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Copyright of Revista da Associação Brasileira de Nutrição is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Nutricao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to define the action of lycopene under CT, HDL, LDL and TG and to analyze which sufficient dosages have a positive effect on metabolic markers. Methodology: The investigation was based on the effect of products containing lycopene and its effect on serum metabolic markers of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. For analysis of in vivo studies, studies that met intervention criteria with controlled design, diet or manipulated controlled by crossed or parallel placebo, randomized clinical trial with standardized dosage of lycopene in the treatment and control group and intervention 2= weeks that included total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were included.. Results: It was seen that lycopene plays an important role on metabolic markers, due to its ability to reduce the mechanism of HMG-Coa reductase, decreasing the synthesis of cholesterol and its antioxidant capacity under LDL. Lycopene also modulated the activity of PPAR and LXR, modulating the action of ABCA1, Apoa1 and caveolins, improving HDL synthesis and cholesterol efflux. Dosages with a positive cholesterol effect vary, but are around 26.5 mg of lycopene per day, reported in in vivo studies with cholesterol supplementation. Conclusion: The review suggests the efficacy of lycopene in reducing metabolic markers, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nutritional, lipid and feeding habits of school children in two municipalities in South Brazil are compared. Transversal study analyzed indicators of obesity, lipid profile and feeding habits of school children, aged between 7 and 17 years, in Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brazil, and Chapecó SC Brazil. Difference (p<0.05) in overweight/obesity (37.0% Chapecó vs 29.2% Santa Cruz do Sul) and high waist circumference (34.8% Chapecó vs 21.2% Santa Cruz do Sul); triglycerides (41.4%) and HDL-C (23.5%) showed higher rates in Chapecó (p<0.001); total cholesterol (56.1%), LDL-C (36.4%) and glycaemia (8.7%) were higher in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Chapecó had a high input of fruit (16.8% infrequent) and sweets (41.3% frequent) contrasting with beans/rice (57.0% daily), soft drinks (24.4% daily) and snacks (24.0% daily) in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Results show that differences in nutritional profile existed between the two municipalities and, consequently, health indicators vary within different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV infection is associated with anemia and with changes in the profile of lipids in HIV-infected people. Current retrospective study described the prevalence of anemia and changes in lipid levels in pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and was performed with 117 pregnant women who were using antiretroviral therapy in prenatal clinics, between 2010 and 2012, through secondary data. The prevalence of anemia reached 45.6%, although no one had severe anemia. There was a progressive increase in total cholesterol (p<0.001), HDL (p=0.05), LDL (p<0.001) and triglycerides (p<0.001), with greater increase in triglycerides levels throughout pregnancy. Monitoring anemia and lipid levels during pregnancy is crucial for early interventions since undesirable complications and unwanted results are avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review to discuss the relationship between fat protected in the rumen and the profile of fatty acids of goat milk. Goat's milk is a food that should be highlighted to provide nutrients essential for good functioning of the body, however, the use of it in food presents restrictions for the presence of fatty acids associated with health problems related to eating disorders. Unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids have positive effects on the occurrence of diseases, while saturated fatty acids have been described as triggering factor for disease in humans. The use of protected fat in ruminant feed improve the profile of fatty acids of goat milk, as it allows a suplly greater of fatty acids into the intestine and mammary gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FUNDAMENTO: A prevalência das doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) tem aumentado nos últimos anos. A literatura revela que cerca de 35% dos eventos ateroscleróticos ocorrem na ausência dos fatores de risco clássicos, requerendo uma avaliação individual minuciosa para melhor caracterizar o risco. Os índices lipídicos tetravalente (LTI) e pentavalente (LPI) constituem uma nova e eficiente forma de avaliação do perfil lipídico e do risco para DCV. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo avaliou o LTI e o LPI em estudantes de graduação, estabelecendo estes índices em indivíduos saudáveis e correlacionando-os com o perfil lipídico tradicional. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 110 estudantes, 48 (44%) do sexo masculino e 62 (56%) do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 20,9 ± 1,7 anos. Apolipoproteína-AI, apolipoproteína B, colesterol total, lipoproteína (a), triglicérides, HDL e LDL foram analisados usando-se métodos diagnósticos específicos. LTI e LPI foram calculados por meio das equações LTI = [colesterol total x triglicérides x lipoproteína (a) / HDL] e LPI = [colesterol total x triglicérides x lipoproteína (a) x apolipoproteína B / apolipoproteína A-I], respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Os valores de LTI e de LPI foram significativamente maiores nas mulheres quando comparados aos dos homens. Para os outros parâmetros, houve diferenças significativas entre os gêneros apenas para colesterol total, HDL e apolipoproteína A-I. Houve correlações positivas e significativas entre LDL e LTI e entre LDL e LPI. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados indicam que LTI e LPI estavam associados com LDL, um parâmetro não utilizado para calcular os índices lipídicos e amplamente usado na prática clínica para investigação do risco cardiovascular.BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased steadily in recent years. Literature data show that about 35% of atherosclerotic events occur in the absence of classic risk factors, requiring a broader assessment of the individual to better characterize the risk. Lipid Tetrad Index (LTI) and Lipid Pentad Index (LPI) constitute a new and efficient evaluation of the lipid profile and CVD risk. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed LTI and LPI in undergraduate students, seeking to establish the parameters of these indices in healthy subjects and correlate them with the conventional lipid profile. METHODS: The study included 110 students, 48 (44%) males and 62 (56%) females, mean age 20.9 ± 1.7. Apolipoprotein-AI, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were assessed, using specific diagnostic methods. LTI and LPI indices were calculated using the equations LTI = [total cholesterol x triglycerides x lipoprotein(a) / HDL] and LPI = [total cholesterol x triglycerides x lipoprotein(a) x apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein-AI], respectively. RESULTS: LTI and LPI values were significantly higher in females compared to males. As for the other parameters, there were significant differences between males and females only regarding total cholesterol, HDL and apolipoprotein-AI. There were significant and positive correlations between LDL and LTI and between LDL and LPI. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that both LTI and LPI were associated with LDL, a parameter not used to calculate lipid indices and widely used in clinical practice for cardiovascular risk assessment.

