, Aguiar-Oliveira, Manuel H, and Barreto-Filho, José A. S
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fator de crescimento insulin-like I ,Lipólisis ,Lipólise ,resistência à insulina ,Lypolisis ,ghrelin ,insulin resistance ,metabolismo ,insulin-like growth factor I ,resistencia a la insulina ,metabolism ,factor de crecimiento insulin-like I ,grelina - Abstract
O hormônio de crescimento (GH), principal regulador do crescimento pós-natal, tem importantes ações metabólicas em diferentes tecidos, sinérgicas ou até antagônicas às do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina tipo I (IGF-I), produzido sobretudo no fígado após ligação do GH ao seu receptor. Experimentos em modelos animais indicam um papel importante do GH na resistência a insulina, enquanto o papel do IGF-I nessa condição ainda não está completamente elucidado. Em humanos, o GH promove aumento da lipólise e da oxidação lipídica, enquanto o IGF-I desencadeia o aumento da oxidação lipídica apenas cronicamente. Enquanto as ações sobre o crescimento são tempo limitado, as ações metabólicas e cardiovasculares do eixo GH/IGF-I perduram durante toda a vida. Os potenciais efeitos anabólicos do GH têm sido utilizados em condições crônicas e hipercatabólicas, embora as investigações sobre os desfechos clínicos ainda sejam escassas. Neste artigo, pretendemos revisar as ações metabólicas do GH oriundas de modelos animais, os estudos em humanos normais e indivíduos com deficiência de GH, diabete melito tipo 1, síndrome metabólica, estados hipercatabólicos e a relação do eixo GH/IGF-I com as adipocinas, disfunção endotelial e aterogênese Growth hormone (GH), the main regulator for post-natal growth, has important metabolic actions on different tissues, similar or opposite to insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I), mainly produced by the liver after the binding of GH to its receptor. Experiments with animal models indicate an important role of GH on insulin resistance although the IGF-I role is not yet completely established. In humans, GH promotes an increase on lypolisis and lipid oxidation, while IGF-I leads to an increase on lipid oxidation only in a chronic way. While growth actions are time-limited, metabolic and cardiovascular actions of the GH/IGF-I axis are throughout life. GH anabolic effects have been used on chronic and hypercatabolic conditions, although investigations on the clinical outcomes are still scarce. In this paper, we intend to review GH metabolic actions experienced by animal models, studies with normal humans and GH deficient individuals, individuals with diabetes mellitus type 1 and metabolic syndrome individuals, hypercatabolic states and the relationship between GH and adipokines, endothelial disfunction and atherogenesis la hormona de crecimiento (GH), principal regulador del crecimiento postnatal, tiene importantes acciones metabólicas en diversos tejidos, sinérgicas o incluso antagónicas a las del factor de crecimiento, a semejanza de la insulina tipo I (IGF-I) producido, principalmente, en el hígado y después del vínculo del GH con su receptor. Experimentos en modelos animales indican un papel importante del GH en la resistencia a la insulina, mientras que el papel del IGF-I en esa condición, todavía no está completamente elucidado. En los humanos, el GH genera el aumento de la lipólisis y de la oxidación lipídica, mientras que el IGF-I desencadena el aumento de la oxidación lipídica solamente desde el punto de vista crónico. Mientras las acciones sobre el crecimiento son de tiempo limitado, las acciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares del eje GH/IGF-I duran toda la vida. Los efectos potenciales anabólicos del GH han sido utilizados en condiciones crónicas e hipercatabólicas, aunque las investigaciones sobre los desenlaces clínicos todavía sean escasas. En este artículo, pretendemos revisar las acciones metabólicas del GH provenientes de modelos animales, los estudios en humanos normales y en individuos con deficiencia de GH, diabetes mellitus tipo 1, síndrome metabólico, estados hipercatabólicos y la relación del eje GH/IGF-I con las adipocinas, disfunción endotelial y aterogénesis
- Published
- 2011
12. Emerging role of the GH/IGF-I on cardiometabolic control
