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Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Insects are an important source of proteins, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, and lipids. In this context, the present study evaluated the essential fatty acid profile of the larval oil of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) subjected to three plant tissue diets: Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae), Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae), and Jacaratia digitata (Caricaceae). Five adult individuals, 2 males, and 3 females were captured for their reproduction in captivity. The hatched larvae were subjected to the three diets for 45 days. After this period, extraction was carried out and the fatty acid profile of the oil was determined. Being oleic monounsaturated fatty acid (18:1) and palmitic saturated fatty acid (16:0), which are found in greater abundance for the three diets. Regarding essential fatty acids, linoleic (18:2) and alpha-linolenic (18:3) fatty acids were detected in concentrations of 1.96 Â 0.028 and 1.14 Â 0.007%, for the diet of Mauritia flexuosa, 0.67 Â 0.007 and 0.43 Â 0.035%, for the diet of Oenocarpus bataua, and 0.76 Â 0.000 and 0.29 Â 0.007%, for the diet of Jacaratia digitata, respectively. The results show that diets influence the type of fatty acid metabolized and its concentration. The larva is a source of monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (omega 9) and palmitoleic (omega 7) and of the essential fatty acids linoleic and alpha-linolenic precursors of the fatty acids of the omega 6 and omega 3 families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the meat quality of Pantaneiro lambs finished in confinement and slaughtered at different body weights (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 kg). Forty-five non-castrated male Pantaneiro lambs were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and nine replicates. The animals were housed in individual pens and slaughtered when they reached the target weights. For instrumental and centesimal analyses, the Semimembranosus, Longissimus lumborum, Gluteobiceps, and Triceps brachii muscles were used, whereas for fatty acid profile analysis only the Longissimus lumborum muscle was used. The different body weights influenced the final pH of the meat, but this still remained within the recommended values; however, the meat of heavier lambs had increased water-holding capacity (WHC), redness (a*), and fat content, making it the tenderest but least luminous and humid meat. Greater body weight led to a higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, reduction of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), higher hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content (H), and higher atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity indexes (TI). Therefore, it was concluded that the meat of lambs slaughtered at lower body weight presented better nutritional quality, making it more suitable for human consumption.

Os óleos de frutos estão sendo estudados por seu potencial na indústria de alimentos e também para aumento do consumo de ácidos graxos monos e poli-insaturados. Este estudo objetivou determinar as constantes físico-químicas, composição centesimal, identificar e quantificar os principais ácidos graxos presentes na fração lipídica da polpa e da amêndoa dos frutos de guarirova, espécie Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc. Foi realizada a caracterização físico-química dos óleos, composição de ácidos graxos e índices de qualidade nutricional. O óleo da amêndoa possui maior concentração de ácidos graxos saturados (89,2%), sendo representado principalmente pelo ácido láurico (48,34%). A polpa apresentou ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (24,84%) e poli-insaturados (33,25%), com maior percentual de ômega-6 (31,94%) e ômega-9 (19,15%); e menor de ômega-3 (1,31%).The oils of fruits are being studied for its potential in the food industry and also to increase the consumption of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to determine the physio-chemical constants, chemical composition and identify and quantify the major fatty acids present in the lipid fraction of pulp and kernel of the fruits of guarirova, species Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc. It was performed the physicochemical characterization of oils, fatty acid composition and nutritional quality indexes. Almond oil has the highest concentration of saturated fatty acids (89,2%), represented mainly by lauric acid (48,34%). The pulp showed monounsaturated (24,84%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (33,25%), with higher percentage of omega-6 (31,94%) and omega-9 (19,15%) and lower omega-3 (1,31%).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de óleo de linhaça, em substituição ao óleo de soja, sobre a produtividade e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizadas 320 aves, em um arranjo fatorial 4x2 - quatro combinações dos períodos de fornecimento de óleo de soja e óleo de linhaça e dois sexos - e quatro repetições. O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado por pesagens da ração e das aves com 1, 21, 42 dias e no momento do abate, aos 49 dias de idade. Após o abate, foi avaliado o rendimento de carcaça e sua composição: cortes, vísceras e gordura abdominal. Foram determinados os teores de lipídeos totais, umidade e colesterol da carne. A dieta contendo óleo de linhaça melhorou a qualidade nutricional da fração lipídica da carne de frango, mas prejudicou o desempenho produtivo das aves.The objective of this work was to assess the effect of linseed oil as a substitute to soybean oil on yield performance and meat traits of broilers of both sexes. Three hundred and twenty birds were raised in a 4x2 factorial arrangement, consisting of four receiving periods combinations of soybean oil and linseed oil and two sexes, with four replications. Yield performance was evaluated by weighting feed and broilers aging 1, 21, 42 and 49 days, when they were slaughtered. After slaughtering, carcass yield and composition in main cuts, viscera and abdominal fat were quantified. Total lipids, moisture and cholesterol contents in meat were determined. Linseed diets improved the nutritional quality of the lipid fraction of broilers meat but were harmful to broilers performance.