OBJETIVO: verificar as alterações no perfil lipídico e glicêmico de ratos treinados, suplementados com maltodextrina. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: o protocolo de treinamento consistiu de 8 semanas de natação em padrão contínuo (60min.dia-1) ou intermitente (2 períodos de 30min, com intervalo de 10min), com sobrecargas correspondentes a 5% e 10% do peso corporal, respectivamente. Durante 37 dias os animais foram suplementados com uma dose diária de 0,48g.kg-1 de maltodextrina dissolvida em água ou receberam água pura. RESULTADOS: o exercício aeróbio ocasionou aumento significativo no nível glicêmico. Os exercícios e a maltodextrina não causaram alterações no perfil lipídico. CONCLUSÃO: o exercício aeróbio proporcionou elevação no nível glicêmico, não causando hipoglicemia.El objetivo fue comprobar los cambios en los lípidos y los niveles de glucosa de las ratas entrenadas complementados con maltodextrina. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El protocolo consistió en 8 semanas de patrón de natación continua (60min.dia-1) o intermitente (2 períodos de 30 min, con un intervalo de 10 min), con sobrecargas que corresponden al 5% y el 10% del peso corporal. Durante 37 días los animales fueron suplementados con una dosis diaria de 0,48 g.kg-1 maltodextrina disuelta en agua o agua pura. RESULTADOS: El ejercicio aeróbico provocó un aumento significativo en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre. Los ejercicios y la maltodextrina no causó cambios en el perfil lipídico. CONCLUSIONES: El ejercicio aeróbico dio lugar en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, sin causar hipoglucemia.The objective was to verify changes in lipids and glucose levels of trained rats supplemented with maltodextrin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The training protocol consisted of 8 weeks of continuous swimming pattern (60min.dia-1) or intermittent (2 periods of 30 minutes, with an interval of 10 minutes), with overloads corresponding to 5% and 10% of body weight, respectively. For 37 days the animals were supplemented with a daily dose of 0.48 g.kg-1 maltodextrin dissolved in water or pure water. RESULTS: Aerobic exercise caused a significant increase in blood glucose levels. The exercises and maltodextrin did not cause changes in lipid profile. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise gave rise in blood glucose levels, without causing hypoglycemia.

The objective of this paper was to characterize the lipidic profile of the Rhomboideus muscle (humpback) present in the Nelore breed, and compare it to the Longissimis dorsi muscle (tenderloin). Male animals with 24 months of age, raised in pasture were slaughtered in a regional slaughterhouse and the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Rhomboideus (RH) muscles were excised from the remaining of the carcass and analyzed after 24 hours refrigeration. Moisture, protein and total lipids were quantified and the fatty acid profile was analyzed. The results obtained show significant differences (p < 0.05) in the characterization between the muscles analyzed in relation to their composition. Most of the fatty acids detected were monounsaturated (MUFA), with the oleic acid (C18:1n-9) being the fatty acid with the largest amount present, with the value of 48.11% for the RH muscle and 45.58% for LD. For saturated fatty acids (SFA), palmitic acid (C16:0) were quantified in largest quantity with 25.67 and 25.19% content for RH and LD muscles, respectively. Regarding saturation, RH muscle has greater quantity of MUFA, 56.46%, but lower PUFA/SFA ratio, with 0.081. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o perfil lipídico do músculo Rhomboideus (cupim) presente na raça Nelore e compara-lo com o músculo Longissimis dorsi (contra filé). Animais machos com 24 meses de idade, criados em pasto foram abatidos em frigorífico regional e os músculos Longissimus dorsi (LD) e Rhomboideus (RH) retirados do restante da carcaça e analisados após 24 horas de refrigeração. Foram quantificados umidade, proteína, lipídios totais e analisado o perfil de ácidos graxos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) na caracterização entre os músculos analisados em relação a sua composição. A maioria dos ácidos graxos detectados foram monoinsaturados (MUFA), sendo o ácido graxo presente em maior quantidade o ácido oleico (C18:1n-9) com valor de 48,11% para o músculo RH e 45,58% para o LD. Os ácidos graxos saturados (SFA) com o ácido palmítico (C16:0) em maior quantidade com teores de 25,67 e 25,19%, para os músculos RH e LD, respectivamente. Em relação à saturação, o músculo RH tem maior quantidade de MUFA, 56,46%, mas menor razão PUFA/SFA com 0,081.

INTRODUÇÃO: Com o advento dos anestésicos locais de longa duração, a anestesia locorregional ganhou grande impulso sendo cada vez mais utilizada. Novas técnicas de bloqueios foram descritas e a técnica é frequentemente associada à anestesia geral com o objetivo de proporcionar analgesia pós-operatória. A contra-partida é a necessidade da utilização de grandes doses com risco de acidentes por injeção intravascular inadvertida; trata-se de complicação grave sem tratamento específico até há alguns anos. Em 1998 foi proposta a utilização de emulsões lipídicas em animais e a partir de 2006 vários trabalhos demonstraram o interesse dessas soluções nos casos de intoxicações por anestésicos locais com diminuição da morbi-mortalidade. O objetivo desta revisão foi fazer um levantamento da metodologia, revisando os mecanismos, interesses, limites e as condutas preconizadas atualmente. MÉTODO: Foram revistas algumas referências históricas sobre anestésicos locais, artigos publicados nos últimos 30 anos em revistas indexadas no Medline e em dois livros-texto. Foram selecionados os artigos que tratavam da intoxicação por anestésicos locais, da terapia com emulsões lipídicas, os de revisão sobre o assunto e as condutas adotadas em diversos serviços e países, sendo realizada uma síntese. CONCLUSÕES: A eficiência e interesse da terapia com emulsões lipídicas nas intoxicações por anestésicos locais não é mais a demonstrar; várias sociedades da especialidade já publicaram suas diretrizes e aconselham que se disponha desses produtos nos locais onde se pratica a anestesia locorregional.INTRODUCTION: With the advent of long-lasting local anesthetics, local and regional anesthesia gained considerable impetus and the use of these techniques has become increasingly widespread. New block techniques have been described and regional anesthesia is frequently associated with general anesthesia to provide postoperative analgesia. In contrast, large doses of local anesthetics are required with the risk of accidents due to inadvertent intravascular injection, which is a severe complication without a specific treatment until a few years ago. In 1998, the use of lipid emulsions was proposed in animals. Since 2006, many studies have demonstrated an interest in these solutions in cases of local anesthetic-induced toxicity with a decrease in morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review article was to research the methodology, reviewing mechanisms, interests, limitations and currently recommended treatment. METHOD: Some historical references on local anesthetics, articles published during the last 30 years in journals indexed in Medline and in two textbooks were reviewed. Articles on local anesthetic toxicity, lipid emulsion therapy, review articles on the topic and treatment adopted in diverse services and countries were selected, producing a summary. CONCLUSIONS: It is no longer necessary to show the effectiveness and interest in lipid emulsion therapy for local anesthetic toxicity. Various specialty societies have already published their guidelines and advice about stocking these products in any setting in which local and regional anesthetic techniques are practiced.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos do músculo longissimus dorsi e da gordura subcutânea de tourinhos Red Norte e Nelore terminados em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 44 animais, sendo 22 Red Norte com peso vivo inicial médio de 367±30 kg e 22 do grupo Nelore com peso vivo inicial médio de 361±30 kg. Os animais receberam ração à vontade durante 112 dias e foram abatidos com 519 e 482 kg, respectivamente. Amostras do músculo longissimus dorsi e da gordura subcutânea foram coletadas 24 horas após abate entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas para análise da composição centesimal e do perfil de ácidos graxos. As análises de ácidos graxos foram realizadas por meio de cromatografia gasosa, em coluna capilar de 100 m. Não houve diferença na composição química da carne entre os grupos genéticos. Nos animais Red Norte, foram maiores os teores dos ácidos graxos pentadecanoico, palmítico, palmitoleico, linoleico e ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), enquanto nos animais Nelore foi encontrado o maior teor de ácido oleico. O músculo longissimus dorsi apresentou maiores teores dos ácidos láurico, heptadecenoico, esteárico, linoleico, α-linolênico e araquidônico. Em comparação ao músculo longissimus dorsi, na gordura subcutânea foram maiores os teores dos ácidos mirístico, miristoleico, pentadecanoico, palmítico, palmitoleico, oleico e CLA. Os animais Red Norte apresentaram maiores teores de ácidos graxos saturados em comparação aos Nelore. Em bovinos, o perfil de ácidos graxos depositados no músculo é diferente do observado na gordura subcutânea. O perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de tourinhos difere entre grupos genéticos.The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle and the backfat thickness of Red Norte and Nellore young bulls finished in feedlot. Fourty-four animals (22 Red Norte with initial average weight of 367±30 kg and 22 Nellore at initial average weight of 361±30 kg) were used. The animals were fed ad libitum during 112 days, slaughtered at 519 and 482 kg, respectively. Samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle and backfat thickness were collected 24 hours after slaughter between the 12th and 13th ribs for analysis of the chemical composition and the fatty acids profile. Fatty acid analyses were performed by gas chromatography with a 100-m capillary column. There was no difference for the chemical composition of the meat between the genetic groups. Red Norte animals showed higher contents of pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fatty acids, while Nellore animals had the highest content of oleic acid. The muscle longissimus dorsi showed greater concentrations of lauric, heptadecenoic, stearic, linoleic, α-linoleic and arachidonic acids. Comparing the fatty acid deposited in the longissimus dorsi muscle with backfat thickness, the latter showed higher contents of miristic, miristoleic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and CLA acids. Red Norte animals showed higher contents of saturated fatty acid than Nellore. In bovine, the profile of fatty acids deposited in the muscle is different than the that in the backfat thickness. The fatty acids profile of the meat from young bulls differs between genetic groups.

