9 results on '"Evolutionary biology"'
Search Results
2. Museomics Dissects the Genetic Basis for Adaptive Seasonal Coloration in the Least Weasel
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Love Dalén, João Pimenta, Karol Zub, José Melo-Ferreira, L. Scott Mills, Liliana Farelo, Marketa Zimova, Inês M. Miranda, Iwona Giska, Jarosław Bryk, and Faculdade de Ciências
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Coat ,natural history collections ,genetic structures ,Population ,Biology ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01180 ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Mustela nivalis ,03 medical and health sciences ,melanocortin-1 receptor gene ,Genetic variation ,Mustelidae ,Genetics ,Animals ,education ,genotype–phenotype association ,Molecular Biology ,Least weasel ,Discoveries ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Mammals ,education.field_of_study ,Pigmentation ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01130 ,biology.organism_classification ,White (mutation) ,Phenotype ,030104 developmental biology ,Evolutionary biology ,Camouflage ,seasonal coat color change ,Seasons ,Adaptation ,Selective sweep - Abstract
Dissecting the link between genetic variation and adaptive phenotypes provides outstanding opportunities to understand fundamental evolutionary processes. Here, we use a museomics approach to investigate the genetic basis and evolution of winter coat coloration morphs in least weasels (Mustela nivalis), a repeated adaptation for camouflage in mammals with seasonal pelage color moults across regions with varying winter snow. Whole-genome sequence data were obtained from biological collections and mapped onto a newly assembled reference genome for the species. Sampling represented two replicate transition zones between nivalis and vulgaris coloration morphs in Europe, which typically develop white or brown winter coats, respectively. Population analyses showed that the morph distribution across transition zones is not a by-product of historical structure. Association scans linked a 200-kb genomic region to coloration morph, which was validated by genotyping museum specimens from intermorph experimental crosses. Genotyping the wild populations narrowed down the association to pigmentation gene MC1R and pinpointed a candidate amino acid change cosegregating with coloration morph. This polymorphism replaces an ancestral leucine residue by lysine at the start of the first extracellular loop of the protein in the vulgaris morph. A selective sweep signature overlapped the association region in vulgaris, suggesting that past adaptation favored winter-brown morphs and can anchor future adaptive responses to decreasing winter snow. Using biological collections as valuable resources to study natural adaptations, our study showed a new evolutionary route generating winter color variation in mammals and that seasonal camouflage can be modulated by changes at single key genes.
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- 2021
3. First genomic microsatellite markers developed for Platonia insignis (Clusiaceae), a Brazilian fruit tree
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Simone de Miranda Rodrigues, Luany Caroline Ribeiro Paraense, Elisa Ferreira Moura, Sylvain Darnet, Dayane Nascimento Pena, Ilmarina Campos de Menezes, LUANY CAROLINE RIBEIRO PARAENSE, UFRA, DAYANE NASCIMENTO PENA, UFRA, SYLVAIN HENRI DARNET, UFPA, SIMONE DE MIRANDA RODRIGUES, CPATU, ILMARINA CAMPOS DE MENEZES, CPATU, and ELISA FERREIRA MOURA CUNHA, CPATU.
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Platonia Insignis ,DNA, Plant ,Genotype ,Oligonucleotides ,Asexual reproduction ,Biology ,DNA sequencing ,Genetic diversity ,Trees ,Loss of heterozygosity ,Simple sequence repeats ,Next generation sequencing ,Clusiaceae ,Genetics ,Molecular Biology ,Alleles ,DNA Primers ,Diversidade genética ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Genomics ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Sequenciamento genético ,Bacuri ,Evolutionary biology ,Fruit ,Microsatellite ,Brazil ,Fruit tree ,Microsatellite Repeats ,Platonia - Abstract
Platonia insignis is a fruit tree native of Brazil with allogamous and asexual reproduction. The production of fruits is mainly obtained by exploitation of natural populations and the impact of genetic structuring on plant production may be evaluated. For this purpose, codominant and multiallelic markers such as microsatellite are the most suitable, but they need to be developed for this species. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop and validate microsatellite markers for P. insignis. We used Roche 454 GS FLX sequencing platform of a single P. insignis genotype and 1702 microsatellite sequences were identified. Based on some pre-requisites, we could develop 50 primer pairs to be tested. Twenty-two primer pairs successfully amplified fragments and they were tested in 31 genotypes of P. insignis that belong to a germplasm bank and were sampled in the northeast of Pará State, Brazil. Thirteen primers were polymorphic and the number of alleles per loci varied from 5 (PI18 and PI27) to 2 (PI08, PI25, PI31, PI33 and PI 37). Expected heterozygosity (HE) varied from 0.74 (PI27) to 0.12 (PI31)b and observed heterozygosity (HO) varied from 1.00 (PI25) to 0.00 (PI08, PI31, PI33 and PI37). Principal coordinates could separate the genotypes of P. insignis in clusters and we can conclude that the primers can estimate the genetic diversity of P. insignis populations. Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-18T17:35:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paraense2020-Article-FirstGenomicMicrosatelliteMark.pdf: 664005 bytes, checksum: b3933989f950bfaf7fb724cc2d64b267 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Short Comunication.