Foram avaliadas as características quantitativas da carcaça, os rendimentos dos cortes, a proporção dos tecidos, a composição química, o colesterol e o perfil de ácidos graxos do músculo Longissimus dorsi de cabritos ¾ Boer + ¼ Saanen, alimentados com rações contendo grãos de linhaça, girassol ou canola. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos machos não-castrados com peso inicial de 22,7 kg e 90 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e abatidos com 30,9 kg de peso vivo médio e 61 dias de confinamento. As rações foram constituídas de: feno de aveia, farelo de soja, milho moído e suplemento mineral (tratamento controle, n=6) e adicionadas de grãos de linhaça (n=7), girassol (n=5) ou canola (n=6). O consumo de grãos de oleaginosas não influenciou o peso de carcaça quente, no entanto, o peso de carcaça fria foi maior nos animais alimentados com a ração controle, que apresentaram também menor perda por resfriamento. O rendimento verdadeiro e o rendimento comercial de carcaça não foram influenciados pelas rações. O rendimento dos cortes comerciais lombo e costela descoberta diferiram entre os animais alimentados com as rações contendo oleaginosas. Não houve diferença para as porcentagens de músculo, gordura e osso nem para a razão músculo:osso. A adição de grãos de canola resultou em maior teor de lipídeos no músculo Longissimus dorsi, mas não alterou o teor de colesterol. Os animais alimentados com as rações contendo grãos de canola e linhaça apresentaram menor razão ômega-6:ômega-3. Os benefícios dos grãos de oleaginosas sobre as características quantitativas da carcaça ou qualitativas do músculo em cabritos não justificam sua utilização nas rações.The quantitative characteristics of the carcass, yield of cuts, tissue proportion, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi muscle of ¾ Boer + ¼ Saanen goats fed rations with linseed, sunflower and canola seeds were evaluated. Twenty-four not castrated male goats initially averaging 22.7 kg and 90 days were allotted to a completely randomized design and slaughtered at 30.9 kg of body weight and 61 days of feedlot. The rations were composed of oats hay, soybean meal, ground corn and mineral supplement with the following treatments: control treatment (n=6) and in the others treatments, linseed (n=7), sunflower (n=5) and canola (n=6) seeds were added. The intake of oilseeds grains did not affect hot carcass weight; however, the cold carcass weight was greater in animals fed control diet, which also had lower weight loss by cooling. The carcass yield was not influenced by diet. The yield of loin and discovered rib commercial cuts differs among animals fed diets with oilseeds. No treatment effect on the muscle, fat and bone percentages, as well as on the muscle:bone ratio in loin, was observed. The addition of canola grains resulted in higher levels of lipids in Longissimus dorsi muscle, but did not alter the cholesterol content. Animals fed diets with grains of canola and linseed showed a lower omega-6:omega-3 ratio. The use of oilseeds do not improve the quantitative characteristics of the carcass or the quality of the muscle on goats enough to be included in the rations.