Avaliaram-se o consumo, o desempenho e a digestibilidade de dietas contendo diferentes grãos de oleaginosas em novilhos zebuínos em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 30 novilhos zebuínos com peso vivo inicial de 388,0±37,5 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As dietas foram formuladas com silagem de milho e quatro concentrados: um sem suplementação de lipídeos e três com a inclusão de grão de soja, caroço de algodão ou semente de linhaça. As rações, isonitrogenadas, apresentaram relação concentrado:volumoso 60:40 e foram fornecidas à vontade. Para determinação da digestibilidade aparente total, a produção fecal foi estimada utilizando-se fibra em detergente neutro indigestivel como indicador interno. O menor consumo de matéria seca (7,20 kg/dia) foi observado para a dieta contendo caroço de algodão, mas, entre as outras dietas, não houve diferenças nesta variável. O ganho médio diário foi menor quando se utilizou a dieta contendo caroço de algodão em relação à dieta sem lipídeo (0,93 vs. 1,16 kg/dia, respectivamente). No entanto, não houve diferença no ganho médio diário destas dietas em relação às demais. Houve redução da digestiblidade da fibra em detergente neutro na dieta contendo semente de linhaça. Adicionalmente, houve redução na digestibilidade dos carboidratos não-fibrosos nas dietas contendo caroço de algodão e semente de linhaça em relação à dieta com grão de soja, a qual não diferiu da dieta controle. A inclusão de caroço de algodão moído em dietas para bovinos em confinamento deve ser feita com cautela, pois pode provocar redução no consumo de matéria seca e no ganho médio diário. No entanto, a eficiência alimentar não é afetada pela adição de oleaginosas na dieta de bovinos de corte quando o nível máximo de extrato etéreo na matéria seca total da dieta não excede 6%.This study was conducted to evaluate feed intake, performance and of digestibility diet containing different oilseeds to beef cattle finished in feedlot. Thirty zebu steers (388.0±37.5 kg of body weight) were used in a completed randomized design. The diets consisted of corn silage and four different concentrates: one without lipids and three with inclusion of soybeans, cottonseed and linseed. The diets, which were isonitrogenous, had roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 and were offered ad libitum. To determinate the total apparent digestibility of nutrients, the fecal output was estimated through internal marker indigestible neutral detergent fiber. The lowest dry matter intake was observed for cottonseed (7.20 kg/d), but among the other diets, the dry matter intake did not differ. The average daily gain was lower when cottonseed was used, in comparison with linseed (0.93 vs. 1.16 kg/d, respectively). However, there was no difference on average daily gain in relation to other diets. There was reduction in the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in linseed diet. Additionally, there was a reduction in the neutral detergent fiber digestibility in diets with cottonseed and linseed compared with soybeans, which did not differ from the control diet. The inclusion of ground cottonseed in feedlot beef cattle diets should be realized with caution, since it can decrease dry matter intake and average daily gain. However, feed efficiency is not affected by the addition of oilseeds in beef cattle diets when the maximum ether extract level in total dry matter diet does not exceed 6%.

The objective of this work was to evaluate intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and ingestive behavior of sheep fed rations with cashew nut meal (CNM) at the levels of 0; 10; 20 and 30% in the concentrate ration. It was used a double 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design. Intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, mineral matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients were not influenced by the addition of CNM, however, intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber and total carbohydrates presented a quadratic behavior with the increase of content of lipids in the ration. Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, NDF, acid detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates was not influenced by the addition of CNM in the rations; however digestibility of ether extract and total carbohydrates presented quadratic and linear behavior, respectively. It was not observed any significant differences in time spent with feeding and rumination, however, total chewing time was influenced, presenting increasing linear behavior with the levels of CNM. Concerning to intakes of dry matter and NDF per hour, feed efficiency and rumination were not affected by increase on lipid content in the rations. Ruminating chews time per rumen bolus, number of ruminated boli and the number of ruminating chews per day were not influenced by experimental rations. In sheep feeding management, it is suggested as a feeding alternative the use of up to 30% of CNM in the concentrate ration if it is available.Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos alimentados com rações contendo farelo de castanha de caju (FCC) nos níveis de 0; 10; 20 e 30% na ração concentrada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi quadrado latino 4 × 4 duplo. Os consumos de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, matéria mineral, carboidratos não-fibrosos e nutrientes digestíveis totais não foram influenciados pela adição de FCC, contudo o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido e carboidratos totais apresentaram comportamento quadrático com o aumento no teor de lipídeos da ração. A digestibilidade aparente da MS, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, FDN, fibra em detergente ácido e carboidratos não fibrosos não foi influenciada pela adição de FCC nas rações, contudo as digestibilidades do extrato etéreo e dos carboidratos totais apresentaram comportamentos quadrático e linear, respectivamente. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no tempo despendido com alimentação e ruminação, no entanto, o tempo de mastigação total foi influenciado, apresentando comportamento linear crescente com os níveis de FCC. As eficiências de alimentação e ruminação não foram influenciadas pelo aumento no teor de lipídeos das rações, no que se refere aos consumos de MS e FDN por hora. O tempo de mastigação merícica por bolo ruminal, o número de bolos ruminados e o número de mastigações merícicas por dia não foram influenciados pelas rações experimentais. No manejo alimentar de ovinos, caso haja disponibilidade, recomenda-se como alternativa alimentar a utilização de no máximo 30% de FCC na ração concentrada.

