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In this paper, I investigate how narrative, and resistance are articulated in Banzeiro Òkòtó, Eliane Brum’s work about the Amazon, forest peoples and climate emergency. It analyzes, considering Brum’s journalistic project, aspects related to both the narrated events and the writing itself. The hypothesis is that, in the face of the extreme situation, Brum problematizes and subverts aspects of writing, a cultural instrument inherited from the colonizer, to experiment with inclusive ways of narrating. The results point to the use of a series of narrative resources, from reflexivity to genre dilution, which hybridizes the reportage and activates the criticism of oppressive forms of Western civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Green Belt Biosphere Reserve, with 2.33 million hectares and its internal urban area with 220 thousand hectares, is configured as a water security territory and expresses a direct relationship between urban development and areas that ensure well-being and ecosystem services for 12% of Brazil's population. With seventy-eight municipalities that fully or partially integrate the GBBR, the socioeconomic differences and the different contexts of urbanization and governance reflect on territorial management at the local level and impact the environmental and regional sustainable development agendas. Objective: Based on a survey of environmental policies and correlations between economic and socio-environmental indicators on a municipal scale for the entire study area, this article assesses the level of development of the main environmental public policies and identifies the relationship between these policies and socio-environmental indicators. Originality: Although the Green Belt Biosphere Reserve is an area recognized by the United Nations (UN), the management of its territory depends on municipal actions that comprise it. Little attention has been paid to environmental management, especially in terms of public environmental policies and a broad and ongoing understanding of the conservation of this area. Results: The analysis shows that the different municipalities in the GBBR have different levels of implementation regarding Environmental Agenda. When considering the Municipal Plans for Urban Afforestation, Adaptation to Climate Change, Atlantic Forest and Solid Waste, only Guarujá, Mogi das Cruzes, Santos and São Paulo have these four policies in preparation or completed, while for 33.3% (n=25) of the municipalities, none of these agendas was developed, and a positive correlation was identified between the HDI and the largest number of implemented policies. Contribution: Large and medium-sized cities in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, present studies addressing ecological patterns and processes, however, they do not address specific questions on the environmental sector itself, which this paper aimed at providing. Conclusion: As the Green Belt accounts for 72% of the volume of drinking water in all of São Paulo, the disparities between the municipal indicators analyzed reinforce the need to adopt the GBBR as a platform for adequate governance to integrate policies at different scales for sustainable regional development. Systemic efforts are needed, especially at the municipal scale, in order to carry out adequate environmental management of the GBBR territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the vulnerability to climate change of family farmers in the Rio Doce region, Minas Gerais. The theoretical background was based on the discussion about the negative impacts of climate change on family farming. Vulnerability was identified through its dimensions related to sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity, which were measured by representative indexes, based on socioeconomic and demographic data from 206 farmers in the region, and municipality climate variables. The results indicated that low pluriactivity and reduced access to irrigation mechanisms increased farmers' sensitivity. The low precipitation rates, in relation to the regional historical average, increased the exposure to climate change. The adaptive capacity can be attributed to the low access to rural credit and the absence of public irrigation projects. Therefore, high vulnerability were a consequence of high exposure and sensitivity rates, combined with low adaptive capacity. The results suggest that the region should receive attention in terms of public policies to reduce its vulnerability, enabling it to face more intense climate change scenarios in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast climate change that is felt on the planet, evidenced by the unsustainable scenario of waste generated by the current sources and loss of biodiversity, shows the necessity of changes in the energetic and material sources. Within the scope of these discussions, the Amazon is always seen as a crucial point. In this scenario, this paper proposes a green accord for the Brazilian Amazon. Therefore, it is analyzed the preservation of the Amazon, the contextualization of the necessity of changes on the economy and the Modern Monetary Theory as supportive of this governance of economic transition, placed per suggestions and proposals in that green accord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theme of climate change is an object of research in different areas, including science teaching. In this paper, we aim to describe different approaches to climate change in science education research. To do so, we carried out a bibliographical survey in journals in the area of science teaching and in full papers presented at the ENPEC, from 2004 to 2014. Fifteen publications were collected, in which we observed that the theme of climate change is based on the notion of controversial