As microalgas são consideradas fontes potenciais de diversos compostos químicos. Os ácidos graxos obtidos da biomassa podem apresentar efeitos terapêuticos em humanos e podem ser usados para produção de biodiesel. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho verificar o conteúdo lipídico e o perfil dos ácidos graxos das microalgas Spirulina sp., Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella kessleri e Chlorella vulgaris cultivadas em diferentes concentrações de dióxido de carbono e bicarbonato de sódio. A microalga Chlorella kessleri cultivada com 12% de CO2 apresentou a maior concentração de lipídios na biomassa seca (9,7% p/p). A máxima concentração de ácidos graxos insaturados foi 72,0% (p/p) para C. vulgaris cultivada com 12% de CO2. Para os ácidos graxos saturados o maior valor encontrado foi 81,6% (p/p), quando a microalga Spirulina sp. foi cultivada com 18% de CO2 e 16,8 g.L-1 de bicarbonato de sódio.Microalgae have a great potential as a source of several chemical compounds. The fatty acids have shown therapeutic effects and used to produce biodiesel. The aim of this work was to verify the lipid contents and the fatty acids profile of the microalga Spirulina sp., Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella kessleri and Chlorella vulgaris cultived in different carbon dioxide and sodium bicarbonate concentrations. The microalgae Chlorella kessleri cultived with 12% CO2 showed the highest lipid content in the dry biomass (9.7% p/p). The maximum unsaturated fatty acids concentration was 72.0% (p/p) to C. vulgaris in the culture with 12% CO2. The highest saturated fatty acids value was 81.6% (p/p) when microalga Spirulina sp. was cultived with 18% CO2 and 16.8 g.L-1 sodium bicarbonate.

En el mercado interno venezolano se consumen, fundamentalmente, tres especies de camarones marinos, dos autóctonas, encontradas en su ambiente natural, Farfantapenaeus brasiliensis y Litopenaeus schmitti, y una introducida y cultivada, L. vannamei. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de determinar, si existe variación en la proporción de lípidos y el perfíl de ácidos grasos de estas especies, incluso bajo diferentes condiciones de cultivo (balanceados utilizados). El total de lípidos detectado en todas las especies y condiciones de cultivo es mayor que el indicado en la bibliografía existente, superándolos en 5 a 10 veces, con valores que oscilan entre 4,8 y 10,9%, por lo que su incidencia en la salud debería ser revisada. Se evidenció una diferencia en el porcentaje de lípidos, así como en el perfíl de ácidos grasos de las especies. El mayor porcentaje de lípidos fue detectado en L. schmitti salvaje (10,9%) seguido de F. brasiliensis salvaje (9,0%),L. schmitti cultivado (4,8% a 7,1%) y L. vannamei cultivado (5,1% a 6,2%). De los camarones estudiados, L. schmitti cultivado con el balanceado comercial aparece con mayor proporción de EPA y/o DHA, seguido de L. vannamei alimentados con el balanceado experimental, L. schmitti salvaje y alimentado con el mismo balanceado y F. brasiliensis salvaje.There are three marine shrimp species in the Venezuelan internal market, two of them are native species, from fisheries, Farfantapenaeus brasiliensis y Litopenaeus schmitti, and one is an exotic species and farmed, L. vannamei. The objectives of this paper were to determine the possible variation of lipid content and fatty acid composition of these species, even under different culture conditions (e.g. feed used). The lipid content in all the species are higher (5 to 10 times) that the data from previous papers deal with marine shrimps, ranged from 4.8 to 10.9%, suggesting that its impact in the human health should be reviewed. At the same time, there were detected differences between the lipid content and fatty acids composition of the species. Wild L. schmitti had the highest lipid content (10.9%), following by wild F. brasiliensis (9.0%), cultured L. schmitti (4.8% to 7.1%) and cultured L. vannamei (5.1% to 6.2%). On the other hand, L. schmitti fed on commercial feed had the highest proportion of EPA and/or DHA, following by L. vannamei fed on the experimental feed, wild L. schmitti and fed with the experimental feed and wild F. brasiliensis.