FUNDAMENTO: O ciclismo indoor é um exercício aeróbico no qual se utiliza grandes grupamentos musculares dos membros inferiores, carente de impacto osteoarticular e de elevado gasto calórico, o que o torna interessante para se gerar uma estratégia não farmacológica. OBJETIVO: Analisar a composição corporal e o perfil lipídico sérico de mulheres com sobrepeso após doze semanas de dieta hipocalórica e treinamento de ciclismo indoor. MÉTODOS: Foram randomizadas 40 mulheres (23,90 ± 3,10 anos), subdivididas em quatro grupos: controle (C), ciclismo indoor (CI), ciclismo indoor associado a dieta hipocalórica (CD) e dieta hipocalórica (D). As variáveis analisadas foram: estatura e massa corporal, IMC, percentual de gordura, massa magra, triglicerídeos, colesterol e lipoproteinas (HDL,LDL,VLDL). O treinamento de ciclismo indoor consistiu em três sessões semanais de 45 minutos cada e a uma restrição energética de aproximadamente 1.200 kcal. O estudo teve duração de 12 semanas. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva (média e desvio padrão) e inferencial (test t de Student). O nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos CI, CD e D reduziram significativamente as médias das variáveis antropométricas após as 12 semanas de intervenção (massa corporal, percentual de gordura e índice de massa corporal), além dos níveis séricos de colesterol total e triglicerídios. Em relação ao HDL colesterol, houve aumento significativo para os grupos CI e CD. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os resultados, o ciclismo indoor e a dieta hipocalórica contribuíram no combate ao sobrepeso bem como no controle do nível sérico dos lipídeos.BACKGROUND: Indoor cycling is an aerobic exercise that employs large muscle groups of the lower limbs, lacking osteoarticular impact and high energy expenditure, which makes it interesting to generate a non-pharmacological strategy. OBJECTIVE: To assess body composition and lipid profile in overweight women after twelve weeks of low-calorie diet and indoor cycling training. METHODS: We randomly assigned 40 women (23.90 ± 3.10 years), divided into four groups: control (C), indoor cycling (CI), indoor cycling combined with low-calorie diet (CD) and low-calorie diet (D). The variables were: height and body mass, BMI, fat percentage, lean body mass, triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL). The indoor cycling training consisted of three weekly sessions of 45 minutes each and an energy restriction of about 1,200 kcal. The study lasted 12 weeks. We used descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Student's t test). The level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS: The groups CI, CD and D significantly reduced the mean anthropometric variables after 12 weeks of intervention (body mass, fat percentage and body mass index), and serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. HDL cholesterol increased significantly for groups CI and CD. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the indoor cycling and the low-calorie diet helped fight overweight and control serum lipids.

BACKGROUND: There is a debate over results obtained from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) obese patients and non-DM2 patients, in reference to metabolic control and ponderal loss, after bariatric surgery. AIM: To evaluate weight loss and metabolic profile of obese patients with DM2 versus non-DM2 subjects, one and three years after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Data from 38 non-DM2 patients and 44 DM2 patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric-bypass were analysed retrospectively. For the pre-operatory, first and third year of post-operatory, were compared: weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose (FG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG). RESULTS: Preoperatively, both groups were statistically equivalent in regards to weight, BMI (P = 0.90) and HDL (P = 0.73). This was not the case when TG (P = 0.043) and FG (PRACIONAL: Tem havido debate sobre os resultados obtidos da cirurgia bariátrica nos obesos diabéticos versus não diabéticos, no quesito controle metabólico e perda ponderal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a perda ponderal e perfil metabólico dos obesos diabéticos e não diabéticos após um e três anos da cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de 44 diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2) e 38 não-DM2 submetidos à gastroplastia com derivação em Y-de-Roux. Dados como peso, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), glicemia de jejum (GJ), lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) e triglicérides (TG) foram vistos no pré-operatório, primeiro (PO1) e terceiro ano (PO3) após a operação. RESULTADOS: No pré-operatório, ambos os grupos foram estatisticamente equivalentes em peso, IMC (P=0,90) e HDL (P=0.73). Não se verificou o mesmo quando TG (P=0.043) e GJ (P < 0.01) foram analisados. No PO1, ambos DM2 e não-DM2 mostraram redução no peso, IMC e TG, assim como GJ no grupo DM2 (P < 0.05). HDL aumentou (P < 0.05) no PO1 em ambos os grupos. No período seguinte, entre PO1 e PO3, somente TG continuou a cair nos não-DM2 diabéticos (P=0,039), enquanto as outras variáveis não mudaram. No grupo DM2, a média da A1c no PO3 foi 6,2% +- 0,75 (P=0,027). Compararam-se os dados do pós-operatório de ambos os grupos. A variação de HDL e TG entre os grupos não foi diferente no PO1 e entre PO1 e PO3. Peso no PO1 e PO3, assim como IMC no PO1 e PO3, não foram estatisticamente diferentes. CONCLUSÃO: No PO1, perda de peso e melhora metabólica foi vista em ambos os grupos. Este dado foi sustentado no PO3, sem reganho de peso ou alteração lipídica significativa. A A1c encontrada no pós-operatório mostrou bom controle do diabetes pela operação. Houve tendência à menor perda ponderal no grupo DM2 (P=0,053).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de óleo de linhaça, em substituição ao óleo de soja, sobre a produtividade e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizadas 320 aves, em um arranjo fatorial 4x2 - quatro combinações dos períodos de fornecimento de óleo de soja e óleo de linhaça e dois sexos - e quatro repetições. O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado por pesagens da ração e das aves com 1, 21, 42 dias e no momento do abate, aos 49 dias de idade. Após o abate, foi avaliado o rendimento de carcaça e sua composição: cortes, vísceras e gordura abdominal. Foram determinados os teores de lipídeos totais, umidade e colesterol da carne. A dieta contendo óleo de linhaça melhorou a qualidade nutricional da fração lipídica da carne de frango, mas prejudicou o desempenho produtivo das aves.The objective of this work was to assess the effect of linseed oil as a substitute to soybean oil on yield performance and meat traits of broilers of both sexes. Three hundred and twenty birds were raised in a 4x2 factorial arrangement, consisting of four receiving periods combinations of soybean oil and linseed oil and two sexes, with four replications. Yield performance was evaluated by weighting feed and broilers aging 1, 21, 42 and 49 days, when they were slaughtered. After slaughtering, carcass yield and composition in main cuts, viscera and abdominal fat were quantified. Total lipids, moisture and cholesterol contents in meat were determined. Linseed diets improved the nutritional quality of the lipid fraction of broilers meat but were harmful to broilers performance.