issues; with the objective of scientific dissemination; through scientific literacy processes or through the contextualization of science teaching contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a reflective and factual paper, in an emergency structure, which starts from previous investigations on the network communication of the environmental movement, and from socioenvironmental media activism, to discuss a scenario of attacks direct to the work carried out by environmental organizations. We propose a theoretical discussion with an exploratory research on the possibilities of media activism, based in the communicative practices of two social actors in this environmental field, Greenpeace Brasil and Instituto Socioambiental. We conclude that there are reactive answers to government affront; they use different media, social networks, languages and cyberactivist resources, but with superfical reach in public debate, which signals that need to articulate institutional action with social mobilization. So, in addition to understanding the transformations of activisms, we rehearsed the manifesto: what remains for socioenvironmental media activism? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural and livestock sector has caused approximately 24% of total greenhouse gas emissions (GEE) in Brazil in 2017. In 2009, the Brazilian administration established sectorial plans for the mitigation of climatic changes. The Agricultural Plan for Low Carbon (ABC) and the ABC Program are responsible for target projections to mitigate climatic changes and financial incentives for their implementation. Current paper investigates whether available credit for this public policy is being used in technological processes with great potential for the mitigation of GEEs. Secondary sources of data on the amount of credit of ABC program and GEE emissions have been researched. The historical series of emissions revealed that, within agricultural activities, enteric fermentation of animals and the use of agricultural soil are the main causes of GEEs, with almost 86% of emissions. Results also demonstrated that, within seven priority areas, one has specially received highest investment rates, or rather, the recovery of degraded pastureland, with approximately 30% of investments. Further, 15% of amounts initially projected by the ABN program have been available and only 9% have been effectively spent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model of balancing urbanization and nature. Firstly, it presents contextual information about the role of nature in facing key contemporary challenges, in particular related to facing the predicted negative consequences of climate change, as well as the destruction of the natural environment because of or derived from anthropic activities. Subsequently, it introduces fundamental aspects of the theory of green wedge urbanism and explores the applicability of the idea in contributing to tackling Brazilian urban challenges. We concluded that green wedge urbanism, given its particular articulation between urbanised and natural areas, presents an effective and flexible structure that can contribute to the urban question in different domains, above all in the maximization of the benefits of nature throughout the urban fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a sociological perspective, this paper focuses the interactions of the state of Guinea-Bissau on three levels of power relations. The first one focuses the position of the national state vis-à-vis multilateral forces in environmental issues. The second level analyses some patterns of interaction between the national state, NGOs and other partners in socioenvironmental policies. The third is the local level in which degraded environmental circumstances, related to floods, generate a collective suffering. The study concludes that the intra-communitarian bonds create strategies for mutual support. However, the institutional management of catastrophes continues to express the soft state in Guinea-Bissau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of the causes and risks of climate change, as well as the knowledge on how to mitigate the problems associated with this issue, is fundamental to make the society aware of the importance of this environmental aspect. Information about climate change has increased in the past years. However, the communication is facing challenges in translating the scientific knowledge into a non-academic language easy to assimilate. Also, the politicization and polarization of climate science and the difficulty in motivating society to change their lifestyle in order to reduce environmental impacts are important issues to be considered. This paper addresses the main factors that limit the communication effectiveness on climate change, and presents alternatives to improve the communication between science and society and thus engage it to mitigate the global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of economic energy policy is more relevant to International Relations today because of the increase in energy interdependence and its interaction with other issues on the international agenda, climate change in particular. This paper will analyze the progress made and the obstacles that lie ahead for energy policy in the European Union (EU). The objective is to identify the factors that have led the European Commission, especially after 2005, to unleash an remarkable degree of activism in the energy area, despite the lack of an official forum for the establishment of a common energy policy. This resulted in an innovative and ambitious European legislative program, which is examined in this paper and evaluated on the basis of official documents, the recent literature and qualitative interviews with around twenty policymakers and analysts, carried out in Brussels