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Oliveira, Carla Raquel Pereira, Moreno, Rafael Alexandre Meneguz, Oliveira, Manuel Herminio de Aguiar, and Barreto Filho, José Augusto Soares
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Metabolismo ,Lipólisis ,Lipólise ,Lypolisis ,Metabolism ,Factor de crecimiento insulin-like I ,Grelina ,Fator de crescimento insulin-like I ,Resistência à insulina ,Insulin-like growth factor I ,Insulin resistance ,Resistencia a la insulina ,Ghrelin - Abstract
O hormônio de crescimento (GH), principal regulador do crescimento pós-natal, tem importantes ações metabólicas em diferentes tecidos, sinérgicas ou até antagônicas às do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina tipo I (IGF-I), produzido sobretudo no fígado após ligação do GH ao seu receptor. Experimentos em modelos animais indicam um papel importante do GH na resistência a insulina, enquanto o papel do IGF-I nessa condição ainda não está completamente elucidado. Em humanos, o GH promove aumento da lipólise e da oxidação lipídica, enquanto o IGF-I desencadeia o aumento da oxidação lipídica apenas cronicamente. Enquanto as ações sobre o crescimento são tempo limitado, as ações metabólicas e cardiovasculares do eixo GH/IGF-I perduram durante toda a vida. Os potenciais efeitos anabólicos do GH têm sido utilizados em condições crônicas e hipercatabólicas, embora as investigações sobre os desfechos clínicos ainda sejam escassas. Neste artigo, pretendemos revisar as ações metabólicas do GH oriundas de modelos animais, os estudos em humanos normais e indivíduos com deficiência de GH, diabete melito tipo 1, síndrome metabólica, estados hipercatabólicos e a relação do eixo GH/IGF-I com as adipocinas, disfunção endotelial e aterogênese._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Growth hormone (GH), the main regulator for post-natal growth, has important metabolic actions on different tissues, similar or opposite to insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I), mainly produced by the liver after the binding of GH to its receptor. Experiments with animal models indicate an important role of GH on insulin resistance although the IGF-I role is not yet completely established. In humans, GH promotes an increase on lypolisis and lipid oxidation, while IGF-I leads to an increase on lipid oxidation only in a chronic way. While growth actions are time-limited, metabolic and cardiovascular actions of the GH/IGF-I axis are throughout life. GH anabolic effects have been used on chronic and hypercatabolic conditions, although investigations on the clinical outcomes are still scarce. In this paper, we intend to review GH metabolic actions experienced by animal models, studies with normal humans and GH deficient individuals, individuals with diabetes mellitus type 1 and metabolic syndrome individuals, hypercatabolic states and the relationship between GH and adipokines, endothelial disfunction and atherogenesis._________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN: La hormona de crecimiento (GH), principal regulador del crecimiento postnatal, tiene importantes acciones metabólicas en diversos tejidos, sinérgicas o incluso antagónicas a las del factor de crecimiento, a semejanza de la insulina tipo I (IGF-I) producido, principalmente, en el hígado y después del vínculo del GH con su receptor. Experimentos en modelos animales indican un papel importante del GH en la resistencia a la insulina, mientras que el papel del IGF-I en esa condición, todavía no está completamente elucidado. En los humanos, el GH genera el aumento de la lipólisis y de la oxidación lipídica, mientras que el IGF-I desencadena el aumento de la oxidación lipídica solamente desde el punto de vista crónico. Mientras las acciones sobre el crecimiento son de tiempo limitado, las acciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares del eje GH/IGF-I duran toda la vida. Los efectos potenciales anabólicos del GH han sido utilizados en condiciones crónicas e hipercatabólicas, aunque las investigaciones sobre los desenlaces clínicos todavía sean escasas. En este artículo, pretendemos revisar las acciones metabólicas del GH provenientes de modelos animales, los estudios en humanos normales y en individuos con deficiencia de GH, diabetes mellitus tipo 1, síndrome metabólico, estados hipercatabólicos y la relación del eje GH/IGF-I con las adipocinas, disfunción endotelial y aterogénesis.
