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The main objectives of this paper are to discuss the origins and to address the main findings of research undertaken in the field of sport commitment, particularly with regard to the Iberian Peninsula, trying to suggest some key future challenges for this field of knowledge. An outline is given of the current configuration of the Sport Commitment Model developed by Tara Scanlan and her team at UCLA within the framework of the Sport Commitment Scale International Development Project in order to explain why athletes continue to do sport over time. A presentation is given of the tool developed by the said authors to test the proposed model, which has subsequently been adopted by most researchers in this field; that is, the Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ). Additionally, an explanation is given of the process of the development of a revised improved version of the tool (the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2; SCQ-2), based on the de-centering method, which facilitates its translation into and adaptation to different languages in order to obtain a valid reliable instrument - one that is currently being adapted to the Portuguese and Spanish cultures. Finally, the main challenges for future research in this field are outlined: 1) to adapt the SCQ-2 to other languages; 2) to investigate sport commitment, taking into account individuals' age, gender and competition level; 3) to adapt the SCQ-2 to different contexts and sports stakeholders; 4) to analyze the relationship between sport commitment and other variables; and 5) to develop an instrument for monitoring sport commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional model of organizational commitment presents conceptual and empirical problems, such as antagonistic behavior from the continuing basis when compared to the other ones. As part of an effort to improve the discriminant validity level of the construct, and, thus, increase its predictive power, this paper examines the relevance of the three-dimensional model and, particularly, the persistence of the continuing basis in the construct. For that, correlation analyses between the Organizational Entrenchment and Organizational Commitment constructs and between them and different and consequent antecedents were carried out in a sample of 721 workers, aiming to determine the extent to which the affective and continuing bases of Organizational Commitment resemble or differ from Organizational Entrenchment. The results show a divergence between the continuing basis when compared to the affective basis, suggesting they are different links. At the same time, the similarity between the Organizational Entrenchment and the continuing basis suggests they are the same phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to verify whether the Indirect Speech used by journalists' live broadcast about the World Trade Center attack revealed their engagement as well as their commitment. In the news broadcast, the production of live report usually takes place simultaneously with the facts, that is, without previous planning, which grants the journalists unfamiliarity about what they are narrating. Nevertheless, it is very likely that the reporters' statements may reveal a higher or lower engagement and commitment vis-à-vis the information they are delivering. According to results, this kind of speech is not only used to transmit the news about the terrorist attack but to emphasize the adhesion as well as the distance of the reporters from the statements they make. The use of indirect speech is due to the intentions of the speaker highlighted in his/her speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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