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Asset pricing models have been a constant theme in finance research. Since the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) proposed by Sharpe (1964), such models linearly relate the expected rate of returns of an asset or portfolio of assets with systemic risk factors. This research presents a test of a pricing model with risk factors based on statistical comoments and using a Brazilian dataset. The proposed model is an extension of the original CAPM with the addition of coskewness and cokurtosis between stock rates of return and the market portfolio rates of return. The effects of other variables such as market to book value, financial leverage and a negotiability index served as control variables. The sample consisted of 179 non-financial Brazilian companies traded on BM&FBovespa with data available from 2003 to 2007. Annual systemic moments were calculated from weekly rates of return. They were then tested on a pricing model in order to check for the existence of a risk premium associated with each of these risk measures. We employed a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel data analysis. The use of GMM aims to address potential problems of endogeneity and simultaneous determination of the data, avoiding the occurrence of bias in the estimates. The estimation results show that the relationship between rates of return and covariance and cokurtosis are statistically significant. The results were robust to alternative model specifications. This research contributes to the literature by presenting empirical evidence that there is a Brazilian risk premium associated with systemic moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated and compared the impacts of adopting dynamic and static strategies in agricultural futures contracts, negotiated at BM&FBovespa, on the risk and return of a diversified portfolio, between 1994 and 2007. Using the Portfolio Theory , the presence of dynamic positions in commodity futures was verified in optimal portfolios for the period 2001-2007 and for three sample periods. However, the frontier moves were not statistically significant. The Guepardo and Sparta funds, characterized by dynamic management of the agricultural derivatives, also presented high participation on optimal portfolios. Moreover, they allowed the portfolio to achieve return levels that the original portfolio would not be able to achieve. Nevertheless, once again, the frontier expansions were not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the performance of a general dynamic equity indexing strategy based on cointegration, from a market efficiency perspective, observing the different levels of risk and regimes. This new portfolio will be compared with Markowitz portfolio model. The identification of these autoregressive regimes in the process of generating returns in the Brazilian Market, especially in Bovespa, for the Plano Real period (January of 1995 to September of 2004), will be elaborated trough a Markov Switching Model. With this model, is possible to identify the nonlinear structure of the data and it is relation to the conditional mean and conditional variance. As result the dynamics of the data generation process, the returns can be described as function of the growth cycle ("bull markets") and decrease ("bear markets"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of an investigation about the determinant factors of the capital structure of publicly held companies that operate in the Brazilian market. The sample group consisted of 91 companies, covering the period from 1999 to 2003. A stronger estimation technique conjugating Dynamic Panel Data, which combines cross-section data with time-series, with a generalized method of moments (GMM) tool was used in the performance of this study. The accounting and market concepts were used as capital structure and leverage proxies, and their results were compared. In conformity with literature from the area, the following variables were selected: current ratio, company size, return, growth opportunity, business risk, fiscal economy and sales growth, tangibility, coefficient of variation and bankruptcy risk. The GMM and AH econometric tools were used for the tests. The econometric results proved robust due to the techniques used. The analysis results obtained were largely consistent with the Pecking Order and Trade-off theories. These results are also in line with the results observed in similar studies carried out in several countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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