- Published
- 2020
4. Genomics detects population structure within and between ocean basins in a circumpolar seabird: The white‐chinned petrel
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Yasmin Foster, Richard A. Phillips, Yves Cherel, John C. McEwan, Kalinka Rexer-Huber, Jonathan M. Waters, Bruce C. Robertson, Andrew Stanworth, Tracey C. van Stijn, Andrew J. Veale, Ludovic Dutoit, David R. Thompson, Paulo Catry, Graham C. Parker, Peter G. Ryan, Department of Zoology, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Parker Conservation [New Zealand], MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal], Instituto Universitário [Portugal], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgResearch [New Zealand], Invermay Agricultural Centre [New Zealand], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town-DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, Falklands Conservation, and National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA)
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,seabird ,Genotype ,population genomics ,Genetic Speciation ,Range (biology) ,Population ,GBS ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Birds ,Evolution, Molecular ,Population genomics ,03 medical and health sciences ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,genetic structure ,Animals ,14. Life underwater ,education ,Southern Ocean ,Atlantic Ocean ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Isolation by distance ,Genetic diversity ,education.field_of_study ,Genome ,biology ,Chromosome Mapping ,Genetic Variation ,circumpolar ,Cytochromes b ,biology.organism_classification ,Procellaria aequinoctialis ,Genetics, Population ,030104 developmental biology ,Circumpolar ,Evolutionary biology ,Genetic structure ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Animal Migration ,Seabird ,Population genomics seabird ,New Zealand - Abstract
The Southern Ocean represents a continuous stretch of circumpolar marine habitat, but the potential physical and ecological drivers of evolutionary genetic differentiation across this vast ecosystem remain unclear. We tested for genetic structure across the full circumpolar range of the white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) to unravel the potential drivers of population differentiation and test alternative population differentiation hypotheses. Following range-wide comprehensive sampling, we applied genomic (genotyping-by-sequencing or GBS; 60,709 loci) and standard mitochondrial-marker approaches (cytochrome b and first domain of control region) to quantify genetic diversity within and among island populations, test for isolation by distance, and quantify the number of genetic clusters using neutral and outlier (non-neutral) loci. Our results supported the multi-region hypothesis, with a range of analyses showing clear three-region genetic population structure, split by ocean basin, within two evolutionary units. The most significant differentiation between these regions confirmed previous work distinguishing New Zealand and nominate subspecies. Although there was little evidence of structure within the island groups of the Indian or Atlantic oceans, a small set of highly-discriminatory outlier loci could assign petrels to ocean basin and potentially to island group, though the latter needs further verification. Genomic data hold the key to revealing substantial regional genetic structure within wide-ranging circumpolar species previously assumed to be panmictic. Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCT info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2019
5. Diversity across major and candidate genes in European local pig breeds
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Radomir Savić, Riccardo Bozzi, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, Juliette Riquet, José Pedro Araújo, María Muñoz, Goran Kušec, Čedomir Radović, Ana Isabel Fernández, Estefania Alves, Jordi Estellé, Fabián García, Marie J. Mercat, Rui Charneca, Alessandro Crovetti, Christoph Zimmer, Danijel Karolyi, Luca Fontanesi, Juan García-Casco, Maurizio Gallo, J.M. Martins, Ivona Djurkin-Kušec, Martin Škrlep, Raquel Quintanilla, Cristina Óvilo, Violeta Razmaite, Yolanda Núñez, J. Tibau, Claudia Geraci, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Kmetijski Institut Slovenije, Partenaires INRAE, Universidade de Évora, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Bäuerliche Erzeugergemeinschaft Schwäbisch Hall (BESH), Lithuanian University of Health Science (LUSH), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Faculty of Agriculture, Université nationale du Rwanda, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini, Slovenian Research Agency P4-0133, European Project: 634476,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,TREASURE(2015), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Producció Animal, Genètica i Millora Animal, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo = Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo (IPVC), Muñoz, María, Bozzi, Riccardo, García, Fabián, Núñez, Yolanda, Geraci, Claudia, Crovetti, Alessandro, García-Casco, Juan, Alves, Estefania, Škrlep, Martin, Charneca, Rui, Martins, Jose M., Quintanilla, Raquel, Tibau, Joan, Kušec, Goran, Djurkin-Kušec, Ivona, Mercat, Marie J., Riquet, Juliette, Estellé, Jordi, Zimmer, Christoph, Razmaite, Violeta, Araujo, Jose P., Radović, Čedomir, Savić, Radomir, Karolyi, Danijel, Gallo, Maurizio, Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta, Fontanesi, Luca, Fernández, Ana I., and Óvilo, Cristina