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de cromo na dieta sobre o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça, a qualidade da carne, o teor de colesterol no peito e os parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue de frangos de corte. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco níveis de tripicolinato de cromo (0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 µg/kg de cromo) e seis repetições de 50 aves por unidade experimental. A utilização do tripicolinato de cromo não teve efeito no desempenho dos frangos de corte. Os níveis de cromo não influenciaram o rendimento de carcaça nem o pH do peito dos frangos aos 42 dias de idade. Em avaliação da composição de matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo da carne de peito, apenas a porcentagem de extrato etéreo foi influenciada, e de forma quadrática, pelos níveis de cromo na dieta. O nível de 218,2 µg de cromo diminuiu a porcentagem de extrato etéreo em 7,03 em comparação à ausência de cromo. A suplementação de cromo nas dietas não influenciou o teor de colesterol total na carne do peito, mas alterou os níveis de HDL aos 14 dias de idade e os de VLDL e os triglicérides aos 21 dias de idade. A suplementação dietética de cromo não influenciou o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça. Níveis entre 218,2 e 360,3 ìg de cromo interferem no teor de gordura da carne e nos níveis de lipídeos do sangue dos frangos de corte.The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of dietary chromium supplementation on performance, carcass yield, meat quality, cholesterol level on the breast and blood biochemical parameters on broilers. It was used a complete randomized experimental design with five levels of chromium tripicolinate (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 µg/kg of chromium) and six replicates with 50 broilers per experimental unit. The use of chromium tripicolinate had no effect on the performance of broilers. The levels of chromium did not change the carcass yield neither the breast pH of the broilers at 42 days of age. At evaluation of dry matter composition, crude protein and ether extract of breast meal, only the percentage of ether extract was quadractly affected by the dietary chromium level. Chromium level of 218.2 µg reduced the ether extract percentage by 7.03 when compared to the lack of chromium. The addition of chromium in the diets did not influence the total cholesterol level in the breast meat but it did change the levels of HDL at 14 old, the VLDL and triglicerides at 21 days old. The dietery suplementation of chromium did not influence the performance neither the carcass yield. Levels of chromium ranging from 218.2 to 360.3 ì g affects fat meat and levels of blood lipids of broiler chickens.

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a possibilidade da inclusão dos óleos de Licuri ou Mamona, em dois níveis, na dieta de cabras mestiças Moxotó, por meio do estudo do consumo de matéria seca, da digestibilidade e dos níveis de ureia, glicose e ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE) no sangue. Os tratamentos consistiam em um grupo controle sem óleo (SO) e adição de 3 ou 5% de óleo de Licuri (OL-3 ou OL-5) ou Mamona (OM-3 ou OM-5), com base na matéria seca. Foram utilizadas 10 cabras mestiças Moxotó em lactação, confinadas, distribuídas em um quadrado latino duplo (5 x 5), no qual cada período consistia em 12 dias de adaptação e três dias de coleta. A inclusão de óleo na dieta reduziu o consumo de matéria seca, com exceção do consumo dos animais suplementados com OM-3. No entanto, a adição de 3% de óleo não alterou o consumo de energia metabolizável e proteína bruta. Já a suplementação com OL-5 reduziu o consumo dos nutrientes, com exceção do consumo de extrato etéreo. A suplementação lipídica não alterou a digestibilidade da matéria seca, entretanto aumentou a digestibilidade da FDN e a digestibilidade aparente da PB e EE. Os níveis de glicose, ureia e AGNE sanguíneos não diferiram entre os tratamentos. É possível utilizar 3% de óleo de Mamona na dieta de cabras em lactação.The objective of this research was to evaluate the possibility of including Castor or Licuri oil at two levels in the diets of crossbred Moxotó goat's through dry matter intake, digestibility and levels of urea, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood. The treatments consisted of control groups without oil, 3% or 5% of Licuri (LO-3 or LO-5) or Castor (CO-3 or CO-5) oil, based on dry matter supplementation. Ten Moxotó lactating goats were used according to a double Latin Square (5 x 5) experiment design. The addition of oil to the diet reduced the dry matter intake, except for animals that were supplemented with CO-3. However, the addition of 3% of oil didn´t alter the intake of metabolizable energy and crude protein. The animals supplemented with LO-5 oil showed smaller nutrients intake, except for ether extract intake. The lipid supplement didn´t alter the dry matter digestibility, however increased the NDF digestibility the CP and EE apparent digestibility. There was no difference among the glucose levels, urea and NEFA in the blood. It is possible to use 3 %Castor oil in the diet of lactating goats.

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a cinética digestiva e a digestibilidade de nutrientes em equinos consumindo rações suplementadas com óleo de soja. Foram utilizados 15 equinos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três dietas e cinco repetições. As dietas experimentais foram formuladas a partir de uma dieta controle (sem inclusão de óleo de soja) acrescida 8,5% ou 19,5% de óleo de soja. O ensaio teve duração de 34 dias: 30 de adaptação dos equinos às dietas e quatro de coleta de fezes. A cinética da fase líquida da digesta no trato digestivo foi estimada pela LIPE® (lignina isolada, purificada e enriquecida) na forma líquida. A LIPE® foi fornecida no 30º dia, em dose única, e as amostras de fezes foram coletadas nos tempos 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72 e 78 horas após o fornecimento. O consumo de matéria seca das dietas reduziu com a inclusão de óleo de soja. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente do extrato etéreo aumentou nas dietas hiperlipidêmicas, enquanto o de digestibilidade da celulose reduziu com a inclusão de 19,5% de óleo de soja. O coeficiente de digestibilidade dos demais nutrientes, exceto o de proteína bruta, e a cinética da digesta no trato gastrointestinal não foram alterados. A inclusão de óleo de soja em dietas práticas para equinos possibilita reduzir o consumo de matéria seca e aumentar a concentração energética, desejável em equinos atletas.The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, digestive kinetics and nutrient digestibility in horses fed diets supplemented with soybean oil inclusion. Fifteen horses were used in a randomized complete design with three diets and five replications. The experimental diets were formulated from a control diet (without soybean oil) with the addition of 8.5% and 19.5% soybean oil. The experiment lasted for 34 days, 30 days for the horses to adapt to the diets and four days for feces collection. The kinetics of the liquid phase of the digesta in the digestive tract was estimated by LIPE® (Purified Enriched Isolated Lignin) in liquid form. LIPE® was given on the 30th day, in a single dose, and the feces samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72 and 78 hours after administration. Dry matter intake of the diets decreased with soybean inclusion. The apparent digestibility coefficient of the ether extract increase in the high fat diets, while the cellulose digestibility decreased with the inclusion of 19.5% soybean oil. The coefficient of digestibility of the other nutrients, except crude protein, and the kinetics of the digesta in the gastrointestinal tract were not altered. Including soybean oil in practical diets for horses enables dry matter intake reduction and increase in the energetic concentration, which is desirable in athletic horses.