Los frutos secos han formado parte de la alimentación del hombre desde tiempo inmemorial, siendo muy apreciados e incorporándose a multitud de platos, preferentemente dulces y postres. Sin embargo el interés por este tipo de alimentos se ha incrementado de forma espectacular en las últimas décadas. Así numerosos estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado los efectos protectores del consumo de frutos secos disminuyendo el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares en distintos grupos de personas. Hasta el momento se han realizado ensayos clínicos con todos los tipos de frutos secos (almendras, nueces, pistachos, nueces de Macadamia, cacahuetes) que han producido un efecto positivo en el perfil lipoproteico, disminuyendo el colesterol total y las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) en plasma. No obstante, aún no ha sido demostrado si estos efectos se deben únicamente a su contenido y composición en ácidos grasos o a otros componentes minoritarios de los frutos secos como tocoferoles, fitosteroles y fitoestrógenos. Además las investigaciones que relacionan enfermedades cerebrovasculares y consumo de nueces son escasas. En este trabajo se revisan aspectos comparativos de la composición de los frutos secos, así como los posibles efectos de su consumo sobre peso corporal, metabolismo lipoproteico y protección frente a enfermedades cerebro y cardiovasculares. Teniendo en cuenta estos estudios, se recomienda la inclusión de 25 g/día de frutos secos, en el marco de una dieta prudente. Se proponen algunas líneas futuras de actuación en el estudio de los frutos secos.Nuts, cardio and cerebrovascular risks. A Spanish perspective. Nuts have been included in human diets for ages. They are very appreciated and used as a central component of sweets and desserts. However, during the last decades, scientific interest in those foods has increased enormously as many epidemiologic studies show protective effects of nut consumption on coronary heart disease in different population groups. To date, many clinical trials have analyzed the positive effects of nuts consumption (almond, walnut, pistachio, Macadamia nut, and pecan) on the lipid profile, decreasing total and low density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol. However, whether these effects are only due to their fatty acid composition or to any other bioactive compounds, such as tocopherols, phytosterols and phytoestrogens, it is still unknown. This paper, aims to reviewcomparative composition aspects of nuts, such as the positive effects on body weight, lipoprotein metabolism, and protection against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The inclusion of 25 g/day of nuts, mainly raw, into a prudent diet seems to be recommended. Further investigations, as actual information is still scarce, in order to dilucidate the relationship between nuts consumption and vascular diseases are proposed.

SUMMARY. Simultaneous analyses of total lipids, cholesterol and fatty acids were carried out on raw and grilled beef longissimus dorsi trimmed of external fat. Cholesterol was determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the fatty acids by gas chromatography. Mean total lipid (g/100 g) ranged from 2.1 to 2.6 for raw beef and 3.5 to 4.0 for grilled beef steaks. Cholesterol levels (mg/100 g) ranged from 40 to 43 for raw beef and 67 to 70 for grilled beef steaks. The main intramuscular fatty acids of the raw and grilled meat were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:0, 18:1n9, 18:1n7 and 18:2n6. Grilled lean beef steaks had significantly higher contents of the principal fatty acids and most of the minor fatty acids. The higher values for the three components in the grilled meat were due to loss of moisture during grilling. There was no significant difference between the apparent and true retentions values, both indicating no significant loss or degradation of total lipids, cholesterol and fatty acids during grilling.RESUMO. Novos dados de lipídios totais, colesterol e ácidos graxos em carne bovina (longissimus dorsi) crua e grelhada. Análise integrada de colesterol, lipídios totais e composição de ácidos graxos foi realizada em Longissimus dorsi de carne bovina crua e grelhada. O colesterol foi quantificado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e os ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa. A média de lipídios totais (g/100g) variou de 2,1 a 2,6 na carne crua e de 3,5 a 4,0 na carne grelhada. O teor de colesterol (mg/100g) variou de 40 a 43 na carne crua e de 67 a 70 na carne grelhada. Os principais ácidos graxos intramusculares foram C14:0, C16:0, C16:1n7, C18:0, C18:1n9, C18:1n7 e C18:2n6. A carne grelhada apresentou valores significativamente maiores de ácidos graxos principais e da maioria dos ácidos graxos minoritários. Os maiores valores obtidos nos três componentes na carne grelhada foram devidos a perda da umidade durante o cozimento. Os valores de retenção aparente e verdadeira não apresentaram diferença significativa, ambos indicando que não houve perda ou degradação significativa no conteúdo total de lipídios, colesterol e ácidos graxos durante o cozimento.