- Published
- 2011
13. Estimates of sodium consumption in Brazil, review of benefits related to limiting the consumption of this nutrient in the Metabolic Syndrome and assessment of impact of intervention at the workplace
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Flavio Sarno, Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni, Lenise Mondini, Maria do Rosário Gondim Peixoto, and Maria Teresa Zanella
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Male workers ,Meal ,Insulin resistance ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Adverse health effect ,Sodium ,medicine ,Increased physical activity ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Salt intake ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Introdução: O consumo excessivo de sódio tem se associado com vários efeitos prejudiciais à saúde, como aumento da pressão arterial (PA) e doença cardiovascular. Objetivos: Os objetivos da tese foram avaliar a disponibilidade de sódio no Brasil, analisar os efeitos de dietas com teores reduzidos de sódio em indivíduos com Síndrome Metabólica (SM) ou resistência à insulina (RI) e avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção que promoveu a redução da adição de sal aos alimentos. Sujeitos e métodos: A tese está composta de três artigos. O primeiro deles avaliou as aquisições de alimentos e bebidas realizadas pelos domicílios na Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar de 2002/2003 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. O segundo artigo revisou a literatura de forma sistemática acerca dos ensaios clínicos realizados em adultos entre anos de 2004 e 2008. E o último artigo avaliou o impacto de uma intervenção, baseada no modelo ecológico de promoção de saúde, na redução da adição de sal nos alimentos consumidos por trabalhadores de empresas da cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: A quantidade diária de sódio disponível para consumo nos domicílios brasileiros foi de 4,7 g per capita e para uma ingestão diária de 2.000 kcal. A maior parte do sódio disponível para consumo proveio do sal de cozinha e de condimentos à base desse sal (76,2%). A fração proveniente de alimentos processados com adição de sal representou 9,7por centodo total de sódio no quinto inferior da distribuição da renda per capita e 25,0por centono quinto superior. A restrição no consumo de sódio associou-se ao aumento da RI em dois artigos e à diminuição em três outros. Em sete dos nove artigos, uma dieta com teor reduzido de sódio determinou redução da PA e em dois artigos ocorreram efeitos adversos em marcadores da SM. Nas análises multivariadas, homens (IRR = 0,51) e aqueles considerados normotensos (IRR = 0,61) alocados no grupo intervenção no momento final apresentaram taxas menores de adição de sal ao prato quente. Conclusões: O consumo de sódio no Brasil excede largamente a recomendação máxima para esse nutriente. A maioria dos estudos da revisão sistemática mostrou efeitos benéficos da restrição moderada de sódio da dieta, associada ou não a outras modificações nutricionais ou ao aumento da atividade física. A intervenção realizada no ambiente de trabalho reduziu a taxa de relato de adição de sal no prato quente entre trabalhadores do sexo masculino e entre aqueles categorizados como normotensos Introduction: The excess of sodium consumption has been associated with several adverse health effects, such as increased of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease. Objectives: Evaluate the availability of sodium in Brazil, analyze the effects of diets with reduced sodium content in subjects with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) or insulin resistance (IR) and evaluate the impact of an intervention which promoted the reduction of adding salt to foods. Subjects and Methods: The thesis is composed of three articles. The first one assessed the food and beverage purchases made by households in the Household Budget Survey of 2002/2003, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The second article reviewed the literature in a systematic way about clinical trials performed in adults between the years 2004 and 2008. And the last paper assessed the impact of an intervention, based on the ecological model of health promotion, in reducing the added salt to foods consumed by employees of Sao Paulo based companies. Results: The daily amount of sodium available in Brazilian households was 4.7 g daily per person for 2,000 kcal intake. Most of the sodium available for consumption comes from the salt and salt based seasonings (76.2 per cent). The fraction derived from processed foods with added salt represented 9.7 per cent of total sodium intake at the bottom of per person income distribution and 25.0 per cent at the top fifth. The restriction in sodium intake was associated with increased IR in two articles and the decrease in three others. In seven of the nine articles, the salt intake restriction had caused decreased in BP and in two articles have occurred adverse effects on markers of MS. In multivariate analysis, men (IRR = 0.51) and those considered normotensive (IRR = 0.61) allocated in the intervention group at the final moment had lower rates of salt addition in the hot meal. Conclusions: The results indicate that sodium intake in Brazil far exceeds the maximum recommended intake for this nutrient. Most studies have shown beneficial effects of a diet with moderate sodium restriction, with or without other nutritional modifications or increased physical activity. The intervention carried out at the workplace reduced the reporting rate of salt addition in the hot meal by male workers and those categorized as normotensive