A imigração italiana no Oeste do Paraná propiciou o desenvolvimento depequenas indústrias de produtos cárneos, dentre os quais se destaca a linguiça colonial. Em virtude do grande consumo, torna-se necessária a avaliação da qualidade desses produtos. Desta forma, quatro diferentes marcas de linguiças coloniais produzidas na região deToledo, Estado do Paraná, foram avaliadas neste trabalho quanto à umidade, teor de cinzas, porcentagens de proteínas e lipídeos. Os resultados indicaram que há grande discrepância entre os valores apresentados nas informações nutricionais do rótulo e os valoresdeterminados neste estudo, indicando que as indústrias não realizam controle de qualidade sobre a produção da linguiça colonial. De acordo com as composições das linguiças coloniais e a legislação brasileira, todas as linguiças podem ser enquadradas como linguiçascoloniais.Italian immigration in western Paraná State contributed to the development of small meat industries, such as Colonial sausage. Colonial sausage is one of the msot commercialized meat products in the region, so it has become necessary to evaluate their quality. Fourdifferent brands of colonial sausage produced in the region of Toledo, Paraná State, were evaluated in this work. Properties like moisture, ash, percentages of proteins and lipids were evaluated. There were great discrepancies among the presented values in the nutritional facts information and the values determined in this work. According to the composition of the colonial sausage and Brazilian legislation, all sausages can be classified as colonial sausage.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho do rastreio do perfil lipídico conforme o financiamento da consulta médica - setores público e privado. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostragem em múltiplos estágios, incluindo 3.136 adultos (> 20 anos) de Pelotas, Brasil, 2006. Foram calculados: cobertura (proporção de indivíduos rastreados entre aqueles com indicação de rastreio), foco (proporção de indivíduos com indicação entre os rastreados), erros de rastreio (sobre-rastreio: exames em indivíduos sem indicação, e sub-rastreio: não solicitação entre indivíduos com risco) e razão de rastreio (razão entre número de rastreados que atendiam aos critérios e número dos que não atendiam). Análises bivariadas foram realizadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado e intervalos de confiança de 95% foram estimados para os parâmetros avaliados. RESULTADOS: A cobertura geral foi 73,0% (IC 95%: 70,8;75,2) e o foco 67,2% (IC 95%: 64,7;69,3). O setor público teve, em relação ao privado/convênio, menor cobertura (65,2% versus 82,2%; pOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of lipid profile screening according to the mode of financing of medical appointments - public or private. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with a multi-stage sampling strategy. The study included 3,136 adults (> 20 years old) from the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2006. The following indicators were calculated: coverage (proportion of screened individuals among those meeting screening criteria), focus (proportion of individuals meeting screening criteria among those who were tested), screening errors (tests in individuals not meeting screening criteria - overscreening - and no screening of individuals meeting the screening criteria - underscreening), and screening ratio (ratio between number of individuals who met screening criteria and the number who failed to meet screening criteria among all individuals tested). Bivariate analyses were performed using Chi-squared tests. 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for all parameters assessed. RESULTS: General coverage was 73.0% (95%CI: 70.8;75.2), and focus was 67.2% (95% CI: 64.7;69.3). In the public sector, compared to the private/health plan sector, coverage was lower (65.2% vs. 82.2%; p

FUNDAMENTO: A aterosclerose coronariana (DAC) é a maior causa mortis do mundo, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde. O estudo INTERHEART mostrou que a dislipidemia é um dos maiores fatores de risco independente para o IAM. OBJETIVO: Avaliar perfil lipídico e pressão arterial de escolares de estabelecimentos privados e públicos/filantrópicos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas amostras sanguíneas de 343 jovens e correlacionados com seus hábitos de vida. Análise estatística: Foi realizada pelo teste t de Student para amostras independentes para comparação de médias e pelo teste do qui-quadrado (c²) para comparação de proporções. Nível de significância 5%. RESULTADOS: O colesterol total, suas frações LDL e HDL e o índice de Castelli I foram mais altos entre os escolares das unidades privadas, com significância estatística para meninos e meninas, com exceção para o HDL dos meninos. A pressão arterial foi maior no mesmo grupo sem significância estatística. O diferencial entre os dois tipos de instituições em relação ao percentual de crianças com colesterol total > 190 mg/dl, foi 23% nas particulares e 4% nas públicas/filantrópicas. Quando comparados os inquéritos de alimentação e atividade física e correlacionados com o perfil lipídico fica clara a associação da atividade física diária e a supervisão de nutricionistas na alimentação dos de menor poder sócio-econômico. CONCLUSÃO: Ficou demonstrada a correlação do colesterol total e de sua fração LDL com o tipo de alimentação e a atividade física mais intensa e regular, beneficiando infantes mais carentes em relação aos matriculados em unidades privadas.BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization, coronary atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide. The INTERHEART study demonstrated that dyslipidemia is one of the most important independent risk factors for AMI. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the lipid profile and blood pressure of school children attending private (paid) and public/philanthropic (free) schools. METHODS: Blood samples from 343 children were tested and correlated with their lifestyle. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Student's t-test for independent samples to compare the means, and the chi-square test (c2) to compare proportions. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Total cholesterol and its HDL and LDL fractions, as well as the Castelli Index I, were higher among private school students, with statistical significance for both genders, except for HDL in boys. Blood pressure was higher in the same group, but without reaching statistical significance. Twenty-three percent of private school students had total cholesterol > 190 mg/d, as compared to 4% of those attending public/philanthropic institutions. When the dietary and physical activity surveys were compared and correlated with the lipid profile, a clear association was found between daily physical activity and nutritional guidance among those of lower socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the positive correlation of total cholesterol and its LDL fraction with eating habits and more intense and regular physical activity, benefiting the most needy children, compared to those enrolled in private schools.