The fruit of bottlegourd are used for the manufacture of gourd, utensils and handicrafts. Seeds and fruits of bottlegourd are discarded during the manufacturing in producing regions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the composition and profile of fatty acids in the seeds of bottle gourd with a view to using the seeds as raw material and food. Seeds of bottle gourd, whose plants were seeded in different growing seasons, were collected in an experiment in the city of Rondinha - RS, in 2008. After drying, it was separated and the ratio of peel and seed kernels. The almonds were subjected to assessment of lipid content, ash, crude protein, crude fiber and carbohydrates. The fatty acid composition of lipids present in the almonds was determined by gas chromatography. The seeds had high carbohydrate content (33.0%), lipids (37.6%) and protein (25.2%), but were not affected by seeding date. However, plants seeded later (on October 27th ) had shorter cycle (time between seeding and senescence of plants, 149 days) and almond had a higher relative proportion of fatty unsaturated acids (79.5%). The predominant fatty acids in decreasing order were linoleic acid (C18: 2, omega-6), palmitic acid (C16: 0), oleic (C18: 1, omega-9) and stearic acid (C18: 0). The results of centesimal composition and profile of fatty acids suggest a nutritional potential that needs to be better studied with a view to exploiting the bottle gourd seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid extract and fatty acid composition of cane molasses and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-300-A and Saccharomyces uvarum IZ-1904) grown in molasses medium were determined. In molasses, linoleic acid was found in higher levels (around 42%) and was followed by palmitic, oleic and linolenic acids. The lipid extract varied from 1.02 to 3.13 gkg-1. In yeasts, the level of lipid extract varied from 16.65 to 31.12 g.kg-1 (dry matter basis) depending on the molasses type and yeast species. Both yeasts were able to incorporate fatty acids from molasses' and therefore linoleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids found in them.Foram determinados o extrato lipídico e a composição em ácidos graxos de melaço de cana-de-açúcar e das leveduras (Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-300-A e Saccharomyces uvarum Iz-1904) multiplicadas em meio fermentativo de melaço. Nos melaços, o ácido linoleico foi encontrado em maiores quantidades (cerca de 42% do total) e foi seguido pelos ácidos palmitic o, oleico e linolênico. O extrato lipídico variou de 1,02 até 3,13 g.Kg-1. Em leveduras, o nível do extrato lipídico variou de 16,65 até 31,12 g.kg-1(com base na matéria seca) e foi afetado pelo tipo de melaço e da espécie de levedura. Ambas as leveduras foram capazes de incorporar ácidos graxos presentes no melaço e portanto os ácidos linoleico e palmítico foram os principais ácidos graxos encontrados nessas leveduras.