in September 2012. It was clear that the discussion of climate change changed the view of energy issues. The fact that the EU as a whole has a growing energy deficit increased the relevance of the issue of security and also stimulated the search for alternative sources, at the same time that it placed conditions on its external relations, especially with Russia. Important progress was made, in particular with regard to the establishment of strict mandatory standards for the countries that were members of the Energy-Climate Agreement, that justified the leadership role that the EU began to assume in international climate discussions. The search for community responses and convergence among the objectives related to climate change, energy security and economic competitive position suffered enormous pressure with the impact of the global crisis after September 2008. The crisis revealed an institutional framework that was still fragile and, in the context of a recession, ended up reinforcing centrifugal trends around national interests and strategies. At the same time, this made the realization of the investments necessary to move forward with the implementation of policies in the energy and climate area more complicated. On the other hand, there is an undeniable and strong interdependence among the economies in the block, and the European Commission has insisted on defending the gains that could be achieved with community actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the absence of specific legal protection for environmental refugees and the need to expand the concepts and international accountability practices for the protection of these forced migrants. Using recent quantitative and geographical data on refugees, alternatives for the regulation of the institute and the possibility of objective international State responsibility for environmental damage and for the resulting refugees are analyzed. Methodologically, the qualitative research was based on national and international bibliography and normative sources, as well as on statistical data on the subject. As a conclusion, it is advocated the international responsibility of States, especially the economically developed ones, for the population movements which result from climate change, since these States are the main environmental polluters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissemination of tourism is a recent phenomenon that became particularly important in the 1960s and the systematic study of its relation to climate is even more recent. When included in the theoretical approaches to tourism motivation the climate, seen as an asset or service, becomes a resource that can be evaluated. This paper looks into various attempts to quantify the "climate resource" in the determination of the tourism potential of a given region and summarizes the importance of climate on tourists' motivation. Tourism is one of the economic sectors where climate change is expected to have a substantial impact due to climate alterations in tourist locations. Conversely, tourism activities contribute to intensify climate changes due to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The second part of this paper addresses the possible interactions between climate change and tourism, as well as possible mitigation and adaptation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper lies in the analysis of scientific literature on climate change published over the last 06 years, checking approaches and research methodologies in the area. To develop the research, we used the combined qualitative and quantitative approaches. The search for data was performed through the portal of CAPES, using as a parameter to search the following terms: "Climate change" and "Environment". The results show that the national scientific production in recent years can be considered methodologically incipient because the articles are qualitative empirical, conducted without rigorous methodology for validation of the data analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text seeks to determine how journalists of the largest Paraná (southern Brazil) newspaper, Gazeta do Povo, perceive, within its daily production routines, the subject of climate change and its possible risks. This paper aims to verify how the news production on the issue is understood by journalists responsible for writing or editing news on climate change in the context of a regional/local newspaper. Among the findings, it was observed that there is an understanding, by journalists, about the relevance of media approach to the subject, although the logic of coverage routines and the complexity of the issue do not allow further deepening, especially in relation to risks inherent in the environmental phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies related to water evaluation in which is analyzed changes in water quality and its relation to the different kinds of land use, presented with great significance for understanding how human actions can interfere in the standards of water quality. In this context, the present paper aims to develop the analysis of physicochemical parameters of water quality indicators in order to verify in which quality levels are the water of Terra Branca stream, located in Uberlândia (MG), trying to understand how the different kinds of land use interfere in them. The analysis were based on the methodology proposed in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater and were held at the Geomorphology and Soil Erosion Laboratory on the Geography Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia. In the results were pointed some parameter with values to concern, demonstrating that attention must be given to the reflections generated by some anthropogenic activities in the study watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address