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pig ,European People ,Swine ,IGF2-INTRON3-G3072A SUBSTITUTION ,Population genetics ,Lithuanian People ,Breeding ,Biochemistry ,FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION ,PORCINE ,genetic structure ,Ethnicities ,Animal Husbandry ,lcsh:Science ,reproductive traits ,Mammals ,education.field_of_study ,pig breeds ,Eukaryota ,Lipids ,Breed ,Alentejana ,PROMOTER REGION ,Genetic diversity, pig, candidate genes, local breeds, SNPs ,Genetic structure ,[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,Genotype ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Quantitative Trait Loci / genetics ,Candidate genes ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic ,Genetics ,education ,ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR LOCUS ,Alleles ,Genetic association ,BACKFAT THICKNESS ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Biology and Life Sciences ,meat quality trait ,estrogen receptor locus ,genetic ,feed-intake ,coat color ,mutations ,040201 dairy & animal science ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetics, Population ,Food ,Genetic Loci ,Evolutionary biology ,Mutation ,Population Groupings ,lcsh:Q ,Population Genetics ,0301 basic medicine ,Candidate gene ,lcsh:Medicine ,meat quality ,Fats ,Animal Products ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Animal Management ,2. Zero hunger ,Multidisciplinary ,pigs ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,productive traits ,disease resistance traits ,Phenotype ,Vertebrates ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / genetics ,Autre (Sciences du Vivant) ,Research Article ,Meat ,Population ,pig morphological traits ,SNP ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,candidate mutations ,udc:636 ,MC4R GENE ,Animals ,Nutrition ,Evolutionary Biology ,Genetic diversity ,Population Biology ,MEAT QUALITY TRAITS ,biology.organism_classification ,Diet ,causal mutations ,Spain ,Amniotes ,People and Places ,local breed ,marker ,Local breeds - Abstract
The aim of this work was to analyse the distribution of causal and candidate mutations associated to relevant productive traits in twenty local European pig breeds. Also, the potential of the SNP panel employed for elucidating the genetic structure and relationships among breeds was evaluated. Most relevant genes and mutations associated with pig morphological, productive, meat quality, reproductive and disease resistance traits were prioritized and analyzed in a maximum of 47 blood samples from each of the breeds (Alentejana, Apulo- Calabrese, Basque, Bísara, Majorcan Black, Black Slavonian (Crna slavonska), Casertana, Cinta Senese, Gascon, Iberian, Krškopolje (Krškopoljski), Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Lithuanian White Old Type, Mora Romagnola, Moravka, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein (Swabian Hall pig), Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa and Turopolje). We successfully analyzed allelic variation in 39 polymorphisms, located in 33 candidate genes. Results provide relevant information regarding genetic diversity and segregation of SNPs associated to production and quality traits. Coat color and morphological trait-genes that show low level of segregation, and fixed SNPs may be useful for traceability. On the other hand, we detected SNPs which may be useful for association studies as well as breeding programs. For instance, we observed predominance of alleles that might be unfavorable for disease resistance and boar taint in most breeds and segregation of many alleles involved in meat quality, fatness and growth traits. Overall, these findings provide a detailed catalogue of segregating candidate SNPs in 20 European local pig breeds that may be useful for traceability purposes, for association studies and for breeding schemes. Population genetic analyses based on these candidate genes are able to uncover some clues regarding the hidden genetic substructure of these populations, as the extreme genetic closeness between Iberian and Alentejana breeds and an uneven admixture of the breeds studied. The results are in agreement with available knowledge regarding breed history and management, although largest panels of neutral markers should be employed to get a deeper understanding of the population’s structure and relationships.