- Published
- 2010
14. Effects of Sitagliptin Treatment on Dysmetabolism, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes (ZDF Rat)
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Paulo F. Santos, Isabel Velada, Edite Teixeira-de-Lemos, Patrícia Garrido, C. Mega, Andreia Cristina de Melo, Rui Pinto, Filipa Pinto, Helena Vala, Liliana P. Ferreira, Flávio Reis, Belmiro Parada, Sara Nunes, Frederico Teixeira, José Sereno, and Rosa Fernandes
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,endocrine system diseases ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Interleukin-1beta ,Blood Pressure ,Type 2 diabetes ,Insulin ,biology ,Lipids ,C-Reactive Protein ,Sitagliptin ,Pyrazines ,type 2 diabetes ,lcsh:RB1-214 ,medicine.drug ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Article Subject ,Immunology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,sitagliptin ,Sitagliptin Phosphate ,Insulin resistance ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,lcsh:Pathology ,medicine ,Animals ,Zucker Diabetic Fatty ,Pancreas ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ,Adiponectin ,business.industry ,C-reactive protein ,Body Weight ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Cell Biology ,Triazoles ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Oxidative Stress ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,biology.protein ,Insulin Resistance ,business - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the chronic effect of sitagliptin on metabolic profile, inflammation, and redox status in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat, an animal model of obese type 2 diabetes. Diabetic and obese ZDF (fa/fa) rats and their controls (ZDF +/+) were treated during 6 weeks with vehicle (control) and sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/bw). Glucose, HbA1c, insulin, Total-c, TGs, IL-1β, TNF-α, CRPhs, and adiponectin were assessed in serum and MDA and TAS in serum, pancreas, and heart. Pancreatic histology was also evaluated. Sitagliptin in diabetic rats promoted a decrease in glucose, HbA1c, Total-c, and TGs accompanied by a partial prevention of insulinopenia, together, with a decrease in CRPhsand IL-1β. Sitagliptin also showed a positive impact on lipid peroxidation and hypertension prevention. In conclusion, chronic sitagliptin treatment corrected the glycaemic dysmetabolism, hypertriglyceridaemia, inflammation, and hypertension, reduced the severity of the histopathological lesions of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissues, together with a favourable redox status, which might be a further advantage in the management of diabetes and its proatherogenic comorbidities.
- Published
- 2010
15. Study of some inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome in overweight adolescents and in those metabolic obese normal weight
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Carvalho, Gisele Queiroz, Priore, Sílvia Eloiza, Paula, Sérgio Oliveira de, Peluzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia, Leite, Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez, and Ribeiro, Sônia Machado Rocha
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Metabolismo ,Síndrome metabólica ,Metabolism ,Obesidade ,Resistência à insulina ,Insulin resistance ,Obesity ,Adolescents ,Adolescentes ,Metabolic syndrome ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO [CNPQ] - Abstract
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais The subclinical chronic inflammation is confirmed as a new syndrome related to the development of insulin resistance. The fat tissue appears as important organ responsible for the increased expression of inflammatory substances, contributing to the development of this syndrome. This condition in adolescents with excess body fat is little known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory profile of adolescents in overweight female post-pubescent, in those metabolic obese normal weight adolescents resistant to insulin. It was also a goal to verify the relationship between peripheral expression of mediators TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 and the parameters related to metabolic syndrome. 72 female adolescents in post-pubescent were evaluated, 14 to 17 years old. They were divided into 3 groups: eutrophic (G1), metabolic obese normal weight (G2) and overweight (G3). Data related to the parameters of the metabolic syndrome were collected: waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, triglycerides, HDL, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After the measurement of biochemical parameters, 10 overweight adolescents which were not insulin resistant were selected and those formed the control group (Si), and 10 overweight adolescents with insulin resistance were also chosen (Ri). It was evaluated the expression of mediators TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 in groups of study, and the correlation of these cytokines with the parameters of the metabolic syndrome. It was observed that G2 had intermediary values of weight, IMC and %GC in comparison to G1 and G3. Glicemia and insulin resistance were increased in G2 in comparison to G1, not differing of the G3. Insulinemia was increased and HDL was decreased in G2 in comparison to G3. Evaluating the peripheral expression of citocinas of G2 and G3 in comparison to G1, G3 had increase of 6% and 31% in expression of TNF-α and IL-10, respectively, and G2 had increase of 44% in expression of IL-6, without differences in the