Climate Change in Brazil, the Bill 493/09 (plp 493/09) proposes the adoption of a differential tax and tariff treatment for products and services based on co2 emissions. This paper analyses the consistency of Differential Tax Treatment in Brazil and the Principle of Non Discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between land use and topography on the variations of temperature and relative humidity in urban and rural municipalities in the Contagem and Betim, south-central state of Minas Gerais- Brazil. The measurement of climatic data occurred during the winter (20/06 - 21/09/2011) continuously and simultaneously, at intervals of sixty minutes, using the automatic sensors (dataloggers - Icel HT model 4000). The weather station INMET, headquartered on the campus of UFMG were used for calibration of instruments and control of the local variations of climatic elements. The data obtained were analyzed in a comparative way in a time sequence taking into account the environmental characteristics (topography and land use) and atmospheric. The temperature of the air taken in urban showed count on "delay" in its development in hourly and lower amplitude when compared to data measured in Betim (rural area). Was attributed these facts to the topographical situation of each of the positions and characteristics of conservation and heat production in the urban environment associated with low specific heat of the materials used in construction, higher density of buildings, relative lack of green areas and participation additional sources of anthropogenic heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil is increasingly being recognized as having an important role in ecosystems, as well as for food production and global climate regulation. For this reason, the demand for relevant and updated soil information is increasing. Soil science researchers are being demanded to produce information in different spatial resolutions with associated quality in what is being called Digital Soil Mapping (DSM). Due to an increasing number of papers related to the DSM in Brazil, it is necessary to discuss the main characteristics of those studies related to the automated mapping of soil classes, which will enable a broader perspective of the subject and guide future works and demands. The mapping of soil classes using DSM techniques is recent in the country, the first publication in this topic occurred just in 2006. Among the predictive functions the predominant is logistic regression. The soil formation factor relief was used in all studies reviewed. Quality of predictive models was evaluated employing error matrix and kappa which were the most common procedures. The consolidation of this automated approach as an auxiliary tool to the conventional soil mapping will demand training of young soil scientists to use geoinformation technologies and quantitative tools to handle aspects of soil variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the complexity of disasters, enhancing risk situations and the importance of support from Biosecurity, as in episodes with fatalities, procedures formulated by this field should be adopted in the handling of corpses, particularly when occurring with search of buried bodies. It contextualizes the magnitude of the disaster characterized by rain and its aftermath (landslides, burying), emphasizing the phenomenon of global warming and climate change and its impacts on communities, especially the poorest, valuing the concept analysis of vulnerability caused by urbanization, environmental degradation by improper management of natural resources, environmental pollution, inefficient public policies, emphasizing low investment in infrastructure. It emphasizes the concept of disaster as unpredictable, sudden and violent, phenomenon causing numerous deaths and destruction; and social, health, legal and operational problems when there is high number deaths at the same time or within a short time. And it analyzes the contribution of Biosafety as guiding emergency plans facing disasters, enhancing the biological risk and the measures required for handling corpses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper draws upon sociodemographical changes of the last two decades in the Algarve region. Two main purposes are: to describe and interpret the meaning of these changes and to confront this analysis with recent studies and with the classical definitions of sub-regional areas. Using the classical perspectives as a starting point we then present the cluster analysis for 1991 and for 2001. Four territorial profiles are presented which reflect two main trends: urbanization and marginalization. Lastly, we focus on a specific municipality – São Brás de Alportel – where strong sociodemographical dynamics have been identified despite its inland localization, enabling a more in-depth analysis and a discussion of the presented trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the aims, the proposed methodology and the cases to be studied within the FMI 5000 - Environmental Changes: Fluvio-marine interactions over the last 5000 years (Project FCT n°: PTDC/CTE-GIX/ 104035/2008). The estuarine environments are sensitive areas in the climate change and sea level rise framework, as they are in the interface between fluvial and marine dynamics. They are also strategic areas because of their great biodiversity and the various economic activities they support. These environments record the sea level changes as well as the changes in their drainage basin, whether they are natural or man induced. The goal of the project is to evaluate the balance between marine and fluvial influences, the answers to climatic events and the land use changes impacts, in a 5000 years' time window. The estuaries of Rio Neiva, of Rio Alcabrichel and of Ribeira de Bensafrim were