Total fat and fatty acid composition of seven fresh-water and nine marine fish commercially important in Brazil were determined. Palmitic acid was the predominant saturated fatty acid in both freshwater and marine fish. In the fat from freshwater fish the total C-16 fatty acids were higher than in marine fish. Oleic acid was the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid and it was found in higher levels in freshwater fish. The data revealed that most freshwater fish from Brazil examined were a poor source of eicosapentaenoic (20:5) and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acids. Of the marine fish analysed, only sardine and manjuba could be recommended as a good sources of n-3 fatty acids.Foram determinadas a gordura total e a composição em ácidos graxos de sete espécies de peixes de água doce e nove espécies de peixes de água salgada, comercialmente importantes do Brasil. O ácido palmítico foi o ácido predominante dentre os saturados tanto nos peixes de água doce como salgada. Na gordura dos peixes de água doce, o total de ácidos graxos com 16 carbonos foi superior aos de água salgada. O ácido oleico foi o mais abundante dos monoinsaturados e foi encontrado em maiores níveis nos peixes de água doce. Os dados revelaram que a maioria dos peixes de água doce são fontes deficientes dos ácidos eicosapentaenóico (20:5) e docosahexaenóico (22:6). Dos peixes de água salgada analisados, apenas sardinha e manjuba podem ser recomendados como fontes adequadas de ácidos graxos n-3.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Food & Nutrition / Alimentos e Nutrição is the property of Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The oils of fruits are being studied for its potential in the food industry and also to increase the consumption of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to determine the physio-chemical constants, chemical composition and identify and quantify the major fatty acids present in the lipid fraction of pulp and kernel of the fruits of guarirova, species Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc. It was performed the physicochemical characterization of oils, fatty acid composition and nutritional quality indexes. Almond oil has the highest concentration of saturated fatty acids (89,2%), represented mainly by lauric acid (48,34%). The pulp showed monounsaturated (24,84%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (33.25%), with higher percentage of omega-6 (31,94%) and omega-9 (19,15%) and lower omega-3 (1,31%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Food & Nutrition / Alimentos e Nutrição is the property of Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Food & Nutrition / Alimentos e Nutrição is the property of Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Food & Nutrition / Alimentos e Nutrição is the property of Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to evaluate the use of different fat sources in dairy cows rations and its effects on dry matter intake, milk yield and composition, and blood parameter. Twelve Holstein cows were allocated in three balanced latin square 4x4, and fed with the following rations: 1) Control, with 2.5%; 2) Refined soybean oil; 3) Whole soybean; and 4), Calcium salts of fatty acids (Megalac-E). The concentrations of total cholesterol and lipoprotein low density (LDL) were higher (P<0.05) for cows that received rations with fat sources, which also causes increased (P<0.05) e concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL). The concentrations of urea and blood urea nitrogen were similar among the rations, except for the diet containing calcium salts of fatty acids, which showed lower (P<0.05). The dry matter intake was lower (P<0.05) in cows that received calcium salts in the rations. The animals that received a diet containing whole soybeans as a source of fat had lower (P<0.05) yield milk when compared to other rations used. The use of fat sources in dairy cows rations influenced the blood parameters, especially for parameters related to lipidogram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate the possibility of including Castor or Licuri oil at two levels in the diets of crossbred Moxotó goat's through dry matter intake, digestibility and levels of urea, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood. The treatments consisted of control groups without oil, 3% or 5% of Licuri (LO-3 or LO-5) or Castor (CO-3 or CO-5) oil, based on dry matter supplementation. Ten Moxotó lactating goats were used according to a double Latin Square (5 x 5) experiment design. The addition of oil to the diet reduced the dry matter intake, except for animals that were supplemented with CO-3. However, the addition of 3% of oil didn't alter the intake of metabolizable energy and crude protein. The animals supplemented with LO-5 oil showed smaller nutrients intake, except for ether extract intake. The lipid supplement didn't alter the dry matter digestibility, however increased the NDF digestibility the CP and EE apparent digestibility. There was no difference among the glucose levels, urea and NEFA in the blood. It is possible to use 3 %Castor oil in the diet of lactating goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]