expression of cytokines between G2 and G3. There was positive correlation between TNF-α and IL-6, and between IL-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the adolescents of G2, and in the adolescents with excess of body fat (G2 + G3), and positive correlation between IL-6 and glicemia (G2 group), and between IL-6 and triglycerides (G3 group). Considering overweight adolescents, there was no difference in the expression of cytokines evaluated among Si and Ri groups, although peripheric expression of IL-10 in the Ri group was 370% larger, regarding the Si group. In the adolescents of the Si group, IL-6 was positively correlated with IL-10, and negatively with insulinemia. IL-10 was negatively correlated with fast glicemia in the Si group. In the Ri group, there was no correlation between expression of cytokines and the parameters related with the metabolic syndrome. In the present study, Metabolic obese normal weight adolescents had metabolic profile, inflammatory profile and body composition similar to adolescents with overweight. It demonstrated the possible relation between IL-6 and glicemia and triglycerides. The positive correlations between IL-10 and TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6, as well as the increased expression of IL-10 in overweigh adolescents regarding the eutrophic, suggests an attempt to inhibition the production of these citocinas by IL-10. Overweight adolescents with insulin resistance had similar peripehric expression to those overweight adolescents without insulin resistance. The increase of IL-10, and their negative correlation with fast glicêmica, can indicate possible protective paper of this cytokine in the development of cardiovascular risk factors. A inflamação crônica subclínica se configura como nova síndrome relacionada com o desenvolvimento da resistência insulínica. O tecido adiposo aparece como importante órgão responsável pelo aumento da expressão de substâncias inflamatórias, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento desta síndrome. Pouco se sabe sobre essa condição em adolescentes com excesso de gordura corporal. O objetivo este estudo foi avaliar o perfil inflamatório de adolescentes do gênero feminino póspúberes com sobrepeso e nas metabolicamente obesas de peso normal , e de adolescentes com sobrepeso resistentes à insulina. Também foi intuito verificar a relação entre a expressão periférica dos mediadores TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-10 e os parâmetros relacionados com a síndrome metabólica. Foram avaliadas 72 adolescentes do gênero feminino pós-púberes, de 14 a 17 anos de idade, divididas em 3 grupos: eutróficas (G1), metabolicamente obesas de peso normal (G2) e sobrepeso (G3). Coletaram-se dados relacionados aos parâmetros da síndrome metabólica: circunferência da cintura, glicemia de jejum, insulinemia de jejum, resistência insulínica, triglicerídeos, HDL, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Após a aferição dos parâmetros bioquímicos, do grupo de adolescentes com sobrepeso foram selecionadas 10 adolescentes sem resistência insulínica, as quais constituíam o grupo controle (Si), e 10 adolescentes com resistência insulínica (Ri). Avaliou-se a expressão dos mediadores TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-10 nos grupos de estudo, e a correlação desses mediadores com os parâmetros da síndrome metabólica. Foi possível constatar que G2 apresentou valores intermediários de peso, IMC e %GC em comparação com G1 e G3. Maiores valores de glicemia e de resistência insulínica foram verificados no G2 em relação ao G1, não diferindo do G3. G2 apresentou maiores valores de insulinemia e menores de HDL que G3. Avaliando-se a expressão periférica das citocinas do G2 e G3 em relação ao G1, G3 apresentou aumento na expressão de TNF-α e IL-10 de 6% e 31%, respectivamente, e o G2 apresentou aumento de 44% na expressão de IL-6, não havendo diferenças na expressão das citocinas entre G2 e G3. Verificou-se correlação positiva entre TNF-α e IL-6, e entre IL-10 e as citocinas pró-inflamatórias nas adolescentes do G2, e nas adolescentes com excesso de gordura corporal (G2 + G3), e correlação positiva entre a IL-6 e glicemia (grupo G2), e entre IL-6 e triglicerídeos (grupo G3). Em relação às adolescentes com sobrepeso, não houve diferença na expressão das citocinas avaliadas entre os grupos Si e Ri, embora a expressão periférica de IL-10 no grupo Ri tenha apresentado-se 370% maior, em relação ao grupo Si. Nas adolescentes do grupo Si, IL-6 correlacionou-se positivamente com IL-10, e negativamente com a insulinemia. IL-10 correlacionouse negativamente com glicemia de jejum no grupo Si. No grupo Ri, não houve correlação entre a expressão de citocinas e os parâmetros relacionados com a síndrome metabólica. No presente estudo, adolescentes metabolicamente obesas de peso normal apresentaram perfil metabólico, inflamatório e de composição corporal semelhante à de adolescentes com sobrepeso. Demonstrou-se possível relação entre IL-6 e glicemia e triglicerídeos. A correlação positiva entre IL-10 e TNF-α e IL- 6, bem como a maior expressão de IL-10 nas adolescentes com sobrepeso em relação às eutróficas, sugere tentativa de inibição da produção dessas citocinas pela IL-10. Nas adolescentes com sobrepeso, aquelas resistentes à insulina apresentaram expressão periférica dos marcadores inflamatórios semelhante àquelas com excesso de peso sem resistência insulínica. O aumento da IL-10, e sua correlação negativa com a glicemia de jejum, indica possível papel protetor desta citocina no desenvolvimento de fatores de risco cardiovasculares.