chosen to develop this research; the first two are located on the western coast and the third one in the Algarve southern coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives this paper were to monitor and analyze the parameters: temperature, relative humidity, air speed and direction wind, to understand as occurred the main frames of discomfort or thermal comfort in two contrasting periods of the 2009 (summer and winter) in Ourinhos. In different environments were installed measuring instruments to measure the meteorological variables. The Beaufort scale allowed classifying speed wind. From the Excel application and from the Software Surfer 8 performed the analysis of variables. Finally, from the diagram of human comfort it was found the points of greatest vulnerability to adverse weather conditions. It was possible to verify that the chosen points are shown in accordance with the expected characteristics, in other words, different structures of the environment affect systematically the dynamics of climate. Thus, Ourinhos, São Paulo State, has a tendency to present phenomena as heat islands. It can be concluded that the production of space of this city has favored the framework of environmental degradation and social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate Change is a common issue in our everyday lives, due to media network information. Many questions about this theme are presented, discussed and divulged through the means of social communication. Despite this supposed common agreement, we have, on the contrary, to say that many of these questions are open subjects for the international scientific community, since scientists have not achieved a common basis to explain the origins, the causes and consequences of climate changes. Taking this into consideration, we claim that Physics, by means of a basic Science, offers theoretical concepts and a way of modeling nature to produce knowledge about this subject. Climate change is an important theme to test the theoretical basis of the discipline, at the same time it provides opportunity to teachers to motivate students to investigate the phenomenology of nature as well as they are able to elaborate new educational proposals. In order to provide some tools to teachers in approaching this subject in High School Physics classes, this paper offers two perspectives: to point out some physical considerations about this theme and to discuss a few uncertainties and controversies related to climate changes. In a specific way we will present some considerations about energy balance in the Sun-Earth system, the greenhouse effect and the concept of Earth's mean temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the policies of protection for indigenous people and the environmentalist manifesto for the excluded in Amazonian countries. It addresses the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People and the resolution of the General Assembly that qualifies the effects of climate change as threats to international security. Both lead to cognitive constructions for social justice. The paper reminds us of the invasion of lands by disorderly immigration. More importantly, it unveils the analytical potential offered by the study of international relations to clarify the perspectives of both the mitigation of climate change through the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the excluded majority that lives alongside the protected indigenous minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses environment subject present in public policies for Legal Amazonia, including the Public Forests Management Law (Law 11.284/06), approved with the purpose of regulating public forests management in Brazil and promoting sustainable development. The Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is suggested as a forest conservation mechanism. Through an hypothetical "zero" deforestation scenario and 100% of not emitted carbon linked to forest conservation projects, an economic revenue equivalent to the logging activities was estimated, and could be obtained in carbon market, contributing to maintenance of climatic equilibrium reducing Greenhouse Gases emissions, as well as keeping preserved biodiversity and environment services values related to standing forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study had the objective to evaluate Pampa Corte Model's reliability in predicting beef cattle performance in grazing systems. For this purpose, model's predicted values were compared to available data base of published papers. Correlation coefficients above 90 % were obtained between simulated and real data in all tested alternatives. Model's data base should be enlarged by forage productivity data in different climatic conditions. Mixtures of Italian ryegrass and oat need more studies to obtain qualitative parameters (crude protein degradability and neutral detergent fiber), as well, animal performance in the single pastures of oat or Italian ryegrass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I mainly analyzed the inclusion of environmental budget in climate change models. Considering Kemfert, Lise and Tol (2004)'s approach to show a formal model that puts together economic and climate issues, I analyzed the inclusion of environmental public spending and energy. I tried to show that countries' economic and physical structures establish different public spending, with different environmental impacts and consequences to another nations and that has strong influence on economic models. In relation to public spending, I considered, specifically, the Brazilian federal budget to Environmental Management from 2000 to 2006. In this article, I argue in defense of considering budget for environmental management in the discussion on climate change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]