- Published
- 2018
6. Uncovered variability in olive moth (Prays oleae) questions species monophyly
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Tânia Nobre, Fernando Rei, and Luis Gomes
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Heredity ,Speciation ,Moths ,01 natural sciences ,Trees ,Monophyly ,Phylogeny ,Data Management ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Eukaryota ,Phylogenetic Analysis ,Plants ,Prays oleae ,Insects ,Phylogenetics ,Genetic Mapping ,Sympatric speciation ,Moths and Butterflies ,Medicine ,Insect Proteins ,Ecological Niches ,Research Article ,Olive Trees ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Evolutionary Processes ,Arthropoda ,Ecological Metrics ,Science ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,diversity ,Electron Transport Complex IV ,03 medical and health sciences ,Open Reading Frames ,Olea ,Genetic variation ,Cryptic Speciation ,Genetics ,Animals ,Evolutionary Systematics ,Genetic variability ,Taxonomy ,Ecological niche ,Evolutionary Biology ,fungi ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Genetic Variation ,Species Diversity ,NADH Dehydrogenase ,biology.organism_classification ,Invertebrates ,Olive trees ,Protein Subunits ,030104 developmental biology ,Haplotypes ,Evolutionary biology ,olive moth ,PEST analysis - Abstract
The olive moth -Prays oleae Bern.- remains a significant pest of olive trees showing situation dependent changes in population densities and in severity of damages. The genetic variability of olive moth was assessed on three main olive orchards regions in Portugal by three different markers (COI, nad5 and RpS5), suggesting high species diversity albeit with no obvious relation with a regional pattern nor to an identified ecological niche. Selected COI sequences obtained in this study were combined with those available in the databases for Prays genus to generate a global dataset. The reconstruction of the Prays phylogeny based on this marker revealed the need to revise Prays oleae to confirm its status of single species: COI data suggests the co-existence of two sympatric evolutionary lineages of morphologically cryptic olive moth. We show, however, that the distinct mitochondrial subdivision observed in the partial COI gene fragment is not corroborated by the other DNA sequences. There is the need of understanding this paradigm and the extent of Prays variability, as the disclosure of lineage-specific differences in biological traits between the identified lineages is fundamental for the development of appropriate pest management practices.
- Published
- 2018
7. Por que o desenvolvimento ontogenético foi tratado como uma 'caixa preta' na síntese moderna da evolução?
- Author
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Aldo Mellender de Araújo and Leonardo Augusto Luvison Araújo
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Genetic inheritance ,Modern evolutionary synthesis ,Population ,evolutionary synthesis ,medicine.disease_cause ,History and Philosophy of Biology ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Particulate inheritance ,Heredity ,medicine ,Síntese Moderna da Evolução ,embryology ,genetics ,História e Filosofia da Biologia ,education ,lcsh:B1-5802 ,education.field_of_study ,Embriologia ,Philosophy ,lcsh:Philosophy (General) ,scientific practices ,Genética ,Prática Científica ,Epistemology ,Evolutionary biology ,Research strategies ,lcsh:B ,lcsh:Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis relegated the ontogenetic development to a “black box”. In this article, we argue that the absence of ontogenetic development in the Evolutionary Synthesis was due its strong foundation in transmission genetics. We discuss three research strategies of transmission genetics that created an incompatibility with the ontogenetic development: (i) particulate inheritance model; (ii) population as locus for genetics research; (iii) and experimental tools that have been applied to remove “non-heritable fluctuations” from ontogenetic and environmental effects. These practices have contributed to the strength of the genetic inheritance, but also excluded the ontogenetic development from the explanation of heredity and evolution. This distinction has been perpetuated in the Evolutionary Synthesis. A Síntese Moderna da Evolução tratou o desenvolvimento ontogenético como uma “caixa preta”. Neste artigo pretendemos defender que a ausência do desenvolvimento ontogenético na Síntese Moderna se deveu, em grande medida, à forte fundação dessa disciplina na genética da transmissão. São discutidas três estratégias de pesquisa da genética da transmissão que estiveram diretamente envolvidas com a omissão do desenvolvimento ontogenético na Síntese Moderna: (i) o modelo de herança de partículas; (ii) a população como locus de pesquisa; (iii) e a adoção de ferramentas experimentais que procuraram remover “flutuações não hereditárias” de origem ambiental e ontogenética. Essas práticas contribuíram para a solidez da herança genética, mas também excluíram o desenvolvimento ontogenético da explicação causal da hereditariedade e evolução dos seres vivos. Procuramos argumentar que essa perspectiva foi central na Síntese Moderna, sendo importante para manter o poder explicativo da disciplina.