- Published
- 2008
16. Potencial terapêutico para a prevenção e tratamento da nefropatia e neuropatia diabéticas: evidências do uso do cilostazol
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Vera Lúcia Portal, Marcelo Pereira da Rosa, and Gislaine Verginia Baroni
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Diabetic complications ,Nephropathy ,Diabetic nephropathy ,Insulin resistance ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Inibidores de fosfodiesterase ,business.industry ,Complicações do diabetes ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Intermittent claudication ,Cilostazol ,Endocrinology ,Phosphodiesterase inhibitors ,Platelet aggregation inhibitor ,Neuropatias do diabetes ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Fibrinolytic agent ,Diabetic neuropathies ,medicine.drug - Abstract
O cilostazol é um inibidor seletivo da fosfodiesterase tipo III com ação vasodilatadora, antiagregante plaquetária e antitrombótica. É considerada a droga de primeira escolha na claudicação intermitente devido à doença arterial obstrutiva periférica. Vários estudos demonstraram melhora significativa na distância percorrida na caminhada sem dor e na qualidade de vida, sem aumentar o risco de sangramento. Essas ações também foram verificadas em pacientes diabéticos, pois o cilostazol não afeta o metabolismo da glicose. Estudos, principalmente experimentais, têm mostrado resultados satisfatórios na melhora do fluxo sangüíneo neural, na atividade da bomba de sódio e potássio, na resistência à insulina e na microalbuminúria. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma revisão do uso do cilostazol na prevenção e no tratamento das complicações do diabetes mellitus, como nefropatia e neuropatia. Ressalta-se a necessidade do controle adequado dos níveis glicêmicos, da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e do tabagismo. Um maior número de estudos clínicos é necessário para melhor compreensão desses efeitos benéficos. Cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase type III inhibitor, has vasodilatory, antiplatelet, and antithrombotic actions, as well as being the first-choice drug for the intermittent claudication due to peripheral vascular disease. Main researches have demonstrated significant improvement for this situation, including patients with diabetes mellitus, concerning pain-free walking distance and quality-of-life, not rising the bleeding event risk. It does not affect the glucose metabolism even in patients suffering from diabetes. This paper aims to present a review on the discoveries of various studies, most of them experimental, on the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus complications, such as nephropathy and neuropathy, through the use of cilostazol, which demonstrated satisfactory results on the improvement in neural blood flow, on sodium-potassium ATPase activity, on insulin resistance, and microalbuminuria. However, strict controlling of glucose plasma levels, hypertension, and smoking habits, as well as more extended investigations on the matter are required to the better comprehension.