OBJECTIVE: First and second generation antipsychotics are associated with metabolic disturbances. A cross-sectional study was designed to follow outpatients at the Schizophrenia and Dementia Program at a major teaching hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre) in order to verify whether second generation antipsychotics were associated with higher glucose and lipid levels regardless of age and gender. METHOD: Four metabolic parameters (cholesterol and fractions, glucose and triglycerides) and anthropometric measures were obtained from 124 consecutive adult outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia by DSM-IV and ICD-10 with the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Disorders system using the same antipsychotic drug for at least 9 weeks. RESULTS: Most patients had elevated BMI (76.6%) and dyslipidemia (84.7%). Clozapine users had lower HDL levels compared to first generation antipsychotics users. Both groups had elevated body mass index (p = 0.033; OR = 3.3; 95%CI = 1.1-9.8) and second generation antipsychotics (p = 0.021; OR = 3.5; 95%CI = 1.1-11.2) showed significant effect, adjusted for age and gender in the logistic regression for dyslipidemia, and significant age effect for hyperglycemia (p = 0.030; OR = 1.1; 95%CI = 1.0-1.1). DISCUSSION: There was statistically significant association between the use of second generation antipsychotics and dyslipidemia. It raises the issue of increased vulnerability of second generation antipsychotics-treated patients, regardless of age, as well as the need for assertive treatment for overweight and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia in order to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.OBJETIVO: Antipsicóticos de primeira e de segunda geração estão implicados em alterações metabólicas. Foi elaborado este estudo transversal para verificar se os antipsicóticos de segunda geração estavam associados a maiores níveis de glicose e lipídeos, independente de idade e sexo, em pacientes atendidos no Programa de Esquizofrenia e Demência do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. MÉTODO: Foram obtidos colesterol e frações, glicose e triglicerídeos séricos, e medidas antropométricas em 124 pacientes esquizofrênicos, encaminhados consecutivamente, diagnosticados pelo DSM-IV e CID-10 pelo sistema Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Disorders, e em uso do mesmo antipsicótico por, no mínimo, nove semanas. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes apresentou IMC elevado (76,6%) e dislipidemia (84,7%). Os usuários de clozapina apresentaram níveis de colesterol-HDL mais baixos que os de antipsicóticos de primeira geração. O índice de massa corporal elevado (p = 0,033; OR = 3,3; IC95% = 1,1-9,8) e antipsicóticos de segunda geração (p = 0,021; OR = 3,5; IC95% = 1,1-11,2) mostraram efeito significante, ajustado para idade e sexo, na regressão logística para dislipidemia, e efeito significativo de idade para hiperglicemia (p = 0,030; OR = 1,1; IC95% = 1,0-1,1). DISCUSSÃO: Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o uso de antipsicóticos de segunda geração e dislipidemia. Isto levanta a questão da vulnerabilidade aumentada dos usuários de antipsicóticos de segunda geração, independente de idade, e a necessidade do tratamento adequado de sobrepeso e dislipidemia em esquizofrenia para reduzir o risco de diabete e doenças cardiovasculares.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with natural or rúmen-protected lipid source on plasma cortisol concentration, animal reactivity and stress of feedlot cattle. One hundred and twenty Nellore bulls (366.9 ± 28.7), male, raised on pasture were distributed in a completely randomized design with measures repeated over time. There were three treatments: Control - without additional fat source; GDESP - with natural fat source based on cottonseed byproducts; and GPROT - with rúmen-protected polyunsaturated fat acid. Blood samples were collected before to boarding of animals (day 0) and after transport to the feedlot, on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. There was significant effect (p<0.05) between temperament and day of analysis, as well as levels of cortisol and day of collection and treatment the animals received. On boarding day (day 0), the mean score of reactivity was lower (p<0.05). On the day of landing (day 1), the animals showed less reactive (p<0.05). In the following collection (days 3, 7 and 14), there was a progressive increase in mean scores for reactivity. The treatment did not influence the reactivity of animals. In relation to cortisol, the results were similar to reactivity. There was an effect (p<0.05) between treatments with inclusion of protected fat and fat from natural sources, and the control group. Animals receiving lipids in the diet had lower cortisol levels compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze levels of total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats of empanadas sold in school snack bars, compared to their nutritional information. Methods: A total of 14 chicken, chicken with cream cheese, four cheeses, and Calabrian sausage empanadas sold in school snack bars in downtown Florianopolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, were analyzed. The total fat content (by Soxleth extraction) and fatty acids profile (by gas chromatography), were determined. The results obtained were compared with the nutritional information in their respective labels. Results: All samples presented the obligatory nutritional labeling; however, there were some irregularities, according to the legislation (particularly in relation with trans fats). Hydrogenated vegetable fat, a source of trans fats, was the most cited ingredient in ingredient lists. Analysis results present levels of (g/40g serving) of: total fat 2.7-6.4; saturated fat 0.61-2.9; monounsaturated fat 0.82-2.5; polyunsaturated fat 0.33-0.84; trans fats 0.51-2.1. All of the nine samples declaring zero trans fats per serving had levels above 0.2g/serving, beyond the permitted limit to be considered zero trans food. Conclusion: The analyzed empanadas showed nutritional information inconsistent with the norm, which harms the healthy choice of food. Additionally, high amounts of trans fats and low percentages of polyunsaturated fats point towards an inadequacy of fats in these foods. The results serve as warning against the nutritional quality of foods sold in school environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: Examinar o perfil lipídico e parâmetros nutricionais de adolescentes com história familiar de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) prematura e avaliar os efeitos da orientação nutricional. MÉTODOS: O estudo incluiu 48 adolescentes de ambos os sexos e idades entre 10 e 19 anos (grupo caso, n=18; grupo controle, n=30). RESULTADOS: Os filhos de coronarianos jovens apresentaram valores mais elevados de colesterol total (189 ± 30 vs. 167 ± 26 mg/dl, pOBJECTIVE: To assess lipid profile and nutritional parameters from adolescents with family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and assess the effects of nutritional counseling. METHODS: The study included 48 adolescents of both gender and with ages ranging from 10 and 19 years old (case group, n=18; control group, n=30). RESULTS: Offspring of young individuals with coronary artery disease showed higher values of total cholesterol (189 ± 30 vs. 167 ± 26 mg/dl, p < 0.01), LDL-C (144 ± 20 vs. 100 ± 27 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and apoB (80 ± 15 vs. 61 ± 18 mg/dl, p = 0.001) and lower values of HDL-C (45 ± 9 vs. 51 ± 13 mg/dl, p < 0.02) than control young individuals. Differences were not found for triglycerides and apoA-I. With a dietotherapeutic counseling, we obtained a reduction in alimentary consumption of saturated fatty acids (pre: 15.5 ± 4.7% vs. post: 6.6 ± 3.7%, p = 0.003) and an improvement in lipid profile: TC (-8%, p = 0.033), LDL-C (-18.2%, p = 0.001), TG (-53%, p = 0.002) rates in offspring of premature CAD patients who showed hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSION: The presence of dyslipidemia was more prevalent among offspring adolescents of premature CAD patients, but it was responsive to nutritional intervention.