- Published
- 2015
8. The mitochondrial genome of Prays oleae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Praydidae)
- Author
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Fernando Rei, Barbara van Asch, Luís Teixeira da Costa, Isabel Pereira-Castro, and Imen Blibech
- Subjects
Synapomorphy ,Mitochondrial DNA ,Base Composition ,genoma ,Base Sequence ,fungi ,Prays oleae ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,Lepidoptera ,Ditrysia ,Start codon ,Evolutionary biology ,Transfer RNA ,Botany ,Genome, Mitochondrial ,Genetics ,Animals ,Clade ,Molecular Biology ,Base Pairing - Abstract
Prays oleae is one of the most important olive tree pests and a species of interest in evolutionary studies, as it belongs to one of the oldest extant superfamilies of Ditrysian Lepidoptera. We determined its mitogenome sequence, and found it has common features for Lepidoptera, e.g. an >80% A + T content, an apparent CGA start codon for COX1 and an ATAGA(T)n motif in the control region, which also contains several copies of a 163-164 bp repeat. Importantly, the mitogenome displays the Met-Ile-Gln tRNA gene order typical of Ditrysia, consistent with the hypothesis that this is a synapomorphy of that clade.
- Published
- 2014
9. Razões entre componentes da variabilidade de características quantitativas simuladas com efeitos genéticos de dominância e sobredominância
- Author
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Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro, Robledo de Almeida Torres, Ricardo Frederico Euclydes, Paulo Sávio Lopes, and Elizângela Emídio Cunha
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Genetics ,seleção fenotípica ,Overdominance ,non-additive genetic effect ,phenotypic variation ,Quantitative trait locus ,Heritability ,Biology ,simulação ,simulation ,efeito genético não-aditivo ,Genetic correlation ,Genetic architecture ,variação fenotípica ,Evolutionary biology ,Trait ,phenotypic selection ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Allele ,Dominance (genetics) - Abstract
Foram avaliadas as razões entre componentes da variabilidade de características quantitativas simuladas a partir de genoma incorporando efeitos genéticos não-aditivos em populações de acasalamento ao acaso e de seleção fenotípica a curto prazo. Estudaram-se uma característica de baixa (h² = 0,10) e outra de alta herdabilidade (h² = 0,60) influenciadas por 600 locos bialélicos. Cinco modelos de ação gênica foram simulados, dos quais quatro incluíram dominância completa e positiva para 25, 50, 75 e 100% dos locos (D25, D50, D75 e D100, respectivamente); e um modelo incluiu sobredominância positiva para 50% dos locos. Todos os modelos incluíram efeitos aditivos dos alelos para 100% dos locos. As principais razões quantificadas foram d² (variância de dominância/variância fenotípica) e d²a (variância de dominância/variância aditiva). Para as duas características, d² e d²a aumentaram de acordo com o acréscimo na variância de dominância, decorrente da inclusão crescente de locos com desvio da dominância e sob sobredominância. No mesmo modelo, ambas as razões, sobretudo d², são mais elevadas sob alta herdabilidade, o que indica que os efeitos da dominância explicam a maior parte da variabilidade total dessa característica sob seleção. Ratios were assessed between variability components of quantitative traits simulated from the genome incorporating non-additive genetic effects in random mating populations and short-term phenotypic selection. A trait of low (h² = 0.10) heritability and another of high (h² = 0.60) heritability were studied, both influenced by 600 bi-allelic loci. Five gene action models were simulated, of which four included complete and positive dominance for 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the loci (D25, D50, D75 and D100, respectively); and one model included positive overdominance for 50% of the loci. Every model included additive effects of the alleles for 100% of the loci. The main quantified ratios were d² (dominance variance/phenotypic variance) and d²a (dominance variance/additive variance). For both traits, d² and d²a increased according to the increase in the variance of dominance with the growing inclusion of loci with dominance deviation and under overdominance. For the same model, both ratios, especially d², are greater under high heritability, that indicates that the dominance effects explain the greater part of the total variability of this trait under selection.
- Published
- 2009
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