- Published
- 2007
17. Diagnosis, risk factors and pathogenesis of preeclampsia
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Orcy, Rafael Bueno, Pedrini, Renata Ortiz, Piccinini, Pedro Salomão, Schroeder, Sabrina Soraia, Costa, Sergio Hofmeister de Almeida Martins, Ramos, José Geraldo Lopes, Capp, Edison, and Corleta, Helena von Eye
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Fatores de risco ,Etiologia ,Diagnosis ,Physiopathology ,Pré-eclâmpsia ,Resistência à insulina ,Insulin resistance ,Risk factors ,Preeclampsia - Abstract
A pré-eclâmpsia é uma doença da gestação que pode determinar restrição no crescimento fetal, prematuridade e, em casos mais graves, morte da mãe e do feto. Caracteriza-se por hipertensão arterial materna, proteinúria significativa ( 0,3 g/24h), edema, vasoconstrição do leito vascular materno e conseqüente aumento da resistência vascular. Muitos estudos discutem fatores de risco, patogênese e critérios para o diagnóstico da pré-eclampsia, porém as variações na forma de apresentação e de evolução clínica dessa doença dificultam o entendimento dos resultados obtidos, freqüentemente conflitantes. A padronização diagnóstica e as pesquisas de base genética e molecular podem trazer, em um futuro próximo, maior compreensão dessa patologia. Neste artigo apresentamos uma revisão da literatura, com destaque para a relação entre pré-eclâmpsia e resistência à insulina. Preeclampsia is an illness of the gestation that involves fetal growth restriction, prematurity and, in more severe cases, death of mother and fetus. It is characterized by maternal hypertension, significant proteinuria ( 0,3 g/24h), edema, vasoconstriction of maternal blood vessels and consequent increase in vascular resistance. Many studies discuss risk factors, pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria of preeclampsia; however, there are large variations in presentation and clinical course of this illness, which make interpretation of frequently conflicting results difficult. Diagnostic standardization and research of genetic and molecular bases can bring a better understanding of this pathology in a near future. In this paper, we present a review of the literature, stressing the relation between preeclampsia and insulin resistance.
- Published
- 2007
18. Distribuição centrípeta da gordura corporal, sobrepeso e aptidão cardiorrespiratória: associação com sensibilidade insulínica e alterações metabólicas
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José Luciano T. da Silva, Décio Sabbatini Barbosa, Dartagnan Pinto Guedes, and Jair Aparecido de Oliveira
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Intra-Abdominal Fat ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Physical fitness ,Overweight ,Centripetal obesity ,Insulin resistance ,Waist–hip ratio ,Síndrome metabólica ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Obesidade centrípeta ,business.industry ,Cardiorespiratory fitness ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Metabolic syndrome ,Obesity ,Surgery ,Resistência insulínica ,Endocrinology ,Pressão arterial ,Blood pressure ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar associações entre a distribuição centrípeta da gordura corporal e lipídios-lipoproteínas séricos, pressão arterial e índice Homa-IR de resistência insulínica, mediante ajuste estatístico de indicadores quanto ao sobrepeso e à aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Foram analisados 89 voluntários (44 homens e 45 mulheres). A distribuição centrípeta da gordura foi analisada através de circunferência da cintura (CC) e o sobrepeso pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC). A aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi acompanhada pelo VO2máx estimado por teste de caminhada. Após ajuste pelos valores de IMC verificamos coeficientes de correlação significativos entre CC e níveis de pressão arterial e ApoB em homens, e entre CC e índice Homa-IR e triglicerídios em mulheres. Após ajuste pelos valores de VO2máx observamos correlações significativas entre CC e ApoB e índice Homa-IR em homens, e entre CC e índice Homa-IR em mulheres. Conclui-se que, dependendo do sexo, a quantidade e a distribuição da gordura corporal podem apresentar ações distintas na resistência insulínica e nas disfunções associadas. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória per se parece não contribuir na minimização da associação entre a distribuição centrípeta da gordura e o índice Homa-IR; porém, apresenta considerável impacto na associação entre a distribuição centrípeta da gordura e o metabolismo lipídico e os níveis de pressão arterial, sobretudo nos homens. The purpose of this paper was to investigate associations between the centripetal distribution of the body fat and serum lipid-lipoproteins, blood pressure and the index Homa-IR of insulin resistance, adjusting for indicators of overweight and cardiorespiratory fitness. Eighty-nine voluntaries were analyzed (44 men and 45 women). The centripetal distribution of the body fat was analyzed through waist circumference (CC) and the overweight by the body mass index (BMI). The cardiorespiratory fitness was followed by the estimate VO2max by test of walking. After adjusted for BMI values were found significant coefficient of correlation between CC and levels of blood pressure and ApoB in men, and between CC and index Homa-IR and triglycerides in women. After adjusted for VO2max values were verified significant correlations between CC and ApoB and index Homa-IR in men, and between CC and index Homa-IR in women. In conclusion, depending on the sex, the quantity and distribution of the body fat can present different actions in the insulin resistance and associated dysfunctions. The cardiorespiratory fitness per se seems not to contribute on the minimization of the association between the centripetal distribution of the body fat and the index Homa-IR; but presents a considerable impact on the association between the centripetal distribution of the body fat and the lipid metabolism and the levels of blood pressure, mainly in men.
- Published
- 2006
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