OBJETIVO: Estimar as prevalências de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis e compará-las com as obtidas há 15-16 anos em inquérito semelhante. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra aleatória de pessoas com 15 a 59 anos de idade, realizado no Município de São Paulo entre 2001 e 2002. Foram entrevistadas 2.103 pessoas que responderam a um questionário, quando também foram feitas medidas de pressão arterial, peso, estatura e circunferências do abdome e do quadril. Em um terço dos entrevistados foram dosados colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, triglicérides e glicose de jejum. RESULTADOS: As prevalências totais ajustadas por idade, na faixa etária de 15 a 59 anos, foram as seguintes: tabagismo, 22,6%; pressão arterial não controlada, 24,3%; obesidade, 13,7%; circunferência abdominal aumentada, 19,7%; colesterol total >240 mg/dl, 8,1%; HDL-colesterol 200 mg/dl, 14,4%; e glicemia >110 mg/dl, 6,8%. Tabagismo, pressão arterial não controlada, colesterol total elevado, HDL-colesterol diminuído e triglicérides elevados foram significantemente mais prevalentes em homens do que em mulheres. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados quanto à prevalência de alguns fatores de risco para doenças crônicas mostraram que os homens estão em pior situação do que as mulheres. Comparados aos resultados de inquérito anterior, a percentagem de pressão arterial não controlada permaneceu inalterada, mas a de tabagismo diminuiu significantemente.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of a set of risk factors for non-transmissible chronic diseases and compare it to that found 15-16 years ago in a similar survey. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey was carried out comprising a random sample of people aged 15-59 years in the city of São Paulo between 2001 and 2002. The total of 2,103 people answered a questionnaire and had their blood pressure, weight, height, waist and hip circumferences measured. For a third of these participants, their total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels were determined. RESULTS: The total age-adjusted prevalences in the study age group were as follows: smoking, 22.6%; uncontrolled blood pressure, 24.3%; obesity, 13.7%; increased waist circumference, 19.7%; total cholesterol ³240 mg/dL, 8.1%; HDL-cholesterol

Objective: To identify biological and psychosocial factors associated with dropout in a multidisciplinary behavioral intervention in obese adolescents. Methods: A total of 183 adolescents (15.4±1.6 years), pubertal (Tanner stage 3 or 4) and obese (34.7±4.0kg/m²), were enrolled in a 12-week behavioral intervention, which included clinical consultations (monthly), nutritional and psychological counseling (once a week), and supervised aerobic training (three times/week). The studied variables were weight, height, body mass index, body composition (skinfold), cardiorespiratory fitness (direct gas analysis), blood lipids and self-reported symptoms of eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia and binge eating), anxiety, depression, body image dissatisfaction and quality of life. Statistical analysis included binary logistic regression and independent t-tests. Results: Of the adolescents, 73.7% adhered to the program. The greatest chance for dropout was observed among adolescents older than 15 years (odds ratio of 0.40; 95%CI: 0.15-0.98), with more anorexia symptoms (odds ratio of 0.35; 95%CI: 0.14-0.86) and hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio of 0.40; 95%CI: 0.16-0.91) at baseline. Conclusion: Older adolescents, with more symptoms of eating disorders and total cholesterol have less chance to adhere to multidisciplinary treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the relation between oxidative stress and lipid profile in patients with different types of cancer. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional. A total of 58 subjects were evaluated, 33 males, divided into two groups of 29 patients each: Group 1, patients with cancer of the digestive tract and accessory organs; Group 2 patients with other types of cancers, all admitted to a public hospital. The plasma levels (lipoproteins and total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, for example) were analyzed by enzymatic kits, and oxidative stress based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, by assessing the formation of malondialdehyde. Results: In general the levels of malondialdehyde of patients were high (5.00μM) as compared to 3.31μM for healthy individuals. The median values of lipids exhibited normal triacylglycerol (138.78±89.88mg/dL), desirable total cholesterol values (163.04±172.38mg/dL), borderline high LDL (151.30±178.25mg/dL) and low HDL (31.70±22.74mg/dL). Median HDL levels in Group 1 were lower (31.32mg/dL) than the cancer patients in Group 2 (43.67mg/dL) (p=0.038). Group 1 also showed higher levels of oxidative stress (p=0.027). Conclusion: The lipid profile of patients with cancer was not favorable, which seems to have contributed to higher lipid peroxidation rate, generating a significant oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Food & Nutrition / Alimentos e Nutrição is the property of Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this research was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients in sheep fed with diets containing different amounts of linseed meal. The treatments evaluated were: corn silage exclusive (control); corn silage + concentrate; corn silage + concentrate + 5% of linseed meal; corn silage + concentrate + 10% of linseed meal. The dry matter (DM) intake has increased in diets containing concentrated if compared to diet exclusively with corn silage (P<0.05), however, there was no effect of the inclusion of linseed meal in diets (0; 5 and 10%). As it was expected, the diets containing 5 and 10% of linseed meal resulted in an increase of ether extract (EE) intake. A higher apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the animals fed with diets containing the concentrate was observed, independently of linseed meal proportion. According to the experimental conditions under which the experiment was developed, itis recommended to provide the diets containing until 5% of linseed meal, because there is no negative effect on dry matter and nutrients intake, as well as on apparent digestibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between total mortality, lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers, and their implications with aging and longevity are often controversial. Among the most often studied markers are low HDL cholesterol and high C-reactive protein. Particularly in octogenarians, it is expected that the impact of the inclusion of HDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein will improve the stratification of absolute cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we performed a literature review in PubMed about the relation between HDL cholesterol, inflammation and longevity. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted, we selected 30 studies, among which one systematic review on the relation between HDL cholesterol and stroke, one metaanalysis on the relation between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol with mortality, 22 longitudinal studies, and six cross-sectional studies. The results show an inverse association between HDL cholesterol and total mortality, and between cardiovascular mortality and C-reactive protein, as well as a positive association between C-reactive protein and mortality in longevous individuals. C-reactive protein and HDL cholesterol displayed promising characteristics as predictors of cardiovascular mortality in longevous elderly persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the possibility of including Castor or Licuri oil at two levels in the diets of crossbred Moxotó goat's through dry matter intake, digestibility and levels of urea, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood. The treatments consisted of control groups without oil, 3% or 5% of Licuri (LO-3 or LO-5) or Castor (CO-3 or CO-5) oil, based on dry matter supplementation. Ten Moxotó lactating goats were used according to a double Latin Square (5 x 5) experiment design. The addition of oil to the diet reduced the dry matter intake, except for animals that were supplemented with CO-3. However, the addition of 3% of oil didn't alter the intake of metabolizable energy and crude protein. The animals supplemented with LO-5 oil showed smaller nutrients intake, except for ether extract intake. The lipid supplement didn't alter the dry matter digestibility, however increased the NDF digestibility the CP and EE apparent digestibility. There was no difference among the glucose levels, urea and NEFA in the blood. It is possible to use 3 %Castor oil in the diet of lactating goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)