This essay is a theoretical review about the current economic and environmental crisis. It promotes agroecology as basis for a political program that seeks both economic and social progress. However, this descriptive analysis of the current economic and environmental situation of the global food economy does not extend to agroecological prescriptions for how to address the current crisis. In the current essay, I argue that the development of industrialization, including particularly the industrialization of the agriculture production system, is a main cause of the economic and environmental crisis we are currently undergoing, which is characterized by a growing number of people subjected to hunger, poverty, and violence, as well as by the degradation of global biodiversity and of the sustainability of ecosystems. This agroecological description and the prescriptions which could be based on it promote a radical reconstruction of the entire global food economy based on the strengthening and expansion of the peasant territory through an agrarian reform that encompasses the totality of